Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Jeremiah

A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline Translation Memory

Term (EN)	Original (Hebrew)	Transliteration	French Rendering (REUSE)	Risk (baseline)	Jeremiah Chapters	Note
covenant	בְּרִית	berit	alliance	Medium (High in Jeremiah — see B)	3, 11, 31–34 (core), 33, 34	Jeremiah intensifies baseline’s covenant risk given the book’s sustained covenant-lawsuit genre.
righteousness	צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה	tsedeq / tsedaqah	justice	High	9, 22, 23, 33	Applied to royal governance (ch. 22) and the messianic Branch’s title (ch. 23), not only forensic soteriology.
justice	מִשְׁפָּט	mishpat	justice	(paired with above)	9, 22	French “justice” must retain the social-ethical (defense of the poor) sense alongside the legal-system sense.
sin	חַטָּאָה / חֵטְא	chatta’ah / chet	péché	Medium	31 (core), throughout	See Section B for the OT three-term sin-family nuance (chet/avon/pesha) baseline “péché” cannot fully carry alone.
holy	קָדוֹשׁ	qadosh	saint	Medium	(general, background)	No new context beyond baseline.
prophet	נָבִיא	navi	prophète	Low	1, throughout	Stable; contrast term “false prophet” is new (Section B).
prophecy	נְבוּאָה	nevu’ah	prophétie	Low	23, 28	Stable; discernment criteria (dream vs. word) are new (Section B).
glory	כָּבוֹד	kavod	gloire	Medium	(background)	No new context requiring departure from baseline.
israel	יִשְׂרָאֵל	Yisra’el	Israël	Medium	throughout	Baseline caution against modern-nation-state conflation applies with equal or greater force in Jeremiah.
god	אֱלֹהִים / יהוה	Elohim / YHWH	Dieu	Critical	throughout	The tetragrammaton itself requires a register decision — see Section C.
father	אָב	av	Père	Medium	3, 31	Tender restoration-after-judgment image, consistent with baseline sense.
david	דָּוִד	David	David	Low	23, 33	Proper name; background for the Davidic Branch messianic title (Section B).
law	תּוֹרָה	torah	loi	High	31 (core)	The New Covenant’s internalization of the same Mosaic Torah the baseline already flags as High risk.
calling / called	קָרָא	qara	appel / appelé	Medium/High	1	Jeremiah’s prophetic call (ch. 1); distinct sense from Romans’ salvation-calling but same French term applies.
gentiles	עֲמָּמִים	ammim (peoples)	païens (baseline) — prefer “nations” here, see B	Medium	(see note)	Jeremiah’s usage is predominantly geopolitical (“the nations,” goyim), not the Jew/Gentile ecclesial contrast of Romans; baseline’s own guidance to prefer “les nations” in non-ecclesial contexts applies directly.

B. New Terms Required by Jeremiah (Not in Romans Baseline)

Term (EN gloss)	Original (Hebrew)	Transliteration	Literal Meaning	French Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Chapters	Rationale
New Covenant	בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה	berit chadashah	”new binding agreement”	nouvelle alliance	Critical	The New Covenant	31:31 (core)	Collides with the French name for the entire New Testament canon (“Nouvelle Alliance” = Nouveau Testament); supersessionism risk given France’s Jewish community and baseline’s Israël caution. Human theologian review every occurrence.
covenant-breaking	פָּרַר (בְּרִית)	parar (berit)	“to annul/frustrate [a covenant]“	rompre (l’alliance)	Medium	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness	31:32; 11	Must convey deliberate rupture, not mere neglect.
”I was their husband/master”	בָּעַלְתִּי	ba’alti	”I was husband/master of”	époux (preferred over maître)	High	The New Covenant	31:32 (core)	LXX/Hebrews 8:9 diverges from MT reading (“disregarded” vs. “was husband to”); cross-testament citation-consistency risk requiring translator note.
write on the heart	כָּתַב עַל־לֵב	katav al-lev	”to write upon the heart”	écrire sur le cœur	Medium	The New Covenant	31:33 (core)	French “cœur” narrower (sentiment) than Hebrew “lev” (whole inner person, mind + will).
covenant formula	הָיָה לְאֱלֹהִים / לְעָם	hayah le-Elohim / le-am	”I will be for God to them, they for people to me”	« je serai leur Dieu, ils seront mon peuple »	Medium	The New Covenant	31:33 (core)	Must not be read as anachronistically equivalent to “l’Église.”
relational knowledge of God	יָדַע	yada	”to know” (intimately, experientially)	connaître	Medium	The New Covenant	31:34 (core); 9:24; 22:16	Risk of flattening to intellectual/academic “connaître” versus covenantal intimacy.
forgive/pardon	סָלַח	salach	”to forgive, pardon”	pardonner	Medium	The New Covenant	31:34 (core)	Distinguish from priestly “expier” (atone) — salach is the divine pardon-act itself, not the sacrificial mechanism.
iniquity	עָוֹן	avon	”guilt, bent/twisted moral condition”	iniquité	High	The New Covenant; Individual Responsibility	31:34 (core); throughout	One of three distinct OT sin-terms (chet, avon, pesha) that baseline’s single “péché” entry cannot fully differentiate; risk of nuance loss across the whole book.
transgression	פֶּשַׁע	pesha	”willful rebellion against rightful authority”	transgression	Medium	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness	throughout	Third member of the sin-family triad; distinct from avon and chet.
remember [judicially]	זָכַר	zachar	”to remember” (with consequential/legal force)	se souvenir (de)	Low-Medium	The New Covenant	31:34 (core)	Judicial non-prosecution, not cognitive forgetfulness — must be taught, not assumed.
return/repent	שׁוּב	shuv	”to turn, turn back”	revenir (avoid “se repentir”/“se convertir” as primary)	High	Individual Responsibility; Hope of Restoration	3, 4, 15, 18, 24, 29–31	”Se repentir” carries French Catholic sacramental-Confession freight (parallel risk to baseline’s “justification” Trent flashpoint); “se convertir” implies single-event conversion rather than repeated relational turning.
spiritual adultery / harlotry	זָנָה	zanah	”to prostitute oneself”	se prostituer (métaphore de l’infidélité à l’alliance)	High	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry	2, 3	Risk of literal-accusation misreading; requires explicit metaphor-gloss every occurrence, parallel to baseline’s “saints” gloss requirement.
idol / idolatry	פֶּסֶל / אֱלִילִים	pesel / elilim	”carved image” / “worthless would-be-gods”	idole	High	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry	10, throughout	France-specific risk: must not be read as implicit polemic against Catholic devotional statues/images of saints and Mary — a live ecumenical sensitivity paralleling the baseline’s “saints” note.
vanity/futility (of idols)	הֶבֶל	hevel	”vapor, breath, emptiness”	vanité / néant	Medium	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry	10	Contrast term for the “living God”; ensure the futility sense (not moral vanity/pride) is preserved.
false prophet	נָבִיא שֶׁקֶר	navi shaqer	”prophet of falsehood”	faux prophète	High	False Prophets versus True Prophecy	6, 14, 23, 27–28	Discernment criterion (dream vs. word, ch. 23) must accompany the term; risk of readers assuming sincerity equals legitimacy.
dream vs. word (prophetic discernment)	חֲלוֹם / דָּבָר	chalom / davar	”dream” / “word”	rêve / parole	Medium	False Prophets versus True Prophecy	23	Explicit ANE prophetic-authentication background needed for modern readers.
false peace	שָׁלוֹם (שָׁלוֹם)	shalom shalom	”peace, peace” (falsely proclaimed)	« paix, paix » (proclamation trompeuse)	Medium-High	False Prophets versus True Prophecy	6, 8, 14	Must not be confused with baseline’s positive “peace with God” doctrine; this is corrupt religious leaders’ false claim.
righteous Branch	צֶמַח צַדִּיק / צֶמַח צְדָקָה	tsemach tsaddiq / tsedaqah	”righteous sprout/shoot”	le germe juste / le rejeton juste	Critical	God’s Sovereign Plans for His People; Messianic Promise	23, 33	Technical Davidic-messianic title; risk of reduction to “a future good king” divorced from fulfillment in Christ. Aligns with baseline “messiah” Critical entry.
”The LORD is our righteousness” (title)	יְהוָה צִדְקֵנוּ	YHWH Tsidkenu	”YHWH [is] our righteousness”	« le Seigneur notre justice »	Critical	Deity of Christ (typological); God’s Sovereign Plans	23	God’s own covenant name/character applied directly to the Davidic Branch — parallels baseline’s “son_of_god” Critical weight.
shepherd(s) [leadership image]	רֹעֶה / רֹעִים	ro’eh / ro’im	”shepherd(s)“	berger(s)	Low-Medium	God’s Sovereign Plans; Church as God’s People (typological link)	23	Positive/negative leadership image; low lexical risk, note forward link to Jean 10 for cross-curriculum consistency.
covenant loyalty / steadfast love	חֶסֶד	chesed	”loyal, covenantal love/kindness”	amour fidèle / bonté	High	God’s Sovereign Plans; New Covenant background	9, 31 (context)	Must not be silently collapsed into baseline’s “grâce” (distinct doctrinal category: relational covenant loyalty, not primarily unmerited-favor-to-the-guilty).
everlasting love	אַהֲבַת עוֹלָם	ahavat olam	”love of eternity”	amour éternel	Medium-High	The New Covenant (motivational ground)	31 (context)	Immediate ground for the New Covenant oracle; distinct Hebrew term from chesed, keep separate in teaching.
trust/rely (OT faith-parallel)	בָּטַח	batach	”to trust, rely on, feel secure in”	se confier / mettre sa confiance	Medium	Faith (OT background)	17	Keep distinct from “la foi” (reserved for NT pistis per baseline) while noting doctrinal continuity.
deceitful/twisted heart	עָקֹב הַלֵּב	aqov halev	”the heart is crooked”	le cœur est tortueux	Medium	Individual Responsibility	17	Foundational OT depravity text; “cœur” again narrower than Hebrew lev.
potter and clay (sovereignty)	יָצַר / חֶמֶר	yatsar / chemer	”to form” / “clay”	façonner / argile	Medium	God’s Sovereign Plans	18	Preserve the responsive conditionality of 18:7-10; avoid flattening into pure determinism.
remnant	שְׁאֵרִית	she’erit	”what remains”	un reste	Medium-High	Hope of Restoration; Individual Responsibility	44 (ironic use); 23, 31 (context)	Ch. 44’s ironic use (an unfaithful “remnant”) complicates the popular assumption that “remnant” always means “automatically faithful.”
seventy years	שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה	shiv’im shanah	”seventy years”	soixante-dix ans	Low	God’s Sovereign Plans	25	Concrete, historically verifiable prophetic timetable.
cup of wrath	כּוֹס חֲמַת יְהוָה	kos chamat YHWH	”cup of the LORD’s fury”	la coupe de la fureur/colère du SEIGNEUR	Medium	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness	25, 46–51	Cross-testament resonance with Gethsemane (Matthieu 26:39); flag for consistency.
yoke [submission to judgment]	עֹל	ol	”wooden yoke”	joug	Medium	God’s Sovereign Plans	27–28	Positive use (submission to Babylon as submission to God) needs careful historical framing to avoid quietist misapplication.
servant [applied to pagan king]	עֶבֶד	eved	”servant, slave”	serviteur	Medium	God’s Sovereign Plans	27	Must be distinguished from the Isaianic Suffering Servant messianic title-family.
plans of welfare/peace	מַחְשָׁבוֹת שָׁלוֹם	machshavot shalom	”thoughts of peace/wholeness”	des projets de paix / de bien-être	High	God’s Sovereign Plans	29	Widely decontextualized as individual-prosperity promise; original corporate, 70-year exile setting must be restored in teaching.
redemption [land-right]	גְּאֻלָּה	ge’ulah	”right/duty of repurchase”	droit de rachat	Medium	Hope of Restoration	32	Legal-economic kinship institution; distinguish from broader NT soteriological “rédemption.”
covenant with day and night	בְּרִית יוֹם וָלַיְלָה	berit yom va-laylah	”covenant of day, covenant of night”	l’alliance du jour et de la nuit	Low-Medium	God’s Sovereign Plans	33	Creation-order analogy for covenant certainty; reuses baseline “alliance” exactly.
release/liberty [slave manumission]	דְּרוֹר	deror	”liberty, release”	libération / affranchissement	Low-Medium	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness	34	Covenant-hypocrisy case study; ties to karat berit “cutting” ritual literally enacted in this chapter.
vengeance / recompense	נְקָמָה / גְּמוּל	neqamah / gemul	”vengeance” / “recompense, requital”	vengeance / rétribution	Medium	God’s Sovereign Plans (judgment on nations)	46–51	Must be taught as righteous judicial recompense, not petty personal revenge.
weeping / lament	בָּכָה / קִינָה	bakah / qinah	”to weep” / “funeral dirge”	pleurer / lamentation	Low	The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry	9, 15, 20 (thematic)	Lexically simple; doctrinally central to the ministry-cost theme; connects to the book of Lamentations.
”fire shut up in my bones”	אֵשׁ עֲצֻרָה בְּעַצְמֹתָי	esh atsurah be-atsmotai	”a restrained fire in my bones”	un feu enfermé dans mes os	Low	The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry	20	Vivid, directly translatable; key proof-text for the doctrine, no lexical ambiguity.
divorce [covenant-legal image]	גֵּרוּשִׁין	gerushin	”divorce”	divorce	Medium	Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness	3	God’s continued pursuit after “legal” grounds for divorce is the surprising grace-note; must not be lost.
circumcise the heart	מוּל לֵב	mul lev	”to circumcise [metaphorically] the heart”	circoncire le cœur	Medium	The New Covenant (anticipatory)	4	Anticipates 31:33’s internalized-law theme; requires OT circumcision background explanation for French readers.

C. Proper Names and Background Terms (Low Risk, Noted for Completeness)

Term (EN)	Original (Hebrew)	Transliteration	French Rendering	Risk	Chapters	Note
Baal	בַּעַל	Ba’al	Baal	Low	2, throughout	Proper name of the Canaanite storm-god; deliberate wordplay with ba’alti (“I was husband/master,” 31:32) worth preserving in commentary.
Ephraim	אֶפְרַיִם	Efrayim	Éphraïm	Low	31	Poetic name for the northern kingdom/Israel.
Topheth / Valley of Hinnom	תֹּפֶת / גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם	Topheth / Ge Ben-Hinnom	Topheth / vallée de Ben-Hinnom	Low (Medium background significance)	7, 19	Background for NT “Gehenna” hell-imagery.
Sabbath	שַׁבָּת	Shabbat	sabbat	Low	17	Standard covenant-sign term.
scroll	מְגִלָּה	megillah	rouleau	Low	36	Concrete writing-material object; background for Inspiration of Scripture doctrine.
Rachel	רָחֵל	Rachel	Rachel	Low	31	Quoted in Matthieu 2:18; cross-reference consistency flag.

D. Register Decision Required Before Phase 2

Tetragrammaton register (YHWH / נְאֻם־יְהוָה formula): This glossary recommends « le SEIGNEUR » / « dit le SEIGNEUR », aligning with the Romans baseline’s fixed “Seigneur” convention for kyrios, rather than reverting to the archaic Segond-1910 « l’Éternel » that the baseline’s own tone requirements (12_ai_translation_requirements.md) explicitly instruct against (“not archaic… avoid 17th-century Segond 1910 turns of phrase”). This decision must be ratified in Phase 1 Step 2 (register and script conventions) before any Phase 2 segment translation begins, since it affects every single chapter of Jeremiah (the formula recurs over 175 times).

Sin-vocabulary family (chet / avon / pesha): Recommend the baseline’s translation_memory.json be extended (not overwritten) with two new sibling entries — “iniquité” (avon) and “transgression” (pesha) — alongside the existing “péché” (chet, mapped to Greek hamartia) entry, so that Jeremiah’s three-term OT sin vocabulary is not silently flattened into a single French word across 52 chapters of sustained covenant-lawsuit rhetoric.

This glossary must be loaded alongside the Romans baseline translation_memory.json for all Phase 2 Jeremiah segment translation. Any new term recorded here that is subsequently used in Phase 2 must be written into an updated translation_memory.json (version incremented) before that segment is marked complete, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.

Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Elohim
Doctrine: Deity / Divine Sovereignty
Original: אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package for Elohim. See new entry ‘yhwh_name’ for the distinct tetragrammaton-register decision (‘le SEIGNEUR’) this book requires, recurring over 175 times.

New Covenant

Approved rendering: nouvelle alliance
Transliteration: berit chadashah
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: alliance renouvelée (weakens the genuine newness, chadash)
Original: בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה
Category: Covenant

CRITICAL, this curriculum’s theological anchor (Jeremiah 31:31). Collides with the standard French name for the entire New Testament canon (‘Nouvelle Alliance’ = ‘Nouveau Testament’); risks collapsing Jeremiah’s specific covenant promise into ‘the New Testament as a book.’ Supersessionism risk given France’s significant Jewish community: must be framed as fulfillment for ‘the house of Israel and the house of Judah,’ never Marcionite replacement. Human theologian review every occurrence; never capitalize as a title in running text.

Yhwh Name

Approved rendering: le SEIGNEUR
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: Deity / Divine Sovereignty
Rejected alternatives: l’Éternel (archaic Segond 1910, explicitly disfavored by the baseline’s tone requirements), Yahvé/YHWH transliterated (unfamiliar to lay readership)
Original: יהוה
Category: God

CRITICAL register decision affecting nearly every chapter of Jeremiah (over 175 occurrences). Fixed as ‘le SEIGNEUR’ (TOB/BJ-style small-capitals convention) to align with the Romans baseline’s fixed ‘Seigneur’ convention for kyrios, rather than the archaic ‘l’Éternel.’ Ratified before Phase 2 begins.

Righteous Branch

Approved rendering: le germe juste / le rejeton juste
Transliteration: tsemach tsaddiq / tsemach tsedaqah
Doctrine: Messianic Promise: The Righteous Branch
Rejected alternatives: un bon roi futur (reduces to a purely political figure, losing the technical Davidic-messianic title)
Original: צֶמַח צַדִּיק / צֶמַח צְדָקָה
Category: Christology

Jeremiah 23:5; 33:15. Technical Davidic-messianic title, not merely ‘a future good king.’ Human theologian review required for consistent messianic framing, parallel to baseline’s ‘messiah’ Critical entry.

Yhwh Tsidkenu

Approved rendering: « le Seigneur notre justice »
Transliteration: YHWH Tsidkenu
Doctrine: Deity of the Messianic Branch (YHWH Tsidkenu)
Rejected alternatives: le Seigneur nous rendra justice (softens the identity-claim into a mere honorific)
Original: יְהוָה צִדְקֵנוּ
Category: Christology

Jeremiah 23:6; 33:16. God’s own covenant name/character applied directly to the Davidic Branch — an identity-claim, not an honorific title. Parallels the baseline’s ‘son_of_god’ Critical weight. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.

High Risk Terms

Covenant

Approved rendering: alliance
Transliteration: berit
Doctrine: Covenant / The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrat
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk: Medium). Elevated to High for Jeremiah: the whole book is structured as an extended covenant lawsuit (chs. 2, 11, 34) culminating in the New Covenant oracle (ch. 31); a ritually sealed (‘cut’) relational bond, not a mere legal contract.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: tsedeq / tsedaqah
Doctrine: Righteousness / Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: vertu, droiture
Original: צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. In Jeremiah applied both to forensic standing and to royal governance (22:3, 15) and the messianic Branch’s title (23:5-6; 33:15-16); French ‘justice’ must retain the social-ethical sense (defending the poor) alongside the legal-system sense the baseline already flags.

Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: mishpat
Doctrine: Righteousness (social-ethical dimension)
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Salvation

New registry key paired with tsedaqah (‘righteousness’ above); same French rendering ‘justice.’ Kings are judged by mishpat u-tsedaqah (22:3, 15) — defense of the poor, fatherless, and widow. Introduced separately so the social-ethical sense is not silently absorbed into the purely forensic sense.

Law

Approved rendering: loi
Transliteration: torah
Doctrine: Internalization of the Law / The New Covenant
Original: תּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. The New Covenant relocates this same Mosaic Torah from external tablets to the internalized heart (31:33); must not be read as abolition (Marcionite) nor as a vague ‘principle of love’ divorced from concrete moral content.

Calling

Approved rendering: appel / appelé
Transliteration: qara
Doctrine: Prophetic Call and Authority
Rejected alternatives: vocation (clergy-narrowing risk)
Original: קָרָא
Category: Prophecy

Inherited from Romans package. Jeremiah’s prophetic call before birth (1:5) is a distinct sense (vocational, prophetic office) from Romans’ salvation-calling, but the same French term applies; ‘vocation’ remains forbidden per baseline rule.

I Was Their Husband

Approved rendering: époux
Transliteration: ba’alti (anochi ba’alti vam)
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: maître (loses the marital-covenant metaphor)
Original: אָנֹכִי בָּעַלְתִּי בָם
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 31:32. Genuine LXX/MT versional divergence: the LXX reads ‘I disregarded them,’ quoted as such in Hébreux 8:9 of the French NT. Rendering Jeremiah 31:32 as ‘époux’ will visibly diverge from Hébreux 8:9 — not a translation error, but requires a translator note every occurrence so reviewers do not ‘correct’ one text to match the other.

Everlasting Love

Approved rendering: un amour éternel
Transliteration: ahavat olam
Doctrine: Divine Love and Covenant Loyalty
Rejected alternatives: grâce (distinct Hebrew concept, must not be silently collapsed)
Original: אַהֲבַת עוֹלָם
Category: Salvation

Jeremiah 31:3. Immediate motivational ground for the New Covenant oracle; must be kept lexically distinct from baseline’s Critical-risk ‘grâce’ entry despite doctrinal overlap (unmerited, prior divine initiative).

Covenant Loyalty

Approved rendering: amour fidèle / bonté
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: Divine Love and Covenant Loyalty
Rejected alternatives: grâce (erases the relational-loyalty-over-time distinction)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Salvation

Jeremiah 9:24 (with mishpat, tsedaqah — the triad of true boasting). No single French word exists; must not be silently collapsed into baseline’s Critical-risk ‘grâce’ entry.

Iniquite

Approved rendering: iniquité
Transliteration: avon
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Atonement / Individual Responsibility
Rejected alternatives: péché (flattens the three-term Hebrew sin family)

Jeremiah 31:34; throughout. A bent, twisted moral condition and its guilt, distinct from chet (‘sin’) and pesha (‘transgression’). Standard French vocabulary does not map one-to-one onto this three-term family; must remain lexically distinct from ‘péché’ so the New Covenant’s promise to forgive the deep moral condition (not only isolated acts) is not lost.

Idol Idolatry

Approved rendering: idole
Transliteration: pesel / elilim
Doctrine: Idolatry versus Devotional Images (France-Specific)
Original: פֶּסֶל / אֱלִילִים
Category: Idolatry

Jeremiah 10:1-16; throughout. France-specific: French Catholic devotional statues/images of Christ, Mary, and the saints are doctrinally distinguished by the Church from idolatry (latria vs. dulia), but this distinction is not always operative in popular devotion. Requires an explicit gloss (worship OF an image as substitute deity, vs. devotional use of an image pointing TO God) every occurrence. Human theologian review recommended wherever the comparison is drawn explicitly or implicitly.

Spiritual Adultery

Approved rendering: se prostituer (métaphore de l’infidélité à l’alliance)
Transliteration: zanah
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: זָנָה
Category: Idolatry

Jeremiah 2-3. Israel’s covenant unfaithfulness/idolatry under the marital-infidelity metaphor. Risk of a literal-sexual-accusation misreading; requires an explicit metaphor-gloss every occurrence, parallel to the baseline’s mandatory ‘saints’ gloss.

False Prophet

Approved rendering: faux prophète
Transliteration: navi shaqer
Doctrine: False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Original: נָבִיא שֶׁקֶר
Category: Prophecy

Chs. 6, 14, 23, 27-28. Must always be accompanied by Jeremiah’s own discernment criterion (dream vs. word, ch. 23); in France’s pluralistic, therapeutic religious culture, readers risk assuming sincerity equals legitimacy.

False Peace

Approved rendering: « paix, paix » (proclamation trompeuse)
Transliteration: shalom shalom
Doctrine: Discernment of True versus False ‘Peace’
Original: שָׁלוֹם שָׁלוֹם
Category: Prophecy

Jeremiah 6:14; 8:11; 14:13-16. Identical French word ‘paix’ to the baseline’s positive ‘peace with God’ doctrine (Romans 5:1); this is corrupt religious leaders’ self-serving false claim and must be explicitly contrasted in teaching every occurrence — a within-curriculum collision risk, not merely an intra-book one.

Return Repent

Approved rendering: revenir
Transliteration: shuv
Doctrine: Repentance and Return
Rejected alternatives: se repentir (French Catholic sacramental-Confession freight), se convertir (implies a single decisive conversion event, not Jeremiah’s repeated relational turning)
Original: שׁוּב
Category: Sin

Jeremiah’s single most theologically loaded verb (over 111 occurrences: 3:12, 14, 22; 4:1; throughout). Fixed as ‘revenir’ for the primary rendering. Human theologian review required at every major occurrence given the doctrinal weight riding on this one verb across the whole book.

Remnant

Approved rendering: un reste
Transliteration: she’erit
Doctrine: Remnant Theology / Individual Responsibility
Original: שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Restoration

Jeremiah 23:3; 44:1-30. French devotional culture assumes ‘un reste’ always denotes an automatically faithful minority; ch. 44’s ironic usage (an unfaithful remnant in Egypt) directly complicates this assumption and must be taught explicitly.

Plans Of Welfare

Approved rendering: des projets de paix / de bien-être
Transliteration: machshavot shalom
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Original: מַחְשָׁבוֹת שָׁלוֹם
Category: Restoration

Jeremiah 29:11. Among the most widely quoted and decontextualized verses in French devotional culture, frequently applied as an individualized prosperity promise. Teaching material must restore the corporate, exile-specific, 70-year (29:10) context every time it is quoted.

Medium Risk Terms

Sin

Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: chatta’ah / chet
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Individual Responsibility
Original: חַטָּאָה / חֵטְא
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Colloquial French ‘péché’ (‘péché mignon’) risks trivializing Jeremiah’s sustained covenant-breach indictment across 52 chapters; see sibling entries ‘iniquite’ (avon) and ‘transgression’ (pesha) for the OT three-term sin family this single baseline entry cannot carry alone.

Holy

Approved rendering: saint
Transliteration: qadosh
Doctrine: Sanctification / Separation unto God’s Service
Rejected alternatives: pur

Inherited from Romans package; no new context in Jeremiah beyond the baseline’s set-apart-and-morally-pure sense.

Glory

Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: kavod
Doctrine: Deity / God’s Radiance
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; no new context requiring departure from baseline caution against secular triumphalist readings.

Israel

Approved rendering: Israël
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of the Covenant People
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline caution against conflating biblical Israel with the modern nation-state applies with equal or greater force given Jeremiah’s sustained address to ‘the house of Israel’ and France’s significant Jewish community.

Father

Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: av
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family (typological background)
Original: אָב
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. In Jeremiah, the tender parental-restoration image invoked after judgment (3:19; 31:9, 20).

Gentiles

Approved rendering: païens
Transliteration: goyim / ammim
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: étrangers

Inherited from Romans package, but in Jeremiah’s predominantly geopolitical (not ecclesial Jew/Gentile) usage, prefer ‘les nations’ — see new entry ‘nations_gentiles’ — reserving ‘païens’ only where a genuinely religious-cultic contrast is in view.

Covenant Breaking

Approved rendering: rompre (l’alliance)
Transliteration: parar (berit)
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: négliger (too weak)
Original: פָּרַר
Category: Covenant

Deliberate rupture/annulment of a covenant, not mere neglect (31:32; 11:10).

Covenant Formula

Approved rendering: « je serai leur Dieu, et ils seront mon peuple »
Transliteration: hayah le-Elohim / le-am
Doctrine: Covenant Formula and Relational Belonging
Rejected alternatives: substituting ‘l’Église’ for ‘mon peuple’ (anachronistic)
Original: הָיָה לְ…אֱלֹהִים / לְעָם
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 31:33; 32:38. Covenant-people language prior to and underlying, not equivalent to, the New Testament church.

Covenant Day Night

Approved rendering: l’alliance du jour et l’alliance de la nuit
Transliteration: berit yom va-laylah
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Original: בְּרִית הַיּוֹם וּבְרִית הַלַּיְלָה
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 33:20, 25. Creation-order analogy guaranteeing covenant certainty; reuses baseline ‘alliance’ exactly.

Divorce Covenant Image

Approved rendering: divorce
Transliteration: gerushin
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: גֵּרוּשִׁין
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 3:1, 8. Ensure the surprising grace of God’s continued pursuit of Israel after ‘legal’ grounds for divorce is not lost.

Release Liberty

Approved rendering: libération / affranchissement
Transliteration: deror
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: דְּרוֹר
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 34:8-17. Sabbatical-year slave-release covenant formally cut then treacherously revoked — an object lesson in covenant hypocrisy; the chapter’s literal calf-cutting ritual (34:18) illustrates the karat berit background behind 31:31.

Redemption Land Right

Approved rendering: droit de rachat
Transliteration: ge’ulah
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Rejected alternatives: rédemption (anachronistic NT soteriological overreach)
Original: גְּאֻלָּה
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 32:6-15. Legal-kinship right/duty to repurchase family land; Jeremiah’s field purchase during a siege is an enacted prophecy of certain restoration. Must be distinguished in teaching from the broader NT soteriological ‘rédemption.‘

House Of Israel Judah

Approved rendering: maison d’Israël / maison de Juda
Transliteration: beit Yisra’el / beit Yehudah
Doctrine: Unity of the Covenant People
Original: בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל / בֵּית יְהוּדָה
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 31:31; 3:18. Corporate designations for the whole historic covenant people (post-schism, north and south), reunified in the New Covenant promise — not a newly invented religious community.

Forgive Pardon

Approved rendering: pardonner
Transliteration: salach
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: expier (priestly/sacrificial category, a distinct mechanism)
Original: סָלַח
Category: Salvation

Jeremiah 31:34. A distinctly divine prerogative verb; names God’s pardon-act itself, not the sacrificial mechanism that makes pardon possible.

Remember Judicially

Approved rendering: je ne me souviendrai plus (de leur péché)
Transliteration: zachar
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Atonement
Original: זָכַר
Category: Salvation

Jeremiah 31:34. A judicial declaration of non-prosecution, not a claim of cognitive forgetfulness — legally and relationally final, an act of will.

Write On The Heart

Approved rendering: l’écrire sur leur cœur
Transliteration: katav al-lev
Doctrine: The New Covenant / Internalization of the Law
Original: כָּתַב עַל־לֵב
Category: Salvation

Jeremiah 31:33. French ‘cœur’ is narrower (sentiment) than Hebrew ‘lev’ (mind, will, moral center); teaching content must clarify this breadth explicitly.

Relational Knowledge Of God

Approved rendering: connaître
Transliteration: yada
Doctrine: The New Covenant
Original: יָדַע
Category: Salvation

Jeremiah 31:34; 9:24. Intimate, experiential covenant knowledge, not intellectual acquaintance; parallels the baseline’s caution on ‘foi’ drifting toward generic religiosity.

Transgression

Approved rendering: transgression
Transliteration: pesha
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: péché, iniquité (each denotes a distinct member of the sin-term triad)
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Category: Sin

Third member of the OT sin-term triad alongside chet (péché) and avon (iniquité); willful rebellion against rightful authority. Keep lexically distinct in teaching.

Deceitful Heart

Approved rendering: le cœur est tortueux (par-dessus tout)
Transliteration: aqov halev
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility
Original: עָקֹב הַלֵּב
Category: Sin

Jeremiah 17:9. Foundational OT anthropology text for universal depravity; French ‘cœur’ again risks the narrower sentimental sense — must be glossed as the whole inner moral self, consistent with ‘write_on_the_heart’ (31:33); conceptually parallel to Romans 3’s universal indictment.

Vanity Futility

Approved rendering: vanité / néant
Transliteration: hevel
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: הֶבֶל
Category: Idolatry

Jeremiah 10:1-16. Futility/emptiness of idols contrasted with the living God; French ‘vanité’ alone leans toward moral pride/conceit — pair with ‘néant’ to anchor the futility sense.

Living God

Approved rendering: le Dieu vivant
Transliteration: elohim chayyim
Doctrine: Idolatry versus Devotional Images
Original: אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים
Category: God

Jeremiah 10:10. Contrastive with the idol-polemic entries; reuses baseline ‘Dieu,’ qualified.

Dream Vs Word

Approved rendering: rêve / parole
Transliteration: chalom / davar
Doctrine: False Prophets versus True Prophecy
Original: חֲלוֹם / דָּבָר
Category: Prophecy

Jeremiah 23:25-29. Jeremiah’s explicit criterion distinguishing self-generated dreams from the LORD’s authoritative word (‘like fire,’ ‘like a hammer’); needs ANE prophetic-authentication background for modern readers.

Yhwh Declaration Formula

Approved rendering: dit le SEIGNEUR
Transliteration: ne’um-YHWH
Doctrine: Inspiration and Preservation of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: dit l’Éternel (archaic)
Original: נְאֻם־יְהוָה
Category: God

The most frequent prophetic authentication formula in Jeremiah (over 175 occurrences), sealing an oracle as God’s own direct speech. Fixed as ‘dit le SEIGNEUR’ for consistency with ‘yhwh_name’; highlight its structuring role across chs. 30-33 in teaching material rather than flattening it into generic narration.

Shepherd

Approved rendering: berger(s)
Transliteration: ro’eh / ro’im
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Original: רֹעֶה / רֹעִים
Category: Christology

Jeremiah 23:1-4. Leadership image, negative (failed kings) and positive (God’s promised faithful shepherds/the Branch); note the forward link to Jean 10 for cross-curriculum consistency.

Servant Pagan King

Approved rendering: mon serviteur
Transliteration: eved
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Original: עֶבֶד
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 27:6. God’s startling designation of Nebuchadnezzar as ‘my servant’; must be distinguished in teaching from the technical Isaianic ‘Servant of the LORD’ messianic title-family.

Circumcise The Heart

Approved rendering: circoncire (votre/le) cœur
Transliteration: mul lev
Doctrine: Internalization of the Law
Original: מוּל לֵב
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 4:4; 9:26. Covenant sign relocated metaphorically to the inner moral disposition, anticipating 31:33; needs OT circumcision background explanation for French readers with low OT literacy.

Restore Captivity

Approved rendering: rétablir / ramener de la captivité
Transliteration: shuv shevut / shivat shevi
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile
Original: שׁוּב שְׁבוּת
Category: Restoration

Jeremiah 30:3, 18. Fixed idiom for national restoration after exile, distinct from but sharing a root with the personal-repentance ‘shuv’ of ch. 3; keep distinct in teaching.

Potter And Clay

Approved rendering: façonner / argile
Transliteration: yatsar / chemer
Doctrine: Judgment and Hope in Tension (Potter and Clay)
Original: יָצַר / חֶמֶר
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 18:1-11. God’s active, purposeful, and RESPONSIVE shaping authority; preserve the conditional dimension of 18:7-10 (a nation’s repentance can avert pronounced judgment) — avoid flattening into pure determinism.

Yoke

Approved rendering: joug
Transliteration: ol
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Plans for His People
Original: עֹל
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 27-28. A wooden yoke worn as a sign-act of submission to Babylon as God’s own instrument of discipline; needs careful historical framing so it is not read as timeless political quietism.

Cup Of Wrath

Approved rendering: la coupe de la fureur/colère du SEIGNEUR
Transliteration: kos chamat YHWH
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Original: כּוֹס חֲמַת יְהוָה
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 25:15-29; chs. 46-51. Compelled, inescapable divine judgment administered to nation after nation; flag cross-testament resonance with Gethsemane (Matthieu 26:39) for rendering consistency across curricula.

Vengeance Recompense

Approved rendering: vengeance / rétribution
Transliteration: neqamah / gemul
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Original: נְקָמָה / גְּמוּל
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 50:29; 51:6, 24, 56. Judicial retribution applied even to Babylon’s own downfall; must be taught as righteous judicial recompense by a sovereign God, not petty personal retaliation.

Nations Gentiles

Approved rendering: les nations
Transliteration: ammim / goyim
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: païens (imports an ecclesial Jew/Gentile contrast foreign to this book’s predominantly geopolitical usage)
Original: עַמִּים / גּוֹיִם
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 25:15; chs. 46-51. Prefer ‘les nations’ over the baseline’s ‘païens’ in Jeremiah’s non-ecclesial, geopolitical contexts.

Trust Rely

Approved rendering: se confier / mettre sa confiance
Transliteration: batach
Doctrine: Faith (OT background)
Rejected alternatives: la foi (reserved for NT pistis per the baseline)
Original: בָּטַח
Category: Faith

Jeremiah 17:5-7. Trust/reliance/security, contrasted between trusting man (cursed) and trusting the LORD (blessed); keep lexically distinct from ‘la foi’ while noting doctrinal continuity with Romans’ faith-versus-self-reliance contrast.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: navi
Doctrine: Prophetic Call and Authority
Rejected alternatives: voyant
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Prophecy

Inherited from Romans package. Establishes Jeremiah’s own office (ch. 1) and grounds the doctrine of False Prophets versus True Prophecy running through the whole book.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: prophétie
Transliteration: nevu’ah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: נְבוּאָה
Category: Prophecy

Inherited from Romans package. Tested by fulfillment (28:9); discernment criteria (dream vs. word, ch. 23) are handled by the new entry ‘dream_vs_word’.

David

Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / Messianic Promise
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Background for the Davidic Branch messianic title (chs. 23, 33).

Baal

Approved rendering: Baal
Transliteration: Ba’al
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry
Original: בַּעַל
Category: Idolatry

Proper name of the Canaanite storm-god (ch. 2, throughout). Low risk as a transliterated proper name; the deliberate Hebrew wordplay with ba’alti (‘I was husband/master,’ 31:32) cannot be reproduced lexically in French — note for teaching commentary only.

Weeping Lament

Approved rendering: pleurer / lamentation
Transliteration: bakah / qinah
Doctrine: The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry
Original: בָּכָה / קִינָה
Category: Ministry

Jeremiah 9:1, 17-20; throughout. Lexically simple, directly translatable; doctrinally central; connects to the book of Lamentations (traditionally attributed to Jeremiah).

Fire In Bones

Approved rendering: un feu dévorant, enfermé dans mes os
Transliteration: esh atsurah be-atsmotai
Doctrine: The Weeping Prophet and the Cost of Faithful Ministry
Original: אֵשׁ עֲצֻרָה בְּעַצְמֹתָי
Category: Ministry

Jeremiah 20:9. Jeremiah’s compulsion to speak God’s word despite personal cost; vivid, directly translatable, key proof-text for this doctrine.

Seventy Years

Approved rendering: soixante-dix ans
Transliteration: shiv’im shanah
Doctrine: Historical Fulfillment of the Prophetic Word
Original: שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה
Category: Restoration

Jeremiah 25:11-12; 29:10. Concrete, historically verifiable prophetic timetable for the Babylonian exile, grounding God’s sovereign plans in verifiable fulfillment, not vague hope.

Scroll

Approved rendering: rouleau
Transliteration: megillah
Doctrine: Inspiration and Preservation of Scripture
Original: מְגִלָּה
Category: Scripture

Jeremiah 36. Concrete writing-material object; destroying the written word does not destroy its power or truth (36:27-32) — background for the doctrine of Scripture’s inspiration and preservation.

Sabbath

Approved rendering: sabbat
Transliteration: Shabbat
Doctrine: Covenant Sign
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 17:19-27. Standard, stable French term for the weekly covenant-sign day.

Ephraim

Approved rendering: Éphraïm
Transliteration: Efrayim
Doctrine: Unity of the Covenant People (background)
Original: אֶפְרַיִם
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 31:9, 18-20. Poetic name for the northern kingdom/Israel, addressed with tender fatherly longing.

Rachel

Approved rendering: Rachel
Transliteration: Rachel
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration after Exile (background)
Original: רָחֵל
Category: Covenant

Jeremiah 31:15, quoted directly in Matthieu 2:18. Cross-reference consistency flag: this rendering must match whatever the Matthew curriculum uses for Matthieu 2:18.

Topheth Valley Hinnom

Approved rendering: Topheth / vallée de Ben-Hinnom
Transliteration: Topheth / Ge Ben-Hinnom
Doctrine: Judgment for Covenant Unfaithfulness and Idolatry (background)
Original: תֹּפֶת / גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם
Category: Judgment

Jeremiah 7:31-32; 19:2-6. Site of child sacrifice to Molech; background for the NT’s Gehenna judgment imagery. Low translation risk as proper names; medium background significance for teaching.

Library content is free and openly licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — share and adapt it for non-commercial use, with attribution to tri-bible.ai.