Core Glossary
Core Glossary — James (English → Bodo)
Purpose and Legend
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning James chapters 1-5, for direct use in populating Phase 1 Step 2+ artifacts (translation memory additions, term registry additions, doctrine risk registry additions) ahead of Phase 2 segment translation.
Reuse rule: Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json are marked “(reused from Romans TM)” and their Bodo rendering and risk tier are carried over unchanged — never re-derived or re-argued for James.
New-term rule: Terms with no Romans precedent are marked “(new, provisional)”; their proposed Bodo rendering follows the baseline’s own established practice of descriptive compounding for un-settled theological vocabulary, and every such term requires confirmation by a Bodo-speaking theologian before Phase 2 enforcement, exactly as the baseline already requires for its own provisional compounds (e.g., grace, adoption, covenant).
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s fixed definitions:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys/alters essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Glossary Table
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Bodo rendering (transliteration) | Status | Risk | Doctrine | First occurrence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | works / deeds | ἔργα (erga) | गुनथि (gunthi) | New, provisional | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:14 | Fruit/proof of genuine faith, never the ground of forensic justification (Romans 3-4); resists both Brahma Dharma पुण्य-merit and Bathou reciprocal-offering readings. |
| 2 | faith | πίστις (pistis) | बिश्वास (biswas) | Reused from Romans TM | High | Faith and Works | 1:3; 2:14ff | Object of faith (Christ) must remain contextually explicit, as in Romans. |
| 3 | dead (of faith) | νεκρά (nekra) | गुबुन (gubun) | New, provisional | High | Faith and Works | 2:17, 20, 26 | Ordinary “dead”; must not be confused with resurrection vocabulary. |
| 4 | justified / shown righteous | δικαιόω, δικαιοῦται/ἐδικαιώθη (dikaioō) | धार्मिक होनाय राव (dharmik honai rao) | Reused from Romans TM (sense-flagged) | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:21, 24, 25 | James’s demonstrative/vindicating sense, distinct from Romans’s forensic-declarative sense; mandatory disambiguating note at every occurrence. |
| 5 | save (soteriological) | σώζω (sōzō) | फोरायनाय (phoraynai) | Reused from Romans TM | Critical | Faith and Works / Confession and Restoration | 2:14; 5:20 | Never share this rendering with the physical-healing sense of the same Greek verb (see #46, #47). |
| 6 | to work together / cooperate | συνεργέω (synergeō) | दोगोनजों गुनथि खालामनाय | New, provisional | High | Faith and Works | 2:22 | Faith and गुनथि as one organic reality, not a 50/50 partnership. |
| 7 | perfected / completed / matured | τελειόω (teleioō) | पूरा जायनाय (pura jainai) | New, provisional | High | Faith and Works | 2:22 | Completion/maturity of an already-alive faith, not remedy for an initially deficient one. |
| 8 | imputed righteousness (credited for righteousness) | ἐλογίσθη εἰς δικαιοσύνην | दानै लाबोनाय धार्मिकता | Reused from Romans TM | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:23 | Direct cross-quotation of Genesis 15:6 shared verbatim with Romans 4:3; consistency mandatory. |
| 9 | friend of God | φίλος θεοῦ (philos theou) | ईश्वरनि दोस्त (Isornni dost) | New, provisional | High | Faith and Works / Worldliness | 2:23 | Must use the same दोस्त root as #29 “friendship with the world” so the contrast is visible in Bodo. |
| 10 | faith alone / only | ἐκ πίστεως μόνον | बिश्वासजों गोबां | New, provisional (compound on reused root) | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:24 | James attacks bare-profession faith, not the sola fide of Romans; requires harmonization teaching note. |
| 11 | demons | δαιμόνια (daimonia) | बेया आत्था (beya aatha) | New, provisional | Critical | Faith and Works | 2:19 | Sharply distinguish from देउ (Bathou pantheon spirits), doudini’s Kherai-trance spirit, and पबित्र आत्था. |
| 12 | shudder (in fear) | φρίσσω (phrissō) | सिरिया जोनाय | New, provisional | Low | Faith and Works | 2:19 | Descriptive, minor risk. |
| 13 | breath / life-spirit (not Holy Spirit) | πνεῦμα (pneuma, in 2:26) | प्राण (pran) | New, provisional | High | Faith and Works | 2:26 | Never render with आत्था alone; must not imply the same category as पबित्र आत्था. |
| 14 | trial / temptation | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | परीक्षा (porikkha) | New, provisional | High | Trials and Testing of Faith | 1:2 | Context-sensitive across external-trial and internal-temptation senses, parallel to the baseline’s “called” entry. |
| 15 | testing (that which proves) | δοκίμιον (dokimion) | परीक्षा-खान्थि | New, provisional | Medium | Trials and Testing of Faith | 1:3 | Refining process, not punitive or appeasement ritual. |
| 16 | endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | सहसनाय (sahasonai) | New, provisional | High | Trials and Testing of Faith | 1:3 | Purposeful, God-oriented endurance; must not be reheard as भागी-style fatalism. |
| 17 | perfect / complete / whole | τέλειος / ὁλόκληρος (teleios / holoklēros) | सम्पूर्ण (sompurno) | New, provisional | High | Trials and Testing of Faith | 1:4 | Distinguish from Brahma Dharma’s self-achieved ethical perfection ideal. |
| 18 | wisdom | σοφία (sophia) | बिबेकनाय (bibeikonai) | New, provisional | Medium/High | Wisdom from Above | 1:5 | Requested directly of God, not mediated through ritual specialist or trance. |
| 19 | double-minded | δίψυχος (dipsychos) | दुसारि गोसो | New, provisional | Medium | Wisdom from Above / Worldliness | 1:8; 4:8 | Inward division between trust in God and worldly hedging. |
| 20 | desire / lust | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | लोभ (lobh) | New, provisional | Medium | Trials and Testing of Faith / Worldliness | 1:14 | Sin’s inward, self-originated root; not blamed on external spirit-cause. |
| 21 | sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) | गुनाह (gunah) | Reused from Romans TM | High | (multiple) | 1:15 | Distinguish from ritual impurity per baseline note. |
| 22 | word of truth / implanted word | λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος | गोसोआव बानायख्रि राव | New, provisional | High | Wisdom from Above (Scripture) | 1:18, 21 | Ties to baseline “Inspiration of Scripture” doctrine. |
| 23 | perfect law of liberty / liberty | νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας / ἐλευθερία | स्वाधीननि बिथान / स्वाधीनता (swadhinota) | New, provisional | Critical | Wisdom from Above / Favoritism | 1:25; 2:12 | ἐλευθερία deliberately avoids मोक्ष-adjacent vocabulary already forbidden in the baseline for “salvation.” νόμος reused as बिथान. |
| 24 | religion (true) | θρησκεία (thrēskeia) | ईश्वरनि सेवा (Isornni sewa) | New, provisional | High | Wisdom from Above | 1:26-27 | Ethical service, not ritual performance; avoid धर्म per Brahma Dharma collision risk already flagged in baseline. |
| 25 | bridle / tame the tongue | χαλιναγωγέω / δαμάζω | गाड़ी लाबोनाय-सोरनाय / दमबनाय | New, provisional | Medium | Taming the Tongue | 1:26; 3:2-3, 7-8 | Confirm horse-bridling image’s naturalness with native speakers. |
| 26 | tongue | γλῶσσα (glōssa) | जिब्ला (jibla) | New, provisional | Low | Taming the Tongue | 3:1 | Ordinary bodily-organ word; doctrinal weight lies in surrounding verbs. |
| 27 | fire / hell (Gehenna) | πῦρ / γέεννα (pyr / geenna) | पुर / गेहेन्ना | New, provisional | High | Taming the Tongue | 3:5-6 | ”Fire” risks unintended resonance with ओर, the sacred fire-element of Bathou’s sijou five-element symbolism; teach distinction explicitly. |
| 28 | likeness of God | ὁμοίωσις θεοῦ | ईश्वरनि रूपाव | New, provisional | Medium/High | Taming the Tongue | 3:9 | Grounds prohibition on cursing others in inherent God-given dignity. |
| 29 | friendship with the world / enmity with God | φιλία τοῦ κόσμου / ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ | दुनियानि दोस्ती / ईश्वरनि गोरोब | New, provisional | Critical | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:4 | Must share दोस्ती root with #9 “friend of God” for visible Bodo contrast; κόσμος here is moral-allegiance category, distinct from the created natural order (ha/dwi/bar/or/okhrang). |
| 30 | earthly / demonic wisdom vs. wisdom from above | σοφία ψυχική/δαιμονιώδης / σοφία ἄνωθεν | मानसिनि बिबेकनाय / बेया आत्थानि बिबेकनाय / ईश्वरनिफ्राय फैनाय बिबेकनाय | New, provisional | Critical | Wisdom from Above | 3:15, 17 | Excludes any legitimate-spiritual-channel reading (e.g., doudini oracular insight); this is the doctrine’s core term-pair. |
| 31 | wisdom’s fruit (pure, peaceable, gentle, etc.) | ἁγνή, εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, μεστὴ ἐλέους, ἀδιάκριτος, ἀνυπόκριτος | (composite list, see 07 §Ch.3) | New, provisional | Medium/High | Wisdom from Above | 3:17 | Retain each quality distinctly; ἀδιάκριτος should echo the προσωπολημψία-negation root. |
| 32 | fruit of righteousness | καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης | धार्मिकतानि सुबुद | New, provisional (on reused root) | Medium | Wisdom from Above | 3:18 | धार्मिकता reused from Romans TM; harvest metaphor distinct from Kherai/Mainao offerings. |
| 33 | favoritism / partiality | προσωπολημψία (prosōpolēmpsia) | मुखो सायनाय | New, provisional | High | Favoritism and the Poor | 2:1 | Concrete, examinable congregational practice, not abstract vice. |
| 34 | poor | πτωχός (ptōchos) | गरीब (gorib) | New, provisional | Low/Medium | Favoritism and the Poor | 1:9; 2:2-6 | Standard loanword. |
| 35 | rich | πλούσιος (plousios) | धनी (dhoni) | New, provisional | Low/Medium | Favoritism and the Poor | 1:10; 2:2-6; 5:1 | Consistently used with warning in James. |
| 36 | election / choose | ἐκλέγομαι (eklegomai) | ईश्वरनि सायख (Isornni saikho) | Reused from Romans TM (contextual note) | High | Favoritism and the Poor | 2:5 | James’s pastoral application differs from Romans 9’s soteriological argument; flag contextual difference. |
| 37 | kingdom of God | βασιλεία (basileia) | ईश्वरनि राज्य (Isornni rajyo) | Reused from Romans TM | Medium | Favoritism and the Poor | 2:5 | |
| 38 | royal law | νόμος βασιλικός | राज्यनि बिथान | New, provisional (on reused root) | Medium/High | Favoritism and the Poor | 2:8 | बिथान reused from Romans TM. |
| 39 | mercy / merciless judgment | ἔλεος / ἀνέλεος κρίσις | दया / दयाजायै फैसला | New, provisional | Medium | Favoritism and the Poor | 2:13 | |
| 40 | wars and fights (interpersonal conflict) | πόλεμος / μάχη | लड़ाई (lorai) | New, provisional | Low | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:1 | |
| 41 | adulteresses (spiritual) | μοιχαλίδες (moichalides) | व्यभिचारी (byabhichari) | New, provisional | Medium/High | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:4 | Figurative covenant-unfaithfulness; requires OT marriage-metaphor background teaching. |
| 42 | grace | χάρις (charis) | मोफादांनाय दान (mwphwdangnai daan) | Reused from Romans TM | Critical | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:6 | Reinforces same anti-merit, anti-reciprocal-exchange teaching as Romans. |
| 43 | devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | शैतान (Shaitan) | New, provisional (verify existing loan) | High | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:7 | Verify against printed Bodo Bible; distinguish as singular personal adversary, not one nature-spirit among many. |
| 44 | draw near to God | ἐγγίζω τῷ θεῷ | ईश्वरनि ओरैथाय फैनाय | New, provisional | Medium/High | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:8 | Unmediated access, contrast implicitly with doudini/ओझा mediation. |
| 45 | lawgiver / judge | νομοθέτης / κριτής | बिथान होनाय / फैसला खान्थि | New, provisional | Medium | Worldliness vs. Friendship with God | 4:12 | |
| 46 | the Lord’s coming / return | παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου | प्रभुनि फिन फैनाय (probhuni phin phoinai) | New, provisional | Critical | Patience and the Lord’s Return | 5:7-8 | Never rendered with cyclical rebirth vocabulary (parallels baseline’s forbidden फिन जोनोम for “resurrection”). |
| 47 | patience (with people/circumstances) | μακροθυμέω (makrothymeō) | सहा थानाय (saha thanai) | New, provisional | Medium/High | Patience and the Lord’s Return | 5:7-8, 10 | Distinct nuance from ὑπομονή/सहसनाय (endurance under trial, 1:3-4). |
| 48 | last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι | गुबुन दिनफोर | New, provisional | Medium/High | Patience and the Lord’s Return | 5:3 | Ties to the already-inaugurated eschatological frame. |
| 49 | the Judge at the door | κριτής πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν | फैसला-होग्रा दुवाराव थायो | New, provisional | Medium/High | Patience and the Lord’s Return | 5:9 | Reinforces παρουσία’s imminence. |
| 50 | patience of Job | ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ | सहसनाय (reused) + एलिया/Job transliteration | Reused root | Medium | Patience and the Lord’s Return | 5:11 | Requires OT (Job) narrative background. |
| 51 | oath / swear | ὅρκος / ὀμνύω | कसम खावनाय | New, provisional | Low/Medium | Taming the Tongue (applied) | 5:12 | |
| 52 | sick / weary | κάμνω / ἀσθενέω | गोमोम जायनाय | New, provisional | Low | Prayer and Healing | 5:13-14 | |
| 53 | elders of the church | πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας | मण्डलीनि बुरहा-मानुष | New, provisional | High | Prayer and Healing | 5:14 | Distinguish from village/clan elders and Bathou ritual specialists. |
| 54 | anoint with oil | ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ | तेल सोहानाय | New, provisional | High | Prayer and Healing | 5:14 | Requires explicit contrastive teaching vs. ritual healing practices. |
| 55 | Lord (in the name of the) | κύριος (kyrios) | प्रभु (probhu) | Reused from Romans TM | Critical | Prayer and Healing | 5:14 | Same forbidden-substitution rule as baseline (never बर’ऐ/बुरहा). |
| 56 | prayer of faith | εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως | बिश्वासनि बिनयनाय | New, provisional (on reused roots) | Medium | Prayer and Healing | 5:15 | Built on बिश्वास + बिनयनाय. |
| 57 | save / heal (physical) | σώζω (sōzō, physical sense) | फिटा होनाय (phita honai) | New, provisional | High | Prayer and Healing | 5:15 | Must never merge with the soteriological फोरायनाय rendering (#5). |
| 58 | raise up (from sickness) | ἐγείρω (egeirō, restorative sense) | उठाबनाय (uthabnai) | New, provisional | High | Prayer and Healing | 5:15 | Must never be rendered with जिउनाय सोलायनाय (resurrection, baseline Critical term). |
| 59 | confess sins to one another | ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁμαρτίας | गुनाहखौ सुबुंनाय | New, provisional (on reused root) | High | Confession and Restoration | 5:16 | Mutual/church-community practice; distinguish from sole priestly auricular confession and from ritual confession to doudini/ओझा. |
| 60 | pray for one another | εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων | मोनसे नि थाखाय बिनयनाय | Reused from Romans TM (contextual) | Medium | Confession and Restoration | 5:16 | Reused root applied to mutual congregational context. |
| 61 | be healed | ἰάομαι (iaomai) | फिटा जायनाय (phita jainai) | New, provisional | High | Prayer and Healing | 5:16 | Pairs with #57; physical-healing distinction from salvation maintained. |
| 62 | prayer of a righteous person is powerful | δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη | धार्मिक मानुषनि बिनयनाय सक्तिमान | New, provisional (on reused root) | Medium/High | Prayer and Healing | 5:16 | धार्मिक reused from धार्मिकता root; avoid implying merit-based prayer-power. |
| 63 | wanders from the truth / bring back | πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέψῃ | भुल जायनाय / फिन थानाव फैनाय | New, provisional | Medium | Confession and Restoration | 5:19-20 | |
| 64 | turn back a sinner | ἐπιστρέφω ἁμαρτωλόν | फिन थानाव फैनाय (context-sensitive) | New, provisional | Medium | Confession and Restoration | 5:20 | Context-sensitive between restoration-of-a-straying-believer and initial-conversion senses. |
| 65 | save a soul from death | σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου | फोरायनाय (reused) | Reused from Romans TM | Critical | Confession and Restoration | 5:20 | Soteriological sense; contrast with #57/#61 physical-healing sense used earlier in the same chapter. |
| 66 | cover a multitude of sins | καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | गुनाहखौ बोखबनाय | New, provisional (on reused root) | Medium/High | Confession and Restoration | 5:20 | गुनाह reused from Romans TM. |
| 67 | thanksgiving/blessing (of the tongue) | εὐλογέω (eulogeō) | धिनानाय (dhinanai, adapted) | Reused from Romans TM (adapted) | Low | Taming the Tongue | 3:9 | |
| 68 | peace (empty dismissal vs. relational) | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | सान्ति (santi) | Reused from Romans TM | Medium | Faith and Works | 2:16 | Contrast empty pious dismissal with Romans 5:1’s relational peace-with-God sense. |
| 69 | God | θεός (theos) | ईश्वर (Isor) | Reused from Romans TM | Critical | (multiple) | 1:1 etc. | Same forbidden substitution (never बाथौबुरै). |
| 70 | Scripture | γραφή (graphē) | पबित्र सास्त्र (pobitro sastro) | New, provisional (aligns with baseline doctrine-registry naming) | High | Faith and Works | 2:23 | Ties to baseline “Inspiration of Scripture” doctrine. |
Terms Reused Verbatim from Romans Baseline (No Re-derivation)
| English | Bodo (transliteration) | Risk | James occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| faith | बिश्वास (biswas) | High | 1:3; 2:1, 5, 14-26 (throughout); 5:15 |
| grace | मोफादांनाय दान (mwphwdangnai daan) | Critical | 4:6 |
| sin | गुनाह (gunah) | High | 1:15; 2:9, 11; 4:17; 5:15, 16, 20 |
| God | ईश्वर (Isor) | Critical | throughout |
| Lord | प्रभु (probhu) | Critical | throughout |
| law | बिथान (bithan) | High → Medium (contextual) | 1:25; 2:8-12; 4:11 |
| kingdom of God | ईश्वरनि राज्य (Isornni rajyo) | Medium | 2:5 |
| election | ईश्वरनि सायख (Isornni saikho) | High | 2:5 |
| imputed righteousness | दानै लाबोनाय धार्मिकता | Critical | 2:23 |
| justification | धार्मिक होनाय राव | Critical | 2:21, 24, 25 |
| salvation (soteriological σῴζω) | फोरायनाय (phoraynai) | Critical | 2:14; 5:20 |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता (dharmikota) | Critical | 2:23; 3:18 |
| glory | महिमा (mohima) | High | 2:1 |
| prophet | भाबिष्यत सोंग्रा | Low | 5:10 |
| intercession | मोनसे नि थाखाय बिनयनाय | Medium | 5:16 |
| resurrection (forbidden-term reference only) | जिउनाय सोलायनाय | Critical | Not used in James; cited only as the term James’s ἐγερεῖ (5:15) must be distinguished from |
Cross-Curriculum Consistency Flags for Phase 2
- James 2:23’s ἐλογίσθη εἰς δικαιοσύνην must render identically to Romans 4:3’s translation memory entry (दानै लाबोनाय धार्मिकता) — this is a direct shared citation of Genesis 15:6.
- James’s φίλος θεοῦ (2:23) and φιλία τοῦ κόσμου (4:4) must share a common दोस्त/दोस्ती root so the Greek’s structural wordplay survives into Bodo.
- σῴζω’s two senses (soteriological vs. physical-healing) must never share a Bodo rendering; फोरायनाय is reserved exclusively for the former.
- ἐγείρω in James 5:15 (restorative, “raise up from sickness”) must never be rendered with जिउनाय सोलायनाय (baseline “resurrection,” reserved for Christ’s bodily resurrection and the future resurrection of believers).
- παρουσία (5:7-8) joins जिउनाय सोलायनाय on the list of terms that must never be explained through, or rendered with, cyclical rebirth/reincarnation vocabulary.
- गुनथि (works, new) and its relationship to धार्मिक होनाय राव (justification, reused) is the single highest-priority harmonization item for Phase 1 Step 2 (Doctrine Analysis) and Phase 2 Step 17 (Doctrinal Fidelity Review); every occurrence in James 2:14-26 requires mandatory human theologian review per the baseline’s escalation rules.
This glossary feeds directly into Phase 1 Step 2 (09_doctrine_analysis.md equivalent for James) and the update of translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json for the James curriculum.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: मोफादांनाय दान
Transliteration: mwphwdangnai daan
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: दान गोरोबनाय (reciprocal gift expecting return offering, rejected), पुण्य (Brahma Dharma merit-language, never use)
Original: χάρις
Category: Worldliness
(Inherited from Romans package.) A descriptive compound meaning ‘freely-given gift,’ required to resist both Bathou reciprocal-offering logic and Brahma Dharma’s पुण्य-merit ethic. James usage: James 4:6 (‘God gives grace to the humble’) directly reinforces this same anti-merit, anti-reciprocal-exchange teaching; must reuse this exact rendering, never a paraphrase.
God
Approved rendering: ईश्वर
Transliteration: Isor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: बाथौबुरै (never use as the primary term for the biblical God; reserve strictly for describing traditional Bathou belief)
Original: θεός
Category: God
(Inherited from Romans package.) Deliberately preferred over बाथौबुरै to avoid presenting the biblical God as the existing Bathou high god under a new name. James usage: throughout; especially 1:1, 1:13 (‘God tempts no one’), 1:17 (‘Father of lights’), 4:6-8, 4:12 (sole Lawgiver/Judge).
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: probhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: बुरहा/बर’ऐ titles reserved for Bathoubwrai and Kherai-pantheon elder-deities, never use for Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
(Inherited from Romans package.) Deliberately not a native honorific elder-title, to avoid placing Christ inside the Bathou pantheon. James usage: 1:1, 1:7, 2:1 (‘Lord of glory’), 4:10, 4:15 (‘if the Lord wills’), 5:4 (‘Lord of Sabaoth’), 5:7-8, 5:10, 5:11, 5:14-15 (‘in the name of the Lord’).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: दानै लाबोनाय धार्मिकता
Transliteration: danai labwnai dharmikota
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: मोनसे नि गुनथिजों लाबोनाय धार्मिकता (righteousness earned by one’s own conduct, the explicit rejected opposite)
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: James 2:23 directly cross-quotes Genesis 15:6 — the identical clause Romans 4:3 builds its argument on. Must render IDENTICALLY to the Romans translation-memory entry; any divergence between the two curricula creates an apparent doctrinal contradiction where none exists in the Greek.
Justification
Approved rendering: धार्मिक होनाय राव
Transliteration: dharmik honai rao
Doctrine: Justification by Works (Demonstrative Sense)
Rejected alternatives: गुनाहनि माफ (forgiveness of sin alone, too narrow)
(Inherited from Romans package.) Reused exactly, but James’s δικαιόω (2:21, 24, 25) is DEMONSTRATIVE/VINDICATING — showing an already-credited righteousness to be genuine before observers — not the forensic-declarative sense Romans uses (Romans 3:28; 4:5). MANDATORY disambiguating translator note required at every James occurrence; without it, James 2:21-24 will read as flatly contradicting Romans’s own Critical-risk teaching on justification by faith alone. Both senses are complementary, never contradictory, and must be taught together.
Salvation
Approved rendering: फोरायनाय
Transliteration: phoraynai
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष (Brahma Dharma’s Hindu-derived liberation concept, never use), रैखाथि (protection from the Kherai pantheon against misfortune, never use)
Original: σωτηρία / σώζω (soteriological sense)
Category: Salvation
(Inherited from Romans package.) Reserved EXCLUSIVELY for the soteriological sense of σῴζω. James usage: 2:14 (rhetorical question — can bare profession save?) and 5:20 (‘save a soul from death’). Must NEVER share a rendering with James 5:15-16’s physical-healing sense of the same Greek verb (rendered फिटा होनाय/फिटा जायनाय) — this fence is the single clearest same-chapter collision risk in the letter.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikota
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म (avoid the bare Sanskritic sense of cosmic duty imported through Brahma Dharma reform teaching)
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 2:23 (Abraham’s credited righteousness) and 3:18 (‘fruit of righteousness,’ धार्मिकतानि सुबुद). Must be explicitly defined as right standing before God received through faith, not a reformed community’s code of right conduct.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: जिउनाय सोलायनाय
Transliteration: jiunai solainai
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: फिन जोनोम (rebirth into a new life-cycle, a concept absorbed into Brahma Dharma from Hindu reincarnation teaching, never use)
(Inherited from Romans package.) NOT used directly in James’s own text, but registered here because it must be ACTIVELY EXCLUDED from two James renderings: 5:15’s ἐγερεῖ (‘raise up’ from sickness, rendered उठाबनाय) and 5:7-8’s παρουσία (the Lord’s coming, rendered प्रभुनि फिन फैनाय). Neither may borrow this term’s vocabulary or be explained through cyclical rebirth/reincarnation imagery.
Jesus
Approved rendering: जिसु
Transliteration: Jisu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 1:1, 2:1 (‘our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory’). Follows the established Bodo Bible form; verify against a current printed copy before finalizing.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: mosih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 1:1, 2:1 (‘Jesus Christ’). Never presented as one of many deities or spirit-mediators recognized in the Bathou pantheon.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पबित्र आत्था
Transliteration: pobitro aatha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: देउ (a generic spirit-being from the Bathou/Kherai pantheon, never use), बुरहा-बुरही आत्था (ancestral household spirits, never use)
(Inherited from Romans package.) NOT named directly in James, but registered here as the fixed boundary term against which two James-specific terms must be fenced: बेया आत्था (‘demons,’ 2:19) and प्राण (‘breath/life-spirit,’ 2:26). Never render either with bare आत्था; the qualifier पबित्र must always distinguish this term from both.
Father
Approved rendering: आफा
Transliteration: afa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: बाथौबुरै (reserve strictly for describing traditional belief, never for the biblical Father)
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 1:17, ‘the Father of lights’ (आफा…बुथुरखौ मुनबाय) — God as the unchanging source of every good gift, contrasted with the changeable heavenly bodies; must not imply God is one luminous being among the sijou plant’s five elements (including okhrang/sky).
Works
Approved rendering: गुनथि
Transliteration: gunthi
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: पुण्य (Brahma Dharma merit-language, never use as gloss), reciprocal Bathou/Kherai offering-exchange framing, rejected
Original: ἔργα
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:14ff). Concrete deeds that are the observable fruit and proof of genuine faith, never a separate means of earning righteousness before God. Must be taught as the fruit of an already-possessed faith, never the ground of righteousness, which Romans reserves to faith alone; without this explicit distinction both Bathou reciprocal-offering logic and Brahma Dharma’s पुण्य-merit ethic will absorb ‘faith without गुनथि is dead’ as confirmation of a merit-based system. Single highest-priority harmonization item in the whole James curriculum.
Justification By Works Demonstrative
Approved rendering: धार्मिक होनाय राव (सिथाबनाय राव)
Transliteration: dharmik honai rao (sithabnai rao)
Doctrine: Justification by Works (Demonstrative Sense)
Original: δικαιόω (δικαιοῦται, ἐδικαιώθη)
Category: Faith and Works
Sense-flag entry (James 2:21, 24, 25), sharing its Bodo phrase with the reused baseline ‘justification’ entry above. Registered separately to force a mandatory disambiguating translator note at every occurrence, distinguishing James’s demonstrative/vindicating sense from Romans’s forensic-declarative sense. Never resolved by softening either letter.
Faith Alone Only
Approved rendering: गोबां
Transliteration: gwbang
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: ἐκ πίστεως μόνον
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:24, μόνον). Standard Bodo restrictive particle; sits at the center of the historic Protestant/Catholic sola fide debate. James attacks bare-profession faith with no living response at all, not the sola fide of Romans’s forensic argument. Curriculum teaching notes (not the translation itself) must state plainly that James and Paul use ‘faith,’ ‘works,’ and ‘justified’ with different but complementary referents.
Demons
Approved rendering: बेया आत्था
Transliteration: beya aatha
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: देउ (Bathou pantheon nature/ancestral spirits, never use), the spirit understood to fill a doudini during Kherai-trance, never use
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:19, δαιμόνια). Hostile, personal, non-divine spirit-beings opposed to God who nonetheless hold correct monotheistic belief and respond with terror. Must be sharply distinguished from देउ, from the doudini’s Kherai-trance spirit (treated in that framework as a channel of divine favor, not a hostile power), and from पबित्र आत्था. Provisional pending confirmation by a Bodo-speaking theologian.
Law Of Liberty
Approved rendering: स्वाधीनता / स्वाधीननि बिथान
Transliteration: swadhinota / swadhinni bithan
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति/मोक्ष-family vocabulary, absolutely forbidden — already forbidden in the Romans baseline for ‘salvation’
Original: νόμος τέλειος τῆς ἐλευθερίας / ἐλευθερία
Category: Covenant and Law
New term (James 1:25; recurs 2:12, ἐλευθερία). स्वाधीनता is a political/moral-freedom loanword deliberately chosen because it carries no cyclical-liberation connotation. God’s revealed will, experienced as freeing rather than burdensome; ‘doer of the word’ must not be reheard as rule-compliance earning standing.
Earthly Demonic Wisdom Vs Wisdom From Above
Approved rendering: मानसिनि बिबेकनाय / बेया आत्थानि बिबेकनाय / ईश्वरनिफ्राय फैनाय बिबेकनाय
Transliteration: manwsini bibeikonai / beya aathani bibeikonai / Isornniphrai phoinai bibeikonai
Doctrine: Earthly and Demonic Wisdom
Rejected alternatives: treating doudini oracular insight as a legitimate fourth ‘spiritual’ category, absolutely rejected
Original: σοφία ψυχική / δαιμονιώδης vs. σοφία ἄνωθεν
Category: Wisdom
New term-set (James 3:15, 17, σοφία ψυχική/δαιμονιώδης vs. σοφία ἄνωθεν). बेया आत्थानि बिबेकनाय uses the same बेया आत्था root as ‘demons’ (2:19). Both terms must exclude any suggestion that wisdom could come through a legitimate spiritual channel recognized in Bathou practice; James categorizes earthly/demonic wisdom as morally corrupting regardless of its felt spiritual intensity. This is the doctrine’s core term-pair; use consistently everywhere ‘Wisdom from Above’ is taught.
Friendship With World
Approved rendering: दुनियानि दोस्ती / ईश्वरनि गोरोब
Transliteration: duniyani dosti / Isornni gorob
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: reading κόσμος as condemning the physical creation itself, absolutely rejected
Original: φιλία τοῦ κόσμου / ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:4, φιλία τοῦ κόσμου / ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ). A binary, exclusive relational choice with no neutral middle ground. Must echo ईश्वरनि दोस्त (‘friend of God,’ 2:23) so the same structural contrast the Greek reader sees is visible in Bodo. κόσμος is a moral-allegiance category, sharply distinguished from ha (earth) and the created natural order revered in Bathou cosmology’s five elements.
Grace To The Humble
Approved rendering: मोफादांनाय दान (गोहोमथायनि थाखाय)
Transliteration: mwphwdangnai daan (gohomthaini thakhai)
Doctrine: Grace to the Humble
Rejected alternatives: पुण्य or reciprocal-exchange framing, absolutely rejected
Contextual application (James 4:6) of the reused baseline grace term; must use the identical मोफादांनाय दान rendering verbatim, reinforcing (never re-arguing) that grace is unmerited and never a reciprocal ritual exchange or accumulated पुण्य-merit.
Lords Coming Return
Approved rendering: प्रभुनि फिन फैनाय
Transliteration: probhuni phin phoinai
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: फिन जोनोम (rebirth/reincarnation vocabulary, absolutely forbidden — same forbidden-term logic as the baseline’s ‘resurrection’ entry)
Original: παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
New term (James 5:7-8, παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου). Christ’s future, personal, visible, single, historical return. Must never be rendered with, or explained through, cyclical-return or rebirth vocabulary. Requires the same mandatory human-theologian review the baseline assigns to Resurrection and Lordship of Christ, at every occurrence.
Save Soul From Death
Approved rendering: फोरायनाय
Transliteration: phoraynai
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου
Category: Salvation
Reuses the baseline फोरायनाय term (James 5:20, σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου). Translators must track which sense of σῴζω is active within chapter 5, since the physical-healing sense (फिटा होनाय/फिटा जायनाय) was used earlier in the same chapter at 5:15-16.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: बिश्वास
Transliteration: biswas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: भरोसा (generic trust, too weak alone)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
(Inherited from Romans package.) बिश्वास covers belief and trust; the object of faith must always be specified in context. James usage: recurs throughout 1:3; 2:1, 5, 14-26 (core passage); 5:15. In James, बिश्वास must never be read as generic religious devotion transferable to Bathoubwrai or the Kherai pantheon; the object (God/Christ) must remain contextually explicit at every occurrence.
Sin
Approved rendering: गुनाह
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: दोष (fault/blame, too weak/civic)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
(Inherited from Romans package.) Moral transgression before a personal God, distinguished from ritual impurity addressed through Bathou/Kherai cleansing rites. James usage: 1:15; 2:9, 11; 4:17; 5:15, 16, 20.
Election
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि सायख
Transliteration: Isornni saikho
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: भागी (fate/fortune, too impersonal)
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 2:5 (‘God has chosen the poor’), a specific pastoral application of the reused root, distinct from Romans 9’s technical soteriological-election argument; requires a contextual disambiguating note at every James occurrence even while the same Bodo root is retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mohima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 2:1, ‘the Lord of glory’ (महिमानि प्रभु) — an early, striking ascription of divine glory to Jesus. Avoid metaphors that could be read as describing trance-radiance or oracular authority attributed to a doudini during Kherai puja.
Dead Faith
Approved rendering: गुबुन
Transliteration: gubun
Doctrine: Dead Faith
Rejected alternatives: जिउनाय सोलायनाय-adjacent rebirth vocabulary, rejected
Original: νεκρά (of πίστις)
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:17, 20, 26). Ordinary Bodo word for physical death; carries no independent religious risk, but the metaphor must be carried consistently through the body/spirit inclusio at 2:26 without drifting into resurrection vocabulary. Describes a present lifeless condition, not a rebirth event.
Work Together Cooperate
Approved rendering: दोगोनजों गुनथि खालामनाय
Transliteration: dogonjw gunthi khalamnai
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: 50/50 partnership framing between human effort and divine grace, rejected
Original: συνεργέω
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:22, συνεργέω). Faith and गुनथि as one organic reality operating together, not two independent causes of the same effect; must not imply a merit-partnership of the kind Brahma Dharma’s karma-ethic would readily supply.
Perfected Completed
Approved rendering: पूरा जायनाय
Transliteration: pura jainai
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: τελειόω (ἐτελειώθη)
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:22, τελειόω). Faith brought to its intended completeness/maturity through works, not made righteous for the first time; गुनथि is the full flowering of a faith already alive and already justified from the start, not an installment payment toward righteousness.
Friend Of God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि दोस्त
Transliteration: Isornni dost
Doctrine: Friendship with God as Covenant Intimacy
Rejected alternatives: patron-client/reciprocal-obligation vocabulary, rejected
Original: φίλος θεοῦ
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:23, φίλος θεοῦ). A unique honorific relational title denoting covenantal intimacy with God, applied to Abraham. Must share its दोस्त root with 4:4’s ‘friendship with the world’ (दुनियानि दोस्ती) so the Bodo reader sees the same structural either/or contrast the Greek reader sees.
Breath Life Spirit
Approved rendering: प्राण
Transliteration: pran
Doctrine: Dead Faith
Rejected alternatives: bare आत्था alone, never use
Original: πνεῦμα (James 2:26 sense)
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:26, πνεῦμα in the body/spirit analogy). The animating breath/life-principle that makes a body alive, NOT the Holy Spirit. Must never be rendered with आत्था alone, since the baseline already restricts आत्था as insufficient even for the Holy Spirit without the पबित्र qualifier; using आत्था unqualified here would imply a body is animated by the same kind of spirit-being invoked in Bathou/Kherai practice.
Trial Temptation
Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: porikkha
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ritual ordeal/appeasement-testing framing, rejected
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Trials and Testing
New term (James 1:2-4, 12-14, πειρασμός/πειράζω). Context-sensitive across external testing/hardship (1:2-4, 12) and internal enticement to sin (1:13-14), parallel to the baseline’s ‘called’ entry. Must teach explicitly which sense is active in each occurrence; 1:13’s ‘God tempts no one’ must never bleed backward into softening 1:2’s ‘count it joy.‘
Endurance
Approved rendering: सहसनाय
Transliteration: sahasonai
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: भागी-style fatalistic resignation, rejected
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Trials and Testing
New term (James 1:3-4, ὑπομονή; reused at 5:11 for ‘the patience of Job’). Active, patient perseverance under pressure toward a God-given goal, not passive resignation. Must be distinguished from भागी fatalism, per the baseline’s own caution on providence and election. Distinct from μακροθυμέω/सहा थानाय (5:7-11), a related but separate people-directed nuance — the two must never collapse into one generic ‘waiting’ idea.
Perfect Complete Whole
Approved rendering: सम्पूर्ण
Transliteration: sompurno
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: Brahma Dharma’s self-achieved ethical-perfection ideal, rejected
Original: τέλειος / ὁλόκληρος
Category: Trials and Testing
New term (James 1:4, τέλειος/ὁλόκληρος). Spirit-produced wholeness of character as the goal of endurance under trial, not a self-attained moral standard.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: बिबेकनाय
Transliteration: bibeikonai
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: doudini oracular trance-mediated insight, never a valid channel
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:5-8, σοφία; also 3:13 σοφός/ἐπιστήμων, wise/understanding person, बिबेकनाय मानुष). Practical, God-given skill for righteous living, requested directly of God through prayer, not obtained through a ritual specialist’s mediation or trance-state insight.
Word Of Truth Implanted Word
Approved rendering: गोसोआव बानायख्रि राव
Transliteration: gwswao banaikhri rao
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:18, 21, λόγος ἀληθείας / ἔμφυτος λόγος). The gospel message, truthful in origin and organically ‘planted’ within the believer. Ties to the baseline’s Inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine; the ‘planted’ metaphor must be taught as internal, organic reception, distinct from any external ritual implantation rite.
Religion True
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि सेवा
Transliteration: Isornni sewa
Doctrine: True Religion and Care for the Vulnerable
Rejected alternatives: धर्म (Brahma Dharma’s own codified reform vocabulary, avoid as primary gloss)
Original: θρησκεία
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:26-27, θρησκεία). James defines ‘pure and undefiled’ religion ethically (caring for orphans/widows, remaining unstained by the world), not ritually. Must not be reduced to ritual performance, purification rite, or communal reform program.
Fire Hell
Approved rendering: पुर / गेहेन्ना
Transliteration: pur / geheñña
Doctrine: The Tongue as Untamable Fire
Original: πῦρ / γέεννα
Category: Speech and the Tongue
New term (James 3:5-6, πῦρ/γέεννα). The tongue described as a destructive fire ‘set on fire by Gehenna.’ पुर risks unintended resonance with ओर, the sacred fire-element among the sijou plant’s five branches central to Bathou cosmology (ha/dwi/bar/or/okhrang); must be taught carefully so the tongue’s destructive Gehenna-fire is never conflated with, or borrows reverence from, Bathou’s revered elemental fire. गेहेन्ना retained as a transliterated proper noun.
Likeness Of God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि रूपाव
Transliteration: Isornni rupao
Doctrine: Human Dignity in God’s Likeness
Original: ὁμοίωσις θεοῦ
Category: Speech and the Tongue
New term (James 3:9, ὁμοίωσις θεοῦ). Grounds the prohibition on cursing fellow humans in inherent, God-given dignity, a foundational anthropological claim; risk of dilution into a generic honorific if untaught as such.
Wisdoms Fruit
Approved rendering: (composite list — पबित्र/साफ, सान्तिमय, गोहोमथाय, मानोन-होनाय-सोलोंथाय, दयाजों/गुबां गुनथिजों गोदान, अदिआक्रितोस्-अदृगोमानथाय, अनुपोकृत/साफ-गोसो)
Transliteration: hagnē / eirēnikē / epieikēs / eupeithēs / mestē eleous / adiakritos / anypokritos (Bodo composite, term-by-term)
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: collapsing the list into a single vague ‘goodness’ gloss, rejected
Original: ἁγνή, εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, μεστὴ ἐλέους καὶ καρπῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἀδιάκριτος, ἀνυπόκριτος
Category: Wisdom
New term-set (James 3:17). Each quality (pure, peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial, sincere) should retain its own distinct Bodo term; ἀδιάκριτος (‘impartial’) should echo the same root used for προσωπολημψία’s negation (favoritism) in chapter 2 for thematic consistency. Full term-by-term rendering to be finalized with a Bodo-speaking theologian before Phase 2 enforcement.
Favoritism
Approved rendering: मुखो सायनाय
Transliteration: mukho sainai
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
New term (James 2:1, 9, προσωπολημψία). Differential treatment based on outward appearance, status, or wealth within the assembly. Must be taught as a concrete, examinable congregational practice against the backdrop of real socio-economic and clan-status stratification in Bodo village and church life, not an abstract vice.
Royal Law
Approved rendering: राज्यनि बिथान
Transliteration: rajyoni bithan
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Love
Original: νόμος βασιλικός
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
New term (James 2:8, νόμος βασιλικός), built on the reused बिथान root. The law of love for neighbor, described as ‘royal’ because it summarizes and fulfills the whole law given by the King; must communicate summarizing/fulfilling force, not merely ‘an important rule.‘
Wealth And Divine Judgment Terms
Approved rendering: गोलायनाय / मर्जा जानाय / सुख-सान्तिजों थानाय
Transliteration: golainai / morja jainai / sukh-santijw thanai
Doctrine: Wealth and Divine Judgment
Original: σήπω / ἰὸς κατίωται / τρυφάω / σπαταλάω
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
New term-set (James 5:2-3, 5, σήπω/ἰὸς κατίωται/τρυφάω/σπαταλάω). Hoarded wealth’s inherent perishability and the self-indulgent luxury it funds; the concrete social-justice content (withheld wages) must be preserved as real economic conduct, not softened into abstract spiritual metaphor.
Spiritual Adultery
Approved rendering: व्यभिचारी
Transliteration: byabhichari
Doctrine: Spiritual Adultery and Worldliness
Original: μοιχαλίδες
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:4, μοιχαλίδες). Figurative spiritual unfaithfulness to God likened to marital infidelity, echoing Old Testament covenant-unfaithfulness imagery. Must be explicitly marked as figurative, not a literal accusation, and requires OT marriage-covenant background teaching given generally low OT narrative literacy in this audience.
World Kosmos
Approved rendering: दुनिया
Transliteration: duniya
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: κόσμος
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 1:27; 4:4, κόσμος). The morally corrupting social order in rebellion against God, not the created physical world. Must be sharply distinguished from ha (earth) and the sijou plant’s five elements (ha/dwi/bar/or/okhrang) revered in Bathou cosmology.
Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: Shaitan
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
Rejected alternatives: treating शैतान as merely one member of the general बेया आत्था class, rejected
Original: διάβολος
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:7, διάβολος). Requires verification against a current printed Bodo Bible to confirm this attested loanword. Must be clearly distinguished as ONE specific, chief, personal adversary — not one nature-spirit among the Bathou pantheon, nor merely a generic category-member of बेया आत्था. Active resistance (not passive fear or ritual appeasement) is the commanded response.
Draw Near To God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि ओरैथाय फैनाय
Transliteration: Isornni oraithai phoinai
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: mediated ritual access through a doudini or ओझा, implicitly rejected
Original: ἐγγίζω τῷ θεῷ
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:8, ἐγγίζω τῷ θεῷ). Direct, unmediated access to God through repentance, met by God’s reciprocal drawing near; contrast with mediated ritual access should be stated explicitly in teaching notes.
Patience Toward People
Approved rendering: सहा थानाय
Transliteration: saha thanai
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Original: μακροθυμέω
Category: Eschatology
New term (James 5:7-8, 10, μακροθυμέω). Patient forbearance especially toward people and circumstances, modeled on the farmer awaiting harvest (5:7); distinguished from सहसनाय (ὑπομονή, endurance under trial, 1:3-4) — the two must never collapse into one generic ‘waiting’ idea, since James uses two distinct Greek verbs with distinct nuances.
Last Days
Approved rendering: गुबुन दिनफोर
Transliteration: gubun dinphor
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return
Rejected alternatives: cyclical-time framing, rejected
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology
New term (James 5:3, ἔσχαται ἡμέραι). Frames the whole chapter within an already-inaugurated, linear eschatological era preceding Christ’s return, consistent with the Romans baseline’s fulfillment-of-prophecy doctrine.
Judge At The Door
Approved rendering: फैसला-होग्रा दुवाराव थायो
Transliteration: phoisola-hogra duwarao thayo
Doctrine: Judgment at the Door
Original: κριτής πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν
Category: Eschatology
New term (James 5:9, κριτής πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν). A vivid image of Christ’s imminent return as Judge, reinforcing the imminence taught by प्रभुनि फिन फैनाय; must remain consistent with that term’s forbidden-substitution rules.
Elders Of Church
Approved rendering: मण्डलीनि बुरहा-मानुष
Transliteration: mwndolini bwrha-manwsw
Doctrine: Anointing and Church Eldership
Rejected alternatives: equating with generic village/clan elder status, rejected, equating with a doudini or ओझा ritual specialist, rejected
Original: πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας
Category: Prayer and Healing
New term (James 5:14, πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας). Ordained/recognized church leadership responsible for pastoral care. Must be clearly distinguished from traditional village/clan elders and from Bathou ritual specialists; this is a specific, recognized church office exercising pastoral, not mediumistic, ministry.
Anoint With Oil
Approved rendering: तेल सोहानाय
Transliteration: tel sohanai
Doctrine: Anointing and Church Eldership
Rejected alternatives: magical or mediumistic ritual-healing framing, rejected
Original: ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ
Category: Prayer and Healing
New term (James 5:14, ἀλείφω ἐλαίῳ). A physical act accompanying prayer for the sick. Requires explicit contrastive teaching: performed by recognized church elders in Christ’s name, not a rite comparable to practices attributed to a doudini or ओझा.
Save Heal Physical
Approved rendering: फिटा होनाय
Transliteration: phita honai
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: merging with फोरायनाय (soteriological salvation), absolutely rejected
Original: σῴζω (physical-healing sense, 5:15)
Category: Prayer and Healing
New term (James 5:15, σῴζω physical-healing sense). Required precisely because फोरायनाय must remain reserved exclusively for eschatological salvation; merging the two senses would blur that carefully-taught conceptual-gap distinction and could suggest physical healing itself is the eschatological deliverance.
Raise Up From Sickness
Approved rendering: उठाबनाय
Transliteration: uthabnai
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: जिउनाय सोलायनाय (resurrection vocabulary), absolutely rejected
Original: ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος
Category: Prayer and Healing
New term (James 5:15, ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος). Restoration from sickness to health/strength, NOT resurrection from death. Must never be rendered with, or allowed to echo, the baseline resurrection term; this is bodily recovery from illness, a discrete, lower-stakes event.
Confess Sins To One Another
Approved rendering: गुनाहखौ सुबुंनाय
Transliteration: gunahkhou subungnai
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Rejected alternatives: exclusively priest-mediated auricular confession as the sole legitimate form, rejected (requires careful, non-polemical framing), ritual confession to a doudini/ओझा for removing misfortune, rejected
Original: ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁμαρτίας
Category: Confession and Restoration
New term (James 5:16, ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁμαρτίας). Mutual, reciprocal confession among believers. Must be taught as a mutual, whole-church-community practice.
Be Healed
Approved rendering: फिटा जायनाय
Transliteration: phita jainai
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: ἰαθῆτε
Category: Prayer and Healing
New term (James 5:16, ἰαθῆτε), pairing with फिटा होनाय (5:15). The physical-healing distinction from soteriological salvation must be maintained consistently.
Prayer Of Righteous Powerful
Approved rendering: धार्मिक मानुषनि बिनयनाय सक्तिमान
Transliteration: dharmik manwsini binoinai saktiman
Doctrine: The Powerful Prayer of the Righteous
Rejected alternatives: implying prayer’s power derives from personal merit or ritual status, rejected
Original: δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Prayer and Healing
New compound (James 5:16-18, δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη), on the reused धार्मिक root. Illustrated by Elijah, presented as an ordinary human whose prayer nonetheless had great effect. Care must be taken not to imply the prayer’s power derives from the person’s own merit or status rather than from God graciously answering it.
Cover Multitude Of Sins
Approved rendering: गुनाहखौ बोखबनाय
Transliteration: gunahkhou bokhobnai
Doctrine: Covering of Sins through Restoration
Rejected alternatives: implying the restoring believer’s own merit accomplishes the covering, rejected
Original: καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Confession and Restoration
New term (James 5:20, καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν), built on the reused गुनाह root. The letter’s closing promise that restorative love addresses much sin; should be taught as flowing from grace, not from merit or ritual standing.
Scripture
Approved rendering: पबित्र सास्त्र
Transliteration: pobitro sastro
Doctrine: Justification by Works (Demonstrative Sense)
Original: γραφή
Category: Wisdom
New term, aligned with the baseline doctrine-registry naming for ‘Inspiration of Scripture’ (James 2:23, γραφή). Ties to the baseline’s Inspiration-of-Scripture doctrine; must be taught as a distinct, closed, God-breathed category, since Bathou oral tradition has no fixed written scripture and Brahma Dharma produced its own separate reform literature.
Lord Of Glory
Approved rendering: महिमानि प्रभु
Transliteration: mohimani probhu
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: κύριος τῆς δόξης (implicit, 2:1)
Category: Christology
New compound (James 2:1, implicit κύριος τῆς δόξης), combining the reused baseline roots प्रभु and महिमा. An early, striking ascription of divine glory to Jesus; reinforces Christ’s full deity and should be taught alongside the baseline’s Deity-of-Christ doctrine notes.
Medium Risk Terms
Law
Approved rendering: बिथान
Transliteration: bithan
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Love
Rejected alternatives: धर्मनि नियम (Brahma Dharma’s own codified religious-conduct rules, avoid as the primary gloss)
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: builds the compound राज्यनि बिथान (‘royal law,’ 2:8) and स्वाधीननि बिथान (‘law of liberty,’ 1:25; 2:12); must be distinguished from Brahma Dharma’s codified reform conduct-rules.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनि राज्य
Transliteration: Isornni rajyo
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 2:5, the realm the economically poor are promised to inherit as ‘heirs of the kingdom.‘
Intercession
Approved rendering: मोनसे नि थाखाय बिनयनाय
Transliteration: monse ni thakhai binoinai
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 5:16, ‘pray for one another’ (εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων) — the same reused root applied to a mutual/reciprocal congregational context rather than the Spirit’s own intercession of Romans 8:26-27.
Peace
Approved rendering: सान्ति
Transliteration: santi
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Faith and Works
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 2:16, ‘go in peace’ as an EMPTY pious dismissal withheld of any accompanying deed — the opposite pole from Romans 5:1’s relational peace-with-God. The contrast between the word of peace and the withheld deed is the entire point of the verse and must not be softened.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mwndoli
Doctrine: Anointing and Church Eldership
Rejected alternatives: नमासोलि (Bathou/Kherai shrine site or worship ground, never use)
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: underlies 5:14’s ‘elders of the church’ (मण्डलीनि बुरहा-मानुष); James’s own 2:2 συναγωγή (‘assembly/synagogue’) is a related but distinct Jewish-Christian gathering term, rendered जमा जाथाय, and its relationship to मण्डली should be clarified in teaching notes.
Testing That Proves
Approved rendering: परीक्षा-खान्थि
Transliteration: porikkha-khanthi
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Trials and Testing
New term (James 1:3, δοκίμιον). The refining process by which the genuineness of faith is proven, as in refining metal; not a punitive ordeal or appeasement ritual directed at securing divine favor.
Double Minded
Approved rendering: दुसारि गोसो
Transliteration: dusari gwsw
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: δίψυχος
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:8; recurs 4:8, δίψυχος). Inward division between trust in God and worldly hedging, in contrast to single-minded trust. Keep structurally identical at both occurrences for thematic recognition.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: लोभ
Transliteration: lobh
Doctrine: Temptation and the Origin of Sin
Rejected alternatives: external spirit-agency causation of sin, rejected
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Trials and Testing
New term (James 1:14-15; 4:1-3, ἐπιθυμία/ἡδονή). Disordered inward desire that gives birth to sin, located within the person rather than an external supernatural cause. An important corrective given the range of spirit-causation explanations for misfortune/wrongdoing in Bathou village religious life.
Bridle Tame Tongue
Approved rendering: गाड़ी लाबोनाय-सोरनाय / दमबनाय
Transliteration: gari labwnai-sornai / dombonai
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: χαλιναγωγέω / δαμάζω
Category: Speech and the Tongue
New term (James 1:26; 3:2-3, 7-8, χαλιναγωγέω/δαμάζω). Controlling the tongue as one controls an animal with a bit; James declares this ultimately beyond unaided human effort, implying need for Spirit-enabled, not self-achieved, self-control. Horse-bridling image’s naturalness in Bodo agrarian idiom requires native-speaker confirmation.
Fruit Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकतानि सुबुद
Transliteration: dharmikotani subudo
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 3:18, καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης). The harvest produced by peacemaking, built on the reused धार्मिकता root; the harvest-metaphor must be kept distinct from Kherai-puja harvest offerings made to Mainao, the Bathou goddess of wealth and rice.
Poor
Approved rendering: गरीब
Transliteration: gorib
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πτωχός
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
New term (James 1:9-10; 2:2-6; echoed 5:1-6, πτωχός). Standard loanword; James’s consistently sympathetic pastoral framing must be preserved.
Rich
Approved rendering: धनी
Transliteration: dhoni
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
New term (James 1:10-11; 2:2-6; 5:1-6, πλούσιος). Standard loanword; James’s consistently negative/warning framing toward wealth (never aspirational) must be preserved without softening.
Mercy Merciless Judgment
Approved rendering: दया / दयाजायै फैसला
Transliteration: doya / doya jayai phoisola
Doctrine: The Royal Law of Love
Original: ἔλεος / ἀνέλεος κρίσις
Category: Favoritism and Wealth
New term (James 2:13, ἔλεος/ἀνέλεος κρίσις). Compassionate practical kindness, counterbalanced by the eschatological consequence of showing none; the stark judgment clause must not be smoothed away.
Wages Of Laborers
Approved rendering: गुज्रि मुजुरी
Transliteration: gujri mujuri
Doctrine: Wealth and Divine Judgment
New term (James 5:4, μισθὸς ἐργατῶν / ἀφυστερέω). Concrete economic injustice — withheld just wages crying out against the oppressor; ties James’s ethics to real economic conduct, not abstract piety.
Kyrios Sabaoth
Approved rendering: प्रभु सबाओथ (सेनानि प्रभु)
Transliteration: probhu Sabaoth (senani probhu)
Doctrine: Wealth and Divine Judgment
New term (James 5:4, κύριος Σαβαώθ). A Hebrew divine-military title, ‘Lord of the [heavenly] armies,’ emphasizing God’s sovereign power to vindicate the oppressed; retained as transliteration with an explanatory Bodo gloss.
Humility And Pride
Approved rendering: गोमान / गोहोमथाय
Transliteration: gwman / gohomthai
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: ὑπερήφανος / ταπεινός
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:6, ὑπερήφανος/ταπεινός). The proud-humble contrast structuring the chapter’s second half, echoing 1:9-10’s status reversal; grace flows to the humble, not the self-exalting.
Submit To God Resist Devil
Approved rendering: गुरैनाय / मानोन होनाय
Transliteration: gurainai / manwn honai
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
Original: ἀντιτάσσομαι / ὑποτάσσω
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:6-7, ἀντιτάσσομαι/ὑποτάσσω). God actively opposes the proud; believers are called to active, willing submission to God’s authority, not passive resignation or stoic acceptance of fate.
Lawgiver Judge
Approved rendering: बिथान होनाय / फैसला खान्थि
Transliteration: bithan honai / phoisola khanthi
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
Original: νομοθέτης / κριτής
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:11-12, νομοθέτης/κριτής). God alone holds ultimate lawgiving and judging authority; humans who judge one another usurp it. Must retain the sense of a single divine Lawgiver-Judge, not one judge among several communal or ritual authorities.
Boasting Arrogance
Approved rendering: गोमान रायनाय
Transliteration: gwman rainai
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
New term (James 4:16, ἀλαζονεία). Proud self-confidence disregarding dependence on God; names the specific sin of over-confident planning about the future (4:13-16).
Jealousy Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: हींसा / गोबां लाबोगोन बिबाब
Transliteration: hinsa / gwbang labwgwn bibab
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
New term (James 3:14, 16, ζῆλος πικρός/ἐριθεία). The fruit of ‘earthly’ wisdom — rivalrous, self-serving inward disposition, source of social and communal disorder.
Patience Of Job
Approved rendering: सहसनाय (अय्यूबनि)
Transliteration: sahasonai (Ayyubni)
Doctrine: Judgment at the Door
Original: ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ
Category: Eschatology
New term (James 5:11, ὑπομονὴ Ἰώβ), reusing सहसनाय from 1:3-4. Job’s proverbial endurance under extreme suffering held up as a model; requires Old Testament (Job) narrative background so as not to be misread as fatalistic resignation.
Oath Swear
Approved rendering: कसम खावनाय
Transliteration: kosom khawnai
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Rejected alternatives: ritual oath-taking invoking Bathoubwrai or the Kherai pantheon, rejected
Original: ὅρκος / ὀμνύω
Category: Speech and the Tongue
New term (James 5:12, ὅρκος/ὀμνύω). Prohibition of oath-taking; a plain ‘yes’ or ‘no’ should suffice. Calls for simple integrity of speech, distinguished from ritual oath-taking practices.
Prayer Of Faith
Approved rendering: बिश्वासनि बिनयनाय
Transliteration: biswasni binoinai
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως
Category: Prayer and Healing
New compound (James 5:15, εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως), built on the reused बिश्वास root. Prayer offered in genuine trust in God’s power and character for the sick.
Pray For One Another
Approved rendering: मोनसे नि थाखाय बिनयनाय
Transliteration: monse ni thakhai binoinai
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων
Category: Confession and Restoration
(Inherited root from Romans package ‘intercession.’) James usage: 5:16, εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων, applied to a mutual/reciprocal congregational context rather than the Spirit’s own intercession of Romans 8:26-27.
Wander From Truth Bring Back
Approved rendering: भुल जायनाय / फिन थानाव फैनाय
Transliteration: bhul jainai / phin thanao phoinai
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέψῃ τις αὐτόν
Category: Confession and Restoration
New term (James 5:19-20, πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας / ἐπιστρέψῃ τις αὐτόν). A believer straying from gospel truth, restored through the caring intervention of another believer; closes the letter on pastoral restoration, not condemnation.
Turn Back A Sinner
Approved rendering: फिन थानाव फैनाय
Transliteration: phin thanao phoinai
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration
Original: ἐπιστρέφω ἁμαρτωλόν
Category: Confession and Restoration
New term (James 5:20, ἐπιστρέφω ἁμαρτωλόν), context-sensitive with the term above. Should be taught as restoration of a straying believer, not the initial conversion of an unbeliever, though the same Bodo vocabulary may apply to both senses with contextual clarification.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: das
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: low ritual caste-status connotation, rejected
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
New term (James 1:1, δοῦλος). One wholly owned by and obligated to a master; James’s self-identification as Christ’s servant. Must not carry the connotation of low ritual caste-status sometimes attached to servant-language in South Asian contexts; this is a posture of honored submission.
Diaspora Scattering
Approved rendering: बिथिर्नाय
Transliteration: bithirnai
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
New term (James 1:1, διασπορά). Frames the letter as written to a scattered, pressured minority community — resonant with Bodo Christians’ own minority status amid Bathouist, Brahma Dharma, and Hindu-majority surroundings.
Unstained By The World
Approved rendering: साफ गुदि/गोसो
Transliteration: saphe gudi/gwsw
Doctrine: True Religion and Care for the Vulnerable
Original: ἄσπιλος
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:27, ἄσπιλος). Moral purity, remaining untainted by the corrupting social order; must be distinguished from साफ as ritual purity alone, per the baseline’s caution distinguishing साफ from पबित्र.
Father Of Lights
Approved rendering: आफा…बुथुरखौ मुनबाय
Transliteration: afa…buthurkhw munobai
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Original: πατὴρ τῶν φώτων
Category: God
New compound (James 1:17, πατὴρ τῶν φώτων), built on the reused आफा root. God as the unchanging source of every good gift, contrasted with the changeable heavenly bodies; must avoid implying God is one luminous being among a pantheon of sky-elements (okhrang is one of the sijou plant’s five elements in Bathou cosmology).
Hearer And Doer Of The Word
Approved rendering: रावखौ गोमोन मानुष / रावखौ सोदोब मानुष
Transliteration: rawkhou gwmwn manwsw / rawkhou sodob manwsw
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Original: ἀκροατής / ποιητὴς λόγου
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:22-25, ἀκροατής/ποιητὴς λόγου). The contrast between passive reception and active obedience to the word; directly anticipates the Faith-and-Works argument of chapter 2 — hearing without doing is as empty as faith without गुनथि.
Wise Understanding Person
Approved rendering: बिबेकनाय मानुष
Transliteration: bibeikonai manwsw
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
New term (James 3:13, σοφός/ἐπιστήμων), built on the बिबेकनाय root. One possessing genuine, godly discernment; introduces the ‘two wisdoms’ contrast completed in vv. 15-17.
Abraham
Approved rendering: अब्राहाम
Transliteration: Abraham
Doctrine: Faith and Works
New proper-name transliteration required for James 2:21-23, the letter’s central Old Testament exemplar (also relevant to Romans 4). No existing Bodo Bible form was logged in the Romans baseline; fix this transliteration now for both curricula and verify against a current printed Bodo Bible.
Rahab
Approved rendering: राहाब
Transliteration: Rahab
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: euphemizing her identity as πόρνη (‘prostitute’), rejected — retain candor of the text
New proper-name transliteration for James 2:25, the letter’s second faith-and-works exemplar; James deliberately pairs the honored patriarch Abraham with a morally disreputable Gentile woman to show the faith-गुनथि pattern is universal. Standard transliteration, low risk, fixed once for reuse.
Job
Approved rendering: अय्यूब
Transliteration: Ayyub
Doctrine: Judgment at the Door
New proper-name transliteration for James 5:11, the endurance exemplar; verify against a current printed Bodo Bible for the established form before finalizing.
Elijah
Approved rendering: एलिया
Transliteration: Eliya
Doctrine: The Powerful Prayer of the Righteous
New proper-name transliteration for James 5:17-18, presented as an ordinary human (‘with a nature like ours’) whose prayer nonetheless had great effect; verify against a current printed Bodo Bible.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: भाबिष्यत सोंग्रा
Transliteration: bhabishyot songra
Doctrine: Judgment at the Door
Rejected alternatives: ओझा (a traditional folk ritual specialist/diviner, never use)
(Inherited from Romans package.) James usage: 5:10, the prophets held up as examples of suffering and patience; must not be confused with ओझा, a shamanic ritual specialist/diviner figure.
Shudder In Fear
Approved rendering: सिरिया जोनाय
Transliteration: siriya jwnai
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Original: φρίσσω
Category: Faith and Works
New term (James 2:19, φρίσσω). Physical horror-response distinguishing demonic ‘belief’ from saving faith. Descriptive; minor risk.
Tongue
Approved rendering: जिब्ला
Transliteration: jibla
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Speech and the Tongue
New term (James 3:1-12, γλῶσσα). Ordinary bodily-organ word; the doctrinal weight lies in the surrounding verbs and metaphors, not in this term itself.
Wars And Fights
Approved rendering: लड़ाई
Transliteration: lorai
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Original: πόλεμος / μάχη
Category: Worldliness
New term (James 4:1, πόλεμος/μάχη). Communal conflicts among believers, traced to inward disordered desire rather than external circumstance.
Vapor Life Transience
Approved rendering: बाफ
Transliteration: baph
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
New term (James 4:14, ἀτμίς). The brevity and insubstantiality of human life; a corrective to arrogant self-sufficient planning.
Sick Weary
Approved rendering: गोमोम जायनाय
Transliteration: gomom jainai
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Original: κάμνω / ἀσθενέω
Category: Prayer and Healing
New term (James 5:13-14, κάμνω/ἀσθενέω). Physical illness or exhaustion, introducing the Prayer and Healing unit’s practical church-care scenario.
Orphans And Widows
Approved rendering: अनाथ / रादाब्रि
Transliteration: anath / radabri
Doctrine: True Religion and Care for the Vulnerable
Original: ὀρφανός / χήρα
Category: Wisdom
New term (James 1:27, ὀρφανός/χήρα). Socially vulnerable persons with no male provider/protector; the paradigm case of true religion’s ethical content. Standard, low-risk vocabulary.
Referenced passages