Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philemon (English/Greek → French)
This glossary covers every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the entire book of Philemon (1:1-25). Terms marked (baseline reuse) already exist in the Romans translation_memory.json and must be used exactly as recorded there — no alternative renderings are permitted for these. Terms marked (new — proposed) are specific to Philemon’s vocabulary and are recommended for addition to translation memory with the risk tier and French rendering shown.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — Mistranslation destroys/alters essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — Significant theological confusion or denominational/cultural-conflation risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — Reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — Minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
A. Baseline Reuse Terms (Exact Romans TM Renderings — No Deviation)
| English | Greek | French Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | grâce | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:3, 1:25 | Reused exactly; also underlies the χαρισθήσομαι wordplay at 1:22 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | paix | Low | (greeting formula) | 1:3 | Reused exactly |
| Faith | πίστις | foi | Medium | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:5, 1:6 | Reused exactly |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | saints (glossed “tous les croyants” for general audiences) | High | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:5, 1:7 | Mandatory clarifying gloss per baseline rule |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | Église (qualified: “l’Église qui se réunit dans ta maison”) | High | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:2 | Must not default to institutional referent; house-church context |
| Lord | κύριος | Seigneur | Critical (elevated from baseline High — see Section D) | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power; Christian Brotherhood | 1:3, 1:5, 1:16, 1:20, 1:25 | Reused exactly; contrastive use at 1:16 (“in the flesh and in the Lord”) is doctrinally load-bearing |
| God | θεός | Dieu | Medium | (greeting/thanksgiving formula) | 1:3, 1:4 | Reused exactly |
| Father | πατήρ | Père | Medium | (greeting formula) | 1:3 | Reused exactly |
| Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός | Jésus / Christ | Low / Critical (per baseline “jesus” entry) | Christology (background) | throughout | Reused exactly |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Évangile | Low | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:13 | Reused exactly |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | communion fraternelle | Low | Intercession and Appeal; Christian Brotherhood | 1:6 | Reused exactly; see also κοινωνός (new term, Section B) for the derivationally related but distinctly rendered “partner” |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστῶ (vb.) | je rends grâce / je remercie | Low | (thanksgiving formula) | 1:4 | Verb form of baseline noun “action de grâce”; render as thanksgiving-action, note Eucharistic-overlap caveat carried over from baseline |
| Holy Spirit | (contrast term only — see πνεῦμα at 1:25, NOT the Holy Spirit) | — | Critical (by contrast/clarification) | (guard against misidentification) | 1:25 | See Section C: πνεῦμα at 1:25 is “your [human] spirit,” not the Holy Spirit; do not render with “Esprit Saint” |
B. New Terms Proposed for Translation Memory (Philemon-Specific)
| English | Greek | Transliteration | French Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Occurrences | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slave / bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | esclave | Critical | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:16 | ”serviteur” (softens/erases institutional reality), “domestique” (trivializes) | Direct collision with France’s colonial slave-trade history (traite négrière, Code Noir, loi Taubira 2001). Must not be softened or left unglossed. Mandatory theologian review and paired study-note commentary at every occurrence; see full rationale in 07 §v.16. |
| Beloved brother | ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός | adelphos agapētos | frère bien-aimé | High | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status; Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:16 | ”cher ami” (loses kinship claim) | Must be translated as a single rhetorical unit contrasted directly against “esclave” in the same verse; splitting across sentences dilutes the antithesis. |
| Brother | ἀδελφός | adelphos | frère | Medium | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:1, 1:7, 1:16, 1:20 | — | Structural refrain across the whole letter; render identically throughout for consistency. |
| Beloved | ἀγαπητός | agapētos | bien-aimé | Low-Medium | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:1, 1:16 | — | Applied symmetrically to both free master (1:1) and slave (1:16) — an intentional social-leveling structure; preserve the symmetry. |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | amour | Low | Grace-Motivated Obedience; Intercession and Appeal | 1:5, 1:7, 1:9 | — | Stable term; recommend formal addition to TM given doctrinal centrality in this curriculum. |
| Appeal / beseech | παρακαλῶ | parakaleō | je te prie / je fais appel à toi | Medium | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | 1:9, 1:10 | ”j’ordonne” (defeats the rhetorical contrast), “j’exhorte” alone (too didactic-congregational in register) | Contrast term against ἐπιτάξαι (“command”); central to the letter’s rhetorical structure. Consistent with baseline’s context-sensitive “exhorter” entry but requires a gentler personal-appeal register here. |
| Command | ἐπιτάξαι | epitassō | ordonner / commander | Low (High in combination with παρακαλῶ contrast — treat as a unit) | Intercession and Appeal; Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:8 | — | The term Paul explicitly declines to use — the renunciation itself is the doctrinal point. |
| Boldness / confidence (to command) | παρρησία | parrhēsia | toute liberté / pleine assurance en Christ | Medium | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | 1:8 | ”audace” (too aggressive-sounding), “franchise” (drifts toward “frank speech style” only) | Denotes the right to command, which Paul then sets aside; preserve the legal-rhetorical background in teaching notes. |
| What is fitting/proper | τὸ ἀνῆκον | to anēkon | ce qui convient | Low-Medium | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:8 | ”ton devoir” (risks legalistic overtone) | Descriptive, not obligatory in tone, to avoid undercutting v.14’s voluntary-not-compelled emphasis. |
| Old man / ambassador (textual variant) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής | presbytēs / presbeutēs | vieillard (primary); flag “ambassadeur” variant | Medium | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | 1:9 | — | Genuine textual-critical ambiguity; flag for theologian/reviewer awareness regardless of which reading is followed. |
| Prisoner | δέσμιος | desmios | prisonnier | Low | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power (background); Intercession and Appeal | 1:1, 1:9, 1:10, 1:13 | — | Deliberately used instead of “ἀπόστολος” at 1:1 — rhetorical self-humbling; note for teaching. |
| Fellow prisoner / fellow captive | συναιχμάλωτος | synaichmalōtos | compagnon de captivité | Low | Intercession and Appeal (background) | 1:23 | — | Stronger military-captivity term than δέσμιος; distinguish in teaching notes if precision desired. |
| Child (spiritual) | τέκνον | teknon | mon enfant / mon fils | Low-Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:10 | — | “Mon fils” carries a mild Catholic-confessional resonance (priest addressing penitent); manageable, flag for native-speaker review given the letter’s repentance themes. |
| Begotten (spiritually) | ἐγέννησα (γεννάω) | gennaō | dont je suis devenu le père [spirituel] | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:10 | ”j’ai engendré” (accurate but overly clinical/archaic outside theological register) | Spiritual-fatherhood metaphor, not a technical regeneration term. |
| Onesimus (proper name; wordplay root) | Ὀνήσιμος | Onēsimos | Onésime | Medium (wordplay-loss, not lexical risk) | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:10 | — | Name means “useful”; anchors the ἄχρηστος/εὔχρηστος (1:11) and ὀναίμην (1:20) wordplay cluster. Mandatory translator’s/study note at all three points since French cannot reproduce the pun. |
| Useless | ἄχρηστος | achrēstos | inutile / sans profit | Low-Medium | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:11 | — | Must be kept in tight antithetical pairing with εὔχρηστος. |
| Useful / profitable | εὔχρηστος | euchrēstos | utile / profitable | Medium | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:11 | — | Part of the Onesimus-name wordplay cluster (see above); pairing with ἄχρηστος must remain verbally parallel. |
| My very heart (inmost affections) | σπλάγχνα | splanchna | mon (propre) cœur | Medium-High (consistency risk) | Forgiveness and Reconciliation; Intercession and Appeal | 1:7, 1:12, 1:20 | ”mes entrailles” (archaic/anatomically crude in modern French; Segond 1910 usage, now dated) | Deliberate authorial refrain bracketing the letter (1:7…1:12…1:20); must be rendered identically at all three occurrences. |
| Retain / keep with oneself | κατέχειν | katechō | garder auprès de moi | Low | Intercession and Appeal | 1:13 | — | — |
| Serve / minister to | διακονῇ | diakoneō | me venir en aide [au service de l’Évangile] | Low-Medium | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:13 | bare “servir” (risks purely menial/servile reading) | Dignifies Onesimus’s potential service as gospel ministry, not slave-labor. |
| Consent | γνώμη | gnōmē | ton consentement / ton accord | Medium | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:14 | ”avis” (too weak; mere opinion, not agreement) | Paired doctrinally with ἀνάγκη/ἑκούσιον below. |
| Compulsion / constraint | ἀνάγκη | anankē | par contrainte / sous la contrainte | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:14 | — | Contrastive pair with ἑκούσιον; central ethical claim of the letter — mistranslation blunts the whole doctrine. Human/native-speaker review flag mandatory. |
| Voluntary / of one’s own accord | ἑκούσιον | hekousion | de bon gré / de plein gré | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:14 | — | See ἀνάγκη above; fixed pairing recommended: “non par contrainte, mais de bon gré.” |
| Was separated (euphemistic) | ἐχωρίσθη (χωρίζω) | chōrizō | a été séparé de toi | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:15 | ”s’est enfui” (flattens Paul’s diplomatically gentle rhetoric) | Must preserve the softening passive register. |
| Eternal / permanent (of relationship) | αἰώνιον | aiōnios | pour toujours / à jamais | Low-Medium | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:15 | over-technical “éternel” alone | Permanence-of-relationship sense, not primarily eschatological-technical. |
| Have back in full (commercial receipt term) | ἀπέχῃς (ἀπέχω) | apechō | le retrouver pour toujours / le posséder à jamais [comme frère] | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:15 | — | Commercial “receipt in full” nuance connects to the debt/accounting imagery of 1:18-19; note the link even where French must render relationally. |
| Slave (see Section A note above — Critical) | δοῦλος | doulos | esclave | Critical | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:16 | ”serviteur,” “domestique” | See top entry, this table. |
| Partner / sharer | κοινωνός | koinōnos | associé / partenaire [dans la communion] | Medium | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:17 | bare “associé” unqualified (too commercial/business-register) | Derivationally linked to κοινωνία (baseline “communion fraternelle”) though rendered with a different French word; preserve the link in teaching notes. |
| Receive / welcome | προσλαβοῦ (προσλαμβάνω) | proslambanō | accueille-le / reçois-le | Low | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | 1:17 | — | Cross-reference Romans 15:7 usage for curriculum consistency. |
| Wronged | ἠδίκησεν (ἀδικέω) | adikeō | t’a fait du tort / t’a offensé | Low-Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:18 | — | Must retain acknowledgment of real wrongdoing, not soften into mere misunderstanding. |
| Owes / is indebted | ὀφείλει (ὀφείλω) | opheilō | est en dette / te doit quelque chose | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:18 | — | Literal-financial force; avoid premature over-spiritualizing. |
| Charge to (my) account | ἐλλόγα (ἐλλογάω) | ellogeō | mets-le sur mon compte / porte-le à mon compte | High | Forgiveness and Reconciliation; (cross-reference: Salvation/Justification) | 1:18 | — | Directly cognate with λογίζομαι / Romans 4:3 ἐλογίσθη (“imputed”), baseline Critical-risk term “justice imputée.” Cross-reference mandatory in teaching notes; human theologian review required. |
| Repay | ἀποτίσω (ἀποτίνω) | apotinō | je le rembourserai / je paierai moi-même | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:19 | — | Careful, qualified parallel to substitutionary payment permissible in teaching notes; Paul is illustrative, not a savior-figure. |
| Owe besides / owe one’s very self | προσοφείλεις (προσοφείλω) | prosopheilō | tu me dois ta propre personne / c’est toi-même que tu me dois | Medium-High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:19 | — | Must not overstate Paul’s personal claim in a way that rivals what is properly owed only to God; flag for review. |
| May I have benefit/joy of you | ὀναίμην (ὀνίνημι) | oninēmi | que j’obtienne de toi ce bienfait / accorde-moi cette joie | Medium-High (wordplay-loss) | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | 1:20 | — | Completes the Onesimus/ἄχρηστος-εὔχρηστος wordplay cluster (1:10, 1:11, 1:20); mandatory translator’s note. |
| Give rest / refresh | ἀνάπαυσόν (ἀναπαύω) | anapauō | donne du repos à mon cœur / réconforte mon cœur | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | 1:7 (ἀναπέπαυται), 1:20 | — | Must echo the same French verb family at both occurrences to preserve the letter’s inclusio structure. |
| Confident / trusting | πεποιθὼς (πείθω) | peithō | confiant en / plein de confiance dans | Low | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:21 | — | — |
| Obedience (personal-appeal sense) | ὑπακοή | hypakoē | obéissance | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:21 | full baseline phrase “obéissance de la foi” (do NOT import here — overstates a doctrinal technical term where Paul uses the plain noun) | Must be distinguished in teaching notes from the baseline’s “obedience_of_faith” doctrinal formula; flag for theologian review given proximity to that High-risk term family. |
| Fellow worker | συνεργός | synergos | collaborateur / compagnon d’œuvre | Low | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background) | 1:1, 1:24 | — | — |
| Sister | ἀδελφή | adelphē | sœur | Low | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background) | 1:2 | — | — |
| Fellow soldier | συστρατιώτης | systratiōtēs | compagnon d’armes | Low-Medium | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background) | 1:2 | — | Military metaphor; minor sensitivity note only. |
| Remembrance / mention (in prayer) | μνεία | mneia | mention / souvenir | Low | Intercession and Appeal (background) | 1:4 | — | — |
| Prayer | προσευχή | proseuchē | prière | Low | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | 1:4, 1:22 | — | — |
| Effective / active (of fellowship) | ἐνεργής | energēs | efficace / actif | Low | Grace-Motivated Obedience (background) | 1:6 | — | — |
| Full knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις | epignōsis | pleine connaissance | Low | (background) | 1:6 | — | — |
| Joy | χαρά | chara | joie | Low | (background) | 1:7 | — | — |
| Comfort / encouragement / appeal (noun) | παράκλησις | paraklēsis | encouragement / consolation | Low-Medium | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | 1:7 | — | Derivationally linked to παρακαλῶ (1:9-10); note the link though French uses a different word. |
| Guest room / hospitality | ξενία | xenia | une chambre / un logement | Low | Christian Brotherhood (background) | 1:22 | — | Concrete/literal, not primarily doctrinal. |
| Hope | ἐλπίζω | elpizō | j’espère | Low | (background) | 1:22 | — | — |
| Granted/given as a favor (grace-wordplay) | χαρισθήσομαι (χαρίζομαι) | charizomai | je vous serai rendu [par la grâce de Dieu] / je vous serai accordé | Medium | Grace-Motivated Obedience | 1:22 | — | Grace-root wordplay tying the closing back to 1:3’s “χάρις ὑμῖν”; brief translator’s note recommended. |
C. Disambiguation Entries (Not New Terms — Guard Against Misidentification)
| Term in Context | Risk of Misidentification | Correct Reading | Guard-Rail |
|---|---|---|---|
| πνεῦμα ὑμῶν (1:25) | Could be mistaken for the Holy Spirit (“Esprit Saint,” baseline Critical risk) | The human/collective spirit of the house-church community, per standard Pauline closing formula (cf. Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23) | Render lowercase “votre esprit”; never capitalize or substitute “Esprit Saint” here. |
| σάρξ at 1:16 (“in the flesh and in the Lord”) | Could be read with Romans’ negative flesh-vs-Spirit moral contrast | Neutral social-sphere sense: the earthly master-slave relationship, contrasted with the spiritual-familial “in the Lord” relationship — not a statement about sinful human nature | Render “selon la chair” with a clarifying teaching note distinguishing this neutral sense from Romans 8’s moral contrast. |
| ὑπακοή (1:21) | Could be conflated with baseline “obéissance de la foi” (obedience of faith, doctrinal formula, High risk) | Philemon’s personal compliance with Paul’s specific appeal, not the soteriological formula | Render bare “obéissance”; do not import the fuller baseline phrase. |
| ἐκκλησία (1:2) | Could default to the institutional “l’Église” (Catholic Church) reading per baseline caution | A small domestic house-church gathering | Render with the full qualifying phrase, “l’Église qui se réunit dans ta maison,” not bare “l’Église.” |
D. Escalation Notes for Phase 2 Routing
The following terms/passages in Philemon require human theologian review (elevating beyond their nominal baseline tier where applicable, consistent with the Romans package’s escalation logic for cultural-collision and doctrine-dense terms):
- δοῦλος / “esclave” (1:16) — Critical. France’s colonial slavery history; mandatory paired study-note commentary.
- ἀνάγκη / ἑκούσιον (1:14) — High. Central ethical claim of Grace-Motivated Obedience.
- ἐλλόγα (1:18) — High. Direct cognate link to baseline Critical term “justice imputée” (Romans 4:3).
- ὑπακοή (1:21) — High. Adjacency risk to baseline High-risk doctrinal formula “obéissance de la foi.”
- κύριος in contrastive use (1:16) — elevated to Critical in this letter’s specific context, since the “in the flesh / in the Lord” contrast bears directly on how social hierarchy is relativized by Christ’s Lordship — a sharper doctrinal stake than the baseline’s general Romans 10:9 confession context.
- Any occurrence of ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός paired with δοῦλος (1:16) — must be reviewed as a single rhetorical/theological unit, not separately.
All other Medium-risk terms above are recommended for native speaker review; Low-risk terms are sufficient for automated review, consistent with the baseline’s risk-definitions table.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Seigneur
Transliteration: Seigneur
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Relativizing Social Hierarchy
Rejected alternatives: maître, patron
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
ELEVATED FOR PHILEMON from the Romans baseline’s High risk to Critical. Occurs at 1:3, 1:5, 1:16, 1:20, 1:25. The contrastive use at 1:16 (‘κατὰ σάρκα … ἐν κυρίῳ’) claims Christ’s exclusive Lordship actively reorders Philemon’s household relationship to Onesimus, not merely coexists with an unaffected social order. ‘Seigneur’ must retain living, exclusive-authority force; a feudal-historical, distancing reading (already flagged as a baseline risk) would collapse this letter’s central social-ethical claim. Never phrase compatibly with subordinationist Christology.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus
Doctrine: Christology (background)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Stable across all French traditions; no alternative-name controversy.
God
Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu
Doctrine: Grace as the Framing Reality of the Letter
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Occurs in the greeting and thanksgiving (1:3, 1:4). Avoid the casual-interjection or deist-abstraction drift ‘Dieu’ can carry in secular French.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justice imputée
Transliteration: justice imputée
Doctrine: Imputation Echoed in Personal Debt-Bearing
Rejected alternatives: justice méritée
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Included here for the mandatory cross-reference at Philemon 1:18 (ἐλλόγα), which is directly cognate in root and metaphorical domain with λογίζομαι / Romans 4:3’s ἐλογίσθη. This cross-reference belongs in teaching notes only and must never be inserted into the translated base text of Philemon itself.
Slave
Approved rendering: esclave
Transliteration: esclave
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: serviteur (softens/erases institutional reality), domestique (trivializes), quelqu’un qui te sert (basic-literacy-edition softening, rejected)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:16. Direct collision with France’s colonial slave-trade history (traite négrière, Code Noir 1685, loi Taubira 2001). Must never be softened or left unglossed. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, paired with study-note commentary distinguishing Paul’s gospel-relativizing rhetoric from both anachronistic abolitionism and pro-slavery apologetic misuse.
Human Spirit
Approved rendering: votre esprit
Transliteration: pneuma hymōn
Doctrine: Guard-rail for Holy Spirit disambiguation
Rejected alternatives: Esprit Saint (FORBIDDEN here — wrong referent)
Original: πνεῦμα ὑμῶν
Category: God
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:25 in the closing benediction (‘the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit’), a fixed Pauline closing formula (cf. Gal 6:18, Phil 4:23) referring to the human/collective spirit of the house-church community, NOT the Holy Spirit. Render lowercase ‘votre esprit’ and never capitalize or substitute ‘Esprit Saint.’ Risk is Critical by consequence (Trinitarian misidentification) though the fence itself (lowercase convention) is simple and reliable.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce
Doctrine: Grace as the Framing Reality of the Letter
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Occurs in the greeting (1:3) and benediction (1:25). Philemon adds a letter-specific wordplay at 1:22 (χαρισθήσομαι, same root) framing Paul’s hoped-for release itself in grace-vocabulary — surface this echo in teaching notes; do not force a literal cognate rendering into the base text.
Saints
Approved rendering: saints
Transliteration: les saints
Doctrine: Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact); mandatory clarifying gloss ‘tous les croyants’ applies with full force. Occurs at 1:5 and 1:7, referring to Philemon’s own literal house-church guests — a small, human-scale referent that makes the canonized-intercessor misreading especially incongruous if left unglossed.
Church
Approved rendering: Église
Transliteration: Église
Doctrine: Church as God’s People (House Church)
Rejected alternatives: temple (building only)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact rendering); Philemon 1:2 requires the full qualifying phrase ‘l’Église qui se réunit dans ta maison’ and must NEVER stand bare, since this is an explicit small domestic house-church, not the institution. Do not abbreviate the qualifier for readability.
Father
Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: Père
Doctrine: Grace as the Framing Reality of the Letter
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Occurs in the greeting formula (1:3).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: obéissance de la foi
Transliteration: obéissance de la foi
Doctrine: Guard-rail for ὑπακοή disambiguation
Rejected alternatives: devoir religieux
Inherited from Romans package (exact) as the fixed doctrinal formula for Romans 1:5/16:26. Included here specifically as the phrase that MUST NOT be imported into Philemon 1:21’s plain noun ὑπακοή. See the new entry ‘obedience_personal’ in Section B for the correct, narrower rendering required in Philemon.
Beloved Brother
Approved rendering: frère bien-aimé
Transliteration: frère bien-aimé
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: cher ami (loses kinship claim)
Original: ἀδελφὸς ἀγαπητός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:16 as the direct antithesis to ‘esclave’ in the same verse. Must be rendered as a single rhetorical unit (‘non plus comme un esclave, mais bien mieux, comme un frère bien-aimé’); splitting across separate sentences dilutes the antithesis. Reviewed as one unit with ‘slave.‘
Compulsion
Approved rendering: par contrainte / sous la contrainte
Transliteration: anankē
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀνάγκη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:14. Anchors the letter’s central ethical claim that gospel-obedience must be voluntary, grace-shaped, never coerced — the personal-ethics counterpart to the baseline’s grace-versus-works/merit doctrine. Mandatory theologian/native-speaker review flag; treat as a fixed contrastive unit with ‘voluntary.‘
Voluntary
Approved rendering: de bon gré / de plein gré
Transliteration: hekousios
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἑκούσιον
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:14, the positive term Paul desires, direct counterpart to ‘compulsion.’ Fixed rendering recommended for curriculum consistency: ‘non par contrainte, mais de bon gré.‘
Charge To Account
Approved rendering: mets-le sur mon compte / porte-le à mon compte
Transliteration: ellogeō
Doctrine: Imputation Echoed in Personal Debt-Bearing
Original: ἐλλόγα (ἐλλογάω / ἐλλογέω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:18. Directly cognate with λογίζομαι behind Romans 4:3’s ἐλογίσθη (‘justice imputée’, baseline Critical). This is a lived, personal enactment of imputation logic, not a mere commercial figure of speech. Mandatory human theologian review and cross-reference note to Romans 4:3-8.
Owe Ones Self
Approved rendering: tu me dois ta propre personne
Transliteration: prosopheilō
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: προσοφείλεις (προσοφείλω)
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:19. Must retain the rhetorical force without implying Paul is owed personal fealty properly due only to God; flag for theologian review to ensure the French does not overstate Paul’s claim on Philemon.
Obedience Personal
Approved rendering: obéissance
Transliteration: hypakoē
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: obéissance de la foi (do NOT import here — overstates a doctrinal technical term where Paul uses the plain noun)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:21. Must NOT be rendered with the baseline’s fuller phrase ‘obéissance de la foi’ (Romans 1:5/16:26); use bare ‘obéissance’ with a teaching note distinguishing this personal-appeal usage. Mandatory theologian review flag given proximity to that High-risk baseline formula family.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: foi
Transliteration: foi
Doctrine: Faith and Love as Reported Christian Character
Rejected alternatives: croyance, religion
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Occurs at 1:5-6 describing Philemon’s own reported character. Must read as personal trust in Christ, not institutional religious affiliation.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Guard-rail for πνεῦμα ὑμῶν disambiguation
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Included in this Philemon file specifically as the term this curriculum’s closing benediction (1:25, πνεῦμα ὑμῶν) must NEVER be rendered as. See the new entry ‘human_spirit’ in Section B for the correct, distinct rendering of 1:25 (‘votre esprit,’ lowercase).
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercession
Transliteration: intercession
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Inherited from Romans package (exact) and reserved for prayer contexts only (Philemon 1:4, 1:22, of prayer to God). Do NOT use for Paul’s personal, this-world appeal to Philemon on Onesimus’s behalf (1:9-10); that is a distinct interpersonal-appeal category — see ‘appeal_beseech.’ Also distinguish from the Catholic devotional category of intercession of the saints, per baseline caution.
Brother
Approved rendering: frère
Transliteration: frère
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: camarade (too Republican/secular), confrère (too guild/professional)
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Structural refrain across the whole letter (1:1 of Timothy, 1:7 and 1:20 addressed to Philemon, 1:16 of Onesimus). Render identically at every occurrence. Guard against both the secular-Republican ‘fraternité’ drift and the Catholic-monastic ‘un frère’ (religious-order member) narrowing; let context (the antithesis with ‘esclave,’ the epistolary address structure) carry the Christ-mediated sense.
Beloved
Approved rendering: bien-aimé
Transliteration: bien-aimé
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Applied symmetrically to the free master Philemon (1:1) and the slave Onesimus (1:16) — an intentional social-leveling structure. Preserve the identical French rendering at both occurrences.
Appeal Beseech
Approved rendering: je te prie / je fais appel à toi
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: j’ordonne (defeats the rhetorical contrast), j’exhorte (too didactic/congregational in this personal register), je te supplie (too plaintive)
Original: παρακαλῶ
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:9-10, the lexical anchor of the letter’s rhetorical strategy. Must be kept in visible contrast with ‘ordonner/commander’ at 1:8 — the renunciation of command in favor of appeal is itself the doctrinal point.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: toute liberté / pleine assurance en Christ
Transliteration: parrhēsia
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: audace (too aggressive-sounding), franchise (drifts toward mere frank speech style)
Original: παρρησία
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:8, denoting the right to command that Paul then sets aside. Preserve the legal-rhetorical background (citizen’s right to speak openly) in teaching notes.
Elder Ambassador
Approved rendering: vieillard
Transliteration: presbytēs / presbeutēs
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής (textual variant)
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:9. Genuine one-letter textual variant (presbytēs ‘old man’ vs. presbeutēs ‘ambassador’) with real exegetical consequence, paralleling Paul’s ‘ambassador in chains’ self-description in Eph 6:20. French Bible tradition (Segond/TOB/Jérusalem) follows ‘vieillard’; flag the ‘ambassadeur’ variant reading for reviewer/theologian awareness regardless of which reading is followed.
Spiritual Child
Approved rendering: mon enfant / mon fils
Transliteration: teknon
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: τέκνον
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:10, of Onesimus. ‘Mon fils’ carries a mild Catholic-confessional resonance (a priest addressing a penitent); manageable but worth flagging given the letter’s repentance themes (v.18).
Spiritual Begetting
Approved rendering: dont je suis devenu le père spirituel
Transliteration: gennaō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: j’ai engendré (accurate but overly clinical/archaic outside theological register)
Original: ἐγέννησα (γεννάω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:10. Spiritual-fatherhood metaphor through gospel ministry, not a technical regeneration term; pair with ‘dans mes chaînes’ where space allows.
Onesimus Name
Approved rendering: Onésime
Transliteration: Onēsimos
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: invented meaning-bearing French name (e.g. ‘Utile’) — rejected as an unprecedented departure from Bible-translation convention
Original: Ὀνήσιμος
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:10; anchors the ἄχρηστος/εὔχρηστος (1:11) and ὀναίμην (1:20) wordplay cluster on the name’s literal meaning ‘useful.’ French ‘Onésime’ is opaque to readers; mandatory translator’s/study note required at all three loci (1:10, 1:11, 1:20) since the pun cannot be reproduced lexically in French.
Useless
Approved rendering: inutile / sans profit
Transliteration: achrēstos
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ἄχρηστος
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:11. Must be kept in tight antithetical pairing with ‘useful’ in the same verse; losing the parallelism blunts the gospel-transformation point.
Useful
Approved rendering: utile / profitable
Transliteration: euchrēstos
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: εὔχρηστος
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:11. Part of the Onesimus-name wordplay cluster (see ‘onesimus_name’); the French pairing ‘inutile … utile’ must remain verbally close/parallel.
Inmost Affections
Approved rendering: mon (propre) cœur
Transliteration: splanchna
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation; Intercession and Appeal
Rejected alternatives: mes entrailles (archaic/anatomically crude in modern French; Segond 1910 usage, now dated)
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:7, 1:12, 1:20 — a deliberate authorial refrain (inclusio) bracketing the letter. Must be rendered identically at all three occurrences; consistency risk is Medium-High even though lexical risk alone is Medium.
Serve Minister
Approved rendering: me venir en aide au service de l’Évangile
Transliteration: diakoneō
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: servir (bare) — risks a purely menial/servile domestic-service reading
Original: διακονῇ (διακονέω)
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:13. Dignifies Onesimus’s potential service as gospel ministry, not slave-labor.
Consent
Approved rendering: ton consentement / ton accord
Transliteration: gnōmē
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: avis (too weak; mere opinion, not agreement)
Original: γνώμη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:14. Paul insists on Philemon’s free, uncoerced agreement. Paired doctrinally with ‘compulsion’ and ‘voluntary’ below.
Separated Euphemism
Approved rendering: a été séparé de toi
Transliteration: chōrizō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: s’est enfui (flattens Paul’s diplomatically gentle rhetoric)
Original: ἐχωρίσθη (χωρίζω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:15. Must preserve the same diplomatic passive register; v.18 still openly acknowledges the wrongdoing.
Eternal Permanent
Approved rendering: pour toujours / à jamais
Transliteration: aiōnios
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: éternel (alone, over-technical/eschatological)
Original: αἰώνιον
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:15, contrasting temporary separation with a now-permanent restored relationship.
Receipt In Full
Approved rendering: le retrouver pour toujours / le posséder à jamais [comme frère]
Transliteration: apechō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀπέχῃς (ἀπέχω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:15. Commercial ‘receipt in full’ nuance connects to the debt/accounting imagery of 1:18-19; note the link in teaching material even though the French rendering must be relational for readability.
Partner Sharer
Approved rendering: associé / partenaire dans la communion
Transliteration: koinōnos
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership; Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: associé (bare) — too commercial/business-register unqualified
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:17. Paul asks Philemon to receive Onesimus as he would receive Paul — a radical equalizing move. Derivationally linked to κοινωνία (‘communion fraternelle’) though French requires a different word; preserve the link in teaching notes.
Wronged
Approved rendering: t’a fait du tort / t’a offensé
Transliteration: adikeō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἠδίκησεν (ἀδικέω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:18. Must retain acknowledgment of real, named wrongdoing, not soften into mere misunderstanding.
Owes Indebted
Approved rendering: est en dette / te doit quelque chose
Transliteration: opheilō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀφείλει (ὀφείλω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:18, introducing the sustained debt/ledger metaphor. Keep the literal-financial force; avoid premature over-spiritualizing.
Repay
Approved rendering: je le rembourserai / je paierai moi-même
Transliteration: apotinō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀποτίσω (ἀποτίνω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:19. Careful, qualified parallel to substitutionary payment permissible in teaching notes; Paul is illustrative, not a savior-figure.
Benefit Wordplay
Approved rendering: que j’obtienne de toi ce bienfait / accorde-moi cette joie
Transliteration: oninēmi (optative onaimēn)
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ὀναίμην (ὀνίνημι)
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:20; closes the Onesimus-name wordplay cluster begun at 1:10-11. Mandatory translator’s note explaining the pun, since it cannot be reproduced lexically in French.
Give Rest Refresh
Approved rendering: donne du repos à mon cœur / réconforte mon cœur
Transliteration: anapauō
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀνάπαυσόν (ἀναπαύω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:7 (ἀναπέπαυται) and 1:20, closing the letter’s σπλάγχνα/refreshment inclusio. Use a single fixed French verb family at both occurrences.
Granted As Favor
Approved rendering: je vous serai rendu [par la grâce de Dieu] / je vous serai accordé
Transliteration: charizomai
Doctrine: Grace as the Framing Reality of the Letter
Original: χαρισθήσομαι (χαρίζομαι)
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:22. Shares its root with χάρις (‘grâce’), tying the letter’s closing back to its opening ‘grâce et paix’ (1:3). A brief translator’s note surfacing this connection is recommended for teaching purposes; the wordplay is easily lost entirely in French.
Flesh Social
Approved rendering: selon la chair
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ Relativizing Social Hierarchy
Original: σάρξ
Category: Slavery and Social Ethics
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:16 (‘κατὰ σάρκα καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ’). Here σάρξ is the neutral earthly/social sphere (the master-slave household relation), NOT Paul’s negative moral flesh-vs-Spirit usage elsewhere (e.g. Romans 8). Render ‘selon la chair’ with a mandatory clarifying teaching note distinguishing this neutral sense from the Romans doctrinal usage, to prevent readers trained on the Romans curriculum from importing the wrong doctrine.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Évangile
Transliteration: Évangile
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: bonne nouvelle (informal only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Occurs at Philemon 1:13, where Onesimus’s potential service to Paul is reframed as gospel-ministry (‘au service de l’Évangile’), not menial slave-labor. Keep capitalized and doctrinally weighted even in this brief pastoral-letter context.
Peace
Approved rendering: paix
Transliteration: paix
Doctrine: Grace as the Framing Reality of the Letter
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Part of the fixed greeting formula ‘grâce et paix’ at 1:3.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: action de grâce
Transliteration: action de grâce
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer
Inherited from Romans package (exact, noun form). The verb form εὐχαριστῶ at 1:4 renders ‘je rends grâce / je remercie’; see separate ‘thanksgiving_verb’ entry in Section B. Eucharistic-overlap caveat carried over unchanged.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: communion fraternelle
Transliteration: communion fraternelle
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: communion (bare)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (exact). Occurs at 1:6, describing the practical outworking of Philemon’s faith. Derivationally linked to κοινωνός (‘partner’) at 1:17 though French renders the two with different words; preserve the conceptual link in teaching notes only, not in the lexical choice.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhorter
Transliteration: exhorter
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: παρακαλέω (general sense)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (exact) for the general congregational-encouragement sense of παρακαλέω. In Philemon 1:9-10 the SAME Greek verb is used in a specifically personal, humble-appeal register; do NOT use ‘exhorter’ there. See the new entry ‘appeal_beseech’ in Section B, which supplies the curriculum’s required rendering for that context.
Love
Approved rendering: amour
Transliteration: amour
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience; Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:5, 1:7, 1:9 — the ground and motive Paul appeals to instead of apostolic command. Stable, unambiguous term in formal French register.
Command
Approved rendering: ordonner / commander
Transliteration: epitassō
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: ἐπιτάξαι (ἐπιτάσσω)
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:8 as the verb Paul explicitly declines to use. Low lexical risk in isolation but treat as High in combination with ‘appeal_beseech’ — the contrast unit is itself the doctrinal point.
What Is Fitting
Approved rendering: ce qui convient
Transliteration: anēkon
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: ton devoir (risks legalistic overtone)
Original: τὸ ἀνῆκον (ἀνήκω)
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:8. Descriptive, not obligatory in tone, to avoid undercutting v.14’s voluntary-not-compelled emphasis.
Prisoner
Approved rendering: prisonnier
Transliteration: desmios
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power (background); Intercession and Appeal
Original: δέσμιος
Category: Apostleship
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:1, 1:9, 1:10, 1:13. Paul deliberately opens the letter as ‘prisonnier de Christ Jésus’ rather than ‘apôtre’ — a rhetorical self-humbling reinforcing the appeal-not-command register from the letter’s first word; note for teaching.
Fellow Prisoner
Approved rendering: compagnon de captivité
Transliteration: synaichmalōtos
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another (background)
Original: συναιχμάλωτος
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:23, of Epaphras. Stronger military-captivity term than δέσμιος; may be distinguished from bare ‘prisonnier’ in teaching notes if precision is desired.
Retain Keep
Approved rendering: garder auprès de moi
Transliteration: katechō
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: κατέχειν (κατέχω)
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:13, of Paul’s restrained desire to keep Onesimus for himself.
Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: accueille-le / reçois-le
Transliteration: proslambanō
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: προσλαβοῦ (προσλαμβάνω)
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:17; same verb as Romans 14:1/15:7 (‘welcome one another’). Match the Romans-package rendering for curriculum consistency.
Confident Trusting
Approved rendering: confiant en / plein de confiance dans
Transliteration: peithō
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: πεποιθὼς (πείθω)
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:21. Paul’s confidence rests on Philemon’s established Christian character, not apostolic coercion.
Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: collaborateur / compagnon d’œuvre
Transliteration: synergos
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background)
Original: συνεργός
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:1 (Philemon) and 1:24 (Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke). Avoid a purely secular-professional reading in isolation; qualify as gospel co-labor where context allows.
Sister
Approved rendering: sœur
Transliteration: adelphē
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background)
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:2, of Apphia.
Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: compagnon d’armes
Transliteration: systratiōtēs
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background)
Original: συστρατιώτης
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:2, of Archippus. Well-precedented biblical military metaphor for gospel partnership; not literal militarism.
Remembrance Mention
Approved rendering: mention / souvenir
Transliteration: mneia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer
Original: μνεία
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:4, in the context of prayer.
Prayer
Approved rendering: prière
Transliteration: proseuchē
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer
Original: προσευχή
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:4 and 1:22.
Effective Active
Approved rendering: efficace / actif
Transliteration: energēs
Doctrine: Faith and Love as Reported Christian Character (background)
Original: ἐνεργής
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:6, of Philemon’s active fellowship of faith.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: pleine connaissance
Transliteration: epignōsis
Doctrine: Faith and Love as Reported Christian Character (background)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:6.
Joy
Approved rendering: joie
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer (background)
Original: χαρά
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:7.
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: encouragement / consolation
Transliteration: paraklēsis
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another (background)
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Intercession
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:7. Noun form of the same root as παρακαλῶ (1:9-10); note the derivational link in teaching notes though rendered with a different French word.
Guest Room
Approved rendering: une chambre / un logement
Transliteration: xenia
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status (background)
Original: ξενία
Category: Christian Brotherhood
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:22; a concrete, literal request for lodging, distinct from the broader NT φιλοξενία hospitality vocabulary.
Hope
Approved rendering: j’espère
Transliteration: elpizō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer (background)
Original: ἐλπίζω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Occurs at 1:22.
Christ Title
Approved rendering: Christ
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christology (background)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW TERM (registry addition). Occurs at 1:1, 1:3, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:20, 1:23, 1:25 as a fixed component of the name-title ‘Jésus-Christ’/‘Christ Jésus,’ not an independently argued messianic claim in this letter. Distinct from the baseline ‘messiah’ entry (‘Messie’), reserved for contexts explicitly arguing messianic fulfillment.
Thanksgiving Verb
Approved rendering: je rends grâce / je remercie
Transliteration: eucharistō
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer
NEW TERM (verb form). Occurs at 1:4. Cognate with the baseline noun ‘action de grâce’; the Eucharistic-overlap caveat already recorded in the baseline applies equally here.
Referenced passages