Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis — 2 Timothy (English → French)
Purpose
This document maps every Old Testament quotation and allusion, every messianic reference, every typological pattern, and every significant parallel to the destination language’s existing curriculum (Romans) found across the whole of 2 Timothy, chapters 1–4. It exists to (a) prevent Phase 2 from rendering the same underlying quotation or theological formula two different ways across curricula, and (b) surface theological connective tissue that the AI translation system must preserve, not flatten, when moving between lessons.
Citations are given in normalizable Book Chapter:Verse form (e.g., “2 Timothy 3:16”, “Genesis 15:6”) so that Phase 2 tooling can machine-match references across documents regardless of French book-name conventions (see baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md for the French book-name table: Romans = Romains, etc.; 2 Timothy = 2 Timothée).
Every chapter of 2 Timothy is represented below. Where a verse range contributes no cross-reference load beyond what is already captured, it is folded into the nearest relevant entry rather than omitted, per full-book-coverage mandate.
PART 1 — Cross-Reference Matrix
Legend for Connection Type: Q = direct/near-verbatim OT quotation; A = allusion/echo; T = typology; P = NT parallel (including intra-Pauline or Romans-curriculum parallel).
| # | 2 Timothy Passage | Theme(s) | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Timothy 1:1 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Paul | P — Romans 1:1-2 (apostleship “according to the promise of life” parallels Paul’s apostleship “by the will of God… according to the holy scriptures”) | Low. “Promesse de la vie” must be anchored to eternal/resurrection life, not biological life (see 07 semantic analysis). |
| 2 | 2 Timothy 1:2 | (Salutation; Grace) | Paul, Timothy | P — cf. Romans 1:7 “grace…and peace” (no “mercy” there); 1 Timothy 1:2, Titus 1:4 (Pastoral-epistle triad “grace, mercy, peace”) | Medium. Note the Pastoral-epistle triad differs from Romans’s binary “grâce et paix”; do not collapse “miséricorde” into “grâce” for economy. |
| 3 | 2 Timothy 1:3 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Paul | P — Romans 9:1 (“my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost”) — same “pure conscience” self-testimony pattern | Medium. “Conscience” must be anchored relationally to God, not mere self-satisfaction, consistent across both curricula. |
| 4 | 2 Timothy 1:5 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Lois, Eunice, Timothy | T — Deuteronomy 6:6-7; Deuteronomy 4:9-10 (household transmission of the Law to children as the OT type of household transmission of the gospel) | Low. Household-piety typology; no rendering risk, but should be flagged in teaching notes as the OT root of this doctrine. |
| 5 | 2 Timothy 1:6 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Paul, Timothy | T — Numbers 27:18-23; Deuteronomy 34:9 (Moses’s commissioning of Joshua by laying on of hands, as the type of Timothy’s commissioning) | Medium. “Imposition des mains” carries Catholic sacramental-ordination weight (Holy Orders); do not over-specify toward one tradition’s ordination theology (per 07 analysis note). |
| 6 | 2 Timothy 1:7 | (Spiritual Gifts background) | Paul, Timothy | A — Isaiah 11:2 (the Spirit resting on the messianic figure: wisdom, might); P — Romans 8:15 (“spirit of adoption,” contrasted with a “spirit of bondage/fear”) | Medium. “Esprit de crainte” vs. “Esprit de puissance, d’amour, de maîtrise de soi” — keep the fear/power contrast sharp, echoing Romans 8:15’s bondage/adoption contrast structurally. |
| 7 | 2 Timothy 1:8 | Perseverance under Suffering; The Charge to Preach the Word | Paul, Timothy | P — CRITICAL — verbatim thematic echo of Romans 1:16, “I am not ashamed of the gospel” | High. Must render “be not ashamed” with the same verb family as Romans 1:16’s “n’avoir pas honte de l’Évangile.” Cross-curriculum consistency required — see Rule R1 below. |
| 8 | 2 Timothy 1:9 | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Assurance of Reward (foundation) | Paul, Timothy | P — CRITICAL — Romans 9:11 (“not of works, but of him that calleth”); Romans 8:28-29 (“purpose,” πρόθεσις); Ephesians 2:8-9; Titus 3:5 | High. “Selon son propre dessein et sa grâce” must not be softened toward a cooperative or merit-conditioned reading; grounds all later reward language (4:8, 4:14) as grace-consistent — see Rule R2. |
| 9 | 2 Timothy 1:10 | (Resurrection background) | Christ | A — Isaiah 25:8 (“he will swallow up death in victory”); P — 1 Corinthians 15:54-57 (direct quotation of Isaiah 25:8 and Hosea 13:14); Romans 6:9 (“death hath no more dominion over him”) | Medium. “A aboli la mort” must convey decisive, accomplished victory, matching the Isaiah 25:8 background even though not directly quoted here. |
| 10 | 2 Timothy 1:12 | Perseverance under Suffering | Paul | A — Psalm 31:5 / Luke 23:46 (entrusting oneself into God’s keeping under threat) | Low. “Je sais en qui j’ai cru” — trust language, no significant rendering risk. |
| 11 | 2 Timothy 1:13-14 | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Paul, Timothy | P — internal forward link to 2 Timothy 4:3 (“sound doctrine,” same hygiainō root); internal forward link to 2 Timothy 2:2 (“that good thing… committed,” same parathēkē root) | High. Establishes the “good deposit” (dépôt) vocabulary that recurs at 2:2 and functions as the letter’s spine term — see Rule R3. |
| 12 | 2 Timothy 1:16-18 | Assurance of Reward (background) | Onesiphorus | P — Matthew 25:31-46 (final judgment scene); Romans 2:16 (“the day when God shall judge”) | Low. “En ce jour-là” (that day) is standard eschatological-judgment idiom in French; no distortion risk. |
| 13 | 2 Timothy 2:2 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel; Guarding Sound Doctrine | Paul, Timothy | T — Deuteronomy 31:9-13 (Moses committing the Law to the priests, to be read to all the people in each generation — the OT type of doctrinal transmission across generations) | High. “Confie” (entrust) must retain the trustee/safekeeping force. This is the doctrinal center of Faithful Transmission of the Gospel — see Rule R3. |
| 14 | 2 Timothy 2:3-6 | Perseverance under Suffering | (generic images) | P — 1 Corinthians 9:24-27 (athletic-contest image); conceptual parallel to Romans 8:35-37 (“more than conquerors”) | Low. Soldier/athlete/farmer images translate cleanly into French with no distortion (see 07 analysis). |
| 15 | 2 Timothy 2:8 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel; (Christology) | Jesus Christ (Messiah) | Q/P — CRITICAL — near-verbatim reuse of the Romans 1:3-4 creedal formula: Davidic descent + resurrection; messianic root: 2 Samuel 7:12-16, Psalm 89:3-4, Isaiah 11:1, Jeremiah 23:5, Psalm 132:11 | Critical. “Descendance de David” [REUSED verbatim from Romans 1:3 baseline] — no deviation permitted. This is the clearest direct textual link between the two curricula — see Rule R4. |
| 16 | 2 Timothy 2:10 | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Assurance of Reward | Paul, “the elect” | P — HIGH — Romans 8:28-30, 9:11, 11:5-7 (election/effectual calling language) | High. “Élus / élection” — French political-election collision risk per baseline; must reuse the baseline’s disambiguating framing consistently — see Rule R5. |
| 17 | 2 Timothy 2:11-13 | Assurance of Reward | Paul, Timothy, believers | P — HIGH — Romans 6:8 (“if we be dead with Christ… we shall also live with him”); Romans 8:17 (“if so be that we suffer with him… glorified together”); Matthew 10:33/Luke 12:9 (Christ’s own denial-saying); Numbers 23:19 and Romans 3:3-4 (God’s faithfulness despite human unfaithfulness) | High. Genuine assurance-vs-warning tension (deny/denies vs. faithless/faithful). Flag for theologian review wherever taught — same as baseline’s Romans 2:11-13 note. |
| 18 | 2 Timothy 2:15 | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Timothy | A — Psalm 119:105 (“thy word is a lamp”) — general wisdom-tradition background, not a direct quotation | Medium-High. “Dispenser droitement la parole de vérité” — the road/craftsman image behind orthotomeō is not self-evident in French; gloss recommended. |
| 19 | 2 Timothy 2:17-18 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days; Guarding Sound Doctrine | Hymenaeus, Philetus | P — inverse parallel to 1 Corinthians 15:12 (there, denial of resurrection outright; here, an over-realized “resurrection is past already” error) | High. Illustrates orthodox vocabulary (résurrection) corrupted in use — flag as a teaching point, not merely a translation issue. |
| 20 | 2 Timothy 2:19a | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Assurance of Reward | (the church/“foundation of God”) | Q — Numbers 16:5 LXX, “the Lord knoweth them that are his,” quoted directly; typological background: Korah’s rebellion, God’s discernment of the true remnant amid a false claim to leadership | High. Direct OT quotation — render with the same “le Seigneur connaît les siens” phrasing used wherever this Numbers 16:5 text might recur in other curricula. See Rule R6. |
| 21 | 2 Timothy 2:19b | Guarding Sound Doctrine | (believers) | A — Isaiah 52:11 (“depart ye, depart ye… be ye clean, that bear the vessels of the LORD”), directly quoted elsewhere in the NT at 2 Corinthians 6:17 | High. If a future curriculum covers 2 Corinthians 6:17, the French rendering of “depart from iniquity / be clean” must be checked for consistency with this verse’s echo. Flag for cross-curriculum reviewer note. |
| 22 | 2 Timothy 2:20-21 | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Assurance of Reward | (the household of God) | P — HIGH — Romans 9:21-23 (potter/vessels of mercy and wrath); background typology: Jeremiah 18:1-6 (potter and clay) | High. “Vase/récipient” (vessel) imagery must be rendered consistently with however Romans 9:21-23’s vessel language was handled, since both passages use the same σκεῦος word family. See Rule R7. |
| 23 | 2 Timothy 2:22 | Perseverance under Suffering; Guarding Sound Doctrine | Timothy | A — Psalm 24:4 (“clean hands, and a pure heart”); P — Romans 10:12-13 (“whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved,” itself quoting Joel 2:32) | Medium. “Ceux qui invoquent le Seigneur d’un cœur pur” — preserve the “calling on the Lord’s name” phrase identically to how Romans 10:13 renders it. |
| 24 | 2 Timothy 2:25-26 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | (the doctrinally confused) | A — Psalm 124:7 (“the snare is broken, and we are escaped”) | Low. “Piège” — vivid, direct, no distortion risk. |
| 25 | 2 Timothy 3:1-5 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | (generic “men”) | P — HIGH — near-verbatim literary and lexical overlap with Romans 1:29-31’s vice catalogue (ἀλαζόνας/ἀλαζόνες “boasters,” ὑπερηφάνους/ὑπερήφανοι “proud,” ἀπειθεῖς γονεῖσιν “disobedient to parents” appear in both lists in close to identical Greek form); also Galatians 5:19-21 | High. This is the single richest Romans-parallel in the book. French renderings of shared vice-terms (orgueilleux, arrogants, désobéissants envers leurs parents, etc.) must match whatever renderings were fixed for the Romans 1:29-31 list, if that list exists in a Romans lesson document. See Rule R8. |
| 26 | 2 Timothy 3:6-7 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | (“silly women,” false teachers) | P — Jude 4; 2 Peter 2:14 (false teachers preying on the unstable) | Medium. Sensitivity note carried from 07 analysis: French rendering must not sound broadly misogynistic; anchor to the passage’s own positive counter-models (Lois, Eunice, 1:5). |
| 27 | 2 Timothy 3:8 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | Jannes, Jambres (type); Moses (antitype’s model) | T — Exodus 7:11-12, 22; 8:7, 18-19; 9:11 (Egyptian court magicians opposing Moses with counterfeit signs) | Low (names); High (typological weight) — teaching material should make explicit that this is a recurring pattern (opposition to God’s true spokesman), not a novel end-times phenomenon. Standard French forms: Jannès, Jambrès. |
| 28 | 2 Timothy 3:11 | Perseverance under Suffering | Paul | A — Psalm 34:19 LXX (33:20), “many are the afflictions of the righteous, but the LORD delivereth him out of them all” — near-verbatim echo | Medium. “Le Seigneur m’a délivré de toutes” should echo the Psalm 34:19 cadence where that Psalm is used elsewhere in this language’s Bible-study corpus. |
| 29 | 2 Timothy 3:12 | Perseverance under Suffering | (all who live godly) | P — Matthew 5:10-12 (Beatitudes, persecution for righteousness); John 15:20; Acts 14:22; Romans 8:17 | Low. Standard persecution-for-righteousness theme, well-attested across French Bible tradition. |
| 30 | 2 Timothy 3:14-17 | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture (core doctrine) | Timothy (formed by Lois/Eunice) | P — CRITICAL — Romans 1:2 (“promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures”); Romans 15:4 (“written aforetime… for our learning”); 2 Peter 1:20-21 (“holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost”); Psalm 119:89, 105, 130 | Critical. This is the doctrinal anchor of the whole curriculum. French rendering of “inspirée de Dieu” / “l’Écriture” must be consistent with, and doctrinally continuous with, the baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture doctrine entry (Romans 1:2, 15:4). See Rule R9. |
| 31 | 2 Timothy 3:17 | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture; The Charge to Preach the Word | (the Scripture-formed believer) | T — 1 Kings 13:1; 17:18, 24; 2 Kings 4:7, 9, 16, 21; Deuteronomy 33:1 (Moses); 2 Chronicles 8:14 (David) — the OT prophetic-office title “man of God” reapplied here to any Scripture-equipped believer | Low (rendering); Medium (teaching significance) — worth noting the title’s OT prophetic pedigree in teaching material, since “l’homme de Dieu” otherwise reads as a generic phrase in French. |
| 32 | 2 Timothy 4:1 | The Charge to Preach the Word; Assurance of Reward | Christ (Judge) | P — Acts 10:42; 1 Peter 4:5; John 5:22; Romans 14:9-10 (“Lord of both the dead and living… judgment seat of Christ”) | Medium-High. “Les vivants et les morts” also matches the Apostles’ Creed’s “juger les vivants et les morts” — an ecumenical liturgical anchor point shared by both Catholic and Protestant French tradition; preserve this exact phrase. |
| 33 | 2 Timothy 4:2 | The Charge to Preach the Word | Timothy | P/A — Jeremiah 1:17 (“speak all that I command thee”); Ezekiel 3:17-19 (watchman commission); Isaiah 6:8-9 | Medium. “Prêche la parole” — OT prophetic-commissioning background reinforces the herald sense against secular “prêcher” drift (see 07 analysis). |
| 34 | 2 Timothy 4:3-4 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | (those with itching ears) | A — Isaiah 30:9-11 (“speak unto us smooth things”); Jeremiah 5:31; Micah 2:11 (OT prophetic critique of people who prefer comfortable falsehood to true prophecy) | Medium. This OT prophetic-critique background should be surfaced in teaching material — the “itching ears” phenomenon is not a NT novelty but a recurring covenant-people pattern. |
| 35 | 2 Timothy 4:6 | Perseverance under Suffering | Paul | T/A — Numbers 28:7 (drink/libation offerings); Genesis 35:14 (Jacob’s libation); P — Philippians 2:17 (“if I be offered upon the sacrifice”); Acts 20:24 | Medium. Sacrificial-libation image is not a live French cultural reference; recommend explanatory gloss so the deliberate, worshipful tone is not lost. |
| 36 | 2 Timothy 4:7 | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | Paul | P — 1 Corinthians 9:24-27; Hebrews 12:1 (“run with patience the race”); Acts 20:24 | Low. “J’ai combattu le bon combat” is an established, widely recognized French idiom even in secular usage. |
| 37 | 2 Timothy 4:8 | Assurance of Reward (core doctrine) | Paul; “all them…that love his appearing” | P — HIGH — James 1:12; Revelation 2:10 (“crown of life”); 1 Peter 5:4 (“crown of glory”); 1 Corinthians 9:25 (“incorruptible crown”); Isaiah 28:5 (the LORD as “a crown of glory”) | High. “Couronne de justice” — must be actively guarded against a merit-earns-salvation misreading; pair every occurrence with the grace foundation of 1:9. See Rule R2. |
| 38 | 2 Timothy 4:10 | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | Demas | P — 1 John 2:15 (“love not the world”); Luke 8:14 (parable of the sower, thorns choking the word); cross-reference Colossians 4:14, Philemon 1:24 (Demas named there as a still-faithful companion, showing his later defection) | Medium. “Le présent siècle” vs. “le monde présent” — prefer the more transparent “le monde présent” for general audiences (per 07 analysis). |
| 39 | 2 Timothy 4:11 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel (restoration motif) | Luke, Mark, Barnabas (implied) | P — Acts 15:37-39 (the earlier Paul-Barnabas dispute over Mark, here resolved) | Low. A relational-continuity note for teaching material; no significant rendering risk. |
| 40 | 2 Timothy 4:14 | Assurance of Reward (negative counterpart) | Alexander the coppersmith | Q/P — HIGH — Psalm 62:12 LXX (61:13), “thou renderest to every man according to his work”; Proverbs 24:12; near-identical parallel to Romans 2:6, “who will render to every man according to his deeds” | High. Same Greek verb family (ἀποδίδωμι) and same OT source as Romans 2:6. French rendering “rendra à chacun selon ses œuvres” must match however Romans 2:6 was rendered in the Romans curriculum. See Rule R10. |
| 41 | 2 Timothy 4:16 | Perseverance under Suffering | Paul | T — Acts 7:60 (Stephen’s dying prayer, “Lord, lay not this sin to their charge”), itself patterned on Luke 23:34 (Christ’s word from the cross, “Father, forgive them”) | Medium. A Christ → Stephen → Paul typological chain of martyr-forgiveness; worth surfacing in teaching material as a pattern, not merely an isolated sentiment. |
| 42 | 2 Timothy 4:17 | The Charge to Preach the Word; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Paul | A/T — Isaiah 49:6 (“a light to the Gentiles”); Acts 9:15 (“a chosen vessel… to bear my name before the Gentiles”); Psalm 22:21 LXX (21:22, “save me from the lion’s mouth”); Daniel 6:16-23 (Daniel delivered from the lions — typological parallel) | Medium. “Délivré de la gueule du lion” translates naturally; the Gentile-mission echo (Isaiah 49:6) connects to the same OT catena undergirding Romans 15:9-12. |
| 43 | 2 Timothy 4:18 | Assurance of Reward | Paul | P — standard Pauline doxology formula, cf. Romans 11:36, Romans 16:27, Galatians 1:5, Philippians 4:20 | High (consistency, not doctrine). “À qui soit la gloire aux siècles des siècles. Amen” must match the doxology phrasing established for Romans 11:36/16:27 wherever this curriculum’s material is used alongside Romans lessons. See Rule R11. |
| 44 | 2 Timothy 4:19-21 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel (fellowship background) | Prisca (Priscille), Aquila, Onesiphorus’s household, Erastus, Trophimus, Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, Claudia | P — character continuity — Prisca and Aquila are the same named couple greeted at Romans 16:3-5 and mentioned at Acts 18:2, 1 Corinthians 16:19 | Medium. Cross-curriculum name-form consistency required: whichever French form (Prisca/Priscille) is used for this couple in Romans-curriculum material must be used identically here. See Rule R12. |
| 45 | 2 Timothy 4:22 | (Closing benediction; Grace) | Paul, Timothy | P — standard Pauline closing benediction, cf. Romans 16:20 (“the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you”), Galatians 6:18, Philippians 4:23 | High. “La grâce soit avec vous” must reuse the exact benediction phrasing established for Romans’s closing verses. See Rule R11. |
PART 2 — Messianic References Summary
| Reference | Location in 2 Timothy | OT Root(s) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| ”Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, raised from the dead” | 2:8 | 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Psalm 89:3-4; Isaiah 11:1; Jeremiah 23:5; Psalm 132:11 | The letter’s single clearest messianic-fulfillment statement; verbally near-identical to Romans 1:3-4’s creedal formula. |
| ”the righteous Judge” | 4:8 | Isaiah 11:3-5; Psalm 96:13; Psalm 98:9 | Christ’s eschatological judgeship fulfills OT expectation of a coming righteous judge. |
| ”a crown of righteousness… a light to the Gentiles” trajectory | 4:8, 4:17 | Isaiah 28:5; Isaiah 49:6 | Reward and mission both draw on messianic-age imagery. |
| ”who shall judge the quick and the dead” | 4:1 | Daniel 7:9-14 (the Ancient of Days / Son of Man given judgment authority); Psalm 96:13 | Grounds the charge to preach in Christ’s messianic judicial authority. |
PART 3 — Typological Patterns Summary
| Type (OT) | Antitype/Fulfillment (2 Timothy) | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| Moses commissioning Joshua (Numbers 27:18-23; Deuteronomy 34:9) | Paul commissioning Timothy (1:6) | Transmission of ministry authority through a recognized act of commissioning. |
| Moses committing the Law to the priests for every generation (Deuteronomy 31:9-13) | Paul entrusting sound teaching to Timothy, to faithful men, to others (2:2) | Multi-generational chain of faithful transmission. |
| Egyptian magicians Jannes and Jambres opposing Moses (Exodus 7-9) | Hymenaeus, Philetus, and the last-days deceivers opposing sound doctrine (2:17-18; 3:8, 13) | Recurring pattern: counterfeit religious authority arising to oppose God’s true spokesman. |
| OT title “man of God” (1 Kings 13; 2 Kings 4; Deuteronomy 33:1; 2 Chronicles 8:14) | The Scripture-formed believer/minister (3:17) | Prophetic-office language broadened to every Scripture-equipped servant of God. |
| Daniel delivered from the lions (Daniel 6) | Paul “delivered out of the mouth of the lion” (4:17) | Faithful sufferer rescued by God in the midst of mortal danger. |
| Christ’s prayer for his killers (Luke 23:34); Stephen’s dying prayer (Acts 7:60) | Paul’s prayer that his abandonment “not be laid to their charge” (4:16) | Martyr-forgiveness pattern extended through the apostolic generation. |
PART 4 — Parallels to the Romans Curriculum (Cross-Curriculum Consistency Map)
| 2 Timothy Passage | Romans Passage | Shared Concept | Consistency Requirement |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:8 | Romans 1:16 | Not ashamed of the gospel/its afflictions | Same verb family for “ashamed” |
| 1:9 | Romans 9:11; 8:28-29 | Grace/calling not according to works | ”Grâce,” “appel,” “dessein” reused exactly per baseline |
| 2:8 | Romans 1:3-4 | Davidic descent + resurrection creedal formula | ”Descendance de David” verbatim reuse |
| 2:10 | Romans 8:28-30; 9:11; 11:5-7 | Election language | ”Élection/élus” with baseline’s political-collision disambiguation |
| 2:11-13 | Romans 3:3-4; 6:8; 8:17 | God’s faithfulness; dying/living with Christ | Theologian review required both places |
| 2:19 | (Numbers 16:5, shared OT source) | “The Lord knows those who are his” | Identical French rendering wherever this OT text recurs |
| 2:20-21 | Romans 9:21-23 | Potter/vessel imagery | Identical “vase/récipient” vocabulary |
| 2:22 | Romans 10:12-13 | Calling on the Lord’s name | Identical phrase “invoquer le Seigneur” |
| 3:1-5 | Romans 1:29-31 | Vice catalogue, several near-identical Greek terms | Identical French vice-term renderings |
| 3:14-17 | Romans 1:2; 15:4 | Inspiration/sufficiency of Scripture | Doctrinally continuous rendering, both flagged Critical/High |
| 4:1 | Romans 14:9-10 | Christ as universal Judge, living and dead | Identical “les vivants et les morts” |
| 4:8, 4:14 | Romans 2:6 | ”Render to each according to his works” | Identical French rendering of ἀποδίδωμι |
| 4:18, 4:22 | Romans 11:36; 16:20, 27 | Closing doxology/benediction formula | Identical French phrasing |
| 4:19 | Romans 16:3-5 | Prisca and Aquila (same named couple) | Identical French name form |
Note for future curricula: this table’s structure (Passage / Romans Passage / Shared Concept / Consistency Requirement) should be extended, not replaced, when additional books are added to this language’s curriculum library.
PART 5 — Rendering-Consistency Rules for Shared Quotations and Formulas
R1. “Not ashamed of the gospel/its afflictions” (2 Timothy 1:8; cf. Romans 1:16): render “ashamed” with the same French verb (“avoir honte de”) in both curricula; do not introduce a synonym.
R2. Grace-not-works foundation (2 Timothy 1:9; cf. Romans 9:11, 11:5-6): every subsequent reward/crown/recompense passage in 2 Timothy (4:8, 4:14) must be taught and rendered so as never to imply the believer’s standing before God is works-based. This is the same theological guardrail as the baseline’s “grace ≠ merit” rule for Romans 4 and 11:5-6, extended to this curriculum’s reward theology.
R3. The “good deposit” (παραθήκη, 2 Timothy 1:14, 2:2): render consistently as “dépôt” throughout this curriculum (not varied with “trésor,” “héritage,” etc.), with a first-occurrence teaching gloss (“un dépôt précieux confié, comme on confie un trésor à un dépositaire de confiance”) to counter the default French banking-term reading.
R4. “Seed of David” (2 Timothy 2:8): render as “descendance de David,” identical to the baseline Romans 1:3 rendering, with zero deviation. This is a Critical-risk formula shared verbatim across curricula.
R5. Election language (2 Timothy 2:10; cf. Romans 8:28-30, 9:11-12, 11:29): render “élection/élu(s)” and always retain (or supply, if a general-audience document) the baseline’s disambiguating clarification that this is God’s sovereign, gracious choice, not a political/democratic process.
R6. “The Lord knows those who are his” (2 Timothy 2:19, quoting Numbers 16:5): fix as “le Seigneur connaît les siens.” If any future curriculum in this language quotes Numbers 16:5 directly, this exact phrase must be reused.
R7. Potter/vessel imagery (2 Timothy 2:20-21; cf. Romans 9:21-23): render “σκεῦος” consistently as “vase” (preferred) or “récipient” (acceptable alternate) across both passages — do not use one term in Romans and a different one in 2 Timothy.
R8. Vice catalogues (2 Timothy 3:1-5; cf. Romans 1:29-31): wherever a French rendering for a specific vice term (e.g., “boasters/ἀλαζόνες,” “proud/ὑπερήφανοι,” “disobedient to parents/γονεῖσιν ἀπειθεῖς”) already exists from the Romans curriculum’s translation work, reuse it here without variation, since the underlying Greek terms are shared or near-identical.
R9. Inspiration/sufficiency of Scripture (2 Timothy 3:14-17; cf. Romans 1:2, 15:4): this curriculum’s treatment of “l’Écriture” and “inspirée de Dieu” must be doctrinally continuous with — never in tension with — the baseline inspiration_of_scripture doctrine entry. Both are Critical/High risk and require theologian review.
R10. “Render to each according to his works” (2 Timothy 4:8, 4:14; cf. Romans 2:6, quoting Psalm 62:12/Proverbs 24:12): render ἀποδίδωμι-family verbs identically in both curricula (“rendra/rétribuera selon ses œuvres”), and in both places pair the phrase with a teaching clarification distinguishing just divine recompense from the believer’s grace-based standing (see R2).
R11. Closing doxology and benediction formulas (2 Timothy 4:18, 4:22; cf. Romans 11:36, 16:20, 16:27): reuse the exact French doxology/benediction phrasing established for Romans’s closing verses (“à qui soit la gloire aux siècles des siècles. Amen”; “la grâce soit avec vous/toi”) without variation.
R12. Named individuals shared across curricula (Prisca/Aquila, 2 Timothy 4:19; cf. Romans 16:3-5): use the identical French name form chosen for the Romans curriculum (Prisca or Priscille — confirm the Romans-curriculum choice before finalizing this curriculum’s rendering) so that a learner recognizes the same historical persons across both books.
End of Cross-Reference Analysis. Feeds 10_biblical_theme_map.md and the Phase 2 translation memory update for this curriculum.