Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews | English → Bodo
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the entire book of Hebrews (chapters 1-13). Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Baseline — exact reuse] and their recorded Bodo rendering is reused verbatim, with no alteration. New terms required for the Hebrews curriculum are marked [New] and are proposed here for confirmation and entry into an updated translation memory in a later PRD step.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions: Critical = human theologian review required for every occurrence; High = human theologian review required; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)
| English Term | Bodo Term | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Area(s) | Chapters Attested | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ईश्वर | Isor | Critical | All | 1-13 | Never बाथौबुरै. |
| Lord | प्रभु | probhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1, 2, 7, 12, 13 | Never a Bathou/Kherai elder-honorific. |
| Jesus | जिसु | Jisu | Critical | Christology | throughout | |
| Messiah/Christ | मसीह | mosih | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | |
| Son of God | ईश्वरनि गोरा | Isornni gwra | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 | |
| Holy Spirit | पबित्र आत्था | pobitro aatha | Critical | Sanctification / Warning Passages | 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 | Never bare देउ/आत्था. |
| Father | आफा | afa | Critical | Divine Fatherhood, Discipline | 1, 12 | |
| Faith | बिश्वास | biswas | High | Faith of OT Saints, Perseverance | 3, 4, 6, 10, 11 (definitional) | |
| Grace | मोफादांनाय दान | mwphwdangnai daan | Critical | Grace, Warning Passages | 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 | Never पुण्य or reciprocal-exchange framing. |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | dharmikota | Critical | Christ’s Kingship, Faith | 1, 5, 7, 11, 12 | |
| Sin | गुनाह | gunah | High | Atonement, Warning Passages | 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13 | |
| Salvation | फोरायनाय | phoraynai | Critical | Once-for-All Sacrifice, Perseverance | 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10 | Genuine conceptual gap; teach from ground up. |
| Covenant | गोसाथारि | gwsathari | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 | |
| Holy | पबित्र | pobitro | High | Sanctification, Priesthood | throughout | |
| Sanctification | पबित्रनाय | pobitronai | High | Sanctification | 2, 9, 10, 12, 13 | |
| Saints | पबित्र मानुष | pobitro manwsw | High | Church, Faith of OT Saints | 6, 13 | |
| Glory | महिमा | mohima | High | Deity/Superiority of Christ | 1, 2, 3 | |
| Law | बिथान | bithan | Medium | Old Covenant, Priesthood | 7, 8, 9, 10 | |
| Resurrection | जिउनाय सोलायनाय | jiunai solainai | Critical | Christ’s Resurrection, Assurance | 6, 7, 11, 13 | Never फिन जोनोम. |
| Incarnation | मानसि गुदि सोलायनाय | manwsi gudi solainai | Critical | Christ’s Humanity, Sacrifice | 2, 5, 9, 10 | Never doudini-possession framing. |
| Called / Calling | फिनायाव / फिनायनि सिम | phinaiyao / phinaini sim | High | Divine Calling, Inheritance | 3, 9, 11 | |
| Apostle | गोदान जायगारि | godan jaigari | Medium | Christ’s Offices | 3 | Uniquely applied to Christ himself in Heb 3:1. |
| Church | मण्डली | mwndoli | Medium | Church, Fellowship | 12 (assembly), 13 | |
| Kingdom of God | ईश्वरनि राज्य | Isornni rajyo | Medium | Christ’s Reign | 1, 12 | Distinguish from territorial framing. |
| Peace | सान्ति | santi | Medium | Christ’s Priest-Kingship | 7, 12, 13 | |
| Intercession | मोनसे नि थाखाय बिनयनाय | monse ni thakhai binoinai | Medium | Great High Priest | 7, 9 | |
| Exhort | गोसो होनाय | gwsw honai | Low | Perseverance, Mutual Encouragement | 3, 10, 13 | |
| David | दाऊद | Daud | Low-Medium | Faith of OT Saints | 11 | |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Israel | Medium | New Covenant | 8 (Jeremiah quotation) | |
| Adoption | गोसोआव फैनाय | gwswao phoinai | High | Sonship, Discipline | 12 (conceptually) | Related to, not identical with, ch. 12’s discipline/sonship discourse. |
| Providence | ईश्वरनि सामलानाय | Isornni samlanai | High | Christ’s Sustaining Rule | 1 (upholding all things) | |
| Obedience of Faith | बिश्वासनि मानोन | biswasni manwn | High | Christ’s Obedience, Faith | 5, 11 | |
| Thanksgiving | धिनानाय | dhinanai | Low | Sacrifice of Praise | 13 | |
| Fellowship | गोसो जोंथानाय | gwsw jwnthanai | Low | Community Generosity | 13 |
B. New Terms — Critical Risk
| English Term | Bodo Term | Transliteration | Original Greek | Doctrine Area | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High priest | महापुरोहित | mohapurohit | ἀρχιερεύς | Christ as Great High Priest | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | Built on पुरोहित (existing priest loan); collides with Brahmanical priestly caste function and indigenous ritual specialists (doudini, ojha, deuri). Must be taught as a unique, eternal, non-hereditary office. |
| Sacrifice | बलि | boli | θυσία | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 | Standard term for ritual offering in Bathou/Kherai/Hindu practice; must always be paired with explicit “once for all” (मोनसे बार) teaching to prevent a reciprocal-exchange reading. |
| Once for all | मोनसे बार | monse bar | ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9, 10 | The book’s central rhetorical/theological hinge; must never be rendered inconsistently. |
| Redemption | दाम होनाय फोरायनाय | dam honai phoraynai | ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις | Once-for-All Sacrifice, Access to God | 9, 11 | New compound (दाम = price + baseline फोरायनाय). Never मोक्ष. Retain “price paid” nuance. |
| New covenant | नतुन गोसाथारि | notun gwsathari | καινή διαθήκη | New Covenant vs. Old | 8, 9, 12, 13 | Provisional compound; confirm with Bodo-speaking theologian. |
| Propitiation / atonement | गुनाहनि मापनाय | gunahni mapnai | ἱλάσκομαι / ἱλαστήριον | Christ as Great High Priest, Once-for-All Sacrifice | 2 | New compound; God himself provides the satisfying sacrifice — not reciprocal appeasement of an angry deity via ritual offering. |
| Fall away / apostasy | बिश्वासजों आतर होनाय | biswasjw ator honai | παραπίπτω / ἀφίστημι | Danger of Apostasy | 3, 6, 10 | Willful, decisive defection, not ordinary doubt; pastorally sensitive given real family returns to Bathouism/Brahma Dharma. |
| Faith’s definition (things hoped for / unseen) | (compound; see 07, ch. 11) | — | πίστις ἐστιν… ὑπόστασις… ἔλεγχος | Faith of OT Saints | 11 | Programmatic definitional verse (11:1); must be fixed and consistent across all curriculum documents. |
| Insulting the Spirit of grace | मोफादांनाय दाननि पबित्र आत्थाखौ गालि होनाय | mwphwdangnai daanni pobitro aathakhw gali honai | ἐνυβρίζω τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος | Danger of Apostasy | 10 | Combines two existing Critical baseline terms; among the book’s most severe warnings. |
| Putting away sin | गुनाह मुगा खालामनाय | gunah muga khalamnai | ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9 | Stronger/more decisive than simple forgiveness (माफ). |
| Bearing the sins (of many) | गुनाह लाबोनाय | gunah labwnai | ἀναφέρειν ἁμαρτίας | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9 | Substitutionary bearing of guilt; echoes Isaiah 53; must not be softened. |
| Blood of the covenant | गोसाथारिनि रों | gwsathari-ni ron | αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης | New Covenant, Access to God | 9 | Technical hinge-phrase; render identically wherever it recurs. |
| Offered once (to bear sins) | मोनसे बार होगर होनाय जायो | monse bar hogor honai jaiyo | ἅπαξ προσενεχθείς | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 |
C. New Terms — High Risk
| English Term | Bodo Term | Transliteration | Original Greek | Doctrine Area | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angel | स्वर्गदूत | sworgwdut | ἄγγελος | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1, 2 | Distinguish from देउ (nature/ancestral spirits) and the Kherai pantheon. |
| Priest | पुरोहित | purohit | ἱερεύς | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 | Base of महापुरोहित; same collision concerns, lower intensity. |
| Priesthood | पुरोहित पद | purohit pod | ἱερωσύνη | Great High Priest | 7 | |
| Offering (act of offering) | होगर होनाय | hogor honai | προσφέρω / προσφορά | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9, 10 | Distinguish from repeated need-driven Bathou/Kherai offerings. |
| Blood (of Christ) | रों | ron | αἷμα | Access to God, Sacrifice | 9, 10, 13 | Literal term; high doctrinal weight in context. |
| Mediator | मध्यस्थ | modhyostho | μεσίτης | New Covenant | 8, 9, 12 | Distinguish from doudini/ओझा ritual mediation. |
| Conscience | गुनथि मन | gunthi mon | συνείδησις | Once-for-All Sacrifice, Access to God | 9, 10 | Inner moral faculty; distinguish from social honor/shame and ritual purity-consciousness. |
| Living God | जिउ ईश्वर | jiu Isor | ζῶν θεός | Access to God | 3, 9, 10, 12 | Personal, active being; not merely “non-idol.” |
| Heir / Inheritance | अधिकारी / अधिकार | odhikari / odhikar | κληρόνομος / κληρονομία | New Covenant, Adoption | 1, 9, 11 | Spiritual inheritance via faith-adoption, not clan-lineage (afad) inheritance. |
| Exact imprint | ठीक साद | thik sad | χαρακτήρ | Superiority of Christ | 1 | Full, co-equal deity; not an avatar or lesser emanation. |
| Founder/Pioneer of salvation | फोरायनायनि आग जायगारि | phoraynaini ag jaigari | ἀρχηγός (τῆς σωτηρίας) | Superiority of Christ, Perseverance | 2, 12 | Distinct nuance from गोदान जायगारि (apostle = sent one). |
| Confession | स्वीकारनाय | swikarnai | ὁμολογία | Great High Priest, Perseverance | 3, 4, 10 | Consistency with Romans 10:9-10 Lordship confession required. |
| Hope | आशा | asha | ἐλπίς | Perseverance and Assurance | 6, 7, 10, 11 | Confident, promise-grounded expectation; not fate-optimism. |
| Confidence/boldness of access | हिम्मत | himmot | παρρησία | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4, 10 | Central to the “access” doctrine; distinct from निश्चय. |
| Without genealogy | बेंसे गैया | bense gwiya | ἀγενεαλόγητος | Great High Priest (Melchizedek) | 7 | Counter-cultural against Bodo clan (afad) lineage-based legitimacy. |
| Priesthood (Levitical) | पुरोहित पद | purohit pod | ἱερωσύνη | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | 7 | (See also entry above; repeated for chapter completeness.) |
| Indestructible life | गाहाय गैया जिउ | gahai gwiya jiu | ζωὴ ἀκατάλυτος | Great High Priest | 7 | Ties to जिउनाय सोलायनाय; unending, not cyclical. |
| End of the age | जुगनि जोबथा | jug-ni jwbtha | συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | Linear historical climax, not a cyclical age-framework. |
| Judgment | बिसार | bisar | κρίσις | Once-for-All Sacrifice, Perseverance | 9, 10 | Final, personal, divine judgment; not impersonal karmic accounting. |
| Many times / repeatedly | गोबां बार | gwbang bar | πολλάκις | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | Negative rhetorical counterpart to मोनसे बार. |
| Second time (Christ’s return) | गुबुन बार | gubun bar | ἐκ δευτέρου | Once-for-All Sacrifice, Perseverance | 9 | Singular future return; not cyclical rebirth. |
| To appear (before God) | साबाय होनाय | sabai honai | ἐμφανίζω | Great High Priest | 9 | Christ’s ongoing heavenly ministry. |
| Deliberate/willful sin | गुजोंनाय गुनाह | gujwnnai gunah | ἁμαρτάνω ἑκουσίως | Danger of Apostasy | 10 | Distinguishes willful apostasy from ordinary sin. |
| Full assurance of faith | बिश्वासनि पूर्ण निश्चय | biswasni purno nishoy | πληροφορία πίστεως | Perseverance and Assurance | 10 | |
| Endurance/perseverance | गोमानाय | gwmanai | ὑπομονή | Perseverance and Assurance | 10, 12 | Active persistence, not passive/fatalistic endurance. |
| Old / first covenant | आदिनि गोसाथारि | adini gwsathari | διαθήκη παλαιά/πρώτη | New Covenant vs. Old | 8, 9 | Provisional; confirm with theologian. |
| ”I will remember no more” | गुनाह सोलायनाय गैया | gunah solainai gwiya | μνησθῶ…οὐ μή | New Covenant, Assurance | 8 | Decisive divine non-remembrance, not temporary overlooking. |
| Consuming fire | सोदोब जुइ | sodob jui | πῦρ καταναλίσκον | Perseverance and Assurance (warning) | 12 | Collides with or (fire), one of Bathou’s five sijou-plant elements; must be taught as God’s holy/judging nature, not elemental veneration. |
| Founder and perfecter of faith | बिश्वासनि आग जायगारि आरो पूर्ण खालामग्रा | biswasni ag jaigari aro purno khalamgra | ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτής | Perseverance and Assurance | 12 | |
| Altar | बलिबेदी | boliwedi | θυσιαστήριον | Access to God (closing metaphor) | 13 | Metaphorical only; distinguish from नमासोलि and any sijou-plant courtyard ritual center. |
| Shadow / copy / pattern | नमूना | namuna | σκιά / τύπος / ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος | Superiority of Christ, Old vs. New Covenant | 8, 9 | Preparatory divine pattern, not falsehood. |
D. New Terms — Medium Risk
| English Term | Bodo Term | Transliteration | Original Greek | Doctrine Area | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tabernacle / tent | पबित्र तंबू | pobitro tambu | σκηνή | Old Covenant Typology | 8, 9 | Distinguish from नमासोलि. |
| Most Holy Place | अति पबित्र थान | oti pobitro than | Ἅγια Ἁγίων | Access to God | 9 | |
| Holy places (general) | पबित्र थान | pobitro than | ἅγια | Access to God | 9 | |
| Veil / curtain | पर्दा | parda | καταπέτασμα | Access to God | 9 | |
| Eternal | अनन्त | anonto | αἰώνιος | Once-for-All Sacrifice, New Covenant | 5, 9, 13 | Distinguish from cyclical eternity notions. |
| Perfect / perfection | पूर्ण | purno | τέλειος / τελειόω | Great High Priest, Superiority of Christ | 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12 | Completeness of saving function, not ritual elaborateness. |
| Rest (God’s rest) | ईश्वरनि आराम | Isornni aram | κατάπαυσις | Superiority over Moses | 3, 4 | Eschatological rest, not leisure or Sabbath-ritual only. |
| Word of God | ईश्वरनि राव | Isornni rao | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | Inspiration/Living Word | 4 | |
| Discipline | आफानि सिखानाय | afa-ni sikhanai | παιδεία | Perseverance and Assurance | 12 | Loving formation, not karmic punishment. |
| Suffer / suffering | दुख सायनाय | dukh sainai | πάσχω / πάθημα | Superiority/Humanity of Christ | 2, 5, 9 | Real, purposeful, salvific — not karmic. |
| Forgiveness | गुनाहनि माफ | gunahni maph | ἄφεσις | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | Distinct from, and narrower than, justification. |
| Purification (ritual/flesh) | साफनाय | saphnai | καθαρότης / καθαρίζω | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | Reserved for ritual/physical, per baseline. |
| Transgression | बिथान लांनाय | bithan langnai | παράβασις | Old Covenant | 9 | |
| Throne | सिंहासन | sinhason | θρόνος | Superiority of Christ | 1, 4 | Distinguish from territorial/political throne. |
| Throne of grace | मोफादांनायनि सिंहासन | mwphwdangnaini sinhason | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος | Access to God | 4 | |
| Anchor (of the soul) | गुदुइनि लंगर | gudui-ni longor | ἄγκυρα | Perseverance and Assurance | 6 | |
| Oath | सामायथि | samaithi | ὅρκος | Perseverance and Assurance | 6 | |
| Unchangeable | सोलायख्रि गैया | solaikhri gwiya | ἀμετάθετος | Perseverance and Assurance | 6 | Relational faithfulness, not impersonal fate. |
| Melchizedek | मलिकिसेदेक | Molikisedek | Μελχισέδεκ | Great High Priest | 7 | Proper name; verify against printed Bodo Bible. |
| Guarantee / surety | जामिन | jamin | ἔγγυος | Great High Priest | 7 | |
| Becoming obsolete | बांद्राय जानाय | bandrai janai | παλαιούμενον | New Covenant vs. Old | 8 | Fulfilled/superseded, not worthless. |
| Regulations of the flesh | गुदिनि नियम | gudini niyom | δικαιώματα σαρκός | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | |
| Waiting eagerly | थांनानै रायज्लायनाय | thannanai raijlainai | ἀπεκδέχομαι | Perseverance and Assurance | 9 | |
| Witness / testimony | साक्षी | sakshi | μαρτυρέω / μάρτυς | Faith of OT Saints | 11, 12 | |
| Cloud of witnesses | साक्षीनि बादला | sakshini badla | νέφος μαρτύρων | Faith of OT Saints, Perseverance | 12 | |
| Heavenly | स्वर्गीय | sworgiyo | ἐπουράνιος | Superiority of Christ, Old vs. New Covenant | 8, 9 | |
| Sacrifice of praise | धिनानायनि बलि | dhinanaini boli | θυσία αἰνέσεως | Access to God (closing) | 13 | Retains बलि deliberately for typological contrast. |
| Outside the camp | शिबिरनि बाहिर | shibirni bahir | ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς | Once-for-All Sacrifice (typology) | 13 | Requires OT background teaching. |
| Church leaders | मुख्य मानुष | mukhyo manwsw | ἡγούμενοι | Church Life | 13 | |
| Neglect / drift away | धुरै लांनाय | dhurai langnai | ἀμελέω | Danger of Apostasy | 2 | |
| Unbelief | बिश्वास गैयानाय | biswas gwiyanai | ἀπιστία | Danger of Apostasy | 3 | |
| Hardening the heart | मनथि गोठार खालामनाय | monthi gwthar khalamnai | σκληρύνω | Danger of Apostasy | 3 | |
| House (of God) | नोगोर | nogor | οἶκος (θεοῦ) | Church as God’s People | 3 | |
| Blood shed / shedding of blood | रों बहनाय | ron bohnai | αἱματεκχυσία | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | |
| Better (comparative motif) | गोबां गुबुन | gwbang gubun | κρείττων | Superiority of Christ (recurring) | throughout | Literary-comparative motif; render consistently. |
E. New Terms — Low Risk
| English Term | Bodo Term | Transliteration | Original Greek | Doctrine Area | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Made with hands / not made with hands | गथानि सोरजिआब | gothani sworjiab | χειροποίητος | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | |
| Creation | सृष्टि | srishti | κτίσις | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | |
| Book / scroll | किताब/पुस्तक | kitab/pustok | βιβλίον | Old Covenant Inauguration | 9 | |
| Vessel / implement | सामान | saman | σκεῦος | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | |
| Milk / solid food (teaching metaphor) | गाई थुन / गोठां जाब्गोन | gai thun / gwthang jabgwn | γάλα / βρῶμα | Spiritual Maturity | 5 | |
| Death | गुइनाय | guinai | θάνατος | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | |
| Hospitality | अगरनांगोरनि थाखाय गादेरनाय | agornangorni thakhai gadernai | φιλοξενία | Practical Christian Life | 13 | |
| True / real | सोतो | soto | ἀληθινός | Old vs. New Covenant | 9 | |
| Appointed / fixed (destiny) | थियारि दोंनाय | thiyari donnai | ἀπόκειμαι | Perseverance and Assurance | 9 | |
| Another’s (not one’s own) | गुबुननि | gubunni | ἀλλότριος | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | |
| Foundation of the world | दुनियानि आरोंगोनि | duniyani arwngoni | καταβολῆς κόσμου | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | |
| Sprinkle | छिटाय होनाय | chitai honai | ῥαντίζω | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | |
| Not clean / defiled | साफ गैया | saph gwiya | κοινός | Old Covenant Typology | 9 | |
| Dead works | मुइनाय गुथि | muinai guthi | νεκρὰ ἔργα | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | |
| Serve/worship | सेवा खालामनाय | sewa khalamnai | λατρεύω | Access to God | 9 | |
| Without blemish | दोष एबा फैया | dosh aba phaiya | ἄμωμος | Once-for-All Sacrifice | 9 | |
| Inaugurate/establish | आरोंगोनाय | arwngonai | ἐγκαινίζω | Old Covenant | 9 | |
| Order/class (priesthood order) | खान्थि | khanthi | τάξις | Great High Priest | 5, 7 | Reuses root sense from baseline’s गोदान जायगारि खान्थि. |
F. Proper Names — New to This Curriculum (Verify Against Printed Bodo Bible)
| English Name | Bodo Rendering | Transliteration | Chapters | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melchizedek | मलिकिसेदेक | Molikisedek | 5, 6, 7 | Medium |
| Moses | मुसा | Musa | 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 | Low |
| Aaron | हारून | Harun | 5, 7, 9 | Low |
| Abel | हाबिल | Habil | 11, 12 | Low |
| Enoch | हनोक | Honok | 11 | Low |
| Noah | नुह | Nuh | 11 | Low |
| Abraham | अब्राहाम | Abraham | 2, 6, 7, 11 | Low |
| Sarah | साराह | Sarah | 11 | Low |
| Isaac | इसहाक | Isohak | 11 | Low |
| Jacob | याकूब | Jakub | 11 | Low |
| Joseph | यूसुफ | Jusuf | 11 | Low |
| Rahab | राहाब | Rahab | 11 | Low |
| Gideon | गिदोन | Gidon | 11 | Low |
| Barak | बारक | Barak | 11 | Low |
| Samson | समसोन | Somson | 11 | Low |
| Jephthah | यिप्ता | Jipta | 11 | Low |
| Samuel | समुएल | Somuel | 11 | Low |
| Esau | एसौ | Esou | 12 | Low |
| Zion | सियोन | Siyon | 12 | Medium |
| David (baseline reuse) | दाऊद | Daud | 11 | Low-Medium |
| Israel (baseline reuse) | इस्राएल | Israel | 8 | Medium |
Cross-Reference to Curriculum Doctrines
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Glossary Terms |
|---|---|
| Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood | स्वर्गदूत, ईश्वरनि आराम, पुरोहित पद, ठीक साद, बेंसे गैया, गोबां गुबुन |
| Christ as the Great High Priest | महापुरोहित, पुरोहित, मध्यस्थ, गुनाहनि मापनाय, गाहाय गैया जिउ, मलिकिसेदेक |
| The New Covenant versus the Old | नतुन गोसाथारि, आदिनि गोसाथारि, बांद्राय जानाय, गोसाथारिनि रों, नमूना |
| The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | बलि, मोनसे बार, रों, दाम होनाय फोरायनाय, गुनाह मुगा खालामनाय, गुनाह लाबोनाय |
| The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | बिश्वासजों आतर होनाय, गुजोंनाय गुनाह, मोफादांनाय दाननि पबित्र आत्थाखौ गालि होनाय, बिश्वास गैयानाय |
| Faith of the Old Testament Saints | बिश्वास (ch.11 definitional compound), साक्षी, साक्षीनि बादला, all Ch.11 proper names |
| Perseverance and Assurance | गोमानाय, आशा, निश्चय, हिम्मत, गुदुइनि लंगर, सामायथि |
| Access to God through Christ’s Blood | रों, हिम्मत, पर्दा, अति पबित्र थान, बलिबेदी, गुनथि मन |
See analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation supporting every entry above.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ईश्वर
Transliteration: Isor
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: बाथौबुरै (never use)
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Hebrews’ repeated emphasis on God ‘speaking’ (1:1, 4:12) and being ‘living’ (3:12, 9:14, 10:31, 12:22) makes ईश्वर’s personal, communicative sense especially load-bearing against an impersonal ultimate-reality reading.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: probhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: बर’ऐ/बुरहा elder-honorifics (never use)
Original: κύριος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Applied to both Father and Christ in Hebrews (1:10, 2:3, 7:14, 13:20); never a Bathou/Kherai elder-honorific, which would place Christ inside the existing pantheon.
Jesus
Approved rendering: जिसु
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Verify against a current printed Bodo Bible before finalizing.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: mosih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Not one of many deities or spirit-mediators recognized in the Bathou pantheon.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि गोरा
Transliteration: Isornni gwra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवता गोरा (a lesser divine being’s son, never use)
Original: υἱός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Hebrews 1’s argument depends on absolute uniqueness; must never read as a lesser spirit-being’s offspring within a populated Bathou pantheon.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पबित्र आत्था
Transliteration: pobitro aatha
Doctrine: Willful Sin and Insulting the Spirit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: bare देउ/आत्था (never use)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly, always in full. Especially load-bearing at Hebrews 10:29’s ‘outraging the Spirit of grace’ — bare आत्था/देउ would place the Spirit among Bathou/Kherai’s populated spirit-world.
Father
Approved rendering: आफा
Transliteration: afa
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: बाथौबुरै (never use)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Chosen for warmth and intimacy, especially at Hebrews 12:7-10’s ‘Father of spirits,’ against a karmic, impersonal-consequence framing.
Grace
Approved rendering: मोफादांनाय दान
Transliteration: mwphwdangnai daan
Doctrine: Willful Sin and Insulting the Spirit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: पुण्य (Brahma Dharma merit-language, never use), दान गोरोबनाय (reciprocal gift, rejected)
Original: χάρις
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Received at the throne of grace (4:16); insulted by deliberate apostasy (10:29). Always resists both a merit reading and a reciprocal-offering reading.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: धर्म (bare Sanskritic cosmic-duty sense, avoid)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Applied to Christ’s kingship (1:8-9, quoting Psalm 45) and to Melchizedek’s name/typology (7:2).
Salvation
Approved rendering: फोरायनाय
Transliteration: phoraynai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष (Brahma Dharma liberation, never use), रैखाथि (Kherai protection, never use)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Genuine conceptual gap in Bathou tradition; taught from the ground up throughout Hebrews (1:14, 2:3, 2:10, 5:9, 6:9, 9:28).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: जिउनाय सोलायनाय
Transliteration: jiunai solainai
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Rejected alternatives: फिन जोनोम (rebirth/reincarnation, never use)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Basis of Christ’s ‘indestructible life’ priesthood (7:16) and believers’ ‘better resurrection’ (11:35, 13:20); never फिन जोनोम.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: मानसि गुदि सोलायनाय
Transliteration: manwsi gudi solainai
Doctrine: Humanity and Suffering of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देउनि आगोर (doudini possession framing, never use)
Original: σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cf. Hebrews 2:14, ‘flesh and blood’)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Christ’s permanent, personal assumption of full human nature (2:14-18, 5:7-8), sharply distinguished from Kherai-trance possession.
High Priest
Approved rendering: महापुरोहित
Transliteration: mohapurohit
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification as Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: doudini/ओझा-style ritual specialist framing (never use), hereditary Brahmin priestly-caste framing (never use)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
New term. Built on पुरोहित (existing loan), which carries Brahmanical caste connotations and risks conflation with indigenous ritual specialists. Must be taught as a unique, eternal, non-hereditary office fulfilled once in Christ (2:17, 3:1, 4:14-15, 5:5-10, 7:26-28, 8:1, 9:11).
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: बलि
Transliteration: boli
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία
Category: Sacrifice
New term (standard Assam-region loan). बलि is the live term for actual offerings to Bathoubwrai/Mainao/the Kherai pantheon within a reciprocal, repeatable protection-and-prosperity logic (do-ut-des). MUST always co-occur with मोनसे बार when describing Christ’s sacrifice (5:1, 9:23, 9:26, 10:1-12, 13:15-16). Never allow to stand alone in a Christ-referring sentence.
Once For All
Approved rendering: मोनसे बार
Transliteration: monse bar
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ
Category: Sacrifice
New term; the book’s central rhetorical/theological hinge (7:27, 9:12, 9:26, 9:28, 10:10). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence; sharply distinguished from Bathou/Kherai cyclical offering-logic and from any rebirth/reincarnation framing via Brahma Dharma.
Redemption
Approved rendering: दाम होनाय फोरायनाय
Transliteration: dam honai phoraynai
Doctrine: The Blood of the Covenant and Redemption
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष (never use)
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις
Category: Sacrifice
New compound (दाम, price/payment + baseline फोरायनाय). Permanent deliverance secured at the cost of Christ’s own blood (9:12), including retroactive redemption from sins under the first covenant (9:15). Must retain the ‘price actually paid’ nuance; never flatten to generic freedom.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: गुनाहनि मापनाय
Transliteration: gunahni mapnai
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Sacrifice
New compound (2:17). Must be taught carefully: God himself provides the satisfying sacrifice — not the reciprocal appeasement-of-an-angry-deity logic embedded in traditional Bathou/Kherai sacrificial offering.
Putting Away Sin
Approved rendering: गुनाह मुगा खालामनाय
Transliteration: gunah muga khalamnai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sacrifice
New compound (9:26). Distinct from, and stronger than, गुनाहनि माफ (forgiveness) — describes sin’s decisive undoing at the sacrifice’s climax.
Bearing Sins
Approved rendering: गुनाह लाबोनाय
Transliteration: gunah labwnai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀναφέρειν ἁμαρτίας
Category: Sacrifice
New compound (9:28). Substitutionary bearing of guilt echoing Isaiah 53; must not be softened into merely ‘dealing with’ sin administratively.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नतुन गोसाथारि
Transliteration: notun gwsathari
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινή διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New compound (गोसाथारि + नतुन). Provisional pending confirmation by a Bodo-speaking theologian, per baseline’s caution about गोसाथारि’s limited attestation. Central structural argument of Hebrews (8:8-13, 9:15, 12:24).
Faiths Definition
Approved rendering: आशा खालामनाय जिनिसनि निश्चय, नुनांनाय जिनिसनि गोहोम बिश्वास
Transliteration: asha khalamnai jinisni nishoy, nunannai jinisni gwhom biswas
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πίστις ἐστιν ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων
Category: Faith
Fixed compound (11:1) combining बिश्वास, आशा, and निश्चय. This is the book’s single most quoted definitional verse and must be identical across every curriculum document; theologian review required for every occurrence.
Fall Away
Approved rendering: बिश्वासजों आतर होनाय
Transliteration: biswasjw ator honai
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy
Original: παραπίπτω / ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy
New compound (3:12, 6:6, 10:38). Willful, decisive defection after full enlightenment, not ordinary doubt; acute pastoral sensitivity given real family returns to Bathouist or Brahma Dharma practice.
Insulting The Spirit Of Grace
Approved rendering: मोफादांनाय दाननि पबित्र आत्थाखौ गालि होनाय
Transliteration: mwphwdangnai daanni pobitro aathakhw gali honai
Doctrine: Willful Sin and Insulting the Spirit of Grace
Original: ἐνυβρίζω τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος
Category: Apostasy
New compound combining two baseline Critical terms (10:29). No precedent in Bathou/Brahma Dharma frameworks, which lack a comparably personal, indwelling divine Spirit that can be ‘insulted.’ Flag every occurrence for human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: बिश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: भरोसा (too weak alone)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The object of faith must always be named; unqualified बिश्वास risks reading as generic devotion transferable to Bathoubwrai or the Kherai pantheon, a risk multiplied across Hebrews 11’s roll call of names.
Sin
Approved rendering: गुनाह
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: दोष (too weak/civic)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Distinguished from ritual impurity addressed through Bathou/Kherai cleansing rites; dealt with decisively by Christ’s sacrifice (2:17, 9:26-28, 10:26, 12:1, 12:4, 13:11).
Covenant
Approved rendering: गोसाथारि
Transliteration: gwsathari
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Organizing category of Hebrews’ central argument (7:22, 8:6-13, 9:15-20, 10:16, 12:24, 13:20). Confirm naturalness with a Bodo-speaking theologian before wide deployment, per baseline’s own caution.
Holy
Approved rendering: पबित्र
Transliteration: pobitro
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Rejected alternatives: साफ (ritual-purity sense only)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पबित्रनाय
Transliteration: pobitronai
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Rejected alternatives: साफनाय (ritual cleansing, avoid as substitute)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The effect of Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice (10:10, 10:14, 12:14, 13:12); distinct from external, occasional ritual purification before Bathou/Kherai ceremonies.
Saints
Approved rendering: पबित्र मानुष
Transliteration: pobitro manwsw
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly (6:10, 13:24). Must not be narrowed to a specialist religious elite paralleling the doudini’s recognized ritual role.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Christ reflects God’s glory fully (1:3); believers will be crowned with it (2:10). Avoid metaphors readable as doudini trance-radiance.
Called
Approved rendering: फिनायाव
Transliteration: phinaiyao
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: मिनतिनाय (too weak)
Original: κλητός / κεκλημένοι
Category: Inheritance
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Used at 9:15 (called to receive the promised inheritance) and 3:1 (‘holy brothers, who share in a heavenly calling’); distinguished from a doudini being ritually ‘called’/seized during Kherai trance.
Calling
Approved rendering: फिनायनि सिम
Transliteration: phinaini sim
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Inheritance
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. The ‘heavenly calling’ shared by believers (3:1).
Adoption
Approved rendering: गोसोआव फैनाय
Transliteration: gwswao phoinai
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Sonship
Original: υἱοθεσία (conceptually, via Hebrews 12:5-11’s sonship/discipline discourse)
Category: Inheritance
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Applied to the discipline/sonship discourse of 12:5-11; formal legal adoption is not a settled category in Bodo clan (afad) kinship, so full inheritance-rights sonship must be taught explicitly.
Providence
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि सामलानाय
Transliteration: Isornni samlanai
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: भागी (fate, never use)
Original: φέρων τε τὰ πάντα (cf. Hebrews 1:3, ‘upholding the universe by the word of his power’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Describes the Son’s own sustaining power in Hebrews 1:3 (‘upholding the universe by the word of his power’).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: बिश्वासनि मानोन
Transliteration: biswasni manwn
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification as Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: धर्मनि निदान मानोन (rule-keeping obedience, works-based misreading)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly; root मानोन applied here to Christ’s own learned obedience (5:8).
Priest
Approved rendering: पुरोहित
Transliteration: purohit
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
New term; base of महापुरोहित. Refers to a Levitical or Melchizedekian priest (5:6, 7:1-3, 8:4, 10:11); reserved for the superseded old-covenant office.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: पुरोहित पद
Transliteration: purohit pod
Doctrine: Melchizedek’s Priesthood as Type of Christ
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
New term. The Levitical priestly office/system, shown to be inherently weak and necessarily replaced (7:11-12, 7:24).
Without Genealogy
Approved rendering: बेंसे गैया
Transliteration: bense gwiya
Doctrine: Melchizedek’s Priesthood as Type of Christ
Original: ἀγενεαλόγητος
Category: Priesthood
New term (7:3). Strikingly counter-cultural for Bodo audiences whose clan (afad) identity, inheritance, and legitimacy run through lineage. Must be taught as a positive typological point: Christ’s authority rests on God’s oath and indestructible life, not ancestry.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: modhyostho
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Priesthood
New term (8:6, 9:15, 12:24). Must be sharply distinguished from doudini/ओझा ritual mediation, which is repeatable and trance-based; Christ’s mediation is a once-for-all, personal, historical act.
Many Times
Approved rendering: गोबां बार
Transliteration: gwbang bar
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: πολλάκις
Category: Eschatology
New term; negative rhetorical counterpart to मोनसे बार (9:25-26, 10:1, 10:11). The two phrases must be visibly and audibly distinct in the Bodo text at every occurrence.
Offering
Approved rendering: होगर होनाय
Transliteration: hogor honai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω / προσφορά
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:14, 9:25, 10:10-14). Must be distinguished from repeated, need-driven offerings to Bathoubwrai/the Kherai pantheon; Christ offers himself once, willingly.
Blood Shed
Approved rendering: रों बहनाय
Transliteration: ron bohnai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:22). ‘Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.‘
Altar
Approved rendering: बलिबेदी
Transliteration: boliwedi
Doctrine: Christian Worship as the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Sacrifice
New compound (बलि + बेदी, 13:10). Metaphorical only, referring to Christ’s sole sufficiency; must be distinguished from नमासोलि (Bathou/Kherai shrine site) and any sijou-plant courtyard ritual center.
Shadow Copy Pattern
Approved rendering: नमूना
Transliteration: namuna
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: σκιά / τύπος / ὑπόδειγμα / ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sacrifice
New term (8:5, 9:23-24, 10:1). Must not be taught as implying the OT rituals were false or valueless, only divinely designed anticipatory patterns — relevant to how Bodo converts assess their family’s prior Bathou practice.
Conscience
Approved rendering: गुनथि मन
Transliteration: gunthi mon
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sacrifice
New descriptive compound (9:9, 9:14, 10:2, 10:22, 13:18). A genuine conceptual gap: must be taught as an inner moral faculty before a holy God, distinct from social honor/shame (a strong live dynamic in Bodo communal life) and ritual-impurity awareness.
Old Covenant
Approved rendering: आदिनि गोसाथारि
Transliteration: adini gwsathari
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη παλαιά / πρώτη
Category: Covenant
New compound (‘the covenant of the former time’). The Mosaic/Sinai covenant, declared obsolete (8:7, 8:13, 9:1, 9:15, 9:18). Flag for theologian confirmation.
I Will Remember No More
Approved rendering: गुनाह सोलायनाय गैया
Transliteration: gunah solainai gwiya
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μνησθῶ…οὐ μή
Category: Covenant
New term (8:12, 10:17). Central to assurance doctrine; must convey a decisive divine act, not mere temporary overlooking.
Assurance Hypostasis
Approved rendering: गोहोम निश्चय
Transliteration: gwhom nishoy
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
New term (11:1). The concrete ground/guarantee faith gives to hoped-for realities.
Conviction Elenchos
Approved rendering: नुनांनाय गैयानि गोहोम बिश्वास
Transliteration: nunannai gwiyani gwhom biswas
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
New term (11:1). Faith’s inward certainty regarding what cannot be seen.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: बिश्वास गैयानाय
Transliteration: biswas gwiyanai
Doctrine: Danger of Unbelief and a Hardened Heart
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Faith
New term built on baseline बिश्वास (3:12, 3:19). The specific sin that barred the wilderness generation from God’s rest.
Confession
Approved rendering: स्वीकारनाय
Transliteration: swikarnai
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification as Great High Priest
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
New term (3:1, 4:14, 10:23). Must remain consistent with the Lordship-confession doctrine already Critical in the Romans baseline (Romans 10:9-10).
Neglect
Approved rendering: धुरै लांनाय
Transliteration: dhurai langnai
Doctrine: Warning Against Neglecting the Gospel
Original: ἀμελέω
Category: Apostasy
New term (2:1-3), the book’s first warning passage. Passive drifting is a genuinely new spiritual-danger category for Bodo audiences.
Deliberate Sin
Approved rendering: गुजोंनाय गुनाह
Transliteration: gujwnnai gunah
Doctrine: Willful Sin and Insulting the Spirit of Grace
Original: ἁμαρτάνω ἑκουσίως
Category: Apostasy
New term built on baseline गुनाह (10:26). Distinguishes willful apostasy from ordinary sin and struggle.
Judgment
Approved rendering: बिसार
Transliteration: bisar
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: κρίσις
Category: Apostasy
New term, common Assamese/Bodo administrative-legal loan (9:27, 10:27). Must be taught as final, moral, personal judgment, not impersonal karmic accounting.
Hope
Approved rendering: आशा
Transliteration: asha
Doctrine: Hope as the Anchor of the Soul
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Perseverance
New term (6:11, 6:18-19, 7:19, 10:23). Must be distinguished from generic wishful optimism or भागी-style fate-optimism.
Endurance
Approved rendering: गोमानाय
Transliteration: gwmanai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance in Faith
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
New term (10:36, 12:1). Must convey active, faith-filled persistence, not passive fatalistic endurance.
Full Assurance Of Faith
Approved rendering: बिश्वासनि पूर्ण निश्चय
Transliteration: biswasni purno nishoy
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance in Faith
Original: πληροφορία πίστεως
Category: Perseverance
New compound combining reused बिश्वास and निश्चय (10:22).
Boldness Of Access
Approved rendering: हिम्मत
Transliteration: himmot
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Access
New term (4:16, 10:19, 10:35). Confident, welcomed access to a gracious sovereign — not fearful appeasement of a deity requiring ritual placation, as in Bathou/Kherai practice.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: मोफादांनायनि सिंहासन
Transliteration: mwphwdangnaini sinhason
Doctrine: Confident Access to God’s Throne of Grace
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Access
New compound combining baseline मोफादांनाय दान with सिंहासन (4:16).
Appear Before God
Approved rendering: साबाय होनाय
Transliteration: sabai honai
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Original: ἐμφανίζω
Category: Access
New term (9:24). Christ’s ongoing heavenly ministry of presenting himself before God for his people; not a repeatable ritual appearance.
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: sworgwdut
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: देउ (never use)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
New coinage (1:4-14, 2:2-16, 12:22, 13:2). Must be clearly distinguished from देउ, the generic nature/ancestral spirit of Bathou/Kherai belief; angels are created, subordinate, worshipful servants, not consultable spirit-beings.
Heir Inheritance
Approved rendering: अधिकारी / अधिकार
Transliteration: odhikari / odhikar
Doctrine: Melchizedek’s Priesthood as Type of Christ
Original: κληρόνομος / κληρονομία
Category: Inheritance
New term (1:2, 1:14, 6:12, 6:17, 9:15, 11:7-9, 12:17). Ties to baseline गोसोआव फैनाय (adoption); spiritual inheritance via faith-adoption, not clan-lineage (afad) inheritance.
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: जुगनि जोबथा
Transliteration: jug-ni jwbtha
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:26). Linear, historical climax; distinguished from any cyclical-age framework echoing Brahma Dharma’s rebirth-influenced cosmology.
Second Coming
Approved rendering: गुबुन बार
Transliteration: gubun bar
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου
Category: Christology
New term (9:28). Christ’s own singular, future, personal return; not confused with the cyclical rebirth/reincarnation framework the baseline flags Critical for ‘resurrection.‘
Founder Of Salvation
Approved rendering: फोरायनायनि आग जायगारि
Transliteration: phoraynaini ag jaigari
Doctrine: Humanity and Suffering of Christ
Original: ἀρχηγός τῆς σωτηρίας
Category: Christology
New coinage built on baseline फोरायनाय (2:10). Distinct in nuance from गोदान जायगारि (baseline ‘apostle,’ one sent with delegated authority).
Founder And Perfecter Of Faith
Approved rendering: बिश्वासनि आग जायगारि आरो पूर्ण खालामग्रा
Transliteration: biswasni ag jaigari aro purno khalamgra
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance in Faith
Original: ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτής
Category: Christology
New compound combining आग जायगारि and पूर्ण (12:2).
Indestructible Life
Approved rendering: गाहाय गैया जिउ
Transliteration: gahai gwiya jiu
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Original: ζωὴ ἀκατάλυτος
Category: Christology
New term (7:16). Ties to जिउनाय सोलायनाय; unending, not cyclical, life.
Suffering Of Christ
Approved rendering: दुख सायनाय
Transliteration: dukh sainai
Doctrine: Humanity and Suffering of Christ
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Christology
New term (2:10, 2:18, 5:8). Real, purposeful, salvific suffering that qualifies a sympathetic priest — not karmically-earned suffering.
Living God
Approved rendering: जिउ ईश्वर
Transliteration: jiu Isor
Doctrine: Danger of Unbelief and a Hardened Heart
Original: ζῶν θεός
Category: God
New compound intensifying baseline ईश्वर (3:12, 9:14, 10:31, 12:22). Affirms God’s personal, active being against any impersonal nature-force or Bathou/Kherai’s populated-but-impersonal spirit-world.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: सोदोब जुइ
Transliteration: sodob jui
Doctrine: God’s Holiness as a Consuming Fire
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: God
New term (12:29, quoting Deuteronomy 4:24). Directly collides with or (fire), one of the sijou plant’s five sacred elements in Bathou belief. Must be taught as God’s holy, judging, purifying character — never elemental fire-veneration.
Exact Imprint
Approved rendering: ठीक साद
Transliteration: thik sad
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: χαρακτήρ
Category: Christology
New descriptive term (1:3). Must express full, co-equal deity, not an avatar-like temporary manifestation or a lesser emanation, given the Bathou pantheon’s hierarchy of divine/semi-divine figures.
Medium Risk Terms
Law
Approved rendering: बिथान
Transliteration: bithan
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: धर्मनि नियम (Brahma Dharma codified conduct rules, avoid as primary gloss)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Refers to the Mosaic Law/Torah throughout Hebrews’ priesthood argument (7:5-28, 8:4, 9:19-22, 10:1-8).
Apostle
Approved rendering: गोदान जायगारि
Transliteration: godan jaigari
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: दूत (too weak)
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Uniquely applied to Christ himself at 3:1 (‘the apostle and high priest of our confession’) — flag for teaching emphasis.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mwndoli
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Practical Community Life
Rejected alternatives: नमासोलि (Bathou/Kherai shrine site, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Referenced at 2:12 and 12:23 (‘assembly of the firstborn’).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि राज्य
Transliteration: Isornni rajyo
Doctrine: God’s Holiness as a Consuming Fire
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. God’s sovereign, unshakeable reign (1:8, 12:28); distinguish from territorial-political framing given Bodoland’s contemporary associations.
Peace
Approved rendering: सान्ति
Transliteration: santi
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Associated with Christ’s priest-kingship typology (7:2, 12:14, 13:20).
Intercession
Approved rendering: मोनसे नि थाखाय बिनयनाय
Transliteration: monse ni thakhai binoinai
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Priesthood
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Christ’s permanent, ongoing intercession (7:25); distinguish from mediated petitions carried to Bathoubwrai/the pantheon through a doudini or ओझा.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Proper Names
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Addressed in the Jeremiah 31 new-covenant quotation (8:8, 8:10).
Priestly Order
Approved rendering: खान्थि
Transliteration: khanthi
Doctrine: Melchizedek’s Priesthood as Type of Christ
Original: τάξις
Category: Priesthood
New term, reusing the root sense from the baseline’s गोदान जायगारि खान्थि (apostleship order). ‘Order of Melchizedek’ (5:6, 7:11).
Guarantee
Approved rendering: जामिन
Transliteration: jamin
Doctrine: Christ’s Eternal Priesthood and Ongoing Intercession
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Priesthood
New term, common loan for guarantor/surety. Christ personally guarantees the better covenant (7:22).
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: गुनाहनि माफ
Transliteration: gunahni maph
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:22, 10:18). Correct and sufficient here but distinct and narrower than justification (धार्मिक होनाय राव, baseline).
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: धिनानायनि बलि
Transliteration: dhinanaini boli
Doctrine: Christian Worship as the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Sacrifice
New compound (13:15), deliberately retaining बलि to make the typological contrast explicit: the only ‘sacrifice’ now required is verbal/relational, not ritual-substitutionary.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: दोष एबा फैया
Transliteration: dosh aba phaiya
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:14). दोष is too weak alone for ‘sin’ per baseline, but functions well here as a flawlessness modifier.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: मुइनाय गुथि
Transliteration: muinai guthi
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Sacrifice
New term (6:1, 9:14). Futile, condemned patterns of life from which believers are cleansed.
Sprinkle
Approved rendering: छिटाय होनाय
Transliteration: chitai honai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ῥαντίζω
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:13, 9:19, 9:21, 10:22). Present only as a historical OT type, never as a currently valid or repeatable practice; distinguish from Bathou/Kherai preparatory sprinkling gestures.
Ritual Purification
Approved rendering: साफनाय
Transliteration: saphnai
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Original: καθαρότης / καθαρίζω
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:13, 9:22-23), deliberately reusing the baseline term reserved for ritual/physical (not moral) cleanliness. Hebrews itself distinguishes outward (साफनाय) from inner (गुनथि मन) cleansing.
Ritually Defiled
Approved rendering: साफ गैया
Transliteration: saph gwiya
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: κοινός
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:13), built on the baseline’s साफ.
Serve Worship
Approved rendering: सेवा खालामनाय
Transliteration: sewa khalamnai
Doctrine: Cleansing of the Conscience
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Sacrifice
New term (9:14, 12:28, 13:10). Must always specify ईश्वर as object; distinguish from ritual service rendered to Bathoubwrai, the Kherai pantheon, or venerated ancestral spirits.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: शिबिरनि बाहिर
Transliteration: shibirni bahir
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς
Category: Sacrifice
New term (13:11-13). Requires OT background teaching; connects Christ’s suffering directly to the sacrificial typology of chs. 9-10.
Becoming Obsolete
Approved rendering: बांद्राय जानाय
Transliteration: bandrai janai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παλαιούμενον
Category: Covenant
New term (8:13). Must not be taught as devaluing the OT as a whole, only the Mosaic covenant’s provisional, fulfilled-in-Christ role.
Inaugurate
Approved rendering: आरोंगोनाय
Transliteration: arwngonai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐγκαινίζω
Category: Covenant
New term (9:18, 10:20). Formal ratification/dedication of a covenant.
Transgression
Approved rendering: बिथान लांनाय
Transliteration: bithan langnai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: παράβασις
Category: Covenant
New term built on baseline बिथान (2:2, 9:15).
Regulations Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: गुदिनि नियम
Transliteration: gudini niyom
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Rejected alternatives: bare धर्म sense (avoid)
Original: δικαιώματα σαρκός
Category: Covenant
New term (9:10). Outward ceremonial regulations, unable to perfect the conscience.
Holy Places
Approved rendering: पबित्र थान
Transliteration: pobitro than
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἅγια
Category: Sanctification
New term, built on baseline पबित्र (9:8, 9:12, 9:24-25, 10:19).
Most Holy Place
Approved rendering: अति पबित्र थान
Transliteration: oti pobitro than
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: Ἅγια Ἁγίων
Category: Sanctification
New term (9:3). Innermost sanctuary chamber, entered once a year by the high priest alone under the old order.
Veil
Approved rendering: पर्दा
Transliteration: parda
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Sanctification
New term, common loan (9:3, 10:20). Symbolizes restricted access to God’s presence, now opened by Christ.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: पबित्र तंबू
Transliteration: pobitro tambu
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: σκηνή
Category: Sanctification
New compound (पबित्र + तंबू). Both earthly copy and heavenly ‘more perfect’ reality (8:2, 8:5, 9:1-11, 9:21, 13:10). Kept distinct from नमासोलि; this is historical OT type, not a functioning ritual site.
Witness
Approved rendering: साक्षी
Transliteration: sakshi
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: μαρτυρέω / μάρτυς
Category: Faith
New term, common loan (11:2, 11:4-5, 11:39).
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: साक्षीनि बादला
Transliteration: sakshini badla
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Faith
New compound reusing साक्षी (12:1). Continues chapter 11’s argument.
Hardening Of Heart
Approved rendering: मनथि गोठार खालामनाय
Transliteration: monthi gwthar khalamnai
Doctrine: Danger of Unbelief and a Hardened Heart
Original: σκληρύνω
Category: Apostasy
New term (3:8, 3:13, 3:15, 4:7), quoting Psalm 95.
Anchor
Approved rendering: गुदुइनि लंगर
Transliteration: gudui-ni longor
Doctrine: Hope as the Anchor of the Soul
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Perseverance
New term (6:19). Vivid maritime metaphor; culturally intelligible via the Brahmaputra basin’s river/boat imagery.
Oath
Approved rendering: सामायथि
Transliteration: samaithi
Doctrine: Hope as the Anchor of the Soul
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Perseverance
New term (6:16-17, 7:20-21). God’s solemn, binding sworn statement.
Unchangeable
Approved rendering: सोलायख्रि गैया
Transliteration: solaikhri gwiya
Doctrine: Hope as the Anchor of the Soul
Original: ἀμετάθετος
Category: Perseverance
New term (6:17-18). Must be taught as relational faithfulness, not impersonal fixed fate (भागी).
Discipline
Approved rendering: आफानि सिखानाय
Transliteration: afa-ni sikhanai
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Sonship
Original: παιδεία
Category: Perseverance
New compound built on baseline आफा (12:5-11). Loving, formative correction proving genuine sonship, not karma-driven consequence or arbitrary ritual punishment.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: गोदावनाय गैया ईश्वरनि राज्य
Transliteration: gwdabnai gwiya Isornni rajyo
Doctrine: God’s Holiness as a Consuming Fire
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Perseverance
New compound on baseline ईश्वरनि राज्य (12:28). Distinguish from territorial-political framing given Bodoland’s contemporary politics.
Waiting Eagerly
Approved rendering: थांनानै रायज्लायनाय
Transliteration: thannanai raijlainai
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: ἀπεκδέχομαι
Category: Perseverance
New term (9:28). Intense, hope-filled anticipation of Christ’s return.
Rest
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि आराम
Transliteration: Isornni aram
Doctrine: God’s Rest
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Perseverance
New compound (3:11, 3:18, 4:1-11). Eschatological rest entered by faith, not worldly leisure or a merely ritual Sabbath observance; no developed equivalent in Bathou tradition.
Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: sinhason
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: θρόνος
Category: Access
New term, common Sanskrit loan (1:8). Distinguish from any territorial/political throne.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि राव
Transliteration: Isornni rao
Doctrine: Inspiration and the Living Word of God
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Access
New term, reusing राव from the baseline’s धार्मिक होनाय राव compound (4:12-13). Living, active, penetrating, discerning power.
House Of God
Approved rendering: नोगोर
Transliteration: nogor
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New metaphorical use (3:2-6, 10:21). Moses a faithful servant; Christ the Son and builder of the house.
Church Leaders
Approved rendering: मुख्य मानुष
Transliteration: mukhyo manwsw
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Practical Community Life
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Church
New term (13:7, 13:17, 13:24). Distinguish from clan/village headman authority structures.
Eternal
Approved rendering: अनन्त
Transliteration: anonto
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term describing the Spirit (9:14), redemption (9:12), inheritance (9:15), and salvation (5:9). Distinguish from cyclical eternity notions.
Perfect
Approved rendering: पूर्ण
Transliteration: purno
Doctrine: Christ’s Qualification as Great High Priest
Original: τέλειος / τελειόω
Category: Eschatology
New term (2:10, 5:9, 7:19, 7:28, 9:9, 9:11, 10:1, 10:14, 12:23). Completeness of saving function, not ritual elaborateness.
Better
Approved rendering: गोबां गुबुन
Transliteration: gwbang gubun
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: κρείττων
Category: Eschatology
New term; repeated comparative motif throughout Hebrews. Render consistently to preserve the book’s rhetorical pattern.
Heavenly
Approved rendering: स्वर्गीय
Transliteration: sworgiyo
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term (3:1, 6:4, 8:5, 9:23, 11:16, 12:22).
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: मलिकिसेदेक
Transliteration: Molikisedek
Doctrine: Melchizedek’s Priesthood as Type of Christ
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (5:6, 5:10, 6:20, 7:1-17). Confirm spelling against the current printed Bodo Bible’s Genesis 14 text.
Moses
Approved rendering: मुसा
Transliteration: Musa
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (3:2-6, 7:14, 8:5, 9:19, 11:23-28, 12:21). Moses must be honored, not diminished, even while shown to be surpassed.
Zion
Approved rendering: सियोन / स्वर्गीय यरूशलेम
Transliteration: Siyon / sworgiyo Jerusalem
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Σιὼν / Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουρανίῳ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (12:22). Verify transliteration against the current printed Bodo Bible.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: गोसो होनाय
Transliteration: gwsw honai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Endurance in Faith
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Repeated theme against apostasy (3:13, 10:25, 13:22).
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Proper Names
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Named among the faith exemplars of Hebrews 11:32.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धिनानाय
Transliteration: dhinanai
Doctrine: Christian Worship as the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: εὐχαριστία (conceptually, cf. θυσία αἰνέσεως, 13:15)
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Basis of धिनानायनि बलि, ‘sacrifice of praise’ (13:15).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: गोसो जोंथानाय
Transliteration: gwsw jwnthanai
Doctrine: Christian Worship as the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Practical generosity as acceptable worship (13:16).
Hospitality
Approved rendering: अगरनांगोरनि थाखाय गादेरनाय
Transliteration: agornangorni thakhai gadernai
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Practical Community Life
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
New term (13:2).
True Real
Approved rendering: सोतो
Transliteration: soto
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: ἀληθινός
Category: Eschatology
New term (8:2, 9:24, 10:22). Ultimate reality as opposed to a mere shadow/copy.
Made With Hands
Approved rendering: गथानि सोरजिआब
Transliteration: gothani sworjiab
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: χειροποίητος
Category: Eschatology
New descriptive term (9:11, 9:24).
Creation
Approved rendering: सृष्टि
Transliteration: srishti
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: κτίσις
Category: Eschatology
New term, common loan (9:11).
Milk Solid Food
Approved rendering: गाई थुन / गोठां जाब्गोन
Transliteration: gai thun / gwthang jabgwn
Doctrine: Spiritual Maturity versus Immaturity
Original: γάλα / βρῶμα
Category: Eschatology
New term (5:12-14). Pedagogical metaphor; purely illustrative.
Death
Approved rendering: गुइनाय
Transliteration: guinai
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:15-17). Activates a testament, and typologically the new covenant.
Appointed Destiny
Approved rendering: थियारि दोंनाय
Transliteration: thiyari donnai
Doctrine: Final Judgment and Christ’s Second Coming
Original: ἀπόκειμαι
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:27). Universal, fixed human destiny of death followed by judgment.
Anothers
Approved rendering: गुबुननि
Transliteration: gubunni
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀλλότριος
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:25). The Levitical high priest offers another creature’s blood, unlike Christ.
Foundation Of The World
Approved rendering: दुनियानि आरोंगोनि
Transliteration: duniyani arwngoni
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: καταβολῆς κόσμου
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:26).
Book Scroll
Approved rendering: किताब/पुस्तक
Transliteration: kitab/pustok
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:19).
Vessel Implement
Approved rendering: सामान
Transliteration: saman
Doctrine: Old Covenant Typology as Shadow of the Heavenly Reality
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Eschatology
New term (9:21).
Aaron
Approved rendering: हारून
Transliteration: Harun
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: Ἀαρών
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (5:4, 7:11, 9:4).
Abel
Approved rendering: हाबिल
Transliteration: Habil
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἄβελ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:4, 12:24).
Enoch
Approved rendering: हनोक
Transliteration: Honok
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἐνώχ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:5).
Noah
Approved rendering: नुह
Transliteration: Nuh
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Νῶε
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:7).
Abraham
Approved rendering: अब्राहाम
Transliteration: Abraham
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (2:16, 6:13-15, 7:2-9, 11:8-19).
Sarah
Approved rendering: साराह
Transliteration: Sarah
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Σάρρα
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:11).
Isaac
Approved rendering: इसहाक
Transliteration: Isohak
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰσαάκ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:17-20).
Jacob
Approved rendering: याकूब
Transliteration: Jakub
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰακώβ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:20-21).
Joseph
Approved rendering: यूसुफ
Transliteration: Jusuf
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰωσήφ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:22).
Rahab
Approved rendering: राहाब
Transliteration: Rahab
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ῥαάβ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:31).
Gideon
Approved rendering: गिदोन
Transliteration: Gidon
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Γεδεών
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:32).
Barak
Approved rendering: बारक
Transliteration: Barak
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Βαράκ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:32).
Samson
Approved rendering: समसोन
Transliteration: Somson
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Σαμψών
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:32).
Jephthah
Approved rendering: यिप्ता
Transliteration: Jipta
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰεφθάε
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:32).
Samuel
Approved rendering: समुएल
Transliteration: Somuel
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Σαμουήλ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (11:32).
Esau
Approved rendering: एसौ
Transliteration: Esou
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy
Original: Ἠσαῦ
Category: Proper Names
Proper name (12:16-17). Sold his birthright and later sought it back with tears in vain — a concrete cautionary case.
Referenced passages