Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians → Malayalam
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all 13 chapters of 2 Corinthians. Terms marked [Baseline reuse] already exist in the Romans-package translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there — no alternative renderings are proposed for these in this document. Terms marked [New — 2 Corinthians] are proposed additions for translation_memory.json update in Phase 1 Step 8 finalization, risk-tiered using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no changes)
| English Term | Malayalam Rendering | Risk (per baseline) | Primary 2 Corinthians Passages |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | സുവിശേഷം | Medium/High | 2:12; 4:3-4; 9:13; 10:14; 11:4 |
| grace | കൃപ | High | 1:12; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1,9; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 |
| faith | വിശ്വാസം | Medium | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 10:15; 13:5 |
| righteousness | നീതി | High | 3:9; 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 |
| justification (forensic concept, implicit) | നീതീകരണം | Critical | 5:21 (imputation logic) |
| imputed_righteousness | ആരോപിതനീതി | Critical | 5:21 |
| salvation | രക്ഷ | High | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 |
| apostle | അപ്പോസ്തലന് | Low | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 |
| called / calling | വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ട / വിളി | Medium/High | (implicit throughout apostolic self-references) |
| holy | പരിശുദ്ധ | Medium | 1:1; 7:1; 13:12 |
| saints | വിശുദ്ധര് | High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 |
| sanctification | വിശുദ്ധീകരണം | Medium | 7:1 |
| resurrection | ഉയിര്ത്തെഴുന്നേല്പ്പ് | Critical | 4:14; 5:15 |
| lord | കര്ത്താവ് | Critical | 1:2-3,14; 3:17-18; 4:5,14; 5:6-8,11; 8:9,19,21; 10:8,17-18; 11:31; 13:14 |
| son_of_god | ദൈവപുത്രന് | Critical | 1:19 |
| incarnation | മാംസധാരണം | Critical | 8:9 (conceptual link) |
| peace | സമാധാനം | Low | 13:11 |
| thanksgiving | കൃതജ്ഞത | Low | 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-12 |
| fellowship | കൂട്ടായ്മ | Low | 8:4; 9:13; 13:14 |
| church | സഭ | Medium | 1:1; 8:1,18-19,23-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 |
| law | ന്യായപ്രമാണം | Medium | 3:7 (old covenant background) |
| sin | പാപം | Medium | 5:19,21 |
| glory | മഹത്വം | Medium | 3:7-11,18; 4:4,6,17 |
| power_of_god | ദൈവത്തിന്റെ ശക്തി | Medium | 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 |
| messiah / christ | ക്രിസ്തു | Critical | throughout (e.g. 1:1,5,19; 5:10,14-21; 11:2-4,13; 13:14) |
| covenant | ഉടമ്പടി | Medium | 3:6,14 |
| jesus | യേശു | Critical | throughout (e.g. 1:1,14,19; 4:5,10-11,14; 11:4; 13:14) |
| god | ദൈവം | Medium | throughout |
| holy_spirit | പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവ് | Critical | 1:22; 3:3,6,8,17-18; 5:5; 13:14 |
| father | പിതാവ് | Critical | 1:2-3; 6:18 |
| exhort | പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുക / അപേക്ഷിക്കുക | Low | 1:4-6; 2:7-8; 5:20; 13:11 |
| church_as_gods_people (concept) | ദൈവജനമായ സഭ | Medium | 6:16 (temple imagery) |
B. New Terms Proposed for 2 Corinthians (translation_memory.json additions)
| English Term | Malayalam Rendering | Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reconciliation / reconcile | നിരപ്പ് | nirappu | Reconciliation with God | Critical | അനുരഞ്ജനം (acceptable modern-register gloss only, not the required Bible-study term) | INVERTED RISK pattern (cf. baseline “saints”): നിരപ്പ് is also Kerala’s everyday word for a human-negotiated dispute settlement (land/business disputes). Translator notes must state God, not humanity, is the initiator (2 Cor 5:18). |
| new creation | പുതിയ സൃഷ്ടി | puthiya srishti | New Creation in Christ | Critical | — | Must be taught as a once-for-all, Christ-secured new identity, not a repeatable devotional state or a stage in a cycle of rebirths. |
| ministry of reconciliation | നിരപ്പിന്റെ ശുശ്രൂഷ | nirappinte shushrusha | Reconciliation with God | Critical | — | Compound of നിരപ്പ് (Critical, see above) + ശുശ്രൂഷ (Medium); render identically wherever it recurs across curriculum documents. |
| made [him] to be sin | പാപം ആക്കി | papam aakki | Reconciliation with God | Critical | — | Christ’s sinlessness (explicit in the same verse, 5:21) must always be affirmed alongside this phrase in teaching material to prevent a heretical reading of Christ’s nature becoming sinful. |
| ambassador | സ്ഥാനാപതി | sthanapathi | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Medium | — | Established Malayalam Bible term (Satyavedapustakam, 2 Cor 5:20); delegated, non-self-originated authority must remain clear. |
| new covenant | പുതിയ ഉടമ്പടി | puthiya udampadi | The New Covenant versus the Old | High | — | Compound of established ഉടമ്പടി (Medium, baseline) + പുതിയ; must not imply the old covenant/law was itself worthless. |
| letter (vs. Spirit) | അക്ഷരം | aksharam | The New Covenant versus the Old | Medium | — | Ordinary word for “written character/letter”; context alone carries the letter-vs-Spirit contrast. |
| veil | മൂടുപടം | moodupadam | The New Covenant versus the Old | Medium | — | Both literal (Moses) and spiritual-blindness senses present in ch.3. |
| judgment seat of Christ | ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ ന്യായാസനം | kristuvinte nyayasanam | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | High | — | Must be distinguished from justification (already secured by faith); this is a subsequent evaluation of works/ministry. |
| weakness | ബലഹീനത | balaheenatha | Power in Weakness | High | — | Doctrinally loaded despite ordinary vocabulary; must not be softened when paired with “power made perfect” (12:9). |
| power made perfect in weakness | ബലഹീനതയില് ശക്തി പൂര്ണ്ണമാകുന്നു | balaheenathayil shakthi poornamaakunnu | Power in Weakness | Critical | — | The paradox is power specifically through, not despite, weakness; must not flatten into a generic “God helps the weak” platitude. |
| false apostles | കള്ള അപ്പോസ്തലന്മാര് | kalla appostalanmar | Genuine versus False Apostleship | Critical | — | Negates the baseline’s uniquely low-ambiguity അപ്പോസ്തലന്; the negation itself (deliberate deception, not mere disagreement) must be unmistakable. |
| angel of light | വെളിച്ചത്തിന്റെ ദൂതന് | velichathinte dhoothan | Genuine versus False Apostleship | High | — | Must be clearly marked as Satan’s deceptive disguise (11:14), not a genuine angelic appearance. |
| super-apostles | അതിശ്രേഷ്ഠ അപ്പോസ്തലന്മാര് | athishreshta appostalanmar | Genuine versus False Apostleship | Medium | — | Paul’s ironic label; sarcastic tone must survive translation. |
| another Jesus / different spirit / different gospel | വേറൊരു യേശു / വേറൊരു ആത്മാവ് / വേറൊരു സുവിശേഷം | veroru yeshu / veroru aathmaavu / veroru suvisesham | Genuine versus False Apostleship | Critical | — | Negates baseline Critical terms jesus and gospel; the counterfeit framing must remain sharp. |
| grace (as generosity/the collection) | കൃപ | krupa | Generosity and Grace in Giving | High (per baseline grace entry) | — | Same term as baseline “grace”; chs. 8-9 apply it to financial generosity — must not drift toward a merit/daana-style giving-for-credit framing. |
| equality (in giving) | സമത്വം | samatvam | Generosity and Grace in Giving | High | — | Resonates directly with Kerala’s own internal caste-heritage stratification within Malayalam Christianity (per baseline universal_scope_of_gospel/unity_of_jews_and_gentiles); treat as a live internal-church matter. |
| though rich, became poor | ധനവാനായിരുന്നിട്ടും ദരിദ്രനായി | dhanavanayirunnittum dharidranayi | Generosity and Grace in Giving | High | — | A real incarnational claim (cf. baseline incarnation doctrine, Critical), not merely a fundraising illustration. |
| cheerful giver | ഉല്ലാസത്തോടെ കൊടുക്കുന്നവന് | ullaasathode koduക്kunnavan | Generosity and Grace in Giving | Low-Medium | — | — |
| sow / reap (generosity) | വിതയ്ക്കുന്നു / കൊയ്യുന്നു | vithaykkunnu / koyyunnu | Generosity and Grace in Giving | Medium | — | Guard against a “give to get” prosperity-transaction reading. |
| guarantee / down payment (of the Spirit) | അച്ചാരം | achcharam | New Creation in Christ (assurance) | Medium-High | ഈട് (less commonly used alternative) | അച്ചാരം is a concrete Kerala real-estate/commercial term (earnest money); risk is category-transfer, not syncretism — ensure the Spirit’s guarantee is understood as divinely certain, not merely a commercial pledge. |
| seal (of ownership) | മുദ്ര | mudra | New Creation in Christ (assurance) | Low | — | — |
| sincerity / simplicity | പരമാര്ത്ഥത / ലാളിത്യം | paramaarthatha / laalithyam | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Medium | ഭക്തി (rejected — reserved for Hindu devotional reverence per baseline) | Two related but distinct Greek terms (εἰλικρίνεια / ἁπλότης); keep distinguishable where both occur. |
| godly grief | ദൈവഹിതപ്രകാരമുള്ള ദുഃഖം | daivahithaprakaramulla duhkham | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Medium-High | ഭക്ത്യാധിഷ്ഠിത ദുഃഖം (rejected — ഭക്തി-compound risks devotional-emotion framing) | Distinguish from worldly grief; produces repentance and life, not death (7:10). |
| repentance | മാനസാന്തരം | manasantharam | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Medium | — | — |
| temple of the living God | ജീവനുള്ള ദൈവത്തിന്റെ ആലയം | jeevanulla daivathinte aalayam | Church as God’s People (extension) | High | അമ്പലം (forbidden — Hindu temple term, per baseline “church” entry) | Same discipline as baseline’s church/അമ്പലം prohibition must extend to this term. |
| unequal yoke | നുകം | nukam | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Medium | — | Natural Kerala agrarian image; ensure the application is not narrowed to marriage alone. |
| Belial | ബെലീയാല് | Beliyaal | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Low-Medium | — | Transliterated proper noun; needs a brief explanatory gloss identifying it with Satan. |
| sons and daughters | പുത്രന്മാരും പുത്രിമാരും | puthranmarum puthrimarum | New Creation in Christ (adoption extension) | Medium | മക്കള് alone (rejected as too generic — Greek explicitly names both genders) | Preserve dual-gender wording. |
| tent / tabernacle (body) | കൂടാരം | koodaram | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | Medium | — | — |
| judgment seat / eternal weight of glory / outer-inner man / jars of clay / image of God | (see ch.4-5 table, 07_semantic_analysis.md) | — | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Power in Weakness | Medium-Critical (image of God) | — | ദൈവത്തിന്റെ പ്രതിരൂപം (image of God, 4:4) tiered Critical: must not soften Christ’s co-equal, exact divine image into a merely honorary reflection. |
| triumphal procession | ജയോത്സവയാത്ര | jayotsavayaathra | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | Medium-High | — | ഉത്സവം (festival) carries strong Hindu temple-festival association in Kerala (e.g. Thrissur Pooram); context must keep the Roman military-triumph sense clear, not a devotional festival sense. |
| fragrance / aroma (of Christ) | സൗരഭ്യം / മണം | saurabhyam / manam | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | Medium | — | Requires paired vocabulary since Malayalam lacks a single word spanning both the pleasant and repellent senses of the Greek image (2:15-16). |
| transformed (into his likeness) | രൂപാന്തരപ്പെടുന്നു | roopaantharappedunnu | New Creation in Christ | Medium | അവതാരം (forbidden by association — must not evoke shape-shifting/avatar transformation, per baseline incarnation discipline) | Shares its root with “transfiguration” in the Gospels; keep the sanctification sense (gradual Christlikeness) distinct from any avatar-transformation idea. |
| Christ in you | ക്രിസ്തു നിങ്ങളില് | kristu ningalil | New Creation in Christ | High (per baseline christian_identity_in_christ) | — | — |
| holy kiss | വിശുദ്ധചുംബനം | vishudha chumbanam | Church as God’s People (extension) | Medium | — | Cultural-adaptation note, not doctrinal: literal kissing is not customary Malayalam greeting practice; explain original context rather than mandating literal replication in application. |
| grace, love, fellowship (Trinitarian benediction) | കൃപയും സ്നേഹവും കൂട്ടായ്മയും | krupayum snehavum koottaymayum | New Covenant / all eight core doctrines (closing summary) | Critical | — | Consistency-critical, like Romans 8:28/10:9-10 in the baseline: render identically every time this benediction (13:14) recurs across curriculum documents. |
| examine yourselves | നിങ്ങളെത്തന്നെ പരിശോധിക്കുവിന് | ningaleth-thanne parishodhikkuvin | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Low-Medium | — | — |
| meekness and gentleness of Christ | ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ സൗമ്യതയും ദയയും | kristuvinte saumyathayum dayayum | Genuine versus False Apostleship | Low-Medium | — | — |
| weapons of warfare / strongholds | യുദ്ധായുധങ്ങള് / കോട്ടകള് | yudhaayudhangal / kottakal | Genuine versus False Apostleship | Medium | — | Metaphorical spiritual warfare, not literal or political conflict. |
| boast (positive, “in the Lord”) / boast (negative, self-commendation) | പ്രശംസ | prashamsa | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Medium | — | Same Malayalam term serves both positive and negative senses (context-dependent); track per occurrence. |
| paradise / third heaven | പറുദീസ / മൂന്നാം സ്വര്ഗ്ഗം | paradeesa / moonnaam swargam | Power in Weakness | Medium | — | പറുദീസ is a distinctly Christian-Biblical transliteration (cf. Luke 23:43), low syncretism risk. |
| thorn in the flesh / messenger of Satan | ജഡത്തിലെ മുള്ള് / സാത്താന്റെ ദൂതന് | jadathile mullu / sathante dhoothan | Power in Weakness | Medium/High | — | Read within the frame of God’s sovereign providence (baseline providence doctrine, Medium); not dualism. |
| sufficiency | പ്രാപ്തി | praapthi | Power in Weakness / Generosity | Low-Medium | — | — |
| signs of a true apostle | അപ്പോസ്തലന്റെ അടയാളങ്ങള് | appostalante adayaalangal | Genuine versus False Apostleship | Low-Medium | — | — |
| collection for the saints | വിശുദ്ധര്ക്കുവേണ്ടിയുള്ള ധനശേഖരണം | vishudharkkuvendiyulla dhanashekharanam | Generosity and Grace in Giving | Medium | — | Reuses baseline saints = വിശുദ്ധര് (High); reinforces the baseline’s warning that Kerala readers may default to a narrow, canonization-flavored sense — here applied to a concrete material-aid context to ordinary believers in Jerusalem. |
C. Risk Summary for 2 Corinthians New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 10 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 4 | Human theologian (recommended) or native speaker with theologian spot-check |
| Medium | 16 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 8 | Automated or native speaker review |
D. Cross-Cutting Notes for Phase 2 Preparation
- നിരപ്പ് (reconciliation) is the single highest-priority new term for this curriculum. It anchors the core passage and the Reconciliation with God doctrine, and it carries a genuine inversion risk (mundane dispute-settlement association) requiring explicit translator notes on every occurrence, not just a glossary entry.
- The 5:21 substitutionary clause (“made him to be sin… the righteousness of God”) is the single densest theological sentence in the book for Malayalam rendering purposes and must be treated as a unit, not translated term-by-term without cross-checking the whole clause’s forensic logic.
- Grace (കൃപ) recurs in an economic-generosity sense across chs. 8–9 that the Romans baseline did not need to address; this is a genuine extension of the baseline’s bhakti-collision warning into a new context (giving-as-merit) and should be flagged accordingly in Phase 2 review routing.
- Equality/no-distinction language (ch. 8’s ἰσότης, echoing the baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles concerns) touches Kerala’s own internal Christian caste history directly through a concrete economic-generosity argument, not only an abstract doctrinal claim — this is a heightened, not diminished, version of the baseline’s flagged concern.
- 13:14’s Trinitarian benediction should be treated with the same cross-document consistency discipline the baseline applies to Romans 8:28 and 10:9–10.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: നീതി
Transliteration: neethi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ധര്മ്മം
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Never ധര്മ്മം. Reaches its highest doctrinal density in 2 Corinthians 5:21: ‘the righteousness of God’ received ‘in him’ is credited status, not moral achievement.
Justification
Approved rendering: നീതീകരണം
Transliteration: neetheekaranam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ക്ഷമ ലഭിക്കല്
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Underlies the forensic logic of 5:21 even though the noun form does not recur verbatim; must be distinguished from the separate accountability concept of the judgment seat of Christ (5:10).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: ആരോപിതനീതി
Transliteration: aropithaneethi
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: സമ്പാദിച്ച നീതി
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (concept applied to 2 Cor 5:21’s ἵνα… γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. 2 Corinthians 5:21 is the New Testament’s clearest parallel to Romans 4’s imputation logic, expressed as a double transaction: Christ’s sin-bearing and the believer’s righteousness-receiving.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ഉയിര്ത്തെഴുന്നേല്പ്പ്
Transliteration: uyirthezhunnelppu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: പുനര്ജന്മം
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. NEVER പുനര്ജന്മം. Occurs at 4:14 and as the participle ‘raised’ (ἐγερθέντι) directly within the core passage, 5:15.
Lord
Approved rendering: കര്ത്താവ്
Transliteration: karthavu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Frequent throughout (1:2-3,14; 3:17-18; 4:5,14; 5:6-8,11; 8:9,19,21; 10:8,17-18; 11:31; 13:14, the Trinitarian benediction).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ദൈവപുത്രന്
Transliteration: daivaputhran
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ദേവപുത്രന്
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 1:19 in the affirmation of Christ’s unwavering ‘Yes.‘
Incarnation
Approved rendering: മാംസധാരണം
Transliteration: mamsadharanam
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: അവതാരം
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (conceptual; cf. 2 Cor 8:9)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. NEVER അവതാരം. 2 Corinthians 8:9’s ‘though rich, he became poor’ is a real incarnational claim grounded in this doctrine, not a fundraising illustration.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തു
Transliteration: kristu
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs throughout, including the core passage (5:10,14-21) and the false-Christ warning of 11:2-4.
Jesus
Approved rendering: യേശു
Transliteration: yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The counterfeit-Christ warning of 11:4 (‘another Jesus’) negates this Critical term and must be rendered with full alarm intact.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവ്
Transliteration: parishudhathmavu
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ബ്രഹ്മം, പരമാത്മാവ്
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. In chapter 3, translators must judge per-occurrence whether πνεῦμα denotes the Holy Spirit personally (use this term) or the covenant’s animating principle (use ആത്മാവ് alone).
Father
Approved rendering: പിതാവ്
Transliteration: pithavu
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 1:2-3 (‘Father of mercies’) and 6:18.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: നിരപ്പ്
Transliteration: nirappu
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: അനുരഞ്ജനം (acceptable modern-register explanatory gloss only, not the required Bible-study term)
Original: καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
New term for this curriculum. INVERTED RISK parallel to the baseline’s ‘saints’ entry: നിരപ്പ് is also Kerala’s everyday word for a human-negotiated dispute settlement (land/business disputes). Translator notes must state explicitly that God, not humanity, is the initiator and sole agent (2 Cor 5:18a, 5:19a). NEVER render as a mutual, human-brokered truce.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: നിരപ്പിന്റെ ശുശ്രൂഷ
Transliteration: nirappinte shushrusha
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἡ διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
New term for this curriculum. Compound of Critical നിരപ്പ് plus baseline-consistent ശുശ്രൂഷ (ministry, Medium). Render identically every time it recurs across curriculum documents, per the doctrinal-title discipline applied to Romans 8:28/10:9-10.
Message Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: നിരപ്പിന്റെ വാക്ക്
Transliteration: nirappinte vaakku
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
New term for this curriculum. Shares the same നിരപ്പ് risk profile; render consistently throughout as the content of the gospel proclamation entrusted to believers.
Be Reconciled Imperative
Approved rendering: നിരപ്പു പ്രാപിക്കുവിന്
Transliteration: nirappu praapikkuvin
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: ദൈവത്തോട് സമാധാനം ഉണ്ടാക്കുവിന് (rejected — sounds like an active human achievement)
Original: καταλλάγητε
Category: Reconciliation
New term for this curriculum. The aorist passive imperative (5:20) is doctrinally decisive — a command to receive an accomplished fact, not to achieve one. ‘Obtain/receive reconciliation’ preserves the receptive sense; guard against drift toward an active, works-implying rendering.
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: അവനെ പാപം ആക്കി
Transliteration: avane papam aakki
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Reconciliation
New term for this curriculum; the single highest-stakes rendering in the book (5:21). Mandatory translator note affirming Christ’s continued sinlessness (‘who knew no sin,’ same verse) alongside his legal, representative sin-bearing, to prevent a heretical reading of Christ’s nature becoming sinful.
New Creation
Approved rendering: പുതിയ സൃഷ്ടി
Transliteration: puthiya srishti
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
New term for this curriculum (5:17). No direct Hindu-cosmology collision, but must be taught as a once-for-all, Christ-secured new identity — never a repeatable devotional state or a stage within a cycle of rebirths. Preserve the completed-action force of the Greek tenses.
Power Made Perfect In Weakness
Approved rendering: ബലഹീനതയില് ശക്തി പൂര്ണ്ണമാകുന്നു
Transliteration: balaheenathayil shakthi poornamaakunnu
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: ദൈവം ബലഹീനരെ സഹായിക്കുന്നു (rejected — generic ‘God helps the weak’ platitude that discards the specific through-not-despite paradox)
Original: ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται
Category: Power
New term for this curriculum; doctrinal center of Power in Weakness (12:9; echoed 13:4). Fixed, non-paraphrasable unit — never abbreviate in derivative material (posters, memory verses).
False Apostles
Approved rendering: കള്ള അപ്പോസ്തലന്മാര്
Transliteration: kalla appostalanmar
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: വ്യത്യസ്ത അപ്പോസ്തലന്മാര് (rejected — softens deliberate deception into mere difference)
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
New term for this curriculum; negates the baseline’s uniquely low-ambiguity അപ്പോസ്തലന്. Must never soften into a label for mere doctrinal disagreement — Paul’s charge is deliberate deception (11:13).
Another Jesus Different Gospel
Approved rendering: വേറൊരു യേശു / വേറൊരു ആത്മാവ് / വേറൊരു സുവിശേഷം
Transliteration: veroru yeshu / veroru aathmaavu / veroru suvisesham
Doctrine: Counterfeit Gospel and False Christ
Rejected alternatives: വ്യത്യസ്തമായ പഠനം (rejected — ‘different teaching’ loses the counterfeit-Christ alarm)
Original: ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν… εὐαγγέλιον ἕτερον
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum (11:4); negates the baseline’s Critical യേശു and സുവിശേഷം. Any softening blunts Paul’s alarm about a counterfeit Christ-message being welcomed alongside the genuine gospel.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: ദൈവത്തിന്റെ പ്രതിരൂപം
Transliteration: daivathinte prathiroopam
Doctrine: Deity and Image of Christ
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum (4:4). Must not be softened toward ‘a reflection of’ or ‘representative of’ God — Christ is the exact, co-equal image, not an avatar-like manifestation; parallel to the baseline’s ദൈവപുത്രന്/ദേവപുത്രന് discipline.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: കര്ത്താവായ യേശുക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ കൃപയും ദൈവത്തിന്റെ സ്നേഹവും പരിശുദ്ധാത്മാവിന്റെ കൂട്ടായ്മയും
Transliteration: karthaavaaya yeshukristuvinte krupayum daivathinte snehavum parishudhaathmaavinte koottaymayum
Doctrine: Trinitarian Fellowship and Benediction
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
New term for this curriculum (13:14); the letter’s signature closing benediction, likely quoted verbatim across many lessons. Consistency-critical, parallel to Romans 8:28/10:9-10 in the baseline — render identically every time using only baseline-established terms for grace, God, Holy Spirit, and fellowship.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: കൃപ
Transliteration: krupa
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: പുണ്യം
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Heightened in 2 Corinthians 8-9, where കൃപ describes Spirit-enabled financial generosity: must not drift toward daana-style (Hindu charitable-merit) or votive (നേര്ച്ച) framing where giving accrues religious credit rather than flowing from Christ’s already-given gift (8:9).
Salvation
Approved rendering: രക്ഷ
Transliteration: raksha
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: മോക്ഷം, മുക്തി
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Never മോക്ഷം/മുക്തി. Appears at 1:6; 6:2 (‘now is the day of salvation’); 7:10.
Saints
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധര്
Transliteration: vishudhar
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The canonization-flavored inversion risk recurs concretely in the ‘collection for the saints’ (8-9): ordinary Jerusalem believers needing material relief, not a canonized elite.
Died For All
Approved rendering: എല്ലാവര്ക്കുംവേണ്ടി മരിച്ചു
Transliteration: ellavarkkumvendi marichu
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν
Category: Reconciliation
New term for this curriculum (5:14). First statement of the substitutionary logic v.21 makes explicit; the ‘for/on behalf of’ sense must not be flattened into a merely exemplary or sentimental death.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: പുതിയ ഉടമ്പടി
Transliteration: puthiya udampadi
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New term for this curriculum; compound of baseline ഉടമ്പടി plus പുതിയ. Must not imply the old covenant/law was itself sinful or worthless — Paul affirms its real but surpassed glory (3:7-11).
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ ന്യായാസനം
Transliteration: kristuvinte nyayasanam
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ and Ministry Accountability
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum (5:10). Must be sharply distinguished from justification (already secured by faith) — a subsequent evaluation of works/ministry, not a re-adjudication of salvation status.
Weakness
Approved rendering: ബലഹീനത
Transliteration: balaheenatha
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power
New term for this curriculum. Doctrinally loaded despite ordinary vocabulary; must not be softened when paired with ‘power made perfect’ (12:9), or the paradox collapses.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: വെളിച്ചത്തിന്റെ ദൂതന്
Transliteration: velichathinte dhoothan
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term for this curriculum (11:14). Context must disambiguate ദൂതന് here as Satan’s deceptive disguise, not a genuine angelic messenger elsewhere in Scripture.
Equality In Giving
Approved rendering: സമത്വം
Transliteration: samatvam
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Generosity
New term for this curriculum (8:13-14). Directly intersects Kerala’s own documented internal caste-heritage stratification within Malayalam Christianity; a live internal-church matter, not an abstract fiscal principle.
Though Rich Became Poor
Approved rendering: ധനവാനായിരുന്നിട്ടും ദരിദ്രനായി
Transliteration: dhanavanayirunnittum dharidranayi
Doctrine: Christ’s Incarnational Self-Giving as the Ground of Generosity
Original: πλούσιος ὢν ἐπτώχευσεν
Category: Generosity
New term for this curriculum (8:9). A real incarnational claim governed by the baseline’s Critical incarnation doctrine (മാംസധാരണം); must not be reduced to a mere fundraising illustration.
Guarantee Of Spirit
Approved rendering: അച്ചാരം
Transliteration: achcharam
Doctrine: Assurance by the Spirit as Guarantee
Rejected alternatives: ഈട് (less commonly used alternative)
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Assurance
New term for this curriculum (1:22; 5:5). അച്ചാരം is a concrete Kerala real-estate/commercial earnest-money term; risk is category-transfer, not syncretism — the Spirit is God’s divinely certain guarantee, not a negotiable, forfeitable commercial deposit.
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: ദൈവഹിതപ്രകാരമുള്ള ദുഃഖം
Transliteration: daivahithaprakaramulla duhkham
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: ഭക്ത്യാധിഷ്ഠിത ദുഃഖം (rejected — ഭക്തി-compound risks devotional-emotion framing)
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Repentance
New term for this curriculum (7:10). Distinguish from worldly grief; produces repentance and life, not death.
Temple Of Living God
Approved rendering: ജീവനുള്ള ദൈവത്തിന്റെ ആലയം
Transliteration: jeevanulla daivathinte aalayam
Doctrine: Church as Temple of the Living God
Rejected alternatives: അമ്പലം (FORBIDDEN — Hindu temple term, per baseline church discipline)
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
New term for this curriculum (6:16). ആലയം is the established Malayalam Bible sanctuary word; the baseline’s forbidden-substitution discipline for സഭ (never അമ്പലം) extends explicitly here.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: ജയോത്സവയാത്ര
Transliteration: jayotsavayaathra
Doctrine: The Triumphal Procession of Christ
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Ministry
New term for this curriculum (2:14). ഉത്സവം carries strong Hindu temple-festival associations in Kerala (e.g. Thrissur Pooram); context must keep the Roman military-triumph sense clear, not a devotional festival sense.
Christ In You
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തു നിങ്ങളില്
Transliteration: kristu ningalil
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: New Creation
New term for this curriculum (13:5). Used as the self-examination test of genuine faith.
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: സാത്താന്റെ ദൂതന്
Transliteration: sathante dhoothan
Doctrine: Satanic Deception under God’s Providence
Original: ἄγγελος Σατανᾶ
Category: Power
New term for this curriculum (12:7). Must be read within the frame of God’s providence — not dualism; even satanic affliction operates under God’s sovereign permission for a greater good.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: സുവിശേഷം
Transliteration: suvisesham
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. In 2 Corinthians appears in ministry-integrity (2:12; 4:3-4), giving (9:13), mission (10:14), and the counterfeit-gospel warning (11:4), where the risk tier for that specific occurrence rises to Critical (see ‘another_jesus_different_gospel’).
Faith
Approved rendering: വിശ്വാസം
Transliteration: vishwasam
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ഭക്തി
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Appears at 1:24; 4:13; 5:7 (‘walk by faith, not by sight’); 10:15; 13:5 (self-examination).
Called
Approved rendering: വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ട
Transliteration: vilikkappetta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Background concept for Paul’s apostolic self-description (1:1).
Calling
Approved rendering: വിളി
Transliteration: vili
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly.
Holy
Approved rendering: പരിശുദ്ധ
Transliteration: parishudha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ശുദ്ധം
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 1:1; 7:1; 13:12 (‘holy kiss’).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധീകരണം
Transliteration: vishudheekaranam
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Underlies 7:1’s appeal to bring holiness to completion.
Church
Approved rendering: സഭ
Transliteration: sabha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: അമ്പലം
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. NEVER അമ്പലം. This forbidden-substitution discipline extends explicitly to the new term ‘temple_of_living_god’ below.
Law
Approved rendering: ന്യായപ്രമാണം
Transliteration: nyayapramanam
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ധര്മ്മം
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Forms the old-covenant background contrasted in chapter 3; Paul affirms its real but surpassed glory (3:7-11) — must never be handled as though worthless.
Sin
Approved rendering: പാപം
Transliteration: papam
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Central to 5:19 (non-imputation of trespasses) and 5:21’s substitutionary climax (‘made him to be sin’).
Glory
Approved rendering: മഹത്വം
Transliteration: mahatvam
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Recurs heavily in chapter 3 (3:7-11,18) and 4:4,6,17.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ദൈവത്തിന്റെ ശക്തി
Transliteration: daivathinte shakthi
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Central to 4:7 (jars of clay), 6:7, and the Power in Weakness climax of 12:9 and 13:4.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ഉടമ്പടി
Transliteration: udampadi
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: കരാര്
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Base term for the new-covenant compound central to chapter 3 (‘new_covenant’ below).
God
Approved rendering: ദൈവം
Transliteration: daivam
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ഭഗവാന്
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs throughout; appears in the Trinitarian benediction, 13:14.
Providence
Approved rendering: ദൈവത്തിന്റെ പരിപാലനം
Transliteration: daivathinte paripalanam
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: വിധി
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Governs the reading of 2 Corinthians 11:14; 12:7 — even satanic deception/affliction operates under God’s sovereign permission, not independent dualism.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: സ്ഥാനാപതി
Transliteration: sthanapathi
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
New term for this curriculum (5:20); established Satyavedapustakam vocabulary. Doctrinal weight is high despite low lexical risk: delegated, non-self-originated authority must remain clear, distinguishing genuine apostleship from self-appointed ‘super-apostles.‘
Letter Vs Spirit
Approved rendering: അക്ഷരം
Transliteration: aksharam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα
Category: Covenant
New term for this curriculum. Ordinary word for ‘letter/alphabet character’; the letter-vs-Spirit contrast (3:6) must be established by context, not the word alone.
Veil
Approved rendering: മൂടുപടം
Transliteration: moodupadam
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
New term for this curriculum. Both literal (Moses) and spiritual-blindness senses present across 3:13-16.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: അതിശ്രേഷ്ഠ അപ്പോസ്തലന്മാര്
Transliteration: athishreshta appostalanmar
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
New term for this curriculum. Paul’s ironic label; the sarcastic tone must survive translation, or it risks sounding like genuine praise.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: ഉല്ലാസത്തോടെ കൊടുക്കുന്നവന്
Transliteration: ullaasathode kodukkunnavan
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸν δότην
Category: Generosity
New term for this curriculum (9:7). Straightforward positive vocabulary; low risk of drift.
Sow And Reap
Approved rendering: വിതയ്ക്കുന്നു / കൊയ്യുന്നു
Transliteration: vithaykkunnu / koyyunnu
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρων / θερίζει
Category: Generosity
New term for this curriculum (9:6). Guard against a merit-transactional ‘give to get’ prosperity reading.
Sincerity Simplicity
Approved rendering: പരമാര്ത്ഥത / ലാളിത്യം
Transliteration: paramaarthatha / laalithyam
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: ഭക്തി (rejected — reserved for Hindu devotional reverence per baseline)
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for this curriculum. Two distinct Greek words (εἰλικρίνεια/ἁπλότης); keep ലാളിത്യം (guileless simplicity) distinguishable from പരമാര്ത്ഥത (sincerity/genuineness) where both occur (1:12; 2:17; 4:2).
Repentance
Approved rendering: മാനസാന്തരം
Transliteration: manasantharam
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Repentance
New term for this curriculum (7:9-10). Established, low-ambiguity Malayalam Christian vocabulary.
Unequal Yoke
Approved rendering: നുകം
Transliteration: nukam
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for this curriculum (6:14). Natural Kerala agrarian image; ensure the application (spiritual/moral partnership generally) is not narrowed to marriage or business alone.
Sons And Daughters
Approved rendering: പുത്രന്മാരും പുത്രിമാരും
Transliteration: puthranmarum puthrimarum
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: മക്കള് alone (rejected — too generic; Greek explicitly names both genders)
Original: υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας
Category: New Creation
New term for this curriculum (6:18). Preserve the explicit dual-gender wording rather than collapsing into a generic gender-neutral ‘children.‘
Tent Tabernacle Body
Approved rendering: കൂടാരം
Transliteration: koodaram
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: σκῆνος
Category: Suffering
New term for this curriculum (5:1-4). Standard Malayalam word for ‘tent’; ensure the temporary/permanent contrast with the resurrection body is clear from context.
Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: മണ്പാത്രങ്ങള്
Transliteration: manpathrangal
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὀστράκινα σκεύη
Category: Suffering
New term for this curriculum (4:7). Directly supports the Power in Weakness doctrine; low-moderate lexical risk.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: നിത്യമായ മഹത്വത്തിന്റെ ഘനം
Transliteration: nithyamaya mahatvathinte ghanam
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering
New term for this curriculum (4:17). Core to the future orientation of the suffering-and-comfort doctrine.
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: പുറമെയുള്ള മനുഷ്യന് / അകമെയുള്ള മനുഷ്യന്
Transliteration: puramaeyulla manushyan / akamaeyulla manushyan
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος / ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering
New term for this curriculum (4:16). Guard against a dualistic reading that devalues the body as inherently evil; Paul’s point is renewal amid decay, not body-rejection.
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: സൗരഭ്യം / മണം
Transliteration: saurabhyam / manam
Doctrine: The Fragrance of Christ and the Dual Effect of the Gospel
Original: ὀσμή
Category: Ministry
New term for this curriculum (2:14-16). Malayalam lacks a single word spanning both the pleasant and repellent senses of the Greek ὀσμή image; requires paired vocabulary with an explanatory note.
Transformed Into Likeness
Approved rendering: രൂപാന്തരപ്പെടുന്നു
Transliteration: roopaantharappedunnu
Doctrine: Transformation into Christ’s Likeness
Rejected alternatives: അവതാരം-adjacent phrasing (FORBIDDEN by association per baseline incarnation discipline)
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Sanctification
New term for this curriculum (3:18). Shares its root with the Gospels’ ‘transfiguration’; must not be heard as shape-shifting/avatar metamorphosis, but as gradual Spirit-wrought Christlikeness.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധചുംബനം
Transliteration: vishudha chumbanam
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and the Holy Kiss
Original: φίλημα ἁγίῳ
Category: Fellowship
New term for this curriculum (13:12). Cultural-adaptation issue, not doctrinal: literal cross-gender kissing is not customary Malayalam greeting practice; explain original cultural context rather than mandate literal replication.
Weapons Of Warfare
Approved rendering: യുദ്ധായുധങ്ങള്
Transliteration: yudhaayudhangal
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Proud Reasoning
Original: ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term for this curriculum (10:4). Metaphorical spiritual warfare; not literal or political conflict.
Strongholds
Approved rendering: കോട്ടകള്
Transliteration: kottakal
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Proud Reasoning
Original: ὀχυρώματα
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term for this curriculum (10:4). Entrenched proud reasonings against the knowledge of God.
Boast
Approved rendering: പ്രശംസ
Transliteration: prashamsa
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for this curriculum. Same Malayalam term serves both positive (‘boast in the Lord,’ 10:17) and negative (self-commendation, 5:12) senses; track which sense is active per occurrence.
Paradise Third Heaven
Approved rendering: പറുദീസ / മൂന്നാം സ്വര്ഗ്ഗം
Transliteration: paradeesa / moonnaam swargam
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: παράδεισος / τρίτος οὐρανός
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum (12:2-4). പറുദീസ is a distinctly Christian-Biblical transliteration (cf. Luke 23:43), carrying low syncretism risk; distinguish clearly from the more generic സ്വര്ഗ്ഗം (heaven).
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: ജഡത്തിലെ മുള്ള്
Transliteration: jadathile mullu
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power
New term for this curriculum (12:7). Idiomatic, non-literal force needs a brief note so it is not read too literally or too vaguely.
Sufficiency
Approved rendering: പ്രാപ്തി
Transliteration: praapthi
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: αὐτάρκεια / ἀρκέω
Category: Power
New term for this curriculum. Occurs at 9:8 (giving context) and 12:9 (‘my grace is sufficient for you’).
Signs Of True Apostle
Approved rendering: അപ്പോസ്തലന്റെ അടയാളങ്ങള്
Transliteration: appostalante adayaalangal
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Apostleship
New term for this curriculum (12:12). Must not be heard as a miracle-working guru-validation credential; closes the positive case for genuine apostleship.
Collection For Saints
Approved rendering: വിശുദ്ധര്ക്കുവേണ്ടിയുള്ള ധനശേഖരണം
Transliteration: vishudharkkuvendiyulla dhanashekharanam
Doctrine: The Collection for the Saints
Original: ἡ διακονία εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους
Category: Generosity
New term for this curriculum (8:4; 9:1,12). Reuses baseline’s High-risk വിശുദ്ധര് inversion concern; Kerala readers may default to a narrow, canonization-flavored sense even where the text means ordinary believers in need.
Affliction
Approved rendering: കഷ്ടത
Transliteration: kashtata
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering
New term for this curriculum. Recurs across chapters 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11 as the setting for the suffering-and-comfort doctrine.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: കര്ത്താവിന്റെ ഭയം
Transliteration: karthavinte bhayam
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ and Ministry Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ഭക്തി-rooted compounds (rejected — reserved for Hindu devotional reverence per baseline)
Original: φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Reverence
New term for this curriculum (5:11). ഭയം risks a purely negative, servile reading; a clarifying phrase distinguishing reverential seriousness from terror is recommended in teaching notes.
Compels Controls
Approved rendering: നിര്ബന്ധിക്കുന്നു
Transliteration: nirbandhikkunnu
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: συνέχω
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum (5:14). Normally means ‘compel/force,’ risking a coercive reading; context must clarify this is love’s compelling grip, not external pressure.
According To The Flesh
Approved rendering: ജഡപ്രകാരം
Transliteration: jadaprakaram
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: Anthropology
New term for this curriculum (5:16). Ensure readers do not hear a Gnostic-style body/spirit dualism, but Paul’s sense of ‘merely human/worldly viewpoint.‘
Trespasses
Approved rendering: അതിക്രമങ്ങള്
Transliteration: athikramangal
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παραπτώματα
Category: Sin
New term for this curriculum (5:19). Distinct from baseline പാപം; preserve the distinction where both occur, though the doctrinal weight rests on ‘not counting against’ (forensic non-imputation).
Commend Self
Approved rendering: സ്വയം പുകഴ്ത്തുന്നു
Transliteration: swayam pukazhthunnu
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνιστάνω
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for this curriculum (5:12). Must be distinguished from ordinary professional self-introduction so the contrast with false apostles (chapter 11) remains sharp.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: അപ്പോസ്തലന്
Transliteration: appostalan
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ഗുരു
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. In 2 Corinthians this uniquely low-ambiguity term becomes the base for high-risk negated compounds (see ‘false_apostles’, ‘super_apostles’).
Peace
Approved rendering: സമാധാനം
Transliteration: samadhanam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs in the closing ‘God of love and peace’ (13:11).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: കൃതജ്ഞത
Transliteration: kruthajnatha
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 2:14; 4:15; 9:11-12 (thanksgiving arising from generosity).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: കൂട്ടായ്മ
Transliteration: koottayma
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: സൗഹൃദം
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 8:4; 9:13; and climactically in the Trinitarian benediction, 13:14.
Exhort
Approved rendering: പ്രോത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുക
Transliteration: prothsahippikkuka
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Context-sensitive: encouragement in chapter 1; urgent entreaty (അപേക്ഷിക്കുക) in 5:20 (‘we implore you… be reconciled’).
Seal Of Ownership
Approved rendering: മുദ്ര
Transliteration: mudra
Doctrine: Assurance by the Spirit as Guarantee
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Assurance
New term for this curriculum (1:22). Low risk; standard, unambiguous vocabulary for God’s ownership-mark.
Belial
Approved rendering: ബെലീയാല്
Transliteration: Beliyaal
Doctrine: Satanic Deception under God’s Providence
Original: Βελίαρ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term for this curriculum (6:15). Transliterated proper noun foreign to Malayalam’s existing religious vocabulary; carries no syncretism risk, but needs a brief explanatory note identifying it with Satan.
Comfort
Approved rendering: ആശ്വാസം
Transliteration: aashwasam
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering
New term for this curriculum. Established, low-ambiguity vocabulary; core to chapter 1’s theology of suffering.
Love Of Christ
Approved rendering: ക്രിസ്തുവിന്റെ സ്നേഹം
Transliteration: kristuvinte sneham
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New term for this curriculum (5:14). സ്നേഹം is established, unambiguous Malayalam Christian vocabulary for agapē.
Referenced passages