Doctrine Analysis
Doctrine Analysis: Leviticus — English → French
This document provides the full doctrine matrix for Leviticus 1–27, consistent with doctrine_risk_registry.json (same 24 doctrines, identical risk tiers, identical review routing). Leviticus 16:1–34 (the Day of Atonement) is the curriculum’s theological anchor but not its scope boundary: every chapter of the book has been reviewed for doctrine-bearing content per the PRD’s full-book coverage mandate. Section A is a chapter-by-chapter coverage log; Section B is the consolidated doctrine matrix; Section C summarizes review-routing totals.
A. Full Chapter Coverage Log (Leviticus 1–27)
Every chapter is logged below. Chapters that introduce no new doctrine-critical terms beyond those already logged are marked explicitly as “reviewed — cross-reference only,” per the PRD mandate against silent omission.
| Ch. | Content Summary | Doctrines Active | Coverage Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burnt offering procedure | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Unblemished Offerings; Tabernacle/Presence | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 2 | Grain offering procedure | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Firstfruits and Offering Procedure | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 3 | Peace/fellowship offering | Sacrificial System and Atonement | Reviewed — extends Ch.1 doctrine, no new doctrine category |
| 4 | Sin offering, corporate and individual guilt | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Congregation and Corporate Identity | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 5 | Guilt offering; verbal confession of specific sin | Guilt, Confession, and Restitution; Sacrificial System and Atonement | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 6 | Priestly handling of offerings; perpetual altar fire | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Firstfruits and Offering Procedure | Reviewed — procedural elaboration, no new doctrine category |
| 7 | Peace offering regulations; wave/contribution portions | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Firstfruits and Offering Procedure | Reviewed — procedural elaboration, no new doctrine category |
| 8 | Ordination of Aaron and his sons | Priestly Ordination and Consecration; Priesthood and Mediation | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 9 | First sacrifices offered; the LORD’s glory appears | Priesthood and Mediation; Tabernacle and Presence of God; Sacrificial System and Atonement | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 10 | Nadab and Abihu’s unauthorized fire; the holy/common, clean/unclean key verse (10:10) | Holiness of God and Call to Holiness; Priesthood and Mediation | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 11 | Clean and unclean animals (dietary law) | Dietary Laws and Covenant Identity; Clean and Unclean | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 12 | Purification after childbirth | Clean and Unclean | Reviewed — applies existing doctrine category, no new term category |
| 13 | Diagnosis of skin disease | Disease Diagnosis and Priestly Authority; Clean and Unclean | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 14 | Cleansing rituals for skin disease and houses | Disease Diagnosis and Priestly Authority; Clean and Unclean; Sacrificial System and Atonement | Reviewed — extends Ch.13 doctrine, no new doctrine category |
| 15 | Bodily discharges and ritual impurity | Clean and Unclean | Reviewed — applies existing doctrine category, no new term category |
| 16 | The Day of Atonement (CORE PASSAGE) | Day of Atonement; Scapegoat and Substitution; Sacrificial System and Atonement; Priesthood and Mediation; Priestly Ordination and Consecration; Tabernacle and Presence of God; Sabbath and Sacred Time; Guilt, Confession, and Restitution | Theological anchor — full analysis below, treated with maximum granularity |
| 17 | Blood prohibition; life is in the blood | Blood Atonement and the Life Principle; Sacrificial System and Atonement | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 18 | Sexual prohibitions | Sexual Ethics within the Holiness Code | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 19 | Holiness Code; love of neighbor; care for the stranger; sabbath reverence | Holiness of God and Call to Holiness; Love of Neighbor; Care for the Stranger; Sabbath and Sacred Time | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 20 | Sexual prohibitions restated with penalties; “be holy” | Sexual Ethics within the Holiness Code; Holiness of God and Call to Holiness | Reviewed — extends Ch.18/19 doctrine, no new doctrine category |
| 21 | Priestly conduct and bodily-integrity requirements | Priesthood and Mediation; Unblemished Offerings and Typological Perfection | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 22 | Holy offerings; unblemished-animal requirement; priestly eating rules | Unblemished Offerings and Typological Perfection; Sacrificial System and Atonement; Clean and Unclean | Reviewed — extends Ch.21 doctrine, no new doctrine category |
| 23 | The appointed feasts, including the Day of Atonement’s calendar placement | Appointed Feasts and Sacred Calendar; Sabbath and Sacred Time; Day of Atonement (23:26-32) | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 24 | Lampstand, showbread, blasphemy case law | Blasphemy and Reverence for God’s Name; Priesthood and Mediation | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 25 | Sabbath year and Jubilee | Jubilee, Redemption, and Economic Justice; Sabbath and Sacred Time; Care for the Stranger | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 26 | Covenant blessings and curses | Covenant Blessings and Curses | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
| 27 | Vows and dedicated things | Vows and Dedication to God | New doctrine content — full analysis below |
B. Consolidated Doctrine Matrix
The table below mirrors doctrine_risk_registry.json exactly: same 24 doctrines, same risk tiers, same review routing. “Translation Risk” summarizes the grounded, France-specific reason driving the tier assignment.
| # | Doctrine | Risk | Supporting Passages (Leviticus) | Translation Risk | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Sacrificial System and Atonement | Critical | 1:1-17; 3:1-17; 4:1-35; 5:14-19; 6:8-13; 7:1-38; 9:1-24; 16:1-34; 17:11 | ”Holocauste” (traditional Segond rendering of olah) is the near-exclusive French referent for the Shoah; must render “sacrifice entièrement consumé” throughout. “Expiation” for kipper risks penal-legalistic flattening of the covering/cleansing sense, and Catholic sacramental-penance categories must not be read back into the OT rite. | Human theologian |
| 2 | The Holiness of God and the Call to Be Holy | High | 10:10; 11:44-45; 19:2; 20:7, 26 | French Catholic/popular usage of “saint” defaults to canonized individuals; Lev 19:2’s address to the whole covenant community must not be narrowed. Lev 10:10’s two independent axes (sacred/ordinary; clean/unclean) are easily collapsed into one category. | Human theologian |
| 3 | The Priesthood and Mediation | High | 8:1-36; 9:1-24; 10:1-11; 16:1-34; 21:1-24; 24:1-9 | ”Ordination” risks importing Catholic/Orthodox Holy-Orders/apostolic-succession theology onto the hereditary Aaronic office; “prêtre” vs. “pasteur” carries live French Protestant/Catholic register distinctions that must not be projected onto the OT office. | Human theologian |
| 4 | Clean and Unclean | High | 10:10; 11:1-47; 12:1-8; 13:1-59; 14:1-57; 15:1-33; 22:1-16 | Secular French “pur/impur” defaults to a chemical/hygienic register; risk of moralizing ritual categories as equivalent to sin/guilt, which the text keeps distinct. | Human theologian |
| 5 | The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) | Critical | 16:1-34; 23:26-32 | Theological anchor of the curriculum. “Propitiatoire” must remain consistent with any French rendering of Romans 3:25’s hilastērion. “Yom Kippour” is a widely and currently practiced holy day in France’s Jewish community; content must avoid a dismissive or supersessionist framing of ongoing observance. | Human theologian |
| 6 | The Scapegoat and Substitution | High | 16:8-10; 16:20-22; 16:27 | ”Bouc émissaire” is a fully secularized French idiom for any blame-shifted party (politics, media, sport); highest trivialization risk in the doctrine set. “Confesser” risks default association with the private Catholic sacrament of Confession. | Human theologian |
| 7 | Sabbath and Sacred Time | High | 16:29-31; 19:3, 30; 23:1-44; 25:1-7 | France’s secularized Sunday-rest heritage risks a “dimanche” substitution for the Saturday-specific OT referent; France’s actively Sabbath-observant Jewish community requires careful distinction between the ancient institution and present-day practice. | Human theologian |
| 8 | Love of Neighbor (Leviticus 19:18) | Medium | 19:9-18; 19:33-34 | Secular French “aimer” is romance/emotion-loaded, risking obscurity of the volitional, action-oriented sense required by the surrounding concrete case law (gleaning, wages, slander). | Native speaker review |
| 9 | Blood Atonement and the Life Principle | Critical | 17:10-14 | The book’s own programmatic doctrinal statement (blood + life + expiation in one verse); a loose paraphrase severs the direct conceptual foundation for Hebrews 9:22 and Romans 3:25/5:9. Must be reviewed as a unit, not term-by-term. | Human theologian |
| 10 | Guilt, Confession, and Restitution | High | 5:1-19; 6:1-7; 16:16; 16:21 | The guilt offering’s restitution-plus-sacrifice structure must not be conflated with the sin offering; “confesser” risks default association with French Catholic private Confession and priestly absolution, absent from the text. | Human theologian |
| 11 | Priestly Ordination and Consecration | High | 8:1-36; 16:4; 16:32 | ”Ordination sacerdotale” risks readers mapping the hereditary Aaronic installation onto Catholic/Orthodox Holy Orders and apostolic succession; the anointing oil’s LXX link to christos must remain in commentary only. | Human theologian |
| 12 | The Tabernacle and the Presence of God | High | 1:1; 9:23-24; 16:2; 16:33 | ”Le tabernacle” in ordinary and Catholic French usage denotes the small altar-side Host-reservation cabinet, not a tent-shrine the size of a courtyard; single greatest referent-scale collision in the glossary. | Human theologian |
| 13 | Covenant Blessings and Curses | Medium | 26:1-46 | Reinforces the baseline’s rationale for “alliance” over “contrat”; low collision risk beyond ensuring “bénédiction/malédiction” read as covenantal, not superstitious/fortune-based. | Native speaker review |
| 14 | Vows and Dedication to God | Medium | 27:1-34 | French Catholic religious-life vows (poverty, chastity, obedience) are the dominant contemporary association of “vœu(x)”; must clarify these are voluntary personal property/person dedications. “Cherem” must not become “anathème” (modern French: ecclesiastical excommunication). | Native speaker review |
| 15 | Dietary Laws and Covenant Identity | Medium | 11:1-47 | Must clarify these are pedagogical, identity-marking, ritual-symbolic categories, not claims about animals’ inherent moral status. Kosher and halal are both currently practiced, publicly visible French food categories. | Native speaker review |
| 16 | Sexual Ethics within the Holiness Code | Medium | 18:1-30; 20:10-21 | Frames sexual ethics within the holiness/purity framework rather than a separate secular-ethical category; main risk is register (avoiding clinical or crude alternatives to the standard euphemism “découvrir la nudité”), and the live contemporary French cultural-politics context. | Native speaker review |
| 17 | Unblemished Offerings and Typological Perfection | Medium | 1:3, 10; 21:16-23; 22:17-25 | Modern French disability-rights sensitivity requires framing priestly/animal blemish disqualification as cultic-symbolic, not a statement of personal worth. | Native speaker review |
| 18 | The Appointed Feasts and Sacred Calendar | Medium | 23:1-44 | Bare “fêtes” risks a purely festive/secular-holiday connotation (“les fêtes de fin d’année”); Yom Kippour, Pâque, and Souccot require historical and interfaith sensitivity given live recognition in French Jewish community life. | Native speaker review |
| 19 | Care for the Stranger and Sojourner | Medium | 19:33-34; 25:35-38 | The command’s extension of neighbor-love to “l’étranger” carries live contemporary French immigration-politics resonance; handle without suppressing or overstating the parallel. | Native speaker review |
| 20 | Blasphemy and Reverence for God’s Name | Medium | 24:10-16; 24:23 | Ensure “the Name” (a reverential circumlocution) is understood specifically, not as generic insulting speech, when rendering “blasphémer/maudire le Nom.” | Native speaker review |
| 21 | Disease Diagnosis and Priestly Authority | Medium | 13:1-59; 14:1-57 | Illustrates the mediating priestly office’s public-health-examiner-like function; “lèpre” risks medical inaccuracy and stigmatization of contemporary Hansen’s disease patients if unglossed. | Native speaker review |
| 22 | Congregation and Corporate Covenant Identity | Medium | 4:13-21; 9:5; 16:5, 17, 33 | Must render “communauté/assemblée,” avoiding both anachronistic “synagogue” and bare “Église,” which would wrongly imply NT-institutional continuity. | Native speaker review |
| 23 | Jubilee, Redemption, and Economic Justice | High | 25:1-55 | French Catholic tradition’s well-established “Année jubilaire” (Holy Years, indulgences) is a specific and different institution readers may default to; the Christological weight of “Rédempteur” risks over- or under-reading the concrete kinsman-redeemer institution absent prior clarification. | Human theologian |
| 24 | Firstfruits and Offering Procedure | Low | 2:12-14; 6:8-13; 7:28-36; 23:9-14 | Stable, low-doctrinal-stakes procedural vocabulary; minor technical distinctions worth a glossary note but not a translation risk. | Automated review |
C. Chapter 16 Deep-Dive (Core Passage — Leviticus 16:1-34)
Because Leviticus 16 is the curriculum’s theological anchor, it carries the highest concentration of doctrine load-bearing content in the book and touches eight of the 24 registry doctrines simultaneously:
| Verse Range | Doctrine(s) Active | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 16:1-2 | Tabernacle and Presence of God; Priesthood and Mediation | Aaron’s restricted access behind the veil establishes the mediation structure the whole chapter resolves. |
| 16:3-10 | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Scapegoat and Substitution | Introduces the two-goat structure: one slain (sacrificial atonement), one sent away (substitutionary removal). |
| 16:11-14 | Sacrificial System and Atonement; Priestly Ordination and Consecration | Aaron’s own sin offering precedes his mediatorial act — his mediation is itself dependent on prior atonement. |
| 16:15-19 | Day of Atonement; Guilt, Confession, and Restitution | The kapporet/propitiatoire is sprinkled for the sanctuary’s uncleanness — cleansing extends to sacred space itself. |
| 16:16, 21 | Guilt, Confession, and Restitution (guilt-triad) | “Impuretés, transgressions et péchés” — the threefold taxonomy must not be flattened to one generic term. |
| 16:20-22 | Scapegoat and Substitution | The confession and the “bearing away” of iniquity is the passage’s most substitution-dense unit; requires theologian sign-off on “porter” and “bouc émissaire” together. |
| 16:27 | Scapegoat and Substitution | ”Hors du camp” — direct verbal bridge to Hebrews 13:11-13; flag for future cross-curriculum consistency. |
| 16:29-31 | Sabbath and Sacred Time | ”Un sabbat, un jour de repos complet” — the annual, once-a-year intensified Sabbath. |
| 16:32-33 | Priestly Ordination and Consecration; Tabernacle and Presence of God | The anointed/ordained high priest’s unique authorization to perform the rite. |
| 16:34 | Day of Atonement | ”Une fois par an” — the recurring nature Hebrews will contrast with Christ’s single, final sacrifice. |
D. Risk Summary (must match doctrine_risk_registry.json exactly)
| Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 9 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 11 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 1 | Automated review |
| Total doctrines | 24 | — |
| Total requiring theologian review | 12 | (Critical + High) |
| Total requiring native speaker review | 11 | |
| Total automated-only | 1 |
This distribution is identical to doctrine_risk_registry.json’s risk_summary block. No doctrine, tier, or routing value has been altered; this document exists to provide chapter-anchored supporting passages and grounded translation-risk rationale for each entry.
Companion to 08_core_glossary.md (term-level detail) and 04_comparative_theology.md (cross-tradition interpretive detail). Load all three alongside doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation of any Leviticus unit.
Critical Risk Doctrines
The Sacrificial System and Atonement
French name: le système sacrificiel et l’expiation
Key terms: burnt offering, sin offering, guilt offering, peace offering, grain offering, atonement, blood
Review routing: Human theologian
CRITICAL: the traditional French rendering ‘holocauste’ for the burnt offering (olah) is the near-exclusive French referent for the Shoah, given France’s Vichy-era history and large Jewish community — using it for animal sacrifice risks severe offense and total loss of meaning, requiring ‘sacrifice entièrement consumé’ throughout. Separately, ‘expiation’ for kipper carries a penal-legalistic connotation in secular French that can flatten the richer covering/cleansing sense, and Catholic sacramental penance theology must not be read back into the OT rite.
The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
French name: le Jour des Expiations (Yom Kippour)
Key terms: Day of Atonement, mercy seat, guilt-triad, sabbath of solemn rest, once in the year
Review routing: Human theologian
This is the theological anchor of the whole curriculum; ‘propitiatoire’ for kapporet must stay consistent with any French rendering of Romans 3:25’s hilastērion, since the force of the NT typology depends on the verbal link. ‘Yom Kippour’ is a positively and widely recognized term in French society given its Jewish community; teaching content must present the Christian theological reading of fulfillment without offering either a merely anthropological description or a supersessionist dismissal of ongoing Jewish observance.
Blood Atonement and the Life Principle
French name: le sang, l’expiation et le principe de la vie
Key terms: blood, life/soul, atonement
Review routing: Human theologian
Leviticus 17:11 is the book’s own programmatic doctrinal statement combining sang/vie/expiation into a single verse establishing that blood atones because it represents a forfeited life, not because it is intrinsically magical; each component term is independently flagged elsewhere, but their combination here requires unit-level theologian review since a loose paraphrase would sever the direct conceptual foundation for ‘without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness’ (Heb 9:22) and for Christ’s blood in Romans 3:25, 5:9.
High Risk Doctrines
The Holiness of God and the Call to Be Holy
French name: la sainteté de Dieu et l’appel à la sainteté
Key terms: holy, consecrate, profane, holy and common, clean and unclean
Review routing: Human theologian
French Catholic and popular usage of ‘saint’ defaults to canonized individuals; Lev 19:2’s command to the whole people (‘soyez saints’) must be rendered as addressed to the entire covenant community. Lev 10:10’s two independent axes (sacred/ordinary; clean/unclean) are easily collapsed into one category by French readers with either a Catholic ritual-purity background or no purity-code intuition at all.
The Priesthood and Mediation
French name: le sacerdoce et la médiation
Key terms: priest, high priest, consecration/ordination, tabernacle/tent of meeting, anointing oil
Review routing: Human theologian
‘Ordination’ risks importing Catholic/Orthodox Holy-Orders sacramental theology (apostolic succession) onto the hereditary Aaronic office; ‘tabernacle’ in French usage denotes the small altar-side Host-reservation cabinet, a wholly different object from the tent-shrine complex, risking serious scale-and-referent confusion about where God’s presence dwells.
Clean and Unclean
French name: le pur et l’impur
Key terms: clean/unclean, uncleanness, skin disease
Review routing: Human theologian
Secular French ‘pur/impur’ carries chemical/hygienic connotations (produit pur) risking a scientific rather than theological-symbolic reading, and risks moralizing ritual categories as equivalent to sin/guilt, which the text itself keeps distinct; bare traditional ‘lèpre’ for tsara’at risks medical inaccuracy and stigmatization of contemporary Hansen’s disease patients.
The Scapegoat and Substitution
French name: le bouc émissaire et la substitution
Key terms: scapegoat/Azazel, confession, bear iniquity, outside the camp, lay hands on
Review routing: Human theologian
‘Bouc émissaire’ is a fully secularized French idiom for any blame-shifted person in everyday usage (office politics, media), risking trivialization of the substitutionary ritual’s theological weight into a mere social metaphor; ‘confesser’ for the high priest’s act risks readers defaulting to the specific French Catholic sacrament of private Confession with priestly absolution, which is not what the text depicts.
Sabbath and Sacred Time
French name: le sabbat et le temps sacré
Key terms: sabbath, sabbath of solemn rest, appointed feasts, holy convocation
Review routing: Human theologian
France’s secularized, historically Catholic-shaped Sunday-rest tradition can cause readers to default to ‘dimanche’ associations rather than the Saturday-specific OT referent; France’s significant Jewish community means ‘sabbat’ is also a live, currently-practiced term, requiring careful distinction between the ancient institution under study and present-day Jewish observance to avoid appropriation or unintended commentary.
Guilt, Confession, and Restitution
French name: la culpabilité, la confession et la réparation
Key terms: guilt offering, confession, restitution, guilt-triad
Review routing: Human theologian
The guilt offering’s requirement of restitution plus sacrifice must not be conflated with the sin offering; ‘confesser’ throughout risks the French Catholic private-Confession frame, requiring explicit clarification that this is spoken acknowledgment of specific guilt, not a sacramental rite with priestly absolution.
Priestly Ordination and Consecration
French name: l’ordination et la consécration sacerdotale
Key terms: consecration/ordination, anointing oil, holy garments
Review routing: Human theologian
‘Ordination sacerdotale’ risks readers mapping the hereditary Aaronic installation directly onto the Catholic/Orthodox sacrament of Holy Orders and its apostolic-succession theology; the anointing-oil vocabulary’s LXX link to christos must be reserved for commentary, not inserted into the base translation as an explicit Christ-identification.
The Tabernacle and the Presence of God
French name: la tente de la Rencontre et la présence de Dieu
Key terms: tabernacle/tent of meeting, glory, veil, sanctuary
Review routing: Human theologian
‘Le tabernacle’ in ordinary and Catholic French usage denotes the small altar-side cabinet for the reserved Host, not a tent-shrine the size of a building; using it unglossed risks a severe scale-and-referent misunderstanding of where and how God’s presence dwelt among Israel.
Jubilee, Redemption, and Economic Justice
French name: le jubilé, la rédemption et la justice économique
Key terms: Jubilee, redemption/redeemer, liberty/release
Review routing: Human theologian
French Catholic tradition’s well-established ‘Année jubilaire’/‘Jubilé’ (Holy Years, pilgrimage, plenary indulgences) is a specific and different institution readers may default to; the NT-derived Christological weight of ‘Rédempteur’ risks over- or under-reading this concrete kinsman-redeemer socio-legal institution if the socio-legal background is not clarified before the typology is drawn.
Medium Risk Doctrines
Love of Neighbor (Leviticus 19:18)
French name: l’amour du prochain
Key terms: love, neighbor, stranger/sojourner
Review routing: Native speaker review
Secular French ‘aimer’ is romance/emotion-loaded, risking obscurity of the volitional, action-oriented sense the surrounding concrete legal commands (gleaning, wages, slander) require; the extension to ‘l’étranger’ in 19:33-34 carries live contemporary French immigration-politics resonance that must be handled without suppression or overstatement.
Covenant Blessings and Curses
French name: les bénédictions et les malédictions de l’alliance
Key terms: covenant, blessing, curse, cut off
Review routing: Native speaker review
Reinforces the baseline’s own rationale for ‘alliance’ over ‘contrat’ as a relational bond with real stipulated consequences; low collision risk beyond ensuring ‘bénédiction/malédiction’ are read as covenantal, not merely fortune-based.
Vows and Dedication to God
French name: les vœux et la consécration de biens à Dieu
Key terms: vow, devoted thing (cherem), valuation
Review routing: Native speaker review
French Catholic religious-life vows (poverty, chastity, obedience) are the dominant contemporary association of ‘vœu(x)’; must clarify these are voluntary personal property/person dedications, not institutional religious vows. ‘Cherem’ must not be rendered ‘anathème’, which in modern French denotes ecclesiastical excommunication/condemnation.
Dietary Laws and Covenant Identity
French name: les lois alimentaires et l’identité du peuple de l’alliance
Key terms: clean/unclean (dietary), detestable/abomination, swarming things
Review routing: Native speaker review
Teaching material must clarify these are pedagogical, identity-marking, ritual-symbolic categories, not claims about animals’ inherent moral status or creation’s goodness; avoid rendering with terms implying the animals themselves are evil.
Sexual Ethics within the Holiness Code
French name: la sainteté sexuelle dans le code de sainteté
Key terms: uncover nakedness, profane, cut off
Review routing: Native speaker review
Frames sexual ethics within the holiness/purity framework rather than a separate secular-ethical category; French rendering of the euphemism ‘découvrir la nudité’ is standard across traditions, with the main risk being register (avoiding clinical or crude alternatives) rather than doctrinal distortion.
Unblemished Offerings and Typological Perfection
French name: les offrandes sans défaut et la perfection typologique
Key terms: unblemished, blemish
Review routing: Native speaker review
Establishes a standard of costly, perfect substitution typologically fulfilled in Christ’s sinless perfection; modern French disability-rights sensitivity requires framing priestly/animal blemish disqualification as cultic-symbolic, not a statement of personal worth, wherever chs. 21-22 are taught directly.
The Appointed Feasts and Sacred Calendar
French name: les fêtes fixées et le calendrier sacré
Key terms: appointed feasts, holy convocation, Passover, Feast of Weeks, Feast of Tabernacles
Review routing: Native speaker review
Bare ‘fêtes’ risks a purely festive/secular-holiday connotation as in ‘les fêtes de fin d’année’, undermining the divinely-instituted character of these observances; handle Yom Kippour, Pâque, and Souccot with historical and interfaith sensitivity given their live recognition in French Jewish community life.
Care for the Stranger and Sojourner
French name: le souci de l’étranger et du résident
Key terms: stranger/sojourner, love, Jubilee
Review routing: Native speaker review
The command’s extension of neighbor-love to ‘l’étranger’ carries live contemporary French immigration-politics resonance; handle without suppressing or overstating the parallel to current debates.
Blasphemy and Reverence for God’s Name
French name: le blasphème et le respect du Nom de Dieu
Key terms: blaspheme the Name, profane
Review routing: Native speaker review
Ensure the referent (‘the Name’, a reverential circumlocution for the divine name) is understood specifically, not merely generic insulting speech, when rendering ‘blasphémer/maudire le Nom’.
Disease Diagnosis and Priestly Authority
French name: le diagnostic des maladies et l’autorité sacerdotale
Key terms: skin disease, priest’s declarative role, clean/unclean
Review routing: Native speaker review
Illustrates the breadth of the mediating priestly office (a public-health-examiner-like function); ‘lèpre’ risks medical inaccuracy and stigmatization of contemporary Hansen’s disease patients if unglossed.
Congregation and Corporate Covenant Identity
French name: l’assemblée et l’identité collective de l’alliance
Key terms: congregation, assembly
Review routing: Native speaker review
Must render ‘communauté/assemblée’, avoiding both anachronistic ‘synagogue’ and bare ‘Église’, which would wrongly imply NT-institutional continuity rather than the covenant nation gathered at the sanctuary.
Low Risk Doctrines
Firstfruits and Offering Procedure
French name: les prémices et la procédure des offrandes
Key terms: firstfruits, wave offering, contribution offering, perpetual fire
Review routing: Automated review
Stable, low-doctrinal-stakes procedural vocabulary; minor technical distinctions (waving vs. setting aside a priestly portion) worth a glossary note but not a translation risk.
Referenced passages