Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English/Greek → Malayalam)
Purpose and Method
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering 1 Peter chapters 1 through 5 in full. Terms already established in the baseline Romans Language Package are marked [BASELINE TM] and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there — they are listed here for completeness and cross-reference only, not for renegotiation. New terms specific to 1 Peter are given full risk assessment consistent with the baseline’s methodology and risk tiers (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
Columns: English term | Greek (transliteration) | Malayalam rendering | Risk tier | Doctrine | Key passages | Rationale / collision note
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Malayalam rendering | Risk tier | Doctrine | Key passages | Rationale / collision note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός (theos) | ദൈവം | Critical | God | throughout | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | കര്ത്താവ് | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly; NEVER for the domestic/husband sense (see New Terms section). |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | യേശു | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | ക്രിസ്തു | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവ് | Critical | Sanctification / God | 1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. NEVER ബ്രഹ്മം/പരമാത്മാവ്. |
| Father | πατήρ (patēr) | പിതാവ് | Critical | Adoption / God | 1:2, 1:3, 1:17 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | ഉയിര്ത്തെഴുന്നേല്പ്പ് | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 1:3, 1:21, 3:21 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. NEVER പുനര്ജന്മം. |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | കൃപ | High | Grace | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. Grace-merit contrast note applies at 5:5 (humility does not earn grace). |
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | വിശ്വാസം | Medium | Faith | 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 3:5, 5:9 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | രക്ഷ | High | Salvation | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:21 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. NEVER മോക്ഷം/മുക്തി. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | നീതി | Critical/High | Salvation | 2:24, 3:14 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. NEVER ധര്മ്മം. |
| holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | പരിശുദ്ധ | High | Sanctification | 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) | വിശുദ്ധീകരണം | High | Sanctification | 1:2, 3:15 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| saints (holy ones) | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | വിശുദ്ധര് | High | Sainthood | conceptually parallel to 2:9’s holy nation | [BASELINE TM]. Same inverted-narrowing risk applies (canonization sense); see also new “priesthood” entries below for a compounding version of this same risk. |
| calling / called | κλῆσις / κλητός (klēsis/klētos) | വിളി / വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ട | Medium/High | Divine Calling | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| election (root) | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός (eklogē/eklektos) | ദൈവത്തിന്റെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് / തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട | High | Effectual Calling | 1:1, 1:2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. NEVER വിധി/തലയെഴുത്ത്. |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | മഹത്വം | Medium/High | Deity of Christ / Glory | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 1:21, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion) | സുവിശേഷം | Medium/High | Gospel | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | പാപം | Medium/High | Sin | 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (dynamis theou) | ദൈവത്തിന്റെ ശക്തി | Medium | Power of God | 1:5 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| gentiles / nations | ἔθνη (ethnē) | ജനതകള് | Medium/High | Gentiles | 2:12, 4:3 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. NEVER ജാതികള്. |
| church (conceptual; “God’s people” imagery) | λαός / οἶκος (laos/oikos) | സഭ / ദൈവജനം | Medium | Church as God’s People | 2:9-10, 4:17, 5:2 | [BASELINE TM pattern for സഭ]; 1 Peter’s imagery (λαός, οἶκος) supplements but does not replace this term. |
| fellowship | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω (koinōnia/koinōneō) | കൂട്ടായ്മ | Low | Christian Fellowship | 4:13 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുക | Low | Mutual Edification | 5:1, 5:12 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| spiritual gift | χάρισμα (charisma) | ആത്മീയവരം (sing. of ആത്മീയവരങ്ങള്) | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | 4:10 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly; always pair with ആത്മീയ. |
| obedience (of faith, root) | ὑπακοή (hypakoē) | അനുസരണം | Medium | Obedience of Faith | 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
| prophets | προφῆται (prophētai) | പ്രവാചകന്മാര് | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:10 | [BASELINE TM]. Reuse exactly. |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced in 1 Peter
| English term | Greek (translit.) | Malayalam rendering | Risk tier | Doctrine | Key passages | Rationale / collision note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| born again / regeneration | ἀναγεννάω (anagennaō) | വീണ്ടും ജനിപ്പിച്ചു (verb) / പുതുജനനം (noun) | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:23 | NEVER പുനര്ജന്മം (reincarnation). Direct conceptual/phonetic-neighborhood collision with the Hindu rebirth-cycle doctrine; treat with the same forbidden-substitution discipline as baseline’s incarnation/resurrection entries. New Critical entry recommended for translation memory. |
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | ജീവനുള്ള പ്രത്യാശ | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:21, 3:15 | പ്രത്യാശ is the established Malayalam Christian hope-term (distinct from ordinary ആശ, “wish”); risk is AI-drift toward a flatter word, not a competing religious term. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | അനന്തരാവകാശം | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4 | Cross-reference to baseline’s adoption/inheritance-rights doctrine (ദത്തുപുത്രത്വം) for theological continuity between curricula. |
| imperishable | ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos) | അക്ഷയമായ | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, 1:18, 1:23, 3:4 | അക്ഷയ carries Hindu mythic-inexhaustibility resonance (Akshaya Tritiya, akshaya patra); keep doctrinal framing plain (kept by God) rather than evoking the mythic image. |
| trial / testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | പരീക്ഷ | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:6 | പരീക്ഷ is the everyday word for an academic exam; risk of trivializing covenantal testing into a pass/fail exam framework. |
| tested genuineness | δοκίμιον (dokimion) | ശോധന / പരിശോധിക്കപ്പെട്ട വിശ്വാസം | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:7 | Pair with a metal-refining image, not an exam image, in teaching material. |
| revelation (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | വെളിപ്പാട് | Low | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:7, 1:13 | Established term (cf. Book of Revelation name); low ambiguity. |
| rejoice / exult | ἀγαλλιάω (agalliaō) | ഉല്ലസിക്കുക | Low-Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:6, 1:8 | ആനന്ദിക്കുക acceptable variant; ആനന്ദം’s Vedantic-bliss resonance is mitigated by its extremely common secular/Christian usage, parallel to baseline’s ശക്തി downgrade logic. |
| souls (vs. spirit) | ψυχή (psychē) | പ്രാണന് / ജീവന് (recommended over ആത്മാവ്) | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:9, 1:22, 3:20 | Requires a fixed consistency ruling distinguishing ψυχή (soul/life) from πνεῦμα (spirit, ആത്മാവ്) to avoid entangling with the Critical Holy Spirit term family. |
| holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον (hierateuma hagion) | പരിശുദ്ധ പുരോഹിത്യം | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | പുരോഹിതന് names both Kerala’s ordained clergy office AND the Hindu (often Brahmin/caste-linked) temple priest role. Compounds the baseline’s already-documented “saints” narrowing risk. Mandatory translator note: every believer, not clergy or caste elite, is a priest. |
| royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (basileion hierateuma) | രാജകീയ പുരോഹിത്യം | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | Same grounds as above, intensified by royal-identity language echoing Exodus 19:6. |
| spiritual sacrifices | θυσίαι πνευματικαί (thysiai pneumatikai) | ആത്മീയ ബലികള് | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | NEVER യാഗം (Vedic fire-sacrifice/yajña term, still practiced ceremonially in Kerala). Require ബലി; recommend as a new forbidden-substitution entry. |
| chosen generation/race | γένος ἐκλεκτόν (genos eklekton) | തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട വംശം | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | വംശം carries caste/lineage resonance in Kerala; must be clarified as spiritual, not biological/caste, lineage. Cross-reference baseline’s ജനതകള്/ജാതികള് caste-sensitivity rule. |
| holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον (ethnos hagion) | വിശുദ്ധ ജനത | Medium-High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | Use ജനത/ജനതകള് family, never ജാതി, consistent with baseline rule. |
| people for God’s own possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν (laos eis peripoiēsin) | സ്വന്തജനം | Medium | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | Low-medium; standard vocabulary. |
| living stone / cornerstone | λίθος ζῶν / ἀκρογωνιαῖος (lithos zōn / akrogōniaios) | ജീവനുള്ള കല്ല് / മൂലക്കല്ല് | Low | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:4, 2:6-8 | Established, low-ambiguity architectural metaphor. |
| conduct | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | നടപ്പ് / ജീവിതരീതി | Low | Holiness in Conduct | 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16 | Standard vocabulary; recurring theme term for the whole letter. |
| submit / be subject | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | വിധേയപ്പെടുക | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:5, 5:5 | Recurs across civic, domestic (masters/servants, wives/husbands), and ecclesial (younger/elder) contexts. Risk: readers defaulting to blanket/fatalistic subordination rather than Peter’s bounded, voluntary, gospel-motivated posture. Mandatory anti-abuse caution in household passages. |
| suffer wrongfully / for righteousness’ sake | πάσχω ἀδίκως / διὰ δικαιοσύνην (paschō adikōs / dia dikaiosynēn) | അന്യായമായി കഷ്ടം സഹിക്കുക / നീതിക്കുവേണ്ടി കഷ്ടം സഹിക്കുക | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2:19-20, 3:14, 3:17, 4:1, 4:15-16, 4:19 | Karma-retribution collision: popular Malayalam/Indian folk reasoning often assumes suffering is deserved payback for past deeds. 1 Peter inverts this; explicit teaching note required at every occurrence. |
| example / pattern | ὑπογραμμός (hypogrammos) | മാതൃക | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2:21 | Low ambiguity. |
| bore our sins on the tree | ἀναφέρω…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον (anapherō…epi to xylon) | മരത്തിന്മേല് പാപങ്ങളെ ചുമന്നു | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Core substitutionary-atonement statement; parallel in weight to baseline’s imputed_righteousness. Must never soften to exemplary/sympathetic suffering. |
| by his wounds healed | τῷ μώλωπι ἰάθητε (tō mōlōpi iathēte) | അവന്റെ മുറിവുകളാല് സൗഖ്യം പ്രാപിച്ചു | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Clarify primary reference is healing from sin (Isaiah 53), given prosperity/physical-healing associations strong in Kerala’s Pentecostal/charismatic sector. |
| Shepherd and Overseer | ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος (poimēn kai episkopos) | ഇടയനും അധ്യക്ഷനും | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Elders and Humility | 2:25 | NEVER ബിഷപ്പ് (the institutional bishop-office title in Kerala’s Orthodox/Catholic/episcopal traditions); use functional അധ്യക്ഷന്/മേല്വിചാരകന്. |
| domestic “lord” (husband) | κύριος, domestic sense (kyrios) | നാഥന് | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:6 | Deliberately NOT കര്ത്താവ്, to avoid conflating a human husband’s domestic address-title with Christ’s exclusive divine Lordship. |
| gentle and quiet spirit | πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα (praü kai hēsychion pneuma) | സൗമ്യവും ശാന്തവുമായ മനോഭാവം | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:4 | Pastoral-sensitivity risk: teach as inner Christlike character, never as mandate for enforced silence or passivity. |
| weaker vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (asthenesteron skeuos) | ബലഹീനമായ പാത്രം | Medium | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:7 | Denotes social/physical vulnerability calling for honor, not spiritual/essential inferiority; balanced by “joint heirs of grace” in the same verse. |
| defense / answer (apologetics) | ἀπολογία (apologia) | പ്രതിവാദം / ഉത്തരം | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:15 | Standard vocabulary. |
| good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή (syneidēsis agathē) | നല്ല മനഃസാക്ഷി | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:16, 3:21 | Established, low-ambiguity term. |
| once for all (suffered) | ἅπαξ (hapax) | ഒരിക്കലായി | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | Preserve non-repeatable, decisive-event force; avoid any cyclical-sacrifice framing. |
| the just for the unjust | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων (dikaios hyper adikōn) | നീതിമാന് അനീതിമാന്മാര്ക്കുവേണ്ടി | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | Substitution-logic core term; uses baseline നീതി family. |
| spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (pneumata en phylakē) | തടവിലുള്ള ആത്മാക്കള് | High/Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19 | Compound risk: (a) exegetically disputed passage requiring a single fixed, documented interpretive position; (b) ആത്മാവ് collides with folk spirit-belief/ancestor-spirit and possession-exorcism practice active in Kerala. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| proclaimed / preached (to the spirits) | ἐκήρυξεν (ekēryxen) | പ്രഘോഷിച്ചു | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19 | Must not imply a post-mortem “second chance” gospel offer; align with the fixed exegetical position adopted for the whole passage cluster (cf. 4:6). |
| saved through water | διασῴζω διὰ ὕδατος (diasōzō dia hydatos) | വെള്ളത്തിലൂടെ രക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടു | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:20 | Distinguish typological, Christ-accomplished salvation from Kerala’s own ritual sacred-water bathing/purification practices. |
| baptism / antitype | βάπτισμα / ἀντίτυπον (baptisma/antitypon) | സ്നാനം | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Vocabulary itself settled and ecumenical, but this verse’s own clarification (“not removal of dirt but a pledge of good conscience”) must be preserved precisely given Kerala’s cross-denominational baptismal-theology diversity (infant vs. believer’s baptism). |
| gospel preached to the dead | νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη (nekrois euēngelisthē) | മരിച്ചവരോടു സുവിശേഷം അറിയിക്കപ്പെട്ടു | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 4:6 | Same exegetical-complexity grounds as 3:19; must be resolved via one documented position, applied consistently. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | വിഗ്രഹാരാധന | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 4:3 | Established, settled term; sensitivity is in tone (names a majority-culture devotional practice), not in translation ambiguity. |
| hospitality | φιλοξενία (philoxenia) | അതിഥിസത്കാരം | Low | Elders and Humility / Holiness in Conduct | 4:9 | Culturally resonant, positive-association Kerala virtue; no collision risk. |
| oracles of God | λόγια θεοῦ (logia theou) | ദൈവത്തിന്റെ വാക്യങ്ങള് | High | Holiness in Conduct | 4:11 | NEVER അരുളപ്പാട് (the Kerala temple-oracle/trance-medium velichappadu term). Recommend as a new forbidden-substitution entry, on the model of the baseline’s അവതാരം caution. |
| fiery trial | πύρωσις (pyrōsis) | കഠിനമായ പരീക്ഷ (recommended) — avoid അഗ്നിപരീക്ഷ unless paired with an explanatory note | Critical/High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:12 | അഗ്നിപരീക്ഷ is the specific Ramayana Sita-ordeal idiom in Malayalam/pan-Indian culture; a distinctive new collision not paralleled in the baseline package. Requires theologian and native-speaker review. |
| partake of Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνέω τοῖς πάθεσιν (koinōneō tois pathesin) | ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ കഷ്ടങ്ങളില് കൂട്ടായ്മ | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:13 | Uses baseline കൂട്ടായ്മ (fellowship); doctrinal weight elevated by context. |
| Spirit of glory | πνεῦμα τῆς δόξης (pneuma tēs doxēs) | മഹത്വത്തിന്റെ ആത്മാവ് | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:14 | Clarify as the same, one Holy Spirit, not a distinct “glory-spirit” entity. |
| Christian (self-designation) | Χριστιανός (Christianos) | ക്രിസ്ത്യാനി | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:16 | Long-established, universally recognized Malayalam term. |
| faithful Creator | πιστὸς κτίστης (pistos ktistēs) | വിശ്വസ്തനായ സ്രഷ്ടാവ് | Low | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:19 | Standard vocabulary. |
| elders | πρεσβύτεροι (presbyteroi) | മൂപ്പന്മാര് | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:1, 5:5 | Distinguish the recognized pastoral-office sense from generic community/caste-elder seniority. |
| shepherd / exercise oversight | ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω (poimainō/episkopeō) | മേയിക്കുക / മേല്നോട്ടം വഹിക്കുക | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:2 | Avoid the institutional ബിഷപ്പ് title-word; use functional oversight language. |
| not domineering, but examples | μὴ κατακυριεύοντες…τύποι (mē katakyrieuontes…typoi) | അധികാരം പ്രയോഗിക്കാതെ…മാതൃകയായി | Medium-High | Elders and Humility | 5:3 | Directly relevant to Kerala’s institutionally powerful church leadership structures; translate at full force, not softened. |
| Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποιμήν (archipoimēn) | മുഖ്യഇടയന് | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | Reserve exclusively for Christ; distinct from any human “head pastor” honorific. |
| crown of glory | στέφανος τῆς δόξης (stephanos tēs doxēs) | മഹത്വത്തിന്റെ കിരീടം | Low | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | Uses baseline മഹത്വം; low ambiguity. |
| clothed with humility | ἐγκομβόομαι τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην (enkomboomai tēn tapeinophrosynēn) | താഴ്മ ധരിക്കുക | Low | Elders and Humility | 5:5 | Standard, vivid servant-apron image. |
| the devil / adversary | διάβολος (diabolos) | പിശാച് | Medium | Elders and Humility (context of 5:8-9) | 5:8 | Keep distinct from Kerala folk-belief categories of ghosts/ancestor-spirits (ഭൂതം, പ്രേതം) and possession-exorcism practice; this is the one, personal, cosmic adversary. |
| kiss of love | φίλημα ἀγάπης (philēma agapēs) | സ്നേഹത്തിന്റെ ചുംബനം | Low-Medium | Elders and Humility (closing greeting) | 5:14 | Cultural-equivalence note: recommend a contemporary equivalent greeting practice in teaching material while preserving the holy, non-romantic sense. |
Section 3 — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum doctrine | Primary new terms | Primary reused baseline terms |
|---|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | born again (Critical), living hope, inheritance, imperishable, trial, tested genuineness, souls | resurrection (Critical), faith, salvation, glory |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | suffer wrongfully/for righteousness (High), example, defense/answer, good conscience, fiery trial (Critical/High), partake of Christ’s sufferings, Spirit of glory, Christian, faithful Creator | righteousness, sanctification |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | holy priesthood (Critical), royal priesthood (Critical), spiritual sacrifices (High), chosen generation (High), holy nation, own people, living stone/cornerstone | saints, holy, election |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | submit (High), domestic “lord,” gentle and quiet spirit, weaker vessel, conduct | — |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | bore our sins on the tree (Critical), by his wounds healed, once for all (Critical), the just for the unjust (Critical), Shepherd and Overseer | righteousness, resurrection |
| Holiness in Conduct | idolatry, hospitality, oracles of God (High), conduct | holy, sanctification, gentiles |
| Elders and Humility | elders, shepherd/oversight, not domineering, Chief Shepherd, crown of glory, clothed with humility, the devil, kiss of love | grace, glory, exhort |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22) | spirits in prison (High/Critical), proclaimed, saved through water, baptism/antitype, gospel preached to the dead | resurrection, salvation |
Section 4 — Recommended New Forbidden-Substitution Entries (for 1 Peter Translation Memory)
The following should be added to an updated translation memory as explicit forbidden-substitution rules, in the same category as the baseline’s existing അവതാരം/പുനര്ജന്മം/മോക്ഷം/ധര്മ്മം/ദേവപുത്രന്/ബ്രഹ്മം/ജാതികള്/ഗുരു list:
- Born again / regeneration: NEVER പുനര്ജന്മം — always വീണ്ടും ജനിപ്പിച്ചു / പുതുജനനം.
- Spiritual sacrifices: NEVER യാഗം — always ബലി.
- Oracles of God: NEVER അരുളപ്പാട് — always ദൈവത്തിന്റെ വാക്യങ്ങള്.
- Shepherd and Overseer (of Christ) / elder oversight: NEVER ബിഷപ്പ് — always അധ്യക്ഷന് / മേല്വിചാരകന് / മേല്നോട്ടം.
- Domestic “lord” (husband, 3:6): NEVER കര്ത്താവ് — always നാഥന് (or equivalent domestic-address term).
- Priesthood / royal priesthood: NEVER unqualified പുരോഹിതന്-family terms without a mandatory translator note widening the reference to every believer, not clergy or caste-linked priestly office.
- Fiery trial: അഗ്നിപരീക്ഷ requires a mandatory explanatory note distinguishing it from the Ramayana Sita-ordeal reference, or should be avoided in favor of കഠിനമായ പരീക്ഷ.
This glossary extends, and must be read alongside, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section 1 terms are governed exclusively by the baseline entries. Section 2 terms are proposed as new entries for a 1 Peter-specific translation memory and doctrine risk registry, to be finalized in subsequent Phase 1 steps.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: നീതി
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Salvation / Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: ധര്മ്മം
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER ധര്മ്മം. Occurs 1 Peter 2:24, 3:14, 3:18 (the_just_for_the_unjust). 1 Peter’s usage additionally underlies the letter’s own thematic title-phrase ‘suffering for righteousness’ sake,’ which collides with the pan-Indian karma-retribution folk assumption; see suffer_wrongfully_for_righteousness entry below.
Salvation
Approved rendering: രക്ഷ
Transliteration: raksha
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: മോക്ഷം, മുക്തി
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER മോക്ഷം/മുക്തി. Occurs 1 Peter 1:5, 1:9-10, 2:2, 3:20-21. Note for 1 Peter 1:5: this occurrence is future/eschatological (‘ready to be revealed’), not only past-tense conversion — do not let Malayalam phrasing imply salvation is only a completed past event.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ഉയിര്ത്തെഴുന്നേല്പ്പ്
Transliteration: uyirthezhunnelppu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: പുനര്ജന്മം
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER പുനര്ജന്മം. Occurs 1 Peter 1:3, 1:21, 3:21. 1 Peter’s baptism typology (3:21) makes the resurrection’s historical, once-for-all character especially load-bearing. Distinct from, but adjacent to, the new born_again_regeneration entry below, which carries a parallel forbidden-substitution risk against the same Hindu rebirth-cycle term.
Lord
Approved rendering: കര്ത്താവ്
Transliteration: karthavu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15. CRITICAL forbidden-substitution addendum specific to 1 Peter: NEVER use this term for the domestic ‘lord’ sense at 3:6 (Sarah addressing Abraham) — use the new domestic_lord entry (നാഥന്) there instead, to keep Christ’s exclusive Lordship title visually and doctrinally distinct from a human husband’s address-title.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തു
Transliteration: kristu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs throughout 1 Peter. മിശിഹാ remains a legitimate liturgical/heritage alternative but ക്രിസ്തു is required for this curriculum’s Bible-study register.
Jesus
Approved rendering: യേശു
Transliteration: yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. ഈശോ remains a legitimate Syriac-liturgical heritage alternative, not used in this curriculum’s register.
God
Approved rendering: ദൈവം
Transliteration: daivam
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ഭഗവാന്
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter’s doxological formulas (1:3, 5:10) and its ‘God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ’ title carry the same register as Romans.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവ്
Transliteration: parishudhathmavu
Doctrine: Sanctification / God
Rejected alternatives: ബ്രഹ്മം, പരമാത്മാവ്
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER ബ്രഹ്മം or പരമാത്മാവ്. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 1:11-12, 4:14. Must be kept visibly distinct from the new souls entry (ψυχή, rendered പ്രാണന്/ജീവന്, never ആത്മാവ്) so this Critical term is never diluted by soul/spirit conflation, and from spirits_in_prison (ആത്മാക്കള്), which refers to a wholly different class of beings.
Father
Approved rendering: പിതാവ്
Transliteration: pithavu
Doctrine: God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 1:3, 1:17.
Born Again Regeneration
Approved rendering: വീണ്ടും ജനിപ്പിച്ചു / പുതുജനനം
Transliteration: veendum janippichu / puthu jananam
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: പുനര്ജന്മം
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW CRITICAL FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION ENTRY. NEVER പുനര്ജന്മം (reincarnation/rebirth-cycle) — always വീണ്ടും ജനിപ്പിച്ചു (verb) / പുതുജനനം (noun). Sits directly adjacent, phonetically and conceptually, to the baseline’s forbidden reincarnation term for resurrection; treat with identical forbidden-substitution discipline. Occurs 1 Peter 1:3 (core passage) and 1:23 (with ‘incorruptible seed’ qualifier). This is the anchor doctrine of the curriculum’s core passage and requires mandatory translator note every occurrence: a single, once-for-all, divinely-initiated new beginning, not entry into a cycle.
Redeemed Redemption
Approved rendering: വീണ്ടെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടു
Transliteration: veendedukkappettu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New Critical term (1 Peter 1:18-19). No direct syncretism collision comparable to incarnation/resurrection, but translators must not soften the transactional, price-paid sense into a vaguer ‘rescue,’ which would collapse it into രക്ഷ generally and lose the ransom-paid nuance essential to substitutionary atonement doctrine.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: പരിശുദ്ധ പുരോഹിത്യം
Transliteration: parishudha purohithyam
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW CRITICAL ENTRY, single highest-compounding risk in the 1 Peter curriculum. പുരോഹിതന് (‘priest’) carries a double, compounding collision risk unique to Kerala: (1) it names the ordained, professionally trained clergy of Kerala’s highly institutionalized denominations, risking readers hearing 2:5,9 as addressed only to ordained clergy; (2) it is ALSO the standard word for a Hindu (often Brahmin/caste-linked) temple priest. Both risks push toward narrowing Peter’s universal-priesthood claim into an elite, professional, or caste-linked class. MANDATORY translator note at every occurrence, on the model of the baseline’s ‘saints’ note: every ordinary believer, without distinction of clergy/laity or caste, shares this priestly identity. Occurs 1 Peter 2:5.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: രാജകീയ പുരോഹിത്യം
Transliteration: rajakeeya purohithyam
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
NEW CRITICAL ENTRY. Same grounds as holy_priesthood above, intensified by royal/kingly identity language echoing Exodus 19:6; requires the identical mandatory widening translator note at every occurrence. Occurs 1 Peter 2:9.
Bore Our Sins On The Tree
Approved rendering: പാപങ്ങളെ മരത്തിന്മേല് ചുമന്നു
Transliteration: paapangale marathinmel chumannu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Suffering
NEW CRITICAL ENTRY. Full form: അവന് തന്നെ നമ്മുടെ പാപങ്ങളെ തന്റെ ശരീരത്തില് മരത്തിന്മേല് ചുമന്നു (1 Peter 2:24). The clearest single-verse statement of substitutionary atonement in the letter; parallel in doctrinal weight to the baseline’s Critical imputed_righteousness entry. Must never be softened into a merely exemplary or sympathetic-suffering reading (‘Christ suffered along with/like us’). Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Once For All
Approved rendering: ഒരിക്കലായി
Transliteration: orikkalayi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Suffering
New Critical term (1 Peter 3:18). Preserves the non-repeatable, decisive-event force of ἅπαξ, structurally parallel to the baseline’s once-for-all resurrection framing. Must be preserved clearly at every occurrence to avoid any drift toward a repeatable-sacrifice or cyclical framing.
The Just For The Unjust
Approved rendering: നീതിമാന് അനീതിമാന്മാര്ക്കുവേണ്ടി
Transliteration: neethimaan aneethimaanmarkkuvendi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Suffering
New Critical term (1 Peter 3:18), using the [righteousness, നീതി] family. Core substitutionary statement; requires theologian review to ensure the ‘in place of’ sense is not diluted into mere solidarity.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: തടവിലുള്ള ആത്മാക്കള്
Transliteration: thadavilulla aathmaakkal
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Eschatology
New Critical, compound-risk term (1 Peter 3:19). Requires a single, fixed, documented interpretive position (most likely fallen spirits/angels associated with the days of Noah), NOT left to translator discretion. ആത്മാവ്/ആത്മാക്കള് collides with Kerala’s active folk tradition of ancestral-spirit belief, spirit-possession, and exorcism practice, risking a folk spirit-world reading rather than Peter’s historically-anchored reference. MANDATORY human theologian review at every occurrence.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: കഠിനമായ പരീക്ഷ
Transliteration: kathinamaya pareeksha
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: അഗ്നിപരീക്ഷ
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
NEW CRITICAL, DISTINCTIVE FINDING with no parallel in the baseline Romans package. A literal rendering അഗ്നിപരീക്ഷ (‘fire-test’) is the exact, well-known Malayalam/pan-Indian idiom for a severe trial of virtue or chastity, most famously Sita’s agnipareeksha in the Ramayana. Using it here would import a specific epic-mythological narrative into a Petrine persecution text. കഠിനമായ പരീക്ഷ (‘severe trial,’ avoiding അഗ്നി/fire) is REQUIRED; അഗ്നിപരീക്ഷ may only be used with a mandatory explanatory note distinguishing it from the Ramayana reference. Occurs 1 Peter 4:12. Requires theologian AND native-speaker review.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: സുവിശേഷം
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17. Risk elevated to High in this book’s registry given the doctrinal weight of 4:6’s disputed ‘preached to the dead’ context; vocabulary itself remains settled and unambiguous — the operative risk is AI-generated paraphrase drift, not competing religious vocabulary.
Grace
Approved rendering: കൃപ
Transliteration: krupa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: പുണ്യം
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12. The bhakti-tradition collision caution applies with fresh force at 5:5 (‘grace to the humble’): humility must never be reframed as a meritorious cause earning grace, but as the posture that does not obstruct grace already freely given.
Faith
Approved rendering: വിശ്വാസം
Transliteration: vishwasam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ഭക്തി
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 3:5, 5:9. Risk tier raised to High in this book’s registry given faith’s load-bearing role in the core passage (1:5-9) and 5:9’s spiritual-warfare context.
Holy
Approved rendering: പരിശുദ്ധ
Transliteration: parishudha
Doctrine: Sanctification / Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ശുദ്ധം
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:15-16 (citing Lev 11:44), 2:5, 2:9, 3:5. Risk raised to High in this book given the Leviticus-citing holiness command’s doctrinal weight in chapter 1.
Saints
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധര്
Transliteration: vishudhar
Doctrine: Sainthood
Inherited from Romans package exactly, including the inverted-narrowing caution (canonization sense vs. every-believer sense). Conceptually parallel to 1 Peter 2:9’s ‘holy nation’; compounds directly with the new holy_priesthood/royal_priesthood entries below, which intensify the same narrowing risk.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധീകരണം
Transliteration: vishudheekaranam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2, 3:15 (sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts).
Sin
Approved rendering: പാപം
Transliteration: papam
Doctrine: Sin
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:1, 4:8. Central to the substitutionary-suffering cluster at 2:24 and 3:18 (see bore_our_sins_on_the_tree, the_just_for_the_unjust).
Glory
Approved rendering: മഹത്വം
Transliteration: mahatvam
Doctrine: Glory
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:7-8, 1:11, 1:21, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10. Combines with new terms spirit_of_glory (4:14), crown_of_glory (5:4) below.
Election
Approved rendering: ദൈവത്തിന്റെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്
Transliteration: daivathinte thiranjeduppu
Doctrine: Divine Election and Calling
Rejected alternatives: വിധി, തലയെഴുത്ത്
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER വിധി or തലയെഴുത്ത്. Occurs 1 Peter 1:1-2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 as ἐκλεκτός/ἐκλογή root.
Called
Approved rendering: വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ട
Transliteration: vilikkappetta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 2:9, 2:21, 3:9.
Calling
Approved rendering: വിളി
Transliteration: vili
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:15, 5:10.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ ആത്മാവ്
Transliteration: kristuvinte aathmaavu
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Prophetic Testimony
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. Refers to the same [holy_spirit, പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവ്] identified as belonging to and testifying of Christ, who inspired the Old Testament prophets (1 Peter 1:11). Must be unambiguous that this is the one personal Holy Spirit, not a separate spirit-being attending Christ as in a polytheistic framework.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: ജീവനുള്ള പ്രത്യാശ
Transliteration: jeevanulla prathyasha
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ആശ
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
New term, core-passage anchor phrase (1 Peter 1:3; also 1:21, 3:15). പ്രത്യാശ is the established Malayalam Christian hope-term, distinct from ordinary ആശ (‘wish’). Risk is AI-drift toward a flatter word, not a competing religious term.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: ഊനമോ കളങ്കമോ ഇല്ലാത്ത കുഞ്ഞാട്
Transliteration: oonamo kalankamo illatha kunjadu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
New term (1 Peter 1:19). Vocabulary itself is long-established Malayalam Bible usage (കുഞ്ഞാട്) with no competing religious term, but the typological link to the Passover/OT sacrificial system must be preserved in teaching material; requires theologian review for doctrinal weight.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: ആത്മീയ ബലികള്
Transliteration: aathmeeya balikal
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ആത്മീയ യാഗങ്ങള്
Original: θυσίαι πνευματικαί
Category: Church
NEW FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION ENTRY. Render ആത്മീയ ബലികള്. NEVER യാഗം — the specific, well-known Vedic/Hindu fire-sacrifice term (yajña) still ceremonially practiced in Kerala. ബലി is the safer, established Malayalam Bible term for both OT sacrificial offerings and NT spiritual-sacrifice language. Occurs 1 Peter 2:5.
Chosen Generation Race
Approved rendering: തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ട വംശം
Transliteration: thiranjedukkappetta vamsham
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 2:9). വംശം denotes lineage/race/dynasty and carries residual caste/lineage connotations in Kerala’s social history. Must be clarified as a SPIRITUAL, not biological or caste, lineage. Cross-reference the baseline’s ജനതകള്/ജാതികള് caste-sensitivity rule.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധ ജനത
Transliteration: vishudha janatha
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: വിശുദ്ധ ജാതി
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 2:9). Use the ജനത/ജനതകള് family, never ജാതി, consistent with the baseline’s existing caste-sensitivity rule for ‘gentiles/nations’.
Submit Be Subject
Approved rendering: വിധേയപ്പെടുക
Transliteration: vidheyappeduka
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
New High-risk term recurring across civic (2:13), domestic master/servant (2:18), wife/husband (3:1, 3:5), and ecclesial younger/elder (5:5) contexts. Given Kerala’s own social and historical hierarchies (caste, gender, colonial administration, denominational clergy structures), readers may default to blanket, unconditional social subordination rather than Peter’s specific, bounded, gospel-motivated, Christ-patterned posture (explicitly mutual at 5:5). MANDATORY anti-abuse caution required at every occurrence in the household code (2:13-3:7).
Suffer Wrongfully For Righteousness
Approved rendering: അന്യായമായി കഷ്ടം സഹിക്കുക / നീതിക്കുവേണ്ടി കഷ്ടം സഹിക്കുക
Transliteration: anyayamayi kashtam sahikkuka / neethikkuvendi kashtam sahikkuka
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχω ἀδίκως / διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
New High-risk term, the letter’s own thematic title-phrase (1 Peter 2:19-20, 3:14, 3:17, 4:1, 4:15-16, 4:19). Direct collision with the pan-Indian and Malayalam-cultural concept of karma: popular folk reasoning widely assumes present suffering is deserved payback for past deeds. 1 Peter’s theology inverts this — suffering for righteousness is commended by God and identified with Christ’s own pattern, not a sign of hidden guilt. MANDATORY explicit inversion teaching note at every occurrence.
Shepherd And Overseer
Approved rendering: ഇടയനും അധ്യക്ഷനും
Transliteration: idayanum adhyakshanum
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ബിഷപ്പ്
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION ENTRY. NEVER ബിഷപ്പ് — ἐπίσκοπος is the same root underlying the institutional office-title ‘bishop’ in Kerala’s Orthodox, Catholic, and Anglican-descended traditions; applying it directly to Christ would confusingly subordinate his unique headship to a human-office category. Use functional അധ്യക്ഷന്/മേല്വിചാരകന്. Occurs 1 Peter 2:25; the same caution applies to the related verb at 5:2 (see shepherd_exercise_oversight).
Domestic Lord
Approved rendering: നാഥന്
Transliteration: naathan
Doctrine: Household Relationships and Marriage / Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: കര്ത്താവ്
Original: κύριος (domestic sense)
Category: Household
NEW FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION ENTRY. Deliberately NOT കര്ത്താവ് — using it here would confusingly apply Christ’s exclusive divine title to a human husband. Occurs 1 Peter 3:6, Sarah’s address of Abraham as a domestic-respect illustration, NOT a theological Lordship claim about Abraham.
Proclaimed Preached To Spirits
Approved rendering: പ്രഘോഷിച്ചു
Transliteration: praghoshichu
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Eschatology
New term (1 Peter 3:19). Must not imply a post-mortem ‘second chance’ gospel offer to the dead, a reading inconsistent with the letter’s teaching elsewhere (4:17-18). Align with the fixed exegetical position adopted for the whole 3:19/4:6 passage cluster.
Gospel Preached To The Dead
Approved rendering: മരിച്ചവരോടു സുവിശേഷം അറിയിക്കപ്പെട്ടു
Transliteration: marichavarodu suvisesham arriyikkappettu
Doctrine: Judgment and the Gospel Preached to the Dead
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Eschatology
New term (1 Peter 4:6). Shares the same exegetical-complexity grounds as spirits_in_prison (3:19); must be resolved via one documented theological position applied consistently, not left to translator discretion.
Oracles Of God
Approved rendering: ദൈവത്തിന്റെ വാക്യങ്ങള്
Transliteration: daivathinte vaakyangal
Doctrine: Spirit-Led Authoritative Speech (Oracles of God)
Rejected alternatives: അരുളപ്പാട്
Original: λόγια Θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW FORBIDDEN-SUBSTITUTION ENTRY. NEVER അരുളപ്പാട് — the specific, well-known term in Kerala’s Hindu temple tradition for the oracular utterance delivered by a വെളിച്ചപ്പാട് (trance-possessed temple oracle-medium). Using it would frame the church’s Spirit-given speech through the image of trance-based oracular possession, doctrinally and phenomenologically foreign to 1 Peter’s meaning. Occurs 1 Peter 4:11.
Not Domineering But Examples
Approved rendering: അധികാരം പ്രയോഗിക്കാതെ മാതൃകയായി
Transliteration: adhikaram prayogikkathe maathrukayaayi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μὴ κατακυριεύοντες…τύποι
Category: Church
New High-risk term (1 Peter 5:3). Directly relevant to Kerala’s institutionally powerful, sometimes wealthy church leadership structures (schools, hospitals, denominational hierarchies); this text’s warnings against exploitative or domineering leadership must be translated at full force, not softened out of institutional deference.
Medium Risk Terms
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ആത്മീയവരങ്ങള്
Transliteration: atmeeya varangal
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: വരം
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly; singular form ആത്മീയവരം used at 1 Peter 4:10. Always pair with ആത്മീയ, never വരം alone, to avoid the Hindu deity-grants-a-boon folklore association.
Church
Approved rendering: സഭ
Transliteration: sabha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: അമ്പലം
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 Peter, pair with ദൈവജനം and ആത്മീയ ഭവനം (spiritual house, 2:5) to render the letter’s λαός/οἶκος imagery; never confuse with a literal church building (പള്ളി).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ജനതകള്
Transliteration: janathakal
Doctrine: Gentile Identity and the Believer’s Former Life
Rejected alternatives: ജാതികള്
Inherited from Romans package exactly. NEVER ജാതികള്. Occurs 1 Peter 2:12, 4:3. Note the referent shift for this book: here the sense is ‘unbelieving society observing the church’s conduct,’ not the Jew/Gentile salvation-history sense of Romans 9-11 — flag this nuance for translators while keeping the same safe term.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: വിശ്വാസത്തിന്റെ അനുസരണം
Transliteration: vishwasathinte anusaranam
Doctrine: Sanctification and Obedience
Rejected alternatives: മതപരമായ കടമ
Inherited from Romans package exactly; underlying root അനുസരണം reused generally in 1 Peter for ‘obedience’ at 1:2 (obedience to Jesus Christ), 1:14 (obedient children), 1:22 (having obeyed the truth) — obedience flowing from faith and truth, not generic religious duty.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ദൈവത്തിന്റെ ശക്തി
Transliteration: daivathinte shakthi
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:5 (guarded by the power of God unto salvation).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: അനന്തരാവകാശം
Transliteration: anantharaavakaasham
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term (1 Peter 1:4). Cross-reference baseline’s adoption doctrine (ദത്തുപുത്രത്വം), which already carries ‘complete inheritance rights’ — 1 Peter extends that Romans doctrine; note the continuity in teaching material.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: അക്ഷയമായ
Transliteration: akshayamaayi
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation
New term (1 Peter 1:4, 1:18, 1:23, 3:4). അക്ഷയ carries Hindu mythic-inexhaustibility resonance in Malayalam (Akshaya Tritiya, the akshaya patra of the Mahabharata). Keep doctrinal framing plain — imperishable because kept by God, not an inherent magical property.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: പരീക്ഷ
Transliteration: pareeksha
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
New term (1 Peter 1:6). പരീക്ഷ is Malayalam’s everyday word for an academic exam; risk of trivializing covenantal testing into a pass/fail exam framework, especially for younger readers. Pair with a metal-refining teaching image, not an exam image.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: ശോധന
Transliteration: shodhana
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
New term (1 Peter 1:7). Shares the പരീക്ഷ exam-register risk noted above; pair with a gold-refining image rather than an exam-pass image.
Rejoice Exult
Approved rendering: ഉല്ലസിക്കുന്നു
Transliteration: ullasikkunnu
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀγαλλιάω
Category: Faith
New term (1 Peter 1:6, 1:8). ആനന്ദിക്കുന്നു acceptable as a lower-register variant; ആനന്ദം’s Vedantic-bliss resonance is mitigated by extremely common secular/Christian usage, parallel to the baseline’s ശക്തി downgrade logic.
Souls
Approved rendering: പ്രാണന്
Transliteration: praanan
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ആത്മാവ്
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
New term, fixed consistency ruling (1 Peter 1:9, 1:22, 3:20). Render ψυχή as പ്രാണന് / ജീവന്, NEVER ആത്മാവ്. Reserve ആത്മാവ് exclusively for πνεῦμα-contexts (including the Critical Holy Spirit term) to avoid conflating soul and Spirit vocabulary — ആത്മാവ് is also philosophically loaded as the Hindu ātman.
Mercy
Approved rendering: കരുണ
Transliteration: karuna
Doctrine: Mercy and God’s Compassion
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New term (1 Peter 1:3, 2:10). കരുണ is also a major term in Buddhist and Hindu ethical vocabulary (compassion as a cultivated virtue). In 1 Peter, mercy at 1:3/2:10 is God’s own initiating disposition toward the undeserving, distinct from the ethical virtue of compassion practiced toward others at 3:8. Translator note recommended distinguishing the two senses.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: പ്രവാസികള്
Transliteration: pravasikal
Doctrine: Church as God’s People / Holiness in Conduct
Original: παρεπίδημοι διασπορᾶς
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11). പ്രവാസി overwhelmingly denotes Kerala’s contemporary Gulf/overseas migrant-worker diaspora — a powerful positive cultural bridge (homesickness mirrors eschatological longing) but requires a translator note so readers do not read the term as merely socio-economic rather than theological exile.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: മുന്നറിവ്
Transliteration: munnarivu
Doctrine: Divine Election and Calling
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Salvation
New term (1 Peter 1:2, 1:20). Must be distinguished from Malayalam popular fatalism and astrological ‘foreknowing’ (ജ്യോത്സ്യം); cf. baseline’s distinction between പ്രവാചകന് and ജ്യോത്സ്യന്.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: രക്തത്തിന്റെ തളിക്കല്
Transliteration: rakthathinte thalikkal
Doctrine: Covenant background to Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
New term (1 Peter 1:2). Old Testament covenant-ratification image (Exodus 24). Requires a teaching note so it is not read as generic ritual purification detached from covenant theology.
Church Gods People
Approved rendering: സഭ / ദൈവജനം
Transliteration: sabha / daivajanam
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: λαός / οἶκος
Category: Church
New compound usage extending [church, സഭ]. Render λαός/οἶκος imagery with ദൈവജനം (God’s people) and ആത്മീയ ഭവനം (spiritual house, 2:5) alongside സഭ. Occurs 2:5, 2:9-10, 4:17. Must not be confused with a literal church building (പള്ളി).
Peoples For Gods Own Possession
Approved rendering: സ്വന്തജനം
Transliteration: svanthajanam
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 2:9). Low-medium risk; standard vocabulary.
By His Wounds Healed
Approved rendering: സൗഖ്യം പ്രാപിച്ചു
Transliteration: saukhyam praapichu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τῷ μώλωπι ἰάθητε
Category: Suffering
New term (1 Peter 2:24), full form അവന്റെ മുറിവുകളാല് നിങ്ങള് സൗഖ്യം പ്രാപിച്ചു. In Kerala’s large Pentecostal/charismatic sector, ‘healed’ (സൗഖ്യം) carries strong contemporary physical/faith-healing associations. Teaching notes should clarify Peter’s primary reference (following Isaiah 53) is healing from sin’s dominion, without denying physical-healing theology may also draw on this verse.
Gentle And Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: സൗമ്യവും ശാന്തവുമായ മനോഭാവം
Transliteration: saumyavum shanthavumaya manobhaavam
Doctrine: Household Relationships and Marriage
Original: πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Household
New term (1 Peter 3:4). Pastoral-sensitivity risk (not primarily religious-syncretism): must be taught as inner Christlike character, never as a mandate for enforced silence, passivity, or suppression of a wife’s voice/agency.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: ബലഹീനമായ പാത്രം
Transliteration: balaheenamaya paathram
Doctrine: Household Relationships and Marriage
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Household
New term (1 Peter 3:7). Requires an explicit teaching note that this denotes social/physical vulnerability calling for honor and protection, not spiritual or essential inferiority — balanced by the same verse’s ‘joint heirs of the grace of life.‘
Saved Through Water
Approved rendering: വെള്ളത്തിലൂടെ രക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടു
Transliteration: vellathiloode rakshikkappettu
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: διασῴζω διὰ ὕδατος
Category: Salvation
New term (1 Peter 3:20), using [salvation, രക്ഷ]. Distinguish this typological, one-time, Christ-accomplished salvation from Kerala’s own ritual sacred-water bathing/purification practice for merit (temple kulam bathing tanks).
Baptism Antitype
Approved rendering: സ്നാനം
Transliteration: snaanam
Doctrine: Baptism and the Appeal of a Good Conscience
Original: βάπτισμα / ἀντίτυπον
Category: Salvation
New term, vocabulary itself established and ecumenically shared (1 Peter 3:21), but doctrinally sensitive given Kerala’s differing baptismal theologies (infant baptism as covenant sign in Orthodox/Catholic/Marthoma traditions vs. believer’s immersion baptism in Pentecostal/Baptist/Evangelical traditions). The verse’s own clarification (‘not the removal of dirt from the body but an appeal to God for a good conscience’) must be preserved precisely.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: വിഗ്രഹാരാധന
Transliteration: vigrahaaraadhana
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
New term, established and settled (1 Peter 4:3), but directly names a devotional practice actively practiced by Kerala’s majority Hindu community today. Tone must remain descriptive of the text’s own historical argument (contrasting a believer’s former life), in the formal ecumenical register required throughout, not a live polemic against neighbors.
Partake Of Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ കഷ്ടങ്ങളില് കൂട്ടായ്മ
Transliteration: kristuvinte kashtangalil koottayma
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνέω τοῖς πάθεσιν
Category: Suffering
New term (1 Peter 4:13), using [fellowship, കൂട്ടായ്മ]. Vocabulary settled; doctrinal weight elevated by context — suffering itself becomes a form of κοινωνία with Christ.
Spirit Of Glory
Approved rendering: മഹത്വത്തിന്റെ ആത്മാവ്
Transliteration: mahathvathinte aathmaavu
Doctrine: Suffering as a Christian and the Spirit of Glory
Original: πνεῦμα τῆς δόξης
Category: God
New term (1 Peter 4:14), combining [glory, മഹത്വം] with [holy_spirit, പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവ്]. Must be clearly identified as the SAME, one Holy Spirit, not a separate ‘glory-spirit’ entity.
Elders
Approved rendering: മൂപ്പന്മാര്
Transliteration: moopanmaar
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 5:1, 5:5). The established Malayalam Christian office-term (distinct from പുരോഹിതന്/priest and ബിഷപ്പ്/bishop), but മൂപ്പന് also carries a secular sense of ‘elder/senior/village-community leader’ in Kerala’s traditional community and caste-community structures. Translator notes should keep clear that Peter addresses a recognized church office defined by pastoral function, not general seniority or hereditary community-elder status.
Shepherd Exercise Oversight
Approved rendering: മേല്നോട്ടം വഹിക്കുക
Transliteration: melnottam vahikkuka
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ബിഷപ്പ്
Original: ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 5:2), same root as shepherd_and_overseer at 2:25. Avoid the institutional ബിഷപ്പ് title-word; use functional oversight language.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: മുഖ്യഇടയന്
Transliteration: mukhya idayan
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποιμήν
Category: Christology
New term (1 Peter 5:4). Must remain clearly distinct from any human ‘senior/head pastor’ honorific title used within a given Kerala congregation or denomination; reserve exclusively for Christ.
Devil Adversary
Approved rendering: പിശാച്
Transliteration: pisaachu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Adversary
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term (1 Peter 5:8). Established, standard Malayalam Christian term for the personal devil/Satan; must be kept terminologically distinct in teaching material from Kerala folk-belief categories of malevolent ghosts/spirits (ഭൂതം, പ്രേതം) and from possession-and-exorcism folk practice.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: സ്നേഹത്തിന്റെ ചുംബനം
Transliteration: snehathinte chumbanam
Doctrine: Christian Unity and Community Character
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 5:14). Mainly a cultural-equivalence translation choice; recommend a translator/teaching note offering a culturally natural equivalent greeting practice (a handshake or embrace) while preserving the underlying holy, non-romantic sense.
Flesh
Approved rendering: ജഡം
Transliteration: jadam
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: σάρξ
Category: Christology
New term (1 Peter 3:18, 4:1-2, 4:6). Standard, settled Malayalam Bible term for human/bodily nature. Primary risk is interpretive-complexity (the σάρξ/πνεῦμα contrast in 3:18 is exegetically disputed) — apply the same fixed exegetical position documented for spirits_in_prison, not a competing-religious-term risk.
Low Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: സമാധാനം
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 1:2 (greeting), 3:11 (quoting Psalm 34), 5:14 (closing).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: കൂട്ടായ്മ
Transliteration: koottayma
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: സൗഹൃദം
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 4:13 in the compound ‘partake of Christ’s sufferings’ (see partake_of_christs_sufferings entry below).
Prophet
Approved rendering: പ്രവാചകന്
Transliteration: pravachakan
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ജ്യോത്സ്യന്
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Plural പ്രവാചകന്മാര് occurs 1 Peter 1:10-12; do not confuse with ജ്യോത്സ്യന് (astrologer), a live risk given foreknowledge/foreknew language nearby.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: പ്രവചനം
Transliteration: pravachanam
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Exhort
Approved rendering: പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുക
Transliteration: prothsahippikkuka
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs 1 Peter 5:1, 5:12.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: വെളിപ്പാട്
Transliteration: velippaadu
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
New term (1 Peter 1:7, 1:13). Established term (cf. the Malayalam name of the Book of Revelation); keep distinct from generic ‘spiritual awakening/enlightenment’ vocabulary of other traditions’ devotional literature.
Living Stone Cornerstone
Approved rendering: ജീവനുള്ള കല്ല് / മൂലക്കല്ല്
Transliteration: jeevanulla kallu / moolakkallu
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν / ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Christology
New term (1 Peter 2:4, 2:6-8). Established, low-ambiguity architectural metaphor for Christ as the church’s foundation.
Conduct
Approved rendering: ജീവിതരീതി / നടപ്പ്
Transliteration: jeevithareethi / nadappu
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
New term, recurring theme across the whole letter (1 Peter 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16). Standard vocabulary.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: മാതൃക
Transliteration: maathruka
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Suffering
New term (1 Peter 2:21). Low ambiguity.
Defense Answer
Approved rendering: പ്രതിവാദം
Transliteration: prathivaadam
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Suffering
New term (1 Peter 3:15). Standard vocabulary for a reasoned defense/account.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: നല്ല മനഃസാക്ഷി
Transliteration: nalla manasakshi
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Faith
New term (1 Peter 3:16, 3:21). Established, low-ambiguity term.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: അതിഥിസത്കാരം
Transliteration: athithisathkaram
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Christian Ministry
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 4:9). A highly valued, culturally resonant Kerala virtue with no collision risk.
Christian Self Designation
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്ത്യാനി
Transliteration: kristyaani
Doctrine: Suffering as a Christian and the Spirit of Glory
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
New term (1 Peter 4:16). Long-established, universally recognized Malayalam term.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: വിശ്വസ്തനായ സ്രഷ്ടാവ്
Transliteration: vishwasthanaya srashtaavu
Doctrine: Judgment Beginning at God’s House
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
New term (1 Peter 4:19), using [faith family, വിശ്വസ്ത]. Standard vocabulary.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: മഹത്വത്തിന്റെ കിരീടം
Transliteration: mahathvathinte kireedam
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
New term (1 Peter 5:4), using [glory, മഹത്വം]. Low risk; the eschatological reward for faithful elders.
Clothed With Humility
Approved rendering: താഴ്മ ധരിക്കുക
Transliteration: thaazhma dharikkuka
Doctrine: Mutual Submission and Grace to the Humble
Original: ἐγκομβόομαι τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην
Category: Sanctification
New term (1 Peter 5:5). Echoes Christ’s own servant-posture (cf. John 13’s foot-washing).
Referenced passages