Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Ephesians (Koine Greek → French)
Purpose and Legend
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological/doctrinal term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by chapter of first significant occurrence in Ephesians. It is the term-level companion to the semantic analysis and the direct feeder for Phase 2 translation_memory.json updates.
Status column values:
- [TM-REUSE] — term already recorded in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json; rendering below is copied exactly and MUST NOT be altered. - [NEW] — term not present in the baseline package; proposed rendering and risk tier for this curriculum, pending formal Phase 2 translation-memory addition.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier system (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and its review-routing convention: Critical and High require human theologian review; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only.
Core Passage Terms — Ephesians 2:1–10
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dead (spiritually) | νεκρός | nekros | morts | NEW | High | Eph 2:1 | ”affaiblis” (weakened, too soft) | Must convey total spiritual incapacity, not rhetorical/hyperbolic “dead,” reinforced by v.5’s “rendus vivants.” |
| 2 | trespasses | παράπτωμα | paraptōma | transgressions / fautes | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:1, 2:5 | ”erreurs” (loses moral culpability) | Near-synonym of péché; paired for rhetorical fullness. |
| 3 | sin | ἁμαρτία | hamartia | péché | TM-REUSE | Medium | Eph 2:1 | — | Baseline risk note (colloquial trivialization) applies. |
| 4 | walk (conduct) | περιπατέω | peripateō | marcher (dans) | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:2, 2:10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15 | ”vivre” alone (loses behavioral-pattern nuance) | Deliberate inclusio between 2:2 (old walk) and 2:10 (new walk); keep verb consistent through ch.4-5. |
| 5 | age (this present) | αἰών | aiōn | siècle / le cours de ce monde | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 2:2 | literal “siècle” alone (misread as 100-year period) | Prefer periphrasis “le train/cours de ce monde.” |
| 6 | world | κόσμος | kosmos | monde | NEW | Low | Eph 2:2 | — | Context disambiguates system-vs-creation sense. |
| 7 | ruler/prince (Satan) | ἄρχων | archōn | prince | NEW | High | Eph 2:2 | ”chef” (too weak/generic) | Risk of fairy-tale “prince” connotation trivializing a real hostile ruler. |
| 8 | authority/power | ἐξουσία | exousia | autorité / puissance | NEW | High | Eph 2:2; 3:10; 6:12 | ”pouvoir” alone (too generic) | Track consistently with ἀρχή across 3:10 and 6:12. |
| 9 | air | ἀήρ | aēr | air | NEW | Low | Eph 2:2 | — | Direct cognate. |
| 10 | disobedience | ἀπείθεια | apeitheia | désobéissance | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:2 | — | Retain corporate-identity idiom “fils de désobéissance.” |
| 11 | lusts/desires | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | convoitises | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:3 | ”désirs” (too neutral) | Must retain morally disordered sense. |
| 12 | flesh | σάρξ | sarx | chair | NEW | High | Eph 2:3; 2:11; 5:29-31; 6:5,12 | — | Risk of narrowing to sexual sin only; Pauline sense is broader fallen-nature. |
| 13 | will/desire | θέλημα | thelēma | volontés (negative) / volonté (de Dieu, positive) | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:3; 1:1,5,9,11 | — | Same root used positively of God’s will elsewhere; disambiguate by context only. |
| 14 | mind/thought | διάνοια | dianoia | pensées / intelligence | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 2:3; 4:17-18 (νοῦς) | — | Keep vocabulary aligned with 4:17-18’s “futility of mind.” |
| 15 | children of wrath | τέκνα ὀργῆς | tekna orgēs | enfants de colère | NEW | High | Eph 2:3 | ”enfants qui sont en colère” (misreads idiom) | Semitic idiom; needs teaching gloss “voués à la colère de Dieu.” |
| 16 | nature | φύσις | physis | par nature | NEW | Low | Eph 2:3 | — | Direct. |
| 17 | wrath (God’s) | ὀργή | orgē | colère (de Dieu) | NEW | High | Eph 2:3 | ”rage,” “fureur” (too emotive/uncontrolled) | Must be righteous, judicial wrath, not capricious anger. |
| 18 | God | θεός | theos | Dieu | TM-REUSE | Medium | Eph 2:4 | — | Baseline secularization-risk note applies. |
| 19 | rich | πλούσιος | plousios | riche (en) | NEW | Low | Eph 2:4 | — | Direct. |
| 20 | mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | miséricorde | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:4 | — | Distinct from χάρις/grâce; keep both concepts distinguished in teaching. |
| 21 | love | ἀγάπη | agapē | amour | NEW | Low | Eph 2:4 | — | Context disambiguates from romantic “amour.” |
| 22 | made alive together with | συζωοποιέω | syzōopoieō | rendre vivants avec (le Christ) | NEW | High | Eph 2:5 | simple “revivifier” (loses “with Christ” union) | Requires periphrasis to preserve co-resurrection-with-Christ sense. |
| 23 | grace | χάρις | charis | grâce | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 2:5, 2:7, 2:8 | — | Enforce baseline exactly; candidate for verbatim-consistency rule (parallel to Rom 3:24). |
| 24 | saved | σῴζω (perf. pass.) | sesōsmenoi | sauvés | TM-REUSE root (salut) | High | Eph 2:5, 2:8 | — | Greek perfect tense = completed, secure status; flag for teaching note re: Trent/Reformation tension. |
| 25 | raised together with | συνεγείρω | synegeirō | ressusciter avec (le Christ) | NEW | High | Eph 2:6 | bare “ressusciter” (loses union-with-Christ sense) | Must retain “avec Christ/lui.” |
| 26 | seated together with | συγκαθίζω | synkathizō | faire asseoir avec (le Christ) | NEW | High | Eph 2:6 | — | Same periphrastic pattern as #22, #25 for the three “syn-” compounds. |
| 27 | heavenly places | ἐπουράνιος | epouranios | lieux célestes | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:6; 1:3,20; 3:10; 6:12 | — | Structural term unifying blessing (ch.1-2) and conflict (ch.6) cosmology; keep rendering identical throughout. |
| 28 | show/demonstrate | ἐνδείκνυμι | endeiknymi | manifester / démontrer | NEW | Low | Eph 2:7 | — | Direct. |
| 29 | surpassing | ὑπερβάλλον | hyperballon | incomparables / infinies | NEW | Low | Eph 2:7 | — | Direct. |
| 30 | riches | πλοῦτος | ploutos | richesses | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 2:7; 1:7,18; 3:8,16 | — | Track consistently across all five occurrences (recurring motif). |
| 31 | kindness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | bonté | NEW | Low | Eph 2:7 | — | Direct. |
| 32 | faith | πίστις | pistis | foi | TM-REUSE | Medium (Critical in this collocation) | Eph 2:8 | — | Grace-through-faith pairing; recommend adding Eph 2:8-9 to baseline’s verbatim-consistency clause. |
| 33 | gift | δῶρον | dōron | don | NEW | High | Eph 2:8 | ”cadeau” (too casual/festive) | Keep formal register; distinct from but related to dons spirituels. |
| 34 | works (excluded as ground) | ἔργον | ergon | œuvres | NEW | Critical | Eph 2:9 | — | Must preserve strict exclusion “non par les œuvres”; mandatory theologian review (grace≠merit escalation rule). |
| 35 | boast | καυχάομαι | kauchaomai | se vanter | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:9 | ”se glorifier” (risks confusion with gloire doctrine) | Prefer “se vanter” to avoid lexical overlap with positive glory-vocabulary. |
| 36 | workmanship | ποίημα | poiēma | ouvrage / chef-d’œuvre | NEW | High | Eph 2:10 | ”œuvre” alone (blurs with rejected v.9 “œuvres”) | Deliberately avoid the same French root as #34 to preserve Paul’s works-excluded/works-included distinction. |
| 37 | created | κτίζω | ktizō | créés | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:10 | — | Echoes creation-doctrine register. |
| 38 | good works (as fruit) | ἔργα ἀγαθά | erga agatha | bonnes œuvres | NEW | Critical | Eph 2:10 | — | REQUIRES mandatory translator note distinguishing from #34’s rejected “œuvres” (v.9); same root unavoidable in French — teaching gloss mandatory. |
| 39 | prepared beforehand | προετοιμάζω | proetoimazō | préparées d’avance | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:10 | — | Cross-reference with ch.1 predestination vocabulary. |
Chapter 1 Terms
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | apôtre | TM-REUSE | Low | Eph 1:1 | — | — |
| 41 | saints | ἅγιος/ἅγιοι | hagioi | saints | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 1:1,4,15,18 | — | Baseline canonized-intercessor collision risk applies; gloss “tous les croyants” recommended. |
| 42 | grace | χάρις | charis | grâce | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 1:2,6,7 | — | — |
| 43 | Lord | κύριος | kyrios | Seigneur | TM-REUSE | Critical | Eph 1:2,3,15,17 | — | — |
| 44 | Father | πατήρ | patēr | Père | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 1:2,3,17 | — | — |
| 45 | glory | δόξα | doxa | gloire | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 1:6,12,14,17,18 | — | — |
| 46 | blessing | εὐλογία / εὐλογέω | eulogia | béni / bénédiction | NEW | Low | Eph 1:3 | — | — |
| 47 | election/choose | ἐκλέγομαι / ἐκλογή | eklegomai | élire / élection | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 1:4 | — | Same political-election collision risk as baseline; mandatory theologian review. |
| 48 | predestination | προορίζω | proorizō | prédestiner / prédestination | NEW | Critical | Eph 1:5, 1:11 | ”destiné” (too weak, loses sovereign-decree sense) | French Jansenist-controversy background; double-trigger with Catholic/Reformed grace tension. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 49 | adoption | υἱοθεσία | huiothesia | adoption filiale | TM-REUSE | Medium | Eph 1:5 | — | — |
| 50 | redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | apolytrōsis | rédemption | NEW | High | Eph 1:7,14 | — | Established but risk of over-familiar piety-flattening; reinforce with “par son sang.” |
| 51 | forgiveness | ἄφεσις | aphesis | pardon (des péchés) | NEW | Medium | Eph 1:7 | — | Distinct from verb χαρίζομαι (4:32). |
| 52 | mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | mystère | NEW | Critical | Eph 1:9; 3:3-9; 5:32; 6:19 | ”secret” (loses theological register) | Catholic sacramental-liturgical collision (“le mystère de la foi” at Mass); mandatory contextual gloss and theologian review. |
| 53 | inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | héritage | NEW | Medium | Eph 1:14,18; 5:5 | — | Tie to adoption filiale logic in teaching. |
| 54 | seal | σφραγίζω | sphragizō | sceller / marqué d’un sceau | NEW | Medium | Eph 1:13 | — | Ancient ownership-mark practice may need brief explanation. |
| 55 | guarantee/pledge | ἀρραβών | arrabōn | arrhes | NEW | Medium | Eph 1:14 | ”gage” (less precise) | Established Bible-translation legal/commercial term; good match. |
| 56 | wisdom | σοφία | sophia | sagesse | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 1:17 | — | — |
| 57 | revelation | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | révélation | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 1:17 | — | — |
| 58 | hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | espérance | NEW | Medium | Eph 1:18; 4:4 | ”espoir” (wishful, weaker) | French tradition distinguishes espérance (theological virtue) from espoir (wishful hope); use espérance consistently. |
| 59 | power (of God) | δύναμις | dynamis | puissance | TM-REUSE (root: puissance de Dieu) | Medium | Eph 1:19-20 | ”force” (too generic/physical) | — |
| 60 | working/operation | ἐνέργεια | energeia | opération / action puissante | NEW | Medium | Eph 1:19 | — | No single French noun; periphrasis needed. |
| 61 | head/headship | κεφαλή | kephalē | tête | NEW | Critical | Eph 1:22; 4:15; 5:23 | ”chef” (organizational-chart flattening) | Central to Church-as-Body AND Household Codes doctrines; identical rendering required at every occurrence. |
| 62 | body (ecclesial) | σῶμα | sōma | corps | NEW | High | Eph 1:22-23; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30 | — | Must preserve organic/corporate-union claim, not mere organizational metaphor. |
| 63 | fullness | πλήρωμα | plērōma | plénitude | NEW | Critical | Eph 1:23; 3:19; 4:13 | — | Abstract, easily skimmed; mandatory theologian review across all three occurrences. |
| 64 | faith | πίστις | pistis | foi | TM-REUSE | Medium | Eph 1:15 | — | — |
| 65 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | pneuma hagion | Esprit Saint | TM-REUSE | Critical | Eph 1:13 | — | — |
Chapter 2 (2:11–22) Terms
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66 | Gentiles | ἔθνη | ethnē | païens | TM-REUSE | Medium | Eph 2:11 | — | — |
| 67 | circumcision / uncircumcision | περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία | peritomē / akrobystia | circoncision / incirconcision | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:11 | — | Needs brief covenant-sign background for low-literacy readers. |
| 68 | strangers/aliens | ξένος / πάροικος | xenoi / paroikoi | étrangers | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:12,19 | — | Contemporary French immigration-policy resonance; keep referent historical/theological. |
| 69 | covenant | διαθήκη | diathēkē | alliance | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 2:12 | — | — |
| 70 | promise | ἐπαγγελία | epangelia | promesse | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:12; 6:2 | — | — |
| 71 | peace | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | paix | TM-REUSE | Low | Eph 2:14-17 | — | — |
| 72 | enmity/hostility | ἔχθρα | echthra | hostilité / inimitié | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:14,16 | — | Preserve both horizontal (Jew-Gentile) and vertical (God-humanity) referents. |
| 73 | dividing wall | μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ | mesotoichon tou phragmou | mur de séparation | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:14 | — | Historical footnote (Temple’s literal wall) recommended. |
| 74 | law (commandments) | νόμος (τῶν ἐντολῶν) | nomos | loi | TM-REUSE | High | Eph 2:15 | — | Scope narrowly to “law as dividing wall,” not moral law wholesale. |
| 75 | abolish | καταργέω | katargeō | abolir / rendre inopérant | NEW | High | Eph 2:15 | ”détruire” (too absolute) | Risk of overreading as abrogation of all moral law; theologian review. |
| 76 | one new man/humanity | καινὸς ἄνθρωπος (εἷς) | heis kainos anthrōpos | un seul homme nouveau | NEW | Critical | Eph 2:15 | ”une seule humanité nouvelle” (as supplementary teaching gloss only) | Central unity-doctrine statement; mandatory theologian review. |
| 77 | reconciliation | ἀποκαταλλάσσω / καταλλαγή | apokatallassō | réconcilier / réconciliation | NEW | High | Eph 2:16 | — | Preserve both horizontal and vertical dimensions together. |
| 78 | cross | σταυρός | stauros | croix | NEW | Critical | Eph 2:16 | — | Catholic devotional-icon resonance risk; tie explicitly to atonement content. |
| 79 | access | προσαγωγή | prosagōgē | accès | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:18 | — | Cross-reference baseline intercession (direct, unmediated access). |
| 80 | household of God | οἰκεῖος / οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ | oikeioi tou theou | de la famille de Dieu | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:19 | — | — |
| 81 | foundation / cornerstone | θεμέλιος / ἀκρογωνιαῖος λίθος | themelios / akrogōniaios lithos | fondement / pierre angulaire | NEW | Medium | Eph 2:20 | — | — |
| 82 | temple | ναός | naos | temple | NEW | High | Eph 2:21 | — | Collision with French Protestant “temple”-as-building-only vs. Catholic OT/pagan-temple usage; requires teaching gloss. |
| 83 | dwelling place | κατοικητήριον | katoikētērion | demeure | NEW | Low | Eph 2:22 | — | — |
Chapter 3 Terms
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 84 | stewardship/administration | οἰκονομία | oikonomia | administration / charge (du mystère) | NEW | High | Eph 3:2,9 | ”économie” (reserve for footnoted advanced use) | Catholic “économie du salut” resonance could help or overtechnicalize; primary rendering periphrastic. |
| 85 | fellow-heir/-body/-partaker | συγκληρονόμος / σύσσωμος / συμμέτοχος | synklēronoma / syssōma / symmetocha | co-héritiers / membres du même corps / coparticipants | NEW | Critical | Eph 3:6 | — | Retain “co-/fellow-” prefix in all three; central unity-doctrine verse; mandatory theologian review. |
| 86 | unsearchable riches | ἀνεξιχνίαστος πλοῦτος | anexichniastos ploutos | richesses insondables | NEW | Low | Eph 3:8 | — | — |
| 87 | rulers/authorities (benign) | ἀρχή / ἐξουσία (ἐπουρανίοις) | archai / exousiai | principautés et autorités | NEW | High | Eph 3:10 | — | Same vocabulary as 6:12’s hostile sense; context (not lexicon) determines valence — flag explicitly. |
| 88 | boldness/access | παρρησία | parrēsia | assurance / pleine liberté | NEW | Medium | Eph 3:12; 6:19-20 | — | — |
| 89 | eternal purpose | πρόθεσις τῶν αἰώνων | prothesis tōn aiōnōn | dessein éternel | NEW | Medium | Eph 3:11 | — | Cross-reference baseline providence. |
| 90 | fullness (individual) | πλήρωμα | plērōma | plénitude | NEW | Critical | Eph 3:19 | — | Reuse ch.1 entry (#63) identically. |
Chapter 4 Terms
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 91 | unity | ἑνότης | henotēs | unité | NEW | High | Eph 4:3,13 | — | Distinguish from secular civic “unité nationale”; keep referent explicitly Spirit-given/ecclesial. |
| 92 | one body/Spirit/hope/Lord/faith/baptism | ἓν σῶμα… | hen sōma… | un seul corps… un seul Seigneur, une seule foi, un seul baptême | NEW/TM-REUSE mixed | High | Eph 4:4-6 | — | Render as fixed, verbatim-consistent unit across curriculum, parallel to baseline Rom 10:9-10 rule. |
| 93 | baptism | βάπτισμα | baptisma | baptême | NEW | High | Eph 4:5 | — | Denominational infant/believer’s-baptism practice differences must not be imported into “unity of significance” claim. |
| 94 | gift (grace-gift) | χάρισμα / δόμα / δωρεά | charisma / domata / dōrea | don | TM-REUSE (aligned w/ dons spirituels) | High | Eph 4:7-8 | — | — |
| 95 | apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, teachers | ἀπόστολος, προφήτης, εὐαγγελιστής, ποιμήν, διδάσκαλος | — | apôtres, prophètes, évangélistes, pasteurs, docteurs | mixed TM-REUSE/NEW | High | Eph 4:11 | ”prêtres” for ποιμήν (wrong register entirely) | ποιμήν→“pasteur” carries Protestant-clergy-title connotation for Catholic readers; flag for native speaker/theologian review. |
| 96 | equipping | καταρτισμός | katartismos | équipement / perfectionnement (des saints) | NEW | Medium | Eph 4:12 | — | Periphrasis needed. |
| 97 | edification/building up | οἰκοδομή | oikodomē | édification | NEW | Low | Eph 4:12,16,29 | — | Aligns with baseline doctrine name “l’édification mutuelle.” |
| 98 | maturity | τέλειος | teleios | homme fait / adulte | NEW | Medium | Eph 4:13 | ”parfait” (wrongly implies sinlessness) | — |
| 99 | growth | αὔξησις | auxēsis | croissance | NEW | Low | Eph 4:15-16 | — | — |
| 100 | old man / new self (individual) | παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | palaios/kainos anthrōpos | le vieil homme / l’homme nouveau | NEW | Critical | Eph 4:22-24 | — | Distinguish from 2:15’s corporate “un seul homme nouveau”; mandatory teaching note. |
| 101 | renewal of mind | ἀνανέωσις / ἀνακαινόω (νοῦς) | ananeōsis tou noos | renouvellement de l’intelligence | NEW | Medium | Eph 4:23 | — | — |
| 102 | futility / hardness of heart | ματαιότης / πώρωσις | mataiotēs / pōrōsis | futilité / endurcissement (du cœur) | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 4:17-18 | — | — |
| 103 | grieve the Holy Spirit | λυπέω τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | lypeō to pneuma to hagion | attrister l’Esprit Saint | NEW | High | Eph 4:30 | — | Reinforces Spirit’s personhood against impersonal-force misreading. |
| 104 | forgive (interpersonal) | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | pardonner | NEW | Medium | Eph 4:32 | — | Keep etymologically linked to χάρις/grâce in teaching. |
Chapter 5 Terms
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 105 | imitators | μιμητής | mimētēs | imitateurs | NEW | Low | Eph 5:1 | — | — |
| 106 | offering and sacrifice | προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία | prosphora kai thysia | offrande et sacrifice | NEW | Medium | Eph 5:2 | — | OT sacrificial background needed for secular readers. |
| 107 | vice list (immorality/impurity/greed/idolatry) | πορνεία, ἀκαθαρσία, πλεονεξία, εἰδωλολατρία | porneia, akatharsia, pleonexia, eidōlolatria | immoralité sexuelle, impureté, cupidité, idolâtrie | NEW | Medium | Eph 5:3-5 | — | Retain πλεονεξία-as-idolatry link explicitly (v.5). |
| 108 | light / darkness | φῶς / σκότος | phōs / skotos | lumière / ténèbres | NEW | High | Eph 5:8-14 | — | Preserve ontological “you WERE darkness” claim, not merely situational. |
| 109 | be filled with the Spirit | πληρόω (ἐν Πνεύματι) | plēroō en pneumati | soyez remplis de l’Esprit | NEW | High | Eph 5:18 | — | Preserve ongoing-command (present imperative) nuance via teaching note. |
| 110 | psalms, hymns, spiritual songs | ψαλμός, ὕμνος, ᾠδὴ πνευματική | psalmos, hymnos, ōdē pneumatikē | psaumes, hymnes et cantiques spirituels | NEW | Low | Eph 5:19 | — | — |
| 111 | submit/submission | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | se soumettre | NEW | Critical | Eph 5:21,22,24 | — | Live French social controversy; mandatory theologian review with mutual-submission (v.21) and husband’s self-sacrifice (v.25) framing. |
| 112 | head/headship (marriage) | κεφαλή | kephalē | tête | NEW | Critical | Eph 5:23 | — | Reuse #61 identically. |
| 113 | mystery (marriage) | μυστήριον | mystērion | mystère | NEW | Critical | Eph 5:32 | — | Reuse #52; intensified sacramental-marriage collision (Catholic seventh sacrament grounding text). Mandatory theologian review. |
| 114 | one flesh | μία σάρξ | mia sarx | une seule chair | NEW | Medium | Eph 5:31 | — | — |
Chapter 6 Terms
| # | English Term | Greek Original | Translit. | French Rendering | Status | Risk | Primary Passage(s) | Rejected Alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115 | obey / honor | ὑπακούω / τιμάω | hypakouō / timaō | obéir / honorer | NEW | Low | Eph 6:1-2 | — | Keep conceptually distinct from obéissance de la foi. |
| 116 | provoke to anger | παροργίζω | parorgizō | irriter / exaspérer | NEW | Low | Eph 6:4 | — | — |
| 117 | discipline and instruction | παιδεία καὶ νουθεσία (κυρίου) | paideia kai nouthesia kyriou | discipline et instruction (du Seigneur) | NEW | Low-Medium | Eph 6:4 | — | — |
| 118 | slave/bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | esclaves | NEW | Critical | Eph 6:5-8 | — | Extreme French historical sensitivity (Code Noir, Taubira law); mandatory theologian review and historical teaching note. |
| 119 | master (human) | κύριος | kyrioi | maîtres | NEW | Critical | Eph 6:5,9 | ”Seigneur” (would wrongly conflate with Christ’s title) | French naturally disambiguates Seigneur/maître, unlike Greek’s single κύριος; flag lost wordplay for teaching. |
| 120 | partiality/favoritism | προσωπολημψία | prosōpolēmpsia | favoritisme / partialité | NEW | Low | Eph 6:9 | — | — |
| 121 | armor of God | πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ | panoplia tou theou | l’armure de Dieu | NEW | Critical | Eph 6:11,13 | — | Anchor in named pieces (below), not vague “spiritual strength.” Mandatory theologian review. |
| 122 | wrestle/struggle | πάλη | palē | lutte | NEW | Medium | Eph 6:12 | — | Preserve “not against flesh and blood” contrast. |
| 123 | rulers, authorities, cosmic powers, spiritual forces of evil | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας | archai, exousiai, kosmokratores, pneumatika tēs ponērias | les principautés, les autorités, les puissances de ce monde de ténèbres, les esprits mauvais dans les lieux célestes | NEW | Critical | Eph 6:12 | — | Highest-risk passage for secular French readership (demythologizing dismissal vs. sensationalized occultism); mandatory theologian review. |
| 124 | belt of truth | περιζώννυμι (τὴν ὀσφὺν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ) | perizōsamenoi tēn osphyn en alētheia | ayant mis la vérité comme ceinture | NEW | Medium | Eph 6:14a | — | Brief cultural explanation of “girding the loins” image recommended. |
| 125 | breastplate of righteousness | θώραξ τῆς δικαιοσύνης | thōrax tēs dikaiosynēs | la cuirasse de la justice | TM-REUSE for justice | High | Eph 6:14b | — | Reuse baseline justice exactly; armor imagery must not suggest self-achieved righteousness. |
| 126 | gospel of peace (shoes) | ἑτοιμασία τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης | hetoimasia tou euangeliou tēs eirēnēs | la préparation de l’Évangile de la paix | TM-REUSE for Évangile/paix | Medium | Eph 6:15 | — | Reuse baseline terms exactly. |
| 127 | shield of faith | θυρεός τῆς πίστεως | thyreos tēs pisteōs | le bouclier de la foi | TM-REUSE for foi | Medium | Eph 6:16 | — | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 128 | helmet of salvation | περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου | perikephalaia tou sōteriou | le casque du salut | TM-REUSE for salut | High | Eph 6:17a | — | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| 129 | sword of the Spirit / word of God | μάχαιρα τοῦ Πνεύματος, ῥῆμα Θεοῦ | machaira tou pneumatos, rhēma theou | l’épée de l’Esprit, la Parole de Dieu | NEW (with TM-REUSE Esprit Saint) | High | Eph 6:17b | — | ῥῆμα/λόγος distinction flagged for advanced teaching only. |
| 130 | prayer and supplication | προσευχή, δέησις | proseuchē, deēsis | prière et supplication | NEW | Low | Eph 6:18 | — | — |
| 131 | ambassador | πρεσβεύω | presbeuō | ambassadeur | NEW | Medium | Eph 6:20 | — | Cross-reference baseline apôtre. |
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Key Terms (# refs above) | Highest Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|
| Salvation by Grace through Faith | #23, #24, #32, #33, #34, #35, #36, #38, #42, #50, #51 | Critical (#34, #38) |
| Election and Predestination in Christ | #47, #48, #58 (ἐλπίς-adjacent), #39 | Critical (#48) |
| The Church as the Body of Christ | #61, #62, #63, #90, #91, #92 | Critical (#61, #63) |
| Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | #66-77, #85 | Critical (#76, #85) |
| The Mystery of Christ Revealed | #52, #84, #113 | Critical (#52, #113) |
| Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | #87, #121-131 | Critical (#121, #123) |
| Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | #61, #111, #112, #115-120 | Critical (#111, #118, #119) |
| Gifts for Building Up the Church | #94, #95, #96, #97 | High (#95) |
| Walking in Newness of Life | #4, #98-104, #108, #109 | Critical (#100) |
All [TM-REUSE] renderings are copied exactly from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and must not be altered. All [NEW] entries require formal addition to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 2, following the risk-tiered review routing defined in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: justice
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: vertu, droiture
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 6:14 repurposes the term as armor imagery (‘la cuirasse de la justice’); the armor metaphor must not be read as self-achieved defensive effort — it remains gift-status righteousness put into active service.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salut
Transliteration: salut
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: délivrance
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to Critical for this curriculum). Ephesians 2:5,8 use the Greek perfect passive (‘sesōsmenoi’, having been saved) to stress a completed, secure status; French passé composé does not automatically convey this durative-perfect nuance, recurring the baseline’s Trent/Reformation tension.
Lord
Approved rendering: Seigneur
Transliteration: Seigneur
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: maître, patron
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 6:5,9 deliberately reuse the SAME Greek word (kyrios) for human masters and for Christ, a wordplay invisible once French supplies two distinct words (‘Seigneur’ for Christ, ‘maître’ for a human master); flag this lost wordplay explicitly in teaching notes.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fils de Dieu
Transliteration: Fils de Dieu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: envoyé de Dieu, homme divin
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 4:13 — ‘connaissance du Fils de Dieu’ as the goal of unity and maturity.
God
Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to Critical for this curriculum). Ephesians 2:4 (‘mais Dieu’) is the letter’s dramatic pivot verse; French secular-interjection risk (‘Mon Dieu!’) and deist-abstraction risk both apply.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to Critical for this curriculum). Ephesians uniquely stresses the Spirit’s personhood through ‘grieve the Holy Spirit’ (4:30) and ‘filled with the Spirit’ (5:18); readers must not import an impersonal-force reading.
Works Excluded
Approved rendering: œuvres
Transliteration: œuvres
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:9. Precise Trent/Reformation flashpoint already flagged Critical in the baseline under ‘grace’; must retain strict exclusion ‘non par les œuvres’ with no softening qualifiers. Mandatory theologian review. Never blur with ‘bonnes œuvres’ (v.10) or ‘ouvrage’ (workmanship, v.10).
Good Works
Approved rendering: bonnes œuvres
Transliteration: bonnes œuvres
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Salvation
Original: ἔργα ἀγαθά
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:10 (Greek erga agatha). The same French root (‘œuvres’) is lexically unavoidable in both the rejected v.9 sense and the affirmed v.10 sense; mandatory teaching gloss distinguishing fruit (‘bonnes œuvres’) from excluded ground (‘œuvres’) required at every occurrence.
Predestination
Approved rendering: prédestination
Transliteration: prédestination
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: destiné (too weak)
Original: προορίζω
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:5,11 (Greek proorizō). The strongest predestination language in the letter; carries a double trigger in French — the baseline’s élection political-vote collision PLUS the historic internal French Catholic Jansenist controversy over grace and predestination. Mandatory theologian review.
Mystery Of Christ
Approved rendering: mystère
Transliteration: mystère
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: secret
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 1:9; 3:3-9; 6:19 (Greek mystērion). HIGH COLLISION RISK: ‘mystère’ is the standing French Catholic liturgical term (‘le mystère de la foi’ said over the Eucharist at every Mass, ‘les mystères du Rosaire’). Must be glossed contextually at every recurrence naming Paul’s specific referent (the Jew-Gentile union in Christ), never left unqualified.
Mystery Of Marriage
Approved rendering: mystère
Transliteration: mystère
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ and the Church in Marriage
Original: μυστήριον (τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα ἐστίν)
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 5:31-32. Same rendering as mystery_of_christ, here intensified: French Catholic sacramental theology names marriage one of the seven sacraments partly on the strength of this verse (Vulgate ‘mysterium’ → ‘sacramentum’); a genuine Catholic-vs-Protestant doctrinal fault line requiring historically-informed handling, never casual paraphrase.
Headship Of Christ
Approved rendering: tête
Transliteration: tête
Doctrine: Headship of Christ over the Church
Rejected alternatives: chef
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:22; 4:15; 5:23 (Greek kephalē). Contemporary French readers default to an anatomical or organizational-chart sense (‘le chef’, ‘la tête de l’entreprise’) that misses the organic, life-giving, one-flesh union Paul intends. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence, spanning both the Church-as-Body and Household-Codes doctrines.
Fullness Of Christ
Approved rendering: plénitude
Transliteration: plénitude
Doctrine: The Fullness of Christ
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:23; 3:19; 4:13 (Greek plērōma). Rare, elevated-register French word risking being skimmed as vague pious flourish rather than grasped as precise theological claim; must be rendered identically at all three doctrinal high-points.
One New Humanity
Approved rendering: un seul homme nouveau
Transliteration: un seul homme nouveau
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: εἷς καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:15 (Greek heis kainos anthrōpos). French ‘homme’ risks a masculine-only misreading; pair with the supplementary teaching gloss ‘une seule humanité nouvelle’. Given France’s history and significant Jewish community, mandatory theologian review. Must be disambiguated from 4:22-24’s individual ‘l’homme nouveau’.
Cross
Approved rendering: croix
Transliteration: croix
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: σταυρός
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:16 (Greek stauros). New to this curriculum (absent from Romans baseline). French Catholic devotional culture associates ‘la croix’ heavily with the crucifix as a devotional object; must be consistently tied back to the atonement/reconciliation content, not left as an unglossed cultural symbol.
Fellow Heirs Body Partakers
Approved rendering: co-héritiers / membres du même corps / coparticipants
Transliteration: co-héritiers / membres du même corps / coparticipants
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: συγκληρονόμος / σύσσωμος / συμμέτοχος
Category: Church
Ephesians 3:6 (Greek synklēronoma / syssōma / symmetocha). All three compounds must retain a ‘co-/fellow-’ marker so the triple emphasis on EQUAL standing is not diluted into a vaguer ‘included with’ phrasing. Mandatory theologian review.
Old Self New Self
Approved rendering: le vieil homme / l’homme nouveau
Transliteration: le vieil homme / l’homme nouveau
Doctrine: New Individual Identity: Old Self and New Self
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 4:22-24. Established French Bible idiom, lexically low-risk but doctrinally Critical: must be explicitly disambiguated in teaching from the CORPORATE ‘un seul homme nouveau’ of 2:15 — both use closely related vocabulary but serve entirely different doctrinal points.
Submission
Approved rendering: se soumettre
Transliteration: se soumettre
Doctrine: Household Codes: Marriage and Christ-Centered Submission
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household
Ephesians 5:21,22,24 (Greek hypotassō). Sits at the center of intense, live contemporary French debate (secular feminist critique, #MeToo-era scrutiny, complementarian/egalitarian church disagreement). Mandatory theologian review; must always be paired with v.21’s mutual submission and v.25’s self-sacrificial husband command.
Slave Bondservant
Approved rendering: esclaves
Transliteration: esclaves
Doctrine: Household Codes: Masters and Slaves
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Household
Ephesians 6:5-8 (Greek doulos). EXTREME French-specific sensitivity: the Code Noir (1685) and the 2001 Taubira law give ‘esclaves’ an immediate, heavy national historical charge. Must never be processed without an accompanying historical-cultural teaching note distinguishing first-century Greco-Roman bondservice from transatlantic chattel slavery and foregrounding v.9’s equality claim.
Master Human
Approved rendering: maîtres
Transliteration: maîtres
Doctrine: Household Codes: Masters and Slaves
Rejected alternatives: Seigneur (would wrongly conflate with Christ’s title)
Original: κύριος (of human masters)
Category: Household
Ephesians 6:5,9 (Greek kyrios, of human masters). French naturally supplies two distinct words (‘Seigneur’ for Christ, ‘maître’ for a human master), unlike Greek’s single word; this erases Paul’s deliberate wordplay (master and Master share one word) — flag explicitly in teaching notes.
Armor Of God
Approved rendering: l’armure de Dieu
Transliteration: l’armure de Dieu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:11,13 (Greek panoplia tou theou). Risk runs in two opposite directions in French secular culture: self-help psychologization vs. overly literal militarism. Must be anchored in the specific named pieces, never left as a vague call to inner strength.
Hostile Spiritual Powers
Approved rendering: les principautés, les autorités, les puissances de ce monde de ténèbres, les esprits mauvais dans les lieux célestes
Transliteration: les principautés, les autorités, les puissances de ce monde de ténèbres, les esprits mauvais dans les lieux célestes
Doctrine: Hostile Spiritual Powers
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:12 (Greek archai, exousiai, kosmokratores, pneumatika tēs ponērias). Highest-risk passage in the letter for a secular-leaning French readership: demythologizing dismissal vs. sensationalized occultism. Identical vocabulary is used benignly at 3:10 — flag valence context-dependency explicitly.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:6-7, 2:5, 2:7-8, 4:7 intensify the baseline’s Catholic-sacramental vs. Reformed sola-gratia tension since 2:5-8 is the letter’s most concentrated grace-not-works statement; enforce ‘apart from merit’ framing at every occurrence.
Faith
Approved rendering: foi
Transliteration: foi
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: croyance, religion
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum). Ephesians 2:8 pairs ‘grâce…par le moyen de la foi’ as the letter’s thesis-sentence collocation; recommend adding Eph 2:8-9 to the verbatim-consistency clause alongside Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, 10:9-10. Also recurs in the sevenfold unity confession (4:5) and shield of faith (6:16).
Called
Approved rendering: appelé
Transliteration: appelé
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: invité
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum). Ephesians 1:18; 4:1,4 speak of ‘the hope of his calling’ and exhort believers to ‘walk worthy of the calling’; reserve ‘vocation’ only for explicit occupational contexts.
Calling
Approved rendering: appel
Transliteration: appel
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocation (clergy-narrowing risk)
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 4:1,4. Same forbidden-substitution rule as baseline: never ‘vocation’ for the general believer’s calling.
Saints
Approved rendering: saints
Transliteration: les saints
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:1,15,18; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18 use ‘saints’ extensively as the letter’s default address for believers; the canonized-intercessor collision risk documented in the baseline requires the same ‘tous les croyants’ gloss.
Adoption
Approved rendering: adoption filiale
Transliteration: adoption filiale
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: adoption (bare, legal-procedural)
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum). Ephesians 1:5 ties adoption directly to predestination (‘il nous a prédestinés à être ses enfants d’adoption’).
Law
Approved rendering: loi
Transliteration: loi (la Loi)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:15 states Christ ‘abolished’ the law of commandments as a dividing wall; scope narrowly to this dividing-wall function, not moral law wholesale — same Mosaic-narrowing rule as the baseline.
Sin
Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: péché
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum). Ephesians 2:1 pairs ‘péché’ with ‘paraptōma’ (trespasses) for rhetorical fullness; colloquial French trivialization risk (‘péché mignon’) applies with equal force.
Glory
Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: gloire
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum). Ephesians 1:6,12,14,17,18 and 3:21 make ‘gloire’ the refrain of the opening doxology; secular French ‘gloire’ (military/celebrity) risk applies as in baseline.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: puissance de Dieu
Transliteration: puissance de Dieu
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: force
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:19-20 links this power explicitly to Christ’s resurrection now ‘toward us who believe’; keep ‘puissance’, never ‘force’.
Covenant
Approved rendering: alliance
Transliteration: alliance
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrat
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:12 speaks of ‘the covenants of promise’ (plural) from which Gentiles were formerly excluded; pair naturally with ‘promesse’.
Election
Approved rendering: élection
Transliteration: élection
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: chance, destin
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:4 (‘il nous a élus’) is a locus classicus alongside Romans 9; the same French political-election collision applies, intensified by the explicit predestination vocabulary that follows in 1:5,11.
Father
Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: Père
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 3:14-15 extends fatherhood language cosmically (‘every family… takes its name’); ‘Père’ must remain relational, not a mere creator-title.
Spiritually Dead
Approved rendering: morts
Transliteration: morts
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Rejected alternatives: affaiblis
Original: νεκρός
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:1. Colloquial French uses ‘mort’ hyperbolically (‘mort de rire’, ‘mort d’ennui’), risking a rhetorical rather than genuinely theological reading of total spiritual incapacity; anchor to v.5’s ‘rendus vivants avec le Christ’.
Flesh
Approved rendering: chair
Transliteration: chair
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:3; 2:11; 5:29-31; 6:5,12. French ‘la chair’ carries strong sensual/sexual connotations that can wrongly narrow Paul’s broader fallen-nature sense to sexual sin alone; also used literally of the physical body at 5:29-31 — disambiguate by context.
Children Of Wrath
Approved rendering: enfants de colère
Transliteration: enfants de colère
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Rejected alternatives: enfants qui sont en colère
Original: τέκνα ὀργῆς
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:3. Semitic idiom (‘characterized by/destined for wrath’); the literal French idiom risks being heard as ‘children who are angry’. Requires a standing teaching gloss: ‘voués à la colère de Dieu’.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: colère (de Dieu)
Transliteration: colère (de Dieu)
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Rejected alternatives: rage, fureur
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
Ephesians 2:3. Secular French can read ‘colère’ as an emotional loss of control unbefitting a good God; must be anchored as righteous, judicial wrath, consistent with the baseline’s treatment of God’s justice.
Made Alive With Christ
Approved rendering: rendus vivants avec le Christ
Transliteration: rendus vivants avec le Christ
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: revivifier (bare)
Original: συζωοποιέω
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:5 (Greek syzōopoieō). No single French word carries the ‘made-alive-together-with-Christ’ compound sense; requires periphrasis with ‘avec le Christ’ or it reads as generic spiritual renewal rather than co-resurrection union with Christ.
Raised With Christ
Approved rendering: ressuscités avec le Christ
Transliteration: ressuscités avec le Christ
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ressuscités (bare)
Original: συνεγείρω
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:6 (Greek synegeirō). A bare ‘il nous a ressuscités’ without ‘avec le Christ’ collapses the distinctively Pauline union-with-Christ theology into a generic personal-resurrection claim.
Seated With Christ
Approved rendering: assis avec le Christ
Transliteration: assis avec le Christ
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: συγκαθίζω
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:6 (Greek synkathizō). Same periphrastic pattern as the two prior ‘syn-’ compounds; grounds assurance in a present, already-accomplished heavenly status.
Gift Doron
Approved rendering: don
Transliteration: don
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: cadeau
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:8. Must not be softened to ‘cadeau’ (casual/festive gift), which trivializes the theological weight; ‘don’ is the established, formal French Bible register term, kept distinct from but consistent with ‘dons spirituels’.
Workmanship
Approved rendering: ouvrage
Transliteration: ouvrage
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: œuvre (blurs with v.9 rejected works), chef-d’œuvre (register-dependent alternative)
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:10 (Greek poiēma). French ‘œuvre’ doubles as the word rejected for human merit two verses earlier; using ‘œuvre’ here would visually/lexically blur the rejected human works with God’s affirmed creative act.
Redemption
Approved rendering: rédemption
Transliteration: rédemption
Doctrine: Redemption and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:7,14 (Greek apolytrōsis). Stable across French Catholic and Protestant usage, so the real risk is over-familiarity flattening it into vague pious abstraction rather than ‘ransom paid by Christ’s blood’; reinforce with ‘par son sang’.
Body Of Christ Ecclesial
Approved rendering: corps
Transliteration: corps
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:22-23; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30 (Greek sōma). Direct, stable French word, but the corporate/organic-union claim (‘the church IS his body’) must not be reduced to a mere organizational-chart simile (‘is LIKE a body’).
Abolish Dividing Law
Approved rendering: abolir / rendre inopérant
Transliteration: abolir / rendre inopérant
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: détruire (too absolute)
Original: καταργέω
Category: Covenant
Ephesians 2:15 (Greek katargeō). An unqualified ‘abolir la loi’ could be misread as abrogating the moral law altogether; must be scoped strictly to the law’s enmity-producing, dividing-wall function, consistent with the baseline’s narrowly Mosaic scoping of ‘loi’.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: réconciliation
Transliteration: réconciliation
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω / καταλλαγή
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:16 (Greek apokatallassō). Standard theological French vocabulary; both horizontal (Jew-Gentile) and vertical (humanity-God) dimensions must be retained together, not reduced to interpersonal peacemaking.
Temple Metaphorical
Approved rendering: temple
Transliteration: temple
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple
Original: ναός
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:21 (Greek naos). French Protestants reserve ‘temple’ for their own buildings; Catholic tradition uses it for the OT/pagan sanctuary sense; applying it metaphorically to the PEOPLE risks confusion in both directions — requires explicit teaching gloss.
Stewardship Of The Mystery
Approved rendering: administration / charge (du mystère)
Transliteration: administration / charge (du mystère)
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: économie (reserve for footnote only)
Original: οἰκονομία
Category: Mystery
Ephesians 3:2,9 (Greek oikonomia). ‘Économie’ is an established Catholic term (‘l’économie du salut’) but risks over-technicalizing for Protestant/secular readers; primary rendering periphrastic. Never echo the Watchtower’s ‘arrangement de Jéhovah’ organizational idiom.
Rulers Authorities Benign
Approved rendering: principautés et autorités
Transliteration: principautés et autorités
Doctrine: Hostile Spiritual Powers
Original: ἀρχαί / ἐξουσίαι
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 3:10 (Greek archai / exousiai). Identical French phrase used at 3:10 (observing, benign) and 6:12 (opposing, hostile); translators must use context, not a fixed lexical rule, to determine valence — flag this explicitly.
Unity
Approved rendering: unité
Transliteration: unité
Doctrine: Unity of the Church
Original: ἑνότης
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:3,13 (Greek henotēs). Contemporary French secular ideals of civic ‘unité’ (laïcité’s unifying ideal) risk conflation with the specifically Spirit-given, Christ-centered unity Paul describes.
Sevenfold Unity Confession
Approved rendering: un seul corps, un seul Esprit, une seule espérance, un seul Seigneur, une seule foi, un seul baptême, un seul Dieu et Père
Transliteration: un seul corps, un seul Esprit, une seule espérance, un seul Seigneur, une seule foi, un seul baptême, un seul Dieu et Père
Doctrine: Unity of the Church
Original: ἓν σῶμα, ἓν πνεῦμα, μία ἐλπίς, εἷς κύριος, μία πίστις, ἓν βάπτισμα, εἷς θεός καὶ πατήρ
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:4-6. Fixed, verbatim-consistent creedal unit, parallel to the baseline’s Romans 10:9-10 consistency rule; each individual term reuses its own established French rendering.
Baptism
Approved rendering: baptême
Transliteration: baptême
Doctrine: Baptism as a Mark of Unity
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:5 (Greek baptisma). Lexically stable across French Christian traditions, but live denominational differences (infant vs. believer’s baptism) mean readers may import their own tradition’s practice into ‘one baptism’ rather than recognizing unity of significance, not uniformity of practice.
Ministry Offices
Approved rendering: apôtres, prophètes, évangélistes, pasteurs, docteurs
Transliteration: apôtres, prophètes, évangélistes, pasteurs, docteurs
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: prêtres (wrong register for poimēn), bergers (too literal)
Original: ἀπόστολος, προφήτης, εὐαγγελιστής, ποιμήν, διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:11. Rendering poimēn as ‘pasteur’ is ecumenically established but names exclusively Protestant clergy in French religious culture (Catholic clergy are ‘prêtre’/‘curé’); requires a functional-office teaching note, not a denominational endorsement. Frame as serving the closed foundation of 2:20, not an ongoing revelatory office.
Grieve The Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: attrister l’Esprit Saint
Transliteration: attrister l’Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Grieving the Holy Spirit
Original: λυπέω τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God
Ephesians 4:30. Reinforces the Spirit’s personhood against impersonal-force misreading (only a person can be grieved); the verb ‘attrister’ is direct and low-risk lexically, so emphasis is on teaching, not translation caution.
Light And Darkness Identity
Approved rendering: lumière / ténèbres
Transliteration: lumière / ténèbres
Doctrine: Light and Darkness Identity
Original: φῶς / σκότος
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:8-14. The claim ‘you WERE darkness’ (not merely ‘in darkness’) is a strong ontological statement about transformed identity that must not be softened to a situational description.
Filled With The Spirit
Approved rendering: soyez remplis de l’Esprit
Transliteration: soyez remplis de l’Esprit
Doctrine: Being Filled with the Spirit
Original: πληρόω ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:18 (Greek plēroō en pneumati, present imperative). French verb tense does not convey the ongoing, repeated-command sense; risks a one-time-experience misreading absent a teaching note.
Breastplate Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: la cuirasse de la justice
Transliteration: la cuirasse de la justice
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: θώραξ τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:14b. Must reuse the baseline ‘justice’ term exactly; the armor imagery must not suggest righteousness is self-achieved defensive effort — it remains gift-status righteousness put into active service.
Helmet Of Salvation
Approved rendering: le casque du salut
Transliteration: le casque du salut
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:17a. Must reuse baseline ‘salut’ exactly; echoes the Assurance of Salvation doctrine.
Sword Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: l’épée de l’Esprit, la Parole de Dieu
Transliteration: l’épée de l’Esprit, la Parole de Dieu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: μάχαιρα τοῦ πνεύματος, ῥῆμα θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:17b (Greek rhēma theou, distinct from logos). Standard French ‘la Parole de Dieu’ is acceptable for general use; the rhēma/logos distinction (a specific, Spirit-applied utterance) should be flagged for advanced teaching only.
Ruler Of The Air
Approved rendering: prince (de la puissance de l’air)
Transliteration: prince (de la puissance de l’air)
Doctrine: Hostile Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: chef (too weak/generic)
Ephesians 2:2 (Greek archōn). French ‘prince’ carries fairy-tale/royal-house connotations that can trivialize a real, hostile spiritual ruler; must be reinforced by doctrinal teaching context.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: saint
Transliteration: saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: pur
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:4; 5:27 (‘sainte et sans défaut’).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sanctification
Transliteration: sanctification
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purification
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:4; 5:26-27 ground holiness in God’s electing purpose and Christ’s sanctifying work for the church.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: résurrection
Transliteration: résurrection
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: renaissance
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the three ‘syn-’ compound verbs of Ephesians 2:5-6 (made alive, raised, seated with Christ) which require periphrasis; see ‘raised_with_christ’ and ‘seated_with_christ’ entries below.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: incarnation
Transliteration: incarnation
Doctrine: Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies Ephesians 2:14-16’s ‘in his flesh’ atonement language; no separate lexical occurrence but doctrinally relevant background.
Peace
Approved rendering: paix
Transliteration: paix
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:14-17 uniquely applies ‘paix’ to BOTH the Jew-Gentile relationship and the God-humanity relationship simultaneously — a double referent absent from Romans; do not collapse to only one dimension.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dons spirituels
Transliteration: dons spirituels
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: talents
Original: χαρίσματα / δόματα / δωρεά
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Ephesians 4:7-11’s grace-gift and ministry-office vocabulary; keep ‘don’ as the consistent umbrella term distinct from natural talent.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: communion fraternelle
Transliteration: communion fraternelle
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: communion (bare)
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies Ephesians’ ‘household of God’ and ‘fellow-partakers’ (3:6) vocabulary though not lexically repeated verbatim.
Church
Approved rendering: Église
Transliteration: Église
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: temple (building only)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians develops ‘Église’ far beyond Romans as the letter’s central image (the Body, the Bride, the Temple: 1:22-23; 5:23-32); Ephesians never refers to a building at all, intensifying the baseline’s institution-vs-body caution.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Royaume de Dieu
Transliteration: Royaume de Dieu
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 5:5 varies the phrase as ‘royaume du Christ et de Dieu’; distinguish from any political/nationalist kingdom.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: païens
Transliteration: païens
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: étrangers
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:11; 3:1,6,8 use ‘païens’ as the direct counterpart to Jewish believers in the letter’s central unity argument.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messie
Transliteration: Messie
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Christ’s title ‘Christ’ is used constantly throughout Ephesians as part of ‘Christ Jésus’; see ‘christ_jesus’ entry below for the fixed name form.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercession
Transliteration: intercession
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies Ephesians 6:18’s ‘prière et supplication’; must be distinguished from the Catholic devotional practice of intercession of the saints or Mary.
Providence
Approved rendering: providence
Transliteration: providence
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: destin, hasard
Inherited from Romans package. Cross-referenced with Ephesians 1:11 and 3:11’s ‘dessein éternel’ (eternal purpose) to prevent a deist, impersonal-force reading.
Mission
Approved rendering: mission
Transliteration: mission
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Ephesians 6:20’s ‘ambassadeur’ self-description and Paul’s stewardship of the mystery (3:2-9); frame as gospel proclamation, not colonial cultural conquest.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israël
Transliteration: Israël
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:12 — Gentiles formerly ‘excluded from citizenship in Israel’; keep the referent historical/theological, per the baseline’s caution about contemporary political conflation.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: transgressions / fautes
Transliteration: transgressions / fautes
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Rejected alternatives: erreurs
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:1,5. Near-synonym of péché, paired for rhetorical fullness; must not flatten to ‘erreurs’ (mere mistakes), which loses moral culpability before God.
Lusts Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: convoitises
Transliteration: convoitises
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Rejected alternatives: désirs
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
Ephesians 2:3. Must not soften to neutral ‘désirs’; ‘convoitises’ retains the disordered, culpable sense in French religious register.
Mercy
Approved rendering: miséricorde
Transliteration: miséricorde
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
Ephesians 2:4. Established, stable term in both Catholic and Protestant devotional usage (‘Seigneur, prends pitié’); keep conceptually distinct from grâce so the two are not conflated as synonyms.
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: lieux célestes
Transliteration: lieux célestes
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Church
Ephesians 1:3,20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12. Standard French Bible-translation rendering; structural term unifying blessing (chs.1-2) and conflict (ch.6) cosmology — keep identical wording throughout.
Boasting
Approved rendering: se vanter
Transliteration: se vanter
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: se glorifier
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:9. Prefer ‘se vanter’ over ‘se glorifier’ to avoid lexical confusion with the positive theological term ‘gloire’ used of God’s own glory.
Created In Christ
Approved rendering: créés
Transliteration: créés
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: faire (mechanical)
Original: κτίζω
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:10 (Greek ktizō). Connects to incarnation/creation doctrine vocabulary; keep distinct from the merely mechanical ‘faire’ (to make).
Prepared Beforehand
Approved rendering: préparées d’avance
Transliteration: préparées d’avance
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: προετοιμάζω
Category: Election
Ephesians 2:10 (Greek proetoimazō). Cross-reference with Ephesians 1:4-5,11’s ‘prédestiner’ vocabulary so learners see the thematic link between election doctrine and the believer’s practical calling.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: pardon (des péchés)
Transliteration: pardon (des péchés)
Doctrine: Redemption and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:7 (Greek aphesis). Standard term; keep distinct from the relational verb ‘pardonner’ (charizomai, 4:32).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: héritage
Transliteration: héritage
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:14,18; 5:5 (Greek klēronomia). Direct, stable French term; should be explicitly tied back to ‘adoption filiale’ in teaching notes so the heirship logic is not lost.
Seal Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: sceller / marqué d’un sceau
Transliteration: sceller / marqué d’un sceau
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:13 (Greek sphragizō). Low ambiguity; the ancient legal/commercial seal-and-ownership practice may need brief explanation for modern readers.
Guarantee Pledge
Approved rendering: arrhes
Transliteration: arrhes
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: gage
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Election
Ephesians 1:14 (Greek arrabōn). ‘Arrhes’ is the established Bible-translation term (Segond), a genuine French legal/commercial word preserving the original metaphor without invention.
Hope
Approved rendering: espérance
Transliteration: espérance
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: espoir
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
Ephesians 1:18; 4:4 (Greek elpis). French theological tradition distinguishes ‘espérance’ (theological virtue, confident hope in God) from everyday ‘espoir’ (wishful hope); use ‘espérance’ consistently, including in the sevenfold unity confession.
Wisdom And Revelation
Approved rendering: sagesse / révélation
Transliteration: sagesse / révélation
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: σοφία / ἀποκάλυψις
Category: God
Ephesians 1:17 (Greek sophia / apokalypsis). Standard, stable French theological register.
Working Of Gods Power
Approved rendering: opération / action puissante
Transliteration: opération / action puissante
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: ἐνέργεια
Category: God
Ephesians 1:19; 3:7 (Greek energeia). No single French noun captures ‘power-in-active-operation’ as economically as the Greek; requires periphrasis such as ‘l’action de sa puissance’.
Circumcision Uncircumcision
Approved rendering: circoncision / incirconcision
Transliteration: circoncision / incirconcision
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία
Category: Covenant
Ephesians 2:11 (Greek peritomē / akrobystia). Direct, standard theological vocabulary; requires brief covenant-sign background for a biblically low-literacy readership.
Strangers Aliens
Approved rendering: étrangers
Transliteration: étrangers
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ξένος / πάροικος
Category: Covenant
Ephesians 2:12,19 (Greek xenoi / paroikoi). In contemporary France, ‘étranger’ carries live immigration-policy connotations; keep the referent historical/theological, per the baseline’s caution for ‘Israël’.
Hostility Enmity
Approved rendering: hostilité / inimitié
Transliteration: hostilité / inimitié
Doctrine: Reconciliation through the Cross
Original: ἔχθρα
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:14,16 (Greek echthra). The double referent (horizontal Jew-Gentile AND vertical God-humanity hostility) must both be preserved — do not collapse to only one dimension.
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: mur de séparation
Transliteration: mur de séparation
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:14 (Greek mesotoichon tou phragmou). Direct and vivid; benefits from a historical footnote (the literal Temple Court-of-the-Gentiles wall) so French readers grasp this as a concrete, not merely poetic, image.
Access To The Father
Approved rendering: accès
Transliteration: accès
Doctrine: Direct Access to the Father
Original: προσαγωγή
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 2:18; 3:12 (Greek prosagōgē). Cross-reference with the baseline’s ‘intercession’ entry to reinforce that access to the Father is direct, not mediated through additional intercessory figures.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: famille de Dieu
Transliteration: famille de Dieu
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: οἰκεῖος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:19 (Greek oikeioi tou theou). Direct and warm; reinforces relational belonging over mere institutional membership.
Foundation Cornerstone
Approved rendering: fondement / pierre angulaire
Transliteration: fondement / pierre angulaire
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: θεμέλιος / ἀκρογωνιαῖος λίθος
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:20. Standard, stable architectural-theological metaphor; present the apostles’ foundational role as closed/non-repeatable, not an ongoing office (contrast with 4:11’s functional gift-list).
Boldness Of Access
Approved rendering: assurance / pleine liberté
Transliteration: assurance / pleine liberté
Doctrine: Direct Access to the Father
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
Ephesians 3:12; 6:19-20 (Greek parrēsia). French ‘assurance’ can also mean insurance/confidence in a purely secular sense; context readily disambiguates.
Eternal Purpose
Approved rendering: dessein éternel
Transliteration: dessein éternel
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρόθεσις τῶν αἰώνων
Category: God
Ephesians 3:11 (Greek prothesis tōn aiōnōn). Standard theological register; cross-reference with the baseline’s ‘providence’ entry to prevent a deist, impersonal-force reading.
Equipping The Saints
Approved rendering: équipement / perfectionnement (des saints)
Transliteration: équipement / perfectionnement (des saints)
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: καταρτισμός
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:12 (Greek katartismos). Requires a periphrastic rendering since no single French noun captures both the ‘training’ and ‘completing’ senses together.
Maturity In Christ
Approved rendering: homme fait / adulte
Transliteration: homme fait / adulte
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: parfait (wrongly implies sinlessness)
Original: τέλειος
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:13 (Greek teleios). Established Bible-translation idiom ‘un homme fait’ is preferred over a literalistic ‘parfait’.
Renewal Of The Mind
Approved rendering: renouvellement de l’intelligence
Transliteration: renouvellement de l’intelligence
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀνανέωσις / ἀνακαινόω (νοῦς)
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 4:23 (Greek ananeōsis tou noos). Standard theological register, low ambiguity.
Forgive One Another
Approved rendering: pardonner
Transliteration: pardonner
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 4:32 (Greek charizomai). Keep etymologically linked in teaching to charis/grâce so the gift-character of forgiveness, not obligation, is retained.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: une seule chair
Transliteration: une seule chair
Doctrine: Household Codes: Marriage and Christ-Centered Submission
Original: μία σάρξ
Category: Household
Ephesians 5:31 (Greek mia sarx, citing Genesis 2:24). Established Bible-translation idiom; low risk.
Spiritual Wrestling
Approved rendering: lutte
Transliteration: lutte
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πάλη
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:12 (Greek palē). Must preserve the ‘not against flesh and blood, but against…’ contrast so the passage is not misapplied to interpersonal or political conflict.
Belt Of Truth
Approved rendering: ayant mis la vérité comme ceinture
Transliteration: ayant mis la vérité comme ceinture
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: περιζώννυμι τὴν ὀσφὺν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:14a. Direct, standard vocabulary; the ancient ‘girding the loins’ practice may need brief explanation for modern readers.
Gospel Of Peace Shoes
Approved rendering: la préparation de l’Évangile de la paix
Transliteration: la préparation de l’Évangile de la paix
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ἑτοιμασία τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:15. Uniquely combines defensive armor imagery with active gospel proclamation; must reuse baseline ‘Évangile’ and ‘paix’ exactly.
Shield Of Faith
Approved rendering: le bouclier de la foi
Transliteration: le bouclier de la foi
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: θυρεός τῆς πίστεως
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Ephesians 6:16. Must reuse baseline ‘foi’ exactly; faith as active, effective defense, not passive belief.
Ambassador In Chains
Approved rendering: ambassadeur
Transliteration: ambassadeur
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Church
Ephesians 6:20 (Greek presbeuō). Direct, evocative, low risk; cross-reference with baseline ‘apôtre’ as a related concept of delegated, sent authority.
Promise
Approved rendering: promesse
Transliteration: promesse
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
Ephesians 2:12; 6:2 (Greek epangelia). Standard vocabulary; pairs naturally with ‘alliance’.
Offering And Sacrifice
Approved rendering: offrande et sacrifice
Transliteration: offrande et sacrifice
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 5:2. Standard sacrificial vocabulary in French Bible tradition; modern secular readers may need brief OT-sacrifice background.
Vice List Kingdom Exclusion
Approved rendering: immoralité sexuelle, impureté, cupidité, idolâtrie
Transliteration: immoralité sexuelle, impureté, cupidité, idolâtrie
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: πορνεία, ἀκαθαρσία, πλεονεξία, εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:3-5. Standard theological vocabulary; retain the explicit ‘idolatry’ label given to greed (v.5) rather than reducing ‘cupidité’ to a mere personality flaw.
Age Of This World
Approved rendering: siècle / le cours de ce monde
Transliteration: siècle / le cours de ce monde
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Rejected alternatives: siècle (bare, misread as 100-year period)
Ephesians 2:2 (Greek aiōn). Literal ‘siècle’ alone misreads as a 100-year period in modern French; prefer periphrasis ‘le train/cours de ce monde’.
Disobedience
Approved rendering: désobéissance
Transliteration: désobéissance
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Ephesians 2:2 (Greek apeitheia). Retain the corporate-identity idiom ‘fils de désobéissance’, not a single act of disobedience.
Will Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: volontés (de la chair)
Transliteration: volontés (de la chair)
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Ephesians 2:3 (Greek thelēma, negative sense). Same Greek root used positively of God’s will elsewhere in ch.1; disambiguate by context, not by inventing a different French root.
Mind Thoughts
Approved rendering: pensées / intelligence
Transliteration: pensées / intelligence
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Ephesians 2:3; 4:17-18 (Greek dianoia / nous). Keep vocabulary aligned across both passages describing the corrupted mind.
Futility Hardness Of Heart
Approved rendering: futilité / endurcissement (du cœur)
Transliteration: futilité / endurcissement (du cœur)
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Ephesians 4:17-18 (Greek mataiotēs / pōrōsis). Standard vocabulary; cross-reference with the core passage’s depravity description for thematic consistency.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Évangile
Transliteration: Évangile
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: bonne nouvelle (informal only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:13, 3:6, 6:15 (‘Évangile de la paix’), 6:19. Keep ‘Évangile’ unaltered in the armor-of-God shoes metaphor.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apôtre
Transliteration: apôtre
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:1, 2:20, 3:5, 4:11 — used both of Paul’s own office and as one of the foundational offices in the 4:11 gift-list.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: action de grâce
Transliteration: action de grâce
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 1:16; 5:4,20; minor overlap with the Eucharistic ‘action de grâce’ in Catholic liturgy remains non-doctrine-altering.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: prophète
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: voyant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians 2:20; 3:5; 4:11 — the foundational church office and one of the fivefold ministry gifts.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prophétie
Transliteration: prophétie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. No direct lexical occurrence in Ephesians; retained for conceptual continuity with the prophet office (4:11).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Stable across all French traditions; recurs constantly in the fixed collocation ‘Christ Jésus’ throughout Ephesians.
Love Of God
Approved rendering: amour
Transliteration: amour
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
Ephesians 2:4; 3:17-19; 5:2,25. Standard; secular overuse for romantic love poses low risk since theological context disambiguates.
Dwelling Place Of God
Approved rendering: demeure
Transliteration: demeure
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple
Original: κατοικητήριον
Category: Church
Ephesians 2:22 (Greek katoikētērion). Standard, warm, low-risk term.
Unsearchable Riches
Approved rendering: richesses insondables
Transliteration: richesses insondables
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ἀνεξιχνίαστος πλοῦτος
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 3:8 (Greek anexichniaston plouton). Direct, evocative, low risk; keep consistent with other ‘richesses’ (ploutos) occurrences.
Mutual Edification
Approved rendering: édification
Transliteration: édification
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:12,16,29 (Greek oikodomē). Aligns directly with the baseline doctrine name ‘l’édification mutuelle’.
Organic Growth
Approved rendering: croissance
Transliteration: croissance
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: αὔξησις
Category: Church
Ephesians 4:15-16 (Greek auxēsis). Standard, low risk.
Psalms Hymns Spiritual Songs
Approved rendering: psaumes, hymnes et cantiques spirituels
Transliteration: psaumes, hymnes et cantiques spirituels
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ψαλμοί, ὕμνοι, ᾠδαὶ πνευματικαί
Category: Church
Ephesians 5:19. Standard, stable French Bible vocabulary.
Children Obey Honor Parents
Approved rendering: obéir / honorer
Transliteration: obéir / honorer
Doctrine: Household Codes: Parents and Children
Original: ὑπακούω / τιμάω
Category: Household
Ephesians 6:1-2. Standard, low risk; keep conceptually distinct from the baseline’s ‘obéissance de la foi’ despite shared ‘obéir’ root vocabulary.
Fathers Do Not Provoke
Approved rendering: irriter / exaspérer
Transliteration: irriter / exaspérer
Doctrine: Household Codes: Parents and Children
Original: παροργίζω
Category: Household
Ephesians 6:4 (Greek parorgizō). The restraint placed on parental authority, balancing the household code; must not be lost.
Discipline And Instruction
Approved rendering: discipline et instruction (du Seigneur)
Transliteration: discipline et instruction (du Seigneur)
Doctrine: Household Codes: Parents and Children
Original: παιδεία καὶ νουθεσία κυρίου
Category: Household
Ephesians 6:4. Standard vocabulary, low risk.
No Partiality
Approved rendering: favoritisme / partialité
Transliteration: favoritisme / partialité
Doctrine: Household Codes: Masters and Slaves
Original: προσωπολημψία
Category: Household
Ephesians 6:9 (Greek prosōpolēmpsia). Direct, low risk.
Prayer And Supplication
Approved rendering: prière et supplication
Transliteration: prière et supplication
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχή, δέησις
Category: Faith
Ephesians 6:18. Standard, stable vocabulary; sustains and should not be isolated from the armor-of-God passage.
Riches Of Grace
Approved rendering: richesses
Transliteration: richesses
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: πλοῦτος
Category: Salvation
Ephesians 1:7,18; 2:7; 3:8,16 (Greek ploutos). Track consistently across all occurrences; risk is consistency, not lexical ambiguity.
Kindness Of God
Approved rendering: bonté
Transliteration: bonté
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
Ephesians 2:7 (Greek chrēstotēs). Standard, low risk.
Imitators Of God
Approved rendering: imitateurs
Transliteration: imitateurs
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: μιμητής
Category: Sanctification
Ephesians 5:1 (Greek mimētēs). Direct, low risk.
World System
Approved rendering: monde
Transliteration: monde
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Ephesians 2:2 (Greek kosmos). Standard, low risk; context disambiguates system-vs-creation sense.
By Nature
Approved rendering: par nature
Transliteration: par nature
Doctrine: Total Spiritual Death (Depravity)
Ephesians 2:3 (Greek physis). Direct, low risk; emphasizes the condition is innate/universal.
Demonstrate Gods Grace
Approved rendering: manifester / démontrer
Transliteration: manifester / démontrer
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Ephesians 2:7 (Greek endeiknymi). Direct, low risk; God’s purpose is public, eternal display, not merely private rescue.
Surpassing Riches Of Grace
Approved rendering: incomparables / infinies
Transliteration: incomparables / infinies
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Ephesians 2:7 (Greek hyperballon). Direct, low risk; intensifies ‘richesses’.
Christ Jesus
Approved rendering: Christ Jésus / Jésus-Christ
Transliteration: Christ Jésus / Jésus-Christ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Recurs throughout Ephesians as the letter’s fixed name-title collocation (1:1, 2:6-7, 2:10, 3:6, etc.). Standard, established French Bible convention; retain as a fixed proper-name unit, never abbreviated or reordered inconsistently.
Referenced passages