Cross-Reference Analysis — Acts 1–28 (English → French)
Methodology Note
This analysis executes PRD Phase 1 Step 3: a full-book cross-reference matrix covering every Old Testament quotation and allusion in Acts, every messianic reference, every typological pattern, and every parallel to other curricula in this language package — chiefly the baseline Romans curriculum, whose translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json remain the controlling authority. Citations are given in normalizable “Book Chapter:Verse” form (e.g., “Acts 2:17”, “Joel 2:28”, “Genesis 15:6”) to support automated cross-reference tooling in Phase 2. French Bible book-name conventions (Romains, Genèse, Psaumes, Ésaïe, Habacuc, Joël — per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md) apply to any citation appearing in destination-language output; this document itself is an English-language analytical artifact and uses English citation form for normalization, per Step 3 instructions.
Chapters containing no direct OT quotation are explicitly marked “reviewed — no direct citation” rather than omitted, per the full-book-coverage mandate. Risk tiers follow doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical/High/Medium/Low) exactly.
Section A: OT Quotation & Allusion Cross-Reference Matrix (Acts 1–28)
Chapter 1
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 1:8 | Great Commission / Mission to Nations | Jesus, apostles | Allusion: Isaiah 49:6 (“to the end of the earth”); structural echo picked up again at Acts 13:47, 26:23 | Low-Medium. Keep “jusqu’aux extrémités de la terre” identical at all three occurrences (1:8, 13:47, 26:23) — this is a deliberate Lukan verbal thread, not incidental phrasing. |
| Acts 1:16-20 | Apostolic Authority; Judas’s replacement | Judas, Peter | Direct quotation: Psalm 69:25 (“let his habitation become desolate”) and Psalm 109:8 (“let another take his office”) | Medium. Two distinct psalms are fused; French rendering should follow the established French Bible psalter (Segond/TOB) wording for these verses rather than a fresh translation, so cross-reference lookups by a French reader remain functional. |
| Acts 1:9-11 | Ascension | Jesus, apostles, “two men in white” | Typology: 2 Kings 2:11 (Elijah’s bodily departure); echoes Daniel 7:13’s “coming with the clouds” (return promise, v.11) | Medium. The angelic promise “this same Jesus… will come in the same way” must retain a concrete, bodily, future-return sense (cf. baseline’s resurrection caution against metaphorical flattening) — a Parousia claim, not a symbolic image. |
Chapter 2 (Core Passage)
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-level lexical treatment. This matrix adds the OT-citation and typological layer.
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 2:1-4 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | The gathered disciples | Typology: Exodus 19:16-19 (Sinai theophany — fire, sound, trembling) and Leviticus 23:15-21 (Feast of Weeks/firstfruits harvest); Allusion: Genesis 11:1-9 (Babel) reversed — languages that once scattered humanity now gather it | High. This is the theological center of the doctrine “The Holy Spirit and Pentecost.” Teaching material must make the Sinai/Babel typology explicit, since French readers with low OT literacy will otherwise receive Pentecost as an isolated miracle story rather than covenant-historical fulfillment. Theologian review recommended for how this typology is framed. |
| Acts 2:5-11 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles (anticipatory) | Diaspora Jews, proselytes | Allusion: reversal of Babel’s scattering (Genesis 11); anticipates Isaiah 66:18-19 (nations gathering to see God’s glory) | Medium. Keep the “reversal of Babel” framing distinct from a generic “miracle of translation” reading. |
| Acts 2:14-21 | Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Peter | Direct quotation: Joel 2:28-32 | Critical. Acts 2:21 quotes the identical clause as Romans 10:13 (“quiconque invoquera le nom du Seigneur sera sauvé,” from Joel 2:32). This is the single most important shared-quotation consistency point between the Acts and Romans curricula — see Section D and the Rendering-Consistency Rules below. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Acts 2:22-24 | Deity/Resurrection of Christ | Peter, Jesus | Allusion: “signs and wonders” language echoes Exodus 7:3, Deuteronomy 6:22 (Exodus-deliverance vocabulary now applied to Christ) | Medium-High. See baseline caution on “signes et prodiges” (avoid “miracles,” Catholic hagiographic drift). |
| Acts 2:25-28 | Resurrection of Christ | David (as prophet), Jesus | Direct quotation: Psalm 16:8-11 | High. Recurs verbatim in argument at Acts 13:35 (Psalm 16:10 alone) — render both occurrences identically. Also thematically parallel (not verbally identical) to Romans 1:4/4:25/6:4-11’s resurrection theology. |
| Acts 2:29-31 | Davidic Covenant / Messianic Promise | David, Peter | Allusion: 2 Samuel 7:12-13 and Psalm 132:11 (the Davidic oath of an enduring throne) | High. Same covenant background as the baseline’s “seed_of_david” term (Romans 1:3). Must render “serment” (oath) and “descendance de David” consistently with the Romans package. |
| Acts 2:33-35 | Lordship of Christ | Peter, Jesus, David | Direct quotation: Psalm 110:1 (“Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool”) | High. Thematically echoed (not directly quoted) at Romans 8:34 (“who is at the right hand of God”). Keep “à ma droite” / “droite de Dieu” idiom stable across curricula. |
| Acts 2:36 | Lordship/Deity of Christ | Peter, Jesus | Climactic synthesis of Psalm 110 and the whole sermon; direct parallel in confession-force to Romans 10:9 | Critical. See Section D. |
| Acts 2:38-39 | Repentance and Baptism | Peter, the crowd | Allusion: Joel 2:32’s “as many as the Lord our God calls” reprised; conceptually parallel to Isaiah 57:19 (“peace to him who is far and to him who is near,” cited more directly in Ephesians 2:17, outside this curriculum but worth a footnote) | Critical (baptism/repentance terms); High (universal-scope “far off” clause). |
Chapter 3
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 3:13 | Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ | Peter, Jesus | Allusion: Exodus 3:6 (“the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob”); Allusion: Isaiah 52:13 (“my servant”) — first of several “servant” designations for Jesus in Acts (3:13, 3:26, 4:27, 4:30) | High. “Son serviteur Jésus” carries Isaiah’s Suffering-Servant force (see Section B); must not flatten to a merely honorific “his servant” without that background. |
| Acts 3:14 | Deity of Christ / Righteousness | Peter, Jesus | Title “the Holy and Righteous One” — compound of hagios/dikaios, see 07_semantic_analysis.md ch.3 | High (compounded baseline risk). |
| Acts 3:18 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Peter | General allusion: “what God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets” — summarizing prophetic testimony to Messiah’s suffering (Isaiah 53; Psalm 22; Zechariah 12:10) | Medium. A summary claim, not a single citation; teaching material should list at least Isaiah 53 as the anchor text. |
| Acts 3:22-23 | Messianic Promise | Peter, Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19 (“the Lord God will raise up for you a prophet like me”) | High. Recurs at Acts 7:37 (Stephen). Render identically both places; this is a Moses-typology text distinct from, but related to, the baseline’s “prophet” term. |
| Acts 3:25 | Abrahamic Covenant / Justification background | Peter, Abraham | Allusion: Genesis 22:18, 26:4 (“in your offspring shall all the families of the earth be blessed”) | Medium-High. This is the covenant-promise root that Paul later expounds as the ground of justification by faith apart from the Law in Romans 4 (Genesis 15:6) and Galatians 3; keep the Abrahamic-covenant vocabulary (“alliance”) consistent with baseline. |
Chapter 4
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 4:11 | Deity/Rejection of Christ | Peter | Direct quotation: Psalm 118:22 (“the stone that was rejected by you the builders, which has become the head of the corner”) | High. Thematically parallel to Romans 9:33’s “stone of stumbling” (which actually cites Isaiah 28:16/8:14, a different verse combination) — flag for reviewers that these are related “stone” texts but not verbally identical; do not conflate the two citations when cross-referencing. |
| Acts 4:24-26 | Persecution / Sovereignty of God | Peter, John, the gathered believers | Direct quotation: Psalm 2:1-2 (“Why did the Gentiles rage… against the Lord and against his Anointed”) | High. “Anointed” (χριστός) here is Psalm 2’s messianic title; render consistently with “Messie”/“Christ” conventions established in 08_core_glossary.md (christ_title). |
| Acts 4:27 | Messianic Promise | Jesus, Herod, Pilate | Direct application of Psalm 2:2 to the crucifixion — “your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed” | High. Same servant/anointed vocabulary as ch.3; keep “serviteur” and “oint” terminology stable. |
| Acts 4:12 | Salvation / Universal Scope | Peter | No direct OT quotation; theological climax (“no other name”) functioning as this book’s exclusivity-of-salvation thesis, structurally parallel to Romans 10:9-13’s exclusivity of confession | High. Flag alongside Universal Scope of the Gospel and Lordship of Christ doctrines. |
Chapter 5
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Notable allusion: Acts 5:30 (“hanging him on a tree”) echoes Deuteronomy 21:22-23’s curse-on-a-tree language, later expounded doctrinally in Galatians 3:13 (outside this curriculum, footnote-worthy). Low-Medium sensitivity: keep “sur le bois” or “sur une croix” consistent with how the curriculum otherwise renders the crucifixion, avoiding a reading that severs this phrase from the Deuteronomic curse background.
Chapter 6
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Continuity note: Stephen introduced here as “full of faith and the Holy Spirit,” setting up the OT-saturated speech of chapter 7.
Chapter 7 (Stephen’s Speech — the densest OT chapter in Acts)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 7:2-3 | Abrahamic Covenant | Abraham | Allusion: Genesis 12:1 (the call of Abraham) | Low-Medium. |
| Acts 7:5 | Abrahamic Covenant | Abraham | Allusion: Genesis 17:8 (promise of land, not yet possessed) | Low. |
| Acts 7:6-7 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Abraham | Direct quotation: Genesis 15:13-14 (400 years of slavery foretold) | Medium. Genesis 15 is also the chapter of Genesis 15:6, the anchor text for the baseline’s “imputed_righteousness” doctrine (via Romans 4:3); this citation is a different verse from the same chapter — flag for reviewers as background-adjacent, not the justification text itself. |
| Acts 7:9-16 | Providence / Typology of Christ | Joseph | Allusion: Genesis 37–50 (Joseph narrative) — Joseph rejected by his brothers, then exalted to save them, a recognized OT type of Christ’s rejection-then-exaltation pattern (cf. Acts 2:36, 3:13-15) | Medium. Worth a teaching footnote on Joseph-as-type without over-allegorizing; keep it a typological illustration, not a formal doctrinal claim. |
| Acts 7:27-28 | — | Moses | Direct quotation: Exodus 2:14 | Low. |
| Acts 7:30, 32-34 | Deity of God / Holy Ground | Moses | Direct allusions/quotations: Exodus 3:2, 3:5-6, 3:7-8, 3:10 (burning bush, divine self-revelation) | Medium. “I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob” ties directly to baseline’s “father”/“Dieu” terms and to Acts 3:13; keep consistent. |
| Acts 7:35 | — | Moses | Cross-reference to Exodus 2:14 (repeated) | Low. |
| Acts 7:37 | Messianic Promise | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 18:15 (same text as Acts 3:22) | High. Render identically to Acts 3:22-23; this is Luke’s deliberate double-citation of the Moses-typology prophecy. |
| Acts 7:40 | Idolatry / Israel’s Rebellion | Aaron, Israel | Direct quotation: Exodus 32:1 (golden calf) | Low-Medium. |
| Acts 7:42-43 | Judgment / Idolatry | Israel | Direct quotation: Amos 5:25-27 (idolatry leading to exile) | Medium. |
| Acts 7:44 | Tabernacle Typology | Moses | Allusion: Exodus 25:40 (pattern shown on the mountain) | Low. |
| Acts 7:45-46 | Davidic Covenant background | Joshua, David | Allusion: conquest narrative; David’s desire to build a “dwelling place” (2 Samuel 7) | Low-Medium. |
| Acts 7:47-50 | God’s Transcendence over the Temple | Solomon | Direct quotation: Isaiah 66:1-2 (“Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool… what is the house that you will build for me?”) | Medium-High. Sets up the church-vs-temple-institution distinction relevant to the baseline’s “church” doctrine caution (Église ≠ building/institution alone). |
| Acts 7:51 | Persecution / Resistance to the Spirit | Stephen, the Sanhedrin | Allusion: Isaiah 63:10 (“they rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit”); Exodus 32:9 (“stiff-necked people”) | High. “Vous résistez toujours au Saint-Esprit” — must retain the personal-Spirit-can-be-resisted force per the elevated Holy Spirit doctrine risk for this curriculum. |
| Acts 7:52 | Persecution of the Prophets | Stephen | General allusion to the OT prophet-persecution pattern (1 Kings 19:10; 2 Chronicles 24:21; Jeremiah 26; Nehemiah 9:26) | Medium. |
| Acts 7:56 | Deity of Christ / Son of Man | Stephen, Jesus | Direct allusion: Daniel 7:13-14 (“I see… the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God”) | Critical. See Section B; this is the “son_of_man” term flagged Critical in 07_semantic_analysis.md. |
Chapter 8
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 8:26-40 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Philip, the Ethiopian eunuch | Typological/prophetic anticipation: Isaiah 56:3-5 (promise that eunuchs and foreigners will be welcomed into God’s house) | Medium-High. The eunuch’s inclusion is the narrative fulfillment of Isaiah 56; a footnote is required for readers unfamiliar with the eunuch’s prior exclusion under Deuteronomy 23:1. |
| Acts 8:32-33 | Messianic Promise / Suffering Servant | The eunuch, Philip, Jesus (as the Servant) | Direct quotation: Isaiah 53:7-8 | Critical. This is the single clearest, most explicit “Suffering Servant = Jesus” identification in Acts, and it is directly parallel to Romans 10:16’s citation of Isaiah 53:1 from the same Servant Song. See Section D — mandatory consistent French rendering of Isaiah 53 vocabulary (“l’Agneau,” “il n’a pas ouvert la bouche,” “on l’emmène”) across both curricula. Mandatory theologian review. |
Chapter 9
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Notable pattern: the Damascus-road Christophany (light, voice, falling to the ground) echoes the theophany-vision genre of Ezekiel 1 and Daniel 10, without a direct citation; useful teaching background for “Conversion of Paul,” not a formal cross-reference requiring rendering rules.
Chapter 10
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 10:9-16 | Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Peter | Allusion: dietary categories of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (clean/unclean animals), now declared obsolete as a boundary marker | High. Directly parallels Romans 14’s food-conscience discussion and the baseline’s “unity_of_jews_and_gentiles” doctrine; the vision’s point is salvation-historical (Gentile inclusion), not merely dietary — theologian review recommended. |
| Acts 10:34-35 | Universal Scope of the Gospel | Peter, Cornelius | Allusion: Deuteronomy 10:17, 2 Chronicles 19:7 (“God shows no partiality”) | High. Must preserve the full universality; do not soften into a vague open-mindedness principle divorced from its salvation-historical Jew/Gentile referent. |
Chapter 11
Reviewed — reiterates chapter 10’s citations (Peter’s retelling to the Jerusalem church, 11:1-18). No new OT quotation. Note: 11:18’s “God has granted repentance that leads to life even to the Gentiles” ties directly to the Critical “repentance” term and to the universal-scope doctrine.
Chapter 12
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Typological note: Peter’s angelic deliverance from prison occurs explicitly during the Passover/Unleavened Bread season (12:3-4), echoing Exodus deliverance typology; worth a teaching footnote linking Passover-deliverance imagery to the church’s ongoing experience of God’s rescuing power, without asserting a formal fulfillment claim.
Chapter 13
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 13:17-22 | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Israel’s History | Paul | Extended allusion/summary of Exodus, wilderness wandering, judges, Saul, and David’s kingship (Exodus 1-15; Judges; 1 Samuel) | Medium. |
| Acts 13:22 | Davidic Covenant | David | Direct quotation: 1 Samuel 13:14 / Psalm 89:20 (“a man after my heart”) | Medium. |
| Acts 13:33 | Sonship of Christ / Deity of Christ | Jesus | Direct quotation: Psalm 2:7 (“You are my Son, today I have begotten you”) | Critical. This text is the classic Sonship/exaltation proof-text; must not be read as suggesting Christ’s Sonship began at the resurrection (an adoptionist misreading historically associated with this verse) — theologian review mandatory, consistent with baseline’s Critical “son_of_god”/“sonship_of_christ” caution. |
| Acts 13:34 | Resurrection / Davidic Covenant | Jesus | Direct quotation: Isaiah 55:3 (“I will give you the holy and sure blessings of David”) | Medium-High. |
| Acts 13:35 | Resurrection of Christ | Jesus, David | Direct quotation: Psalm 16:10 (same source as Acts 2:27) | High — render identically to Acts 2:25-28’s Psalm 16 quotation. |
| Acts 13:38-39 | Justification apart from the Law | Paul | No direct OT quotation, but the passage is the book’s clearest doctrinal restatement of Romans’ justification-by-faith argument | Critical. See Section D. |
| Acts 13:41 | Judgment / Unbelief | Paul | Direct quotation: Habakkuk 1:5 (“Look, you scoffers… for I am doing a work in your days that you will not believe”) | Medium. |
| Acts 13:47 | Great Commission Fulfilled | Paul, Barnabas | Direct quotation: Isaiah 49:6 (“I have made you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring salvation to the ends of the earth”) | High. Reprised at 26:23 and echoed structurally at 1:8; render “lumière pour les nations/les païens” identically across all three occurrences (see baseline “light_to_gentiles” note in 08_core_glossary.md). |
Chapter 14
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 14:15-17 | Gospel to Gentiles / Apologetics against Idolatry | Paul, Barnabas, the Lystrans | Allusion: Exodus 20:11, Psalm 146:6 (“the living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and everything in them”) | Medium. Creation-based apologetic; keep “le Dieu vivant” distinct from a philosophical deist “first cause” reading — this is the same personal-Creator claim as the Genesis creation account, addressed to a polytheistic Gentile audience. |
Chapter 15
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 15:16-18 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Gentile Inclusion | James | Direct quotation: Amos 9:11-12 (“I will rebuild the tent of David… that the remnant of mankind may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles”) | High. This is the Jerusalem Council’s proof-text authorizing full, Law-free Gentile inclusion — the single most doctrinally load-bearing OT quotation in this chapter. It is thematically (not verbally) parallel to Romans 15:9-12’s catena of Gentile-inclusion OT texts (2 Samuel 22:50/Psalm 18:49; Deuteronomy 32:43; Psalm 117:1; Isaiah 11:10). See Section D. Mandatory theologian review for consistent doctrinal framing across both curricula. |
| Acts 15:10-11 | Grace / Law / Justification apart from the Law | Peter | No direct OT quotation; direct doctrinal parallel to Romans 3:20-24, 4:1-5, 11:5-6 | Critical — see Section D. |
Chapter 16
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Continuity note: household-baptism accounts (Lydia, the jailer) carry the Critical baptism-term risk already documented in 07_semantic_analysis.md/08_core_glossary.md; no new OT citation.
Chapter 17
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 17:24-25 | Deity of God / Apologetics | Paul | Allusion: Isaiah 42:5, Psalm 50:9-12 (God needs nothing from human hands) | Medium. |
| Acts 17:28 | Apologetic Bridge to Gentile Culture | Paul | Direct quotation of pagan Greek poets (Epimenides and/or Aratus/Cleanthes: “In him we live and move and have our being”; “we are indeed his offspring”) — not an OT citation but a deliberate use of secular literature as a point of contact | Medium. Teaching material should flag this as a rhetorical strategy (using the audience’s own literature as a bridge to biblical truth), not an endorsement of Stoic pantheism; relevant methodological parallel for French secular-audience apologetics. |
| Acts 17:31 | Coming Judgment | Paul | Allusion: Psalm 9:8, 96:13 (“he will judge the world in righteousness”) | Medium. “Justice” (baseline reused term) here functions in its forensic-judgment sense; keep distinct from the soteriological “justice de Dieu” of Romans 1:17/3:21-26 even though the same French word is used — context must disambiguate. |
Chapter 18
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation.
Chapter 19
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation.
Chapter 20
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 20:28 | Church as Community / Apostolic Authority | Paul, the Ephesian elders | Allusion: Ezekiel 34:1-10 (shepherd imagery for covenant leadership) and Psalm 74:2 (“the congregation… which you have purchased”) | High. See baseline caution on “overseer_elder_shepherd” — avoid importing later hierarchical “évêque” office. |
| Acts 20:35 | Christian Ethics | Paul, Jesus (cited) | Citation of an otherwise-unrecorded saying of Jesus (“It is more blessed to give than to receive”) — an agraphon, not an OT text | Low. Note for reviewers this is a dominical (Jesus’) saying, not Scripture citation in the OT sense, though functionally authoritative. |
Chapter 21
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Background note: Paul’s vow (21:23-26) draws on Numbers 6’s Nazirite-vow legislation; contextual, not a formal citation.
Chapter 22
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation (retells the Damascus-road conversion narrative of chapter 9 with added detail). Note: 22:14’s “the Righteous One” reprises the title of Acts 3:14, 7:52 — keep consistent.
Chapter 23
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 23:5 | Apostolic Authority under Civil Order | Paul | Direct quotation: Exodus 22:28 (“You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people”) | Low-Medium. |
| Acts 23:6-8 | Resurrection of Christ / Conversion of Paul | Paul, Pharisees, Sadducees | Doctrinal background: the intra-Jewish resurrection debate (cf. Daniel 12:2) frames Paul’s continuity with Pharisaic hope | Medium. |
Chapter 24
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 24:14-15 | Resurrection / Hope | Paul | Allusion: Daniel 12:2 (“many… shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt”) | Medium. “Espérance” (per 08_core_glossary.md’s new “hope” term) must retain this specific resurrection-hope referent, not a generic optimism. |
Chapter 25
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Legal/narrative chapter continuing chapter 16’s Roman-citizenship and appeal-to-Caesar themes.
Chapter 26
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 26:22-23 | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Great Commission | Paul | Summary allusion: “what the prophets and Moses said would come to pass” — that the Christ would suffer (Isaiah 53), rise first from the dead, and proclaim light to Jews and Gentiles (Isaiah 49:6) | High. This verse functions as Paul’s own summary cross-reference to Isaiah 53 and Isaiah 49:6 — keep both underlying texts identifiable in teaching notes even though neither is quoted verbatim here. |
Chapter 27
Reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Literary/typological note (low doctrinal weight): the storm-and-deliverance narrative structurally echoes the Jonah storm narrative (Jonah 1) and Paul’s own earlier storm experience (2 Corinthians 11:25, outside this curriculum); useful illustrative parallel, not a formal fulfillment claim — flag as optional teaching material only.
Chapter 28
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Acts 28:26-27 | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Judicial Hardening | Paul | Direct quotation: Isaiah 6:9-10 (“You will indeed hear but never understand…”) | High. This is the book’s final formal OT citation and Luke’s closing explanation for continued Jewish unbelief alongside Gentile reception. It is thematically parallel (though not verbally identical) to Romans 11:8’s citation of Deuteronomy 29:4/Isaiah 29:10 on the same “hardening” theme — see Section D for the rendering-consistency implication. Mandatory theologian review given the sensitivity of hardening-of-Israel language in the French context (baseline’s existing “israel” caution regarding France’s Jewish community). |
| Acts 28:31 | Great Commission Fulfilled / Kingdom of God | Paul | Structural inclusio with Acts 1:3, 1:6, 1:8 — no new OT citation, but closes the book’s kingdom-and-witness frame | Medium-High, per baseline “kingdom_of_god” and “Seigneur” reuse. |
Section B: Messianic References Summary Table
| Passage | Messianic Title/Reference | OT Source | Fulfillment Claim | French Rendering | Risk |
|---|
| Acts 2:30-31, 13:22-23 | Son of David (implicit) | 2 Samuel 7:12-13; Psalm 132:11 | The Messiah descends from David and inherits his throne | ”descendance de David” [BASELINE REUSE] | Medium |
| Acts 2:34-36 | Lord (Kyrios) enthroned | Psalm 110:1 | The crucified Jesus is enthroned at God’s right hand as sovereign Lord | ”Seigneur” [BASELINE REUSE] | Critical |
| Acts 3:13, 3:26, 4:27, 4:30 | The Servant (Isaiah’s Servant of the Lord) | Isaiah 42, 49, 52-53 | Jesus is God’s “Servant” whose suffering and exaltation fulfills the Servant Songs | ”son serviteur [Jésus]” — [NEW TERM, proposed: “servant_of_the_lord” / “serviteur”] | High |
| Acts 3:22-23; 7:37 | The Prophet like Moses | Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19 | Jesus is the definitive prophetic mediator Moses foretold | ”le prophète” (avec référence contextuelle) — see 07_semantic_analysis.md ch.3 note | Medium |
| Acts 4:25-27 | The Anointed (Christos) opposed by rulers | Psalm 2:1-2 | The nations’ rage against God’s Anointed is fulfilled in the crucifixion | ”l’Oint,” “le Christ” [BASELINE REUSE: christ_title] | High |
| Acts 7:56 | Son of Man exalted at God’s right hand | Daniel 7:13-14 | Jesus exercises the divine authority of Daniel’s “one like a son of man" | "Fils de l’homme” [NEW TERM] | Critical |
| Acts 8:32-35 | The Suffering Servant, silent before his accusers | Isaiah 53:7-8 | Philip explicitly identifies Isaiah 53’s Servant as Jesus | ”l’Agneau,” “il n’a pas ouvert la bouche” — direct quotation, render per established French Bible Isaiah 53 wording | Critical |
| Acts 13:33 | The Son begotten (enthronement formula) | Psalm 2:7 | God’s declaration of Sonship at the resurrection/exaltation, not the origin of Christ’s eternal Sonship | ”Fils” [BASELINE REUSE: son_of_god]; must not read as adoptionist | Critical |
| Acts 13:34 | Holy and sure blessings of David | Isaiah 55:3 | Christ’s resurrection secures the everlasting Davidic covenant blessings | ”les bénédictions saintes et sûres promises à David” | High |
| Acts 13:47; 26:23 | Light for the Gentiles | Isaiah 49:6 | The Servant’s mission extends salvation to the nations through the apostolic proclamation | ”lumière pour les nations/les païens” [NEW TERM: light_to_gentiles] | Medium |
| Acts 15:16-17 | The restored tent/throne of David | Amos 9:11-12 | The Messianic restoration of David’s dynasty includes Gentile inclusion, without requiring circumcision | ”la tente/le trône de David rétabli” | High |
Section C: Typological Patterns Table
| OT Type | NT Antitype (Acts) | Theological Point | Risk / Translation Note |
|---|
| Sinai theophany (Exodus 19: fire, sound, trembling mountain) | Pentecost (Acts 2:1-4: sound, fire, filling) | The giving of a new covenant, written not on stone but on hearts by the Spirit himself | High — must be made explicit in teaching material; without it, Pentecost reads as an isolated supernatural event rather than covenant fulfillment. |
| Babel’s confusion of languages (Genesis 11:1-9) | Pentecost’s gift of tongues (Acts 2:4-11) | The gospel reverses humanity’s self-willed scattering, gathering nations through Spirit-given intelligible speech, not further confusing them | Medium — avoid conflating with the modern French idiom “tour de Babel” used loosely for any confused muddle; keep the reversal-of-judgment theological point. |
| Firstfruits of the harvest (Leviticus 23:15-21, Feast of Weeks) | The 3,000 converts as the “firstfruits” of the church age (Acts 2:41) | The Spirit-empowered church is itself the beginning of an eschatological harvest, not a one-time anomaly | Low-Medium. |
| Moses as covenant mediator and lawgiver (Exodus, Deuteronomy) | Jesus as “the Prophet” who fulfills and supersedes Moses’ mediatorial role (Acts 3:22, 7:37) | Continuity and escalation: the Mosaic economy pointed forward to a greater mediator | High — ties directly to “Justification apart from the Law” doctrine; must not imply Moses and Christ are merely parallel equals. |
| Joseph rejected by his brothers, then exalted to save them (Genesis 37-50, recounted Acts 7:9-16) | Christ rejected by his own people, then exalted to bring salvation (Acts 2:36, 3:13-15) | A recognized (though not verbally cited) OT pattern of rejection-then-exaltation-for-salvation | Medium — present as illustrative typology, not a formal proof-text; avoid over-allegorizing minor narrative details. |
| The Passover deliverance from Egypt (Exodus 12-14) | Peter’s angelic deliverance from prison during Passover week (Acts 12:1-19) | God’s pattern of delivering his covenant people at Passover recurs in the life of the church | Low-Medium — illustrative parallel, not doctrinal proof-text. |
| Isaiah’s Suffering Servant, silent before shearers (Isaiah 53) | Jesus explicitly identified as this Servant (Acts 8:32-35); implicitly present in “servant” language throughout (Acts 3:13, 26; 4:27, 30) | The cross is God’s foreordained plan, not a tragic accident — direct link to the “definite plan and foreknowledge of God” language of Acts 2:23 | Critical — same terrain as baseline’s providence/election cautions; the Servant’s suffering is substitutionary and purposive, not merely exemplary. |
| Elijah’s bodily departure (2 Kings 2:11) | Christ’s bodily ascension (Acts 1:9-11) | A historical, bodily, visible departure with a promised, equally bodily return | Medium — must retain a literal, historical sense against a purely symbolic/spiritual reading of “l’Ascension.” |
Section D: Parallels to Romans and Rendering-Consistency Rules for Shared Quotations
The Acts and Romans curricula, sharing this same French Language Package, must render four categories of shared or thematically parallel material with total internal consistency.
D.1 — Verbally Identical Shared Quotation
| Shared OT Text | Acts Occurrence(s) | Romans Occurrence | Required Consistent French Rendering |
|---|
| Joel 2:32 | Acts 2:21 | Romans 10:13 | ”quiconque invoquera le nom du Seigneur sera sauvé” — VERBATIM identical in both curricula. This is the highest-priority consistency rule in this document. [BASELINE REUSE: lord → Seigneur; salvation → salut]. Critical risk; mandatory theologian review wherever it occurs (Acts 2:21, 22:16 conceptually). |
D.2 — Same Servant Song, Different Verses (Isaiah 53)
| Shared Passage Family | Acts Occurrence | Romans Occurrence | Rendering-Consistency Rule |
|---|
| Isaiah 53 (Suffering Servant) | Acts 8:32-33 quotes Isaiah 53:7-8 | Romans 10:16 quotes Isaiah 53:1 | Both curricula draw from the same Servant Song. Vocabulary describing the Servant (silence, affliction, “être emmené,” “sacrifié”) must be drawn from the same established French Bible rendering of Isaiah 53 in both curricula, so that a learner who studies both recognizes the shared source text. Flag any deviation for theologian review. |
D.3 — Same Doctrinal Argument, Distinct Supporting Texts
| Doctrinal Argument | Acts Location | Romans Location | Rendering-Consistency Rule |
|---|
| Justification/salvation by grace through faith, apart from the Law | Acts 13:38-39; 15:10-11 | Romans 3:20-28; 4:1-5; 11:5-6 | Use the baseline’s exact terms — “justification,” “grâce,” “loi,” “foi” — with no deviation in either curriculum. Acts 13:38-39 (“quiconque croit est justifié”) must echo the same forensic, declared-not-gradual sense as Romans’ “justification.” Critical risk; mandatory theologian review in both curricula. |
| Gentile inclusion without circumcision, grounded in Davidic/messianic restoration | Acts 15:16-18 (Amos 9:11-12) | Romans 15:9-12 (2 Samuel 22:50/Psalm 18:49; Deuteronomy 32:43; Psalm 117:1; Isaiah 11:10) | Different OT texts, same theological point (Gentiles included in the Messiah’s kingdom without becoming ethnically Jewish). Teaching material for Acts should cross-reference Romans 15:9-12 explicitly as the parallel proof-catena; do not let a French reader conclude these are contradictory or unrelated arguments. High risk; theologian review recommended. |
| Israel’s partial, judicial hardening alongside Gentile reception | Acts 28:26-27 (Isaiah 6:9-10) | Romans 11:7-10 (Deuteronomy 29:4; Isaiah 29:10); Romans 10:16 (Isaiah 53:1) | Different Isaiah/Deuteronomy texts, same “hardening” theme. Given the baseline’s existing caution about France’s significant Jewish community and the sensitivity of “Israel” language, both curricula must frame this as a temporary, partial, and (per Romans 11:25-32, outside this curriculum but referenced) ultimately purposive hardening — never as a blanket or permanent judgment on the Jewish people as such. High risk; mandatory theologian review. |
| Christ’s Sonship declared/enthroned versus eternally possessed | Acts 13:33 (Psalm 2:7) | Romans 1:4 (“declared to be the Son of God… by his resurrection”) | Both texts use “declaration/enthronement” language at the resurrection. Both curricula must guard against an adoptionist reading (Sonship beginning at the resurrection) — frame consistently as the public vindication and enthronement of an already-eternal Sonship, per baseline’s Critical “son_of_god”/“sonship_of_christ” doctrine notes. Critical risk in both curricula. |
D.4 — Structural/Thematic Parallels (No Shared Text, Same Doctrine)
| Theme | Acts | Romans | Note |
|---|
| Lordship confession as the salvation confession | Acts 2:36, 16:31 (implicit), 22:16 | Romans 10:9-10 | Keep “Jésus est Seigneur” wording identical to the Romans curriculum wherever this confession appears in Acts teaching material, per the existing 12_ai_translation_requirements.md consistency rule. |
| Universal scope of the gospel (“no distinction”) | Acts 10:34-35; 15:9 | Romans 3:22, 10:12-13 | Preserve full universality (“tous,” “quiconque”) without qualification in both curricula. |
| The obedience that flows from faith | Acts 26:19-20 (“not disobedient to the heavenly vision”) | Romans 1:5, 16:26 (“obedience of faith”) | Use [BASELINE REUSE: obedience_of_faith → obéissance de la foi] consistently; do not let Acts’ narrative “obedience” language drift toward a merit-earning sense foreign to the baseline. |
Section E: Citation Normalization Standards
- All citations in this and downstream Acts documents follow “Book Chapter:Verse” form (e.g., “Acts 2:21”, “Joel 2:32”, “Psalm 16:10”, “Isaiah 53:7-8”) for internal cross-reference tooling.
- When citations appear in final French-language learner-facing material, apply the French book-name conventions already fixed in
12_ai_translation_requirements.md: Romains, Genèse, Psaumes, Ésaïe (preferred over Isaïe for this curriculum’s Segond-aligned register), Habacuc, Joël, Actes, Amos, Daniel, Exode, Lévitique, Deutéronome, 2 Samuel.
- Multi-verse OT citations embedded in Acts sermons (e.g., Joel 2:28-32 in Acts 2:17-21) should be cross-referenced by their full OT range in translator notes, even where Acts quotes only part of the passage, so reviewers can verify no doctrinally significant clause was silently dropped in translation.
- Where the same OT passage is cited more than once within Acts (Psalm 16 at 2:25-28/13:35; Deuteronomy 18:15 at 3:22/7:37; Isaiah 49:6 at 13:47/26:23, echoed 1:8), the French rendering of the quoted clause must be verbally identical at every occurrence.
This document, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md and 08_core_glossary.md, completes PRD Phase 1 Step 3 for Acts. All Critical-risk shared-quotation rules in Section D must be loaded alongside translation_memory.json before Phase 2 processing of any segment containing these passages.