Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Zechariah (French)
A. Reused Baseline Terms (Romans Translation Memory — Apply Exactly, No Deviation)
| Term (Eng) | French Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine Link(s) in Zechariah | Key Zechariah Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | grâce | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | Zacharie 12:10 (“esprit de grâce et de supplication”) | Reuse exactly; do not soften to “faveur.” |
| covenant | alliance | High (Zech context) | Restoration; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 9:11; 11:10 | Reuse exactly. |
| holy | saint | High (Zech context) | Restoration; God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 8:3 (“montagne sainte”); 14:20-21 | Reuse exactly. |
| salvation | salut | Medium (Zech context, see also new entry “saved/victorious” below) | Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:9 (root concept only — see distinct new entry for the passive participle form) | The noun “salut” is reused where applicable; the specific grammatical form in 9:9 (נוֹשָׁע) requires its own entry below because it is a passive participle, not the abstract noun. |
| righteousness | justice | High (Zech context) | Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:9 (“juste”) | The adjective “juste” derives from this baseline noun family; keep register consistent. |
| sin | péché | High (Zech context) | The Piercing; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 13:1 | Reuse exactly; guard against colloquial trivialization as flagged in baseline. |
| Israel | Israël | Medium | Restoration; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 1:19; 8:13; 9:1; 12:1 | Reuse exactly; historical/theological referent, not the modern nation-state. |
| Jerusalem | Jérusalem | Medium (new note: political sensitivity, as with Israël) | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | throughout | Reuse exactly; add the same contemporary-political-sensitivity caution the baseline applies to “Israël.” |
| glory | gloire | Medium | Sovereign Plan; God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 2:5 (implicit — “a wall of fire…and glory in her midst”) | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | Esprit Saint | Critical (baseline) — see distinct new entry “my Spirit” below | Sovereign Plan | (background only; Zechariah uses “my Spirit,” not the fixed NT phrase) | Do not force this exact phrase onto Zechariah’s “רוּחִי / my Spirit” — see new entry below for the distinct grammatical form. |
| peace | paix | Low | Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:10 | Reuse exactly. |
| gentiles | païens | Medium (flagged for non-default use here) | Coming Messianic King; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 9:10 (avoid); 2:11 (avoid) | Do not default to this baseline rendering in Zechariah’s positive universal-peace contexts (9:10; 2:11; 8:22-23); use the new entry “nations” instead. Retained here only to document the deliberate deviation and its rationale. |
B. New Terms Proposed for the Zechariah Curriculum
| Term (Eng gloss) | Hebrew / Transliteration | French Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link(s) | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Rationale / Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LORD (YHWH, the Divine Name) | יהוה / YHWH | l’Éternel | Critical | All five doctrines (foundational) | Passim (130+ occurrences) | “le SEIGNEUR” (TOB/BJ small-caps convention, documented as ecumenical alternative, not mixed within this curriculum) | Highest-frequency theological decision in the book; must be visually and doctrinally distinguished from “Seigneur” = kyrios/adonai in NT materials. Mandatory translator’s preface note. |
| LORD of hosts | יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת / YHWH Tsevaot | l’Éternel des armées | High | Sovereign Plan; God’s Zeal for Zion | Opens nearly every oracle (e.g., 1:3, 4, 12, 14, 16, 17; 8:2-23 repeatedly) | “le Seigneur de l’univers” (TOB); “le Seigneur Sabaot” (BJ, transliteration) | Risk of militaristic misreading against the book’s peace-to-nations theme (9:10); requires a clarifying teaching note on “cosmic sovereignty,” not literal warfare endorsement. |
| your king (Messianic) | מַלְכֵּךְ / malkekh | ton roi | High | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:9 | — | Bare lexeme is simple; doctrinal weight (Davidic/messianic office) is high. Cross-reference to baseline “Fils de Dieu”/“Seigneur” entries when taught with NT fulfillment. |
| saved / having salvation (passive participle) | נוֹשָׁע / nosha | sauvé (recommended) | Critical | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:9 | ”victorieux” (Segond tradition — rejected as importing an active-conqueror sense not present in the Hebrew niphal passive form) | Distinct grammatical form from the baseline noun “salut”; the Hebrew passive requires a God-dependent, humble reading of the king, not a self-achieved military victory. Mandatory theologian review. |
| humble (of the king) | עָנִי / ani | humble | Medium | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:9 | ”pauvre” (too narrowly economic) | Preserve the meek, non-self-asserting royal character; matches NT πραΰς (Matthew 21:5). |
| donkey / colt | חֲמוֹר / עַיִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנוֹת | âne / ânon, le petit d’une ânesse | Low-Medium | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:9 | — | Preserve the peace-versus-war-horse contrast; note the Hebrew poetic parallelism (not necessarily two distinct animals). |
| nations (positive, universal sense) | גּוֹיִם / goyim | nations | High (deliberate deviation from baseline “païens”) | The Coming Messianic King; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 2:11; 8:22-23; 9:10 | ”païens” (baseline default for Romans’ ἔθνη — rejected here as it would undercut the positive universal-peace/ingathering sense) | The baseline itself documents “païens” as pejorative in modern French; that pejorative force actively contradicts Zechariah’s positive universal-peace and ingathering announcements. |
| dominion / reign (of the king) | מָשַׁל / mashal (מָשְׁלוֹ) | domination / règne | Medium | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:10 | — | Avoid a narrowly political/territorial nation-state reading. |
| Angel of the LORD | מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה / mal’akh YHWH | l’ange de l’Éternel | High | Sovereign Plan; Coming Messianic King (background) | Zacharie 1:11-12; 3:1-6 | ”un ange” (generic — rejected, loses the definite, unique office) | Distinct, recurring divine-agent figure across the night visions; flag for theologian review when its identity is discussed. |
| jealous/zeal for Zion | קִנְאָה / qin’ah | jaloux / jalousie (with mandatory clarifying gloss “amour ardent et protecteur”) | Critical | God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 1:14; 8:2 | unglossed “jaloux” alone (rejected as liable to read as petty romantic possessiveness/envy in contemporary French) | The single most distinctively French cultural collision in this curriculum, parallel to the baseline’s “élection.” Every occurrence requires a clarifying gloss. |
| I will dwell in your midst | שָׁכַן / shakhan | habiter au milieu de | Medium-High | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | Zacharie 2:10 (Heb 2:14); 8:3 | ”vivre dans” (too flat/locational) | Shekinah-presence resonance; keep relational/presential force. |
| Satan / the Accuser | הַשָּׂטָן / ha-satan | Satan (with translator’s note: “l’Accusateur”) | Medium-High | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 3:1-2 | bare “l’adversaire” alone without the established proper-name form (rejected as under-signaling the figure to a general readership) | Guard against over-importing the fully developed NT/popular-culture devil figure into this earlier court-scene text. |
| filthy garments / festal robes | בְּגָדִים צֹאִים / מַחֲלָצוֹת | vêtements souillés / vêtements de fête (purs) | Medium-High | Sovereign Plan; Coming Messianic King (typological) | Zacharie 3:3-5 | — | Resonance with imputed-righteousness imagery; note without conflating grammatical forms. |
| the Branch | צֶמַח / Tsemach | le Germe | Critical | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 3:8; 6:12 | ”le Rejeton” (documented ecumenical/TOB-family alternative; not to be mixed with “le Germe” within this curriculum) | Fixed messianic title; must be capitalized consistently every occurrence. |
| not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit | חַיִל / כֹּחַ / רוּחַ | ni par la puissance ni par la force, mais par mon Esprit | High | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 4:6 | collapsing “mon Esprit” into “l’Esprit Saint” (rejected — distinct grammatical form; note theological continuity without conflation) | Programmatic statement for the Sovereign Plan doctrine; reuse baseline “puissance de Dieu” register for חַיִל. |
| eyes of the LORD (providence) | עֵינֵי יְהוָה / einei YHWH | les yeux de l’Éternel | Medium | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 4:10 | — | Guard against a deist “watching from a distance” misreading, per baseline’s “providence” caution. |
| plumb line / capstone | אֶבֶן הַבְּדִיל / הָאֶבֶן הָרֹאשָׁה | le fil à plomb / la pierre du faîte | Low-Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | Zacharie 4:9-10 | — | Construction-completion imagery for the Second Temple. |
| flying scroll / curse | מְגִלָּה עָפָה / אָלָה | rouleau volant / malédiction | Low-Medium | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 5:1-4 | — | Community-justice vision within the night-vision cycle. |
| ephah / Wickedness personified | אֵיפָה / רִשְׁעָה | épha / la Méchanceté | Medium | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 5:5-11 | — | Grammatical feminine personification; clarifying note recommended to prevent misogynistic misreading. |
| four chariots / four winds of heaven | מַרְכָּבוֹת / רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמָיִם | chars / les quatre vents des cieux | Medium | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 6:1-8 | — | Cross-reference (not identification) with Revelation’s four horsemen for teaching continuity. |
| crowns (Joshua’s coronation) | עֲטָרוֹת / atarot | couronnes | Medium | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 6:11-14 | — | Textual-plural note (possible original second crown for Zerubbabel) for reviewer awareness. |
| a priest on his throne / counsel of peace (king-priest fusion) | כֹהֵן עַל־כִּסְאוֹ / עֲצַת שָׁלוֹם | un prêtre sur son trône / une pensée de paix | High | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 6:13 | — | Unusual Law-transcending fusion of royal and priestly office; theologian review recommended. |
| true justice, steadfast love (chesed), mercy | מִשְׁפַּט אֱמֶת / חֶסֶד / רַחֲמִים | la justice véritable / la bonté (fidèle) / la compassion | Medium-High | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 7:9 | ”fidélité” alone (TOB-style — documented as acceptable ecumenical alternative for chesed) | חֶסֶד (chesed) has no single French equivalent; requires a curriculum-wide consistent choice. |
| City of Truth / Holy Mountain | עִיר הָאֱמֶת / הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ | la Ville de la vérité / la montagne sainte | Low-Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple; God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 8:3 | — | Reuse baseline “saint” exactly for “sainte.” |
| blood of my covenant / prisoners of hope | דַּם־בְּרִיתֵךְ / אֲסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה | le sang de ton alliance / prisonniers de l’espérance | High | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 9:11-12 | — | Resonance with NT “blood of the covenant” (Matthew 26:28); reuse baseline “alliance” exactly. |
| cornerstone, tent peg, battle bow (from Judah) | פִּנָּה / יָתֵד / קֶשֶׁת מִלְחָמָה | la pierre angulaire / le piquet de tente / l’arc de guerre | Medium-High | The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 10:4 | — | Cross-reference to NT cornerstone Christology for teaching notes, not lexical identification. |
| worthless/foolish shepherd | הָרֹעֶה הָאֱלִיל | le berger de rien / le berger sans valeur | Medium | Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 11:15-17 | — | Negative foil to the true Shepherd-King. |
| two staffs: Favor and Union | נֹעַם / חֹבְלִים | Faveur / Union | Medium-High | Sovereign Plan; God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 11:7-14 | — | Symbolic breaking dramatizes covenant rupture. |
| thirty pieces of silver, to the potter | שְׁלֹשִׁים הַכֶּסֶף / הַיּוֹצֵר | les trente pièces d’argent / au potier | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (background) | Zacharie 11:12-13 | — | Direct NT quotation link (Matthew 27:9-10); theologian review required. |
| spirit of grace and pleas for mercy | רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים | un esprit de grâce et de supplication | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | Zacharie 12:10 | — | Reuse baseline “grâce” exactly. |
| they will look on me, whom they have pierced | דָּקַר / daqar | ils tourneront les regards vers moi, celui qu’ils ont transpercé | Critical | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | Zacharie 12:10 | ”lui” for “moi” (rejected — erases divine-identification tension); “blessé/touché” for “transpercé” (rejected — too weak, loses violent literal force); LXX “mocked” tradition (rejected — NT citation follows the “pierced” tradition) | The curriculum’s single most theologically sensitive term. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence. |
| mourn for him as for an only child | הַיָּחִיד / hayachid | ils se lamenteront sur lui comme on se lamente sur un fils unique | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | Zacharie 12:10 | — | Resonance with “Fils unique”/Sonship-of-Christ vocabulary; note without conflating occurrences. |
| a fountain opened for sin and impurity | מָקוֹר / חַטָּאת / נִדָּה | une source ouverte pour le péché et pour l’impureté | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | Zacharie 13:1 | — | Reuse baseline “péché” exactly; clarify ritual-purity background of “impureté.” |
| strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered | הַךְ אֶת־הָרֹעֶה | Frappe le berger, et les brebis seront dispersées | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced; The Coming Messianic King | Zacharie 13:7 | — | Direct Gospel citation (Matthew 26:31; Mark 14:27); theologian review required. |
| refine as silver | צָרַף / tsaraf | affiner comme l’argent | Medium | Restoration; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 13:9 | — | Leads to covenant formula “ils sont mon peuple… l’Éternel est mon Dieu.” |
| the Day of the LORD | יוֹם לַיהוָה / yom laYHWH | le jour de l’Éternel | Medium | Sovereign Plan; God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 14:1 | — | Standard prophetic-eschatological technical term. |
| living waters | מַיִם חַיִּים / mayim chayim | eaux vives | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | Zacharie 14:8 | — | Resonance with Johannine “living water” sayings for teaching cross-reference. |
| the LORD will be king over all the earth | יְהוָה לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ | l’Éternel sera roi de toute la terre | High | The Coming Messianic King; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 14:9 | — | Reuse “roi” consistently with Zacharie 9:9; distinguish from political/nationalist kingdom, per baseline’s “Royaume de Dieu” caution. |
| the LORD will be one and his name one | יְהוָה אֶחָד וּשְׁמוֹ אֶחָד | l’Éternel sera un, et son nom un | High | God’s Zeal for Zion; Sovereign Plan | Zacharie 14:9 | — | Echoes the Shema; foundational monotheistic confession, theologian review recommended. |
| Holy to the LORD (inscribed) | קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה / qodesh laYHWH | Sainteté à l’Éternel | Medium-High | Restoration; God’s Zeal for Zion | Zacharie 14:20 | — | Reuse baseline “saint(eté)” exactly; formula previously reserved for the high priest’s garments, now universalized. |
| no longer a trader (“Canaanite”) in the house of the LORD | כְנַעֲנִי / khena’ani | il n’y aura plus de marchand dans la maison de l’Éternel | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | Zacharie 14:21 | a literal ethnonym rendering “Cananéen” alone without gloss (rejected — risks anachronistic/ethnically charged misreading) | Idiomatic ethnonym-for-merchant usage; clarifying note required. |
C. Risk Summary (New Terms Proposed in This Glossary)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing (per baseline framework) |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 5 (YHWH; saved/having salvation 9:9; the Branch; jealous/zeal for Zion; “they will look on me, whom they have pierced” 12:10) | Human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 15 | Human theologian review |
| Medium-High | 8 | Human theologian review recommended |
| Medium | 14 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 5 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 2 | Automated review |
This glossary must be read together with analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md. All entries in Section A are governed by, and must never contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All entries in Section B are new proposals for this Zechariah curriculum, pending formal incorporation into an extended translation memory and doctrine risk registry in a subsequent Phase 1 step.
Critical Risk Terms
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fils de Dieu
Transliteration: Fils de Dieu / υἱὸς θεοῦ
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: envoyé de Dieu, homme divin
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Relevant to Zechariah only as a cross-reference resonance for ‘mourn_as_for_only_child’ (Zacharie 12:10c, ‘fils unique’); do NOT lexically conflate the two occurrences — Zechariah’s phrase is a distinct grammatical form (הַיָּחִיד, ‘the only one/child’) describing mourning, not this fixed Christological title. Flag the resonance in teaching notes only.
Yhwh
Approved rendering: l’Éternel
Transliteration: YHWH / Adonaï
Doctrine: The Divine Name and God’s Sovereign Authority
Rejected alternatives: le SEIGNEUR (TOB/BJ small-caps convention — documented ecumenical alternative, not mixed within this curriculum), Yahvé (unfamiliar transliteration for the target lay/mixed-tradition audience)
Original: יהוה
Category: God
New term for this curriculum (no baseline equivalent; the Romans package is NT-only). The single highest-frequency theological decision in the book (130+ occurrences). Must be visually and doctrinally distinguished from ‘Seigneur’ (=kyrios/adonai, fixed for Christ in the baseline). Mandatory translator’s preface note required in every Zechariah lesson distinguishing ‘l’Éternel’ (proper name) from ‘Seigneur’ (title).
Saved Vindicated
Approved rendering: sauvé
Transliteration: נוֹשָׁע (nosha)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: victorieux (historic Segond rendering — imports an active-conqueror sense the Hebrew niphal passive grammar does not support), vainqueur
Original: נוֹשָׁע
Category: Salvation
Zacharie 9:9. The single most consequential lexical decision in the core passage. The Hebrew passive participle portrays a humble, God-dependent king, not a self-achieved conqueror — in direct tension with the disarmament oracle immediately following (9:10) and the NT’s selective citation (Matthew 21:5; John 12:15 omit this clause). Structural OT parallel to the baseline’s Critical-risk ‘justice imputée’: a status granted, not achieved. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Zeal For Zion
Approved rendering: jaloux / jalousie (avec glose obligatoire : « un amour ardent et protecteur »)
Transliteration: קִנְאָה (qin’ah)
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
Rejected alternatives: unglossed ‘jaloux’ alone (rejected — reads as petty romantic possessiveness/envy in contemporary French)
Original: קִנְאָה
Category: God / Zion Theology
Zacharie 1:14; 8:2. The single most distinctively French cultural collision in this curriculum, comparable in severity to the baseline’s ‘élection’ collision. Mandatory clarifying gloss at EVERY occurrence, no exceptions.
The Branch
Approved rendering: le Germe
Transliteration: צֶמַח (Tsemach)
Doctrine: The Branch — A Messianic, Priestly Figure
Rejected alternatives: le Rejeton (TOB-family — documented ecumenical alternative but must not be mixed with ‘le Germe’ within this curriculum)
Original: צֶמַח
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 3:8; 6:12. Fixed messianic title; must be capitalized and treated as a title at every occurrence, never a generic botanical noun.
Pierced One
Approved rendering: ils tourneront les regards vers moi, celui qu’ils ont transpercé
Transliteration: וְהִבִּיטוּ אֵלַי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָרוּ
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Rejected alternatives: ‘lui’ for ‘moi’ (rejected — erases the grammatical divine-identification tension), ‘blessé’ or ‘touché’ for ‘transpercé’ (rejected — too weak, loses the violent literal force of דָּקַר), the LXX’s divergent ‘mocked’ tradition (rejected — the NT citation at John 19:37 follows the Hebrew ‘pierced’ sense, not the majority LXX reading)
Original: וְהִבִּיטוּ אֵלַי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָרוּ
Category: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Zacharie 12:10b. The single most theologically sensitive phrase in this curriculum. ‘Moi’ MUST be retained. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence and every derivative teaching passage.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce / חֵן (chen)
Doctrine: Grace / The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite
Original: חֵן
Category: Salvation / The Piercing
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused for Zechariah 12:10’s ‘un esprit de grâce et de supplication’ (רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים). חֵן is the OT semantic counterpart to the NT’s χάρις already fixed here; do not soften to ‘faveur’.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: justice / צֶדֶק, צְדָקָה (tsedeq, tsedaqah)
Doctrine: Salvation / The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: vertu, droiture
Original: צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation / Messianic King
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Applied to the coming king’s character at Zacharie 9:9 (‘juste’); must not be flattened to private moral virtue but read as righteous, vindicated kingship acting in accordance with God’s own justice.
Lord
Approved rendering: Seigneur
Transliteration: Seigneur / κύριος
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: maître, patron
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. CRITICAL CROSS-CURRICULUM RULE: this rendering is reserved exclusively for the NT title usage (kyrios/adonai applied to Christ). It must NEVER be used to render the divine proper name יהוה in Zechariah; use ‘l’Éternel’ instead (see yhwh entry). Mixing the two would collapse a proper name and a confessional title into one undifferentiated French word for learners moving between Romans and Zechariah materials.
Yhwh Of Hosts
Approved rendering: l’Éternel des armées
Transliteration: YHWH Tsevaot
Doctrine: The Divine Name and God’s Sovereign Authority
Rejected alternatives: le Seigneur de l’univers (TOB), le Seigneur Sabaot (BJ, transliteration — opaque to general readers)
Original: יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת
Category: God
Opens nearly every oracle in Zechariah. Risks a militaristic misreading against the book’s own peace-to-the-nations oracle (9:10); requires a standing teaching note clarifying cosmic sovereign authority, not literal warfare endorsement.
Messianic King
Approved rendering: ton roi
Transliteration: malkekh
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: מַלְכֵּךְ
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 9:9. Bare ‘roi’ is lexically simple but doctrinally load-bearing (Davidic/messianic office). Cross-reference to ‘Fils de Dieu’/‘Seigneur’ baseline entries when taught alongside NT fulfillment (Matthew 21:5; John 12:15).
Nations Positive
Approved rendering: nations
Transliteration: גּוֹיִם (goyim), positive/universal sense
Doctrine: Ingathering of the Nations / Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: païens (baseline default for Romans’ ἔθνη — explicitly rejected here; the baseline itself documents this term’s pejorative modern-French connotation, which would undercut Zechariah’s positive universal-peace and ingathering sense)
Original: גּוֹיִם
Category: Church / Mission to the Nations
Zacharie 2:11; 8:22-23; 9:10; 14:16. Deliberate, documented deviation from the baseline default ‘païens’, matching the baseline’s own suggested alternative for mission-emphasis contexts.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: l’ange de l’Éternel
Transliteration: מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה (mal’akh YHWH)
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: un ange (generic — loses the definite, unique office)
Original: מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה
Category: God / Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 1:11-12; 3:1-6. Distinct, recurring divine-agent figure across the night visions. Flag for theologian review whenever its identity is discussed doctrinally.
Divine Indwelling
Approved rendering: j’habiterai au milieu de toi
Transliteration: שָׁכַן (shakhan)
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Rejected alternatives: vivre dans (too flat/locational)
Original: שָׁכַן
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Zacharie 2:10 (Heb 2:14); 8:3. Shekinah-presence resonance; keep relational/presential force, noting (without conflating) the NT’s incarnational ‘dwelt among us’ (John 1:14).
Spirit Empowerment
Approved rendering: ni par la puissance ni par la force, mais par mon Esprit
Transliteration: לֹא בְחַיִל וְלֹא בְכֹחַ כִּי אִם־בְּרוּחִי
Doctrine: Providence and Spirit-Empowered Restoration
Rejected alternatives: collapsing ‘mon Esprit’ into ‘l’Esprit Saint’ (rejected — distinct grammatical form; see holy_spirit entry above)
Original: לֹא בְחַיִל וְלֹא בְכֹחַ כִּי אִם־בְּרוּחִי
Category: Sovereign Plan / Providence
Zacharie 4:6. חַיִל and כֹחַ are two near-synonyms rendered distinctly (‘puissance’ and ‘force’ respectively), never collapsed into one French word. Programmatic statement for the Sovereign Plan doctrine.
Priest King Fusion
Approved rendering: un prêtre sur son trône… une pensée de paix
Transliteration: כֹהֵן עַל־כִּסְאוֹ / עֲצַת שָׁלוֹם
Doctrine: The Branch — A Messianic, Priestly Figure
Original: כֹהֵן עַל־כִּסְאוֹ / עֲצַת שָׁלוֹם
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 6:13. Unusual Law-transcending fusion of royal and priestly office; flag for theologian review given its bearing on later NT Christology (cf. Hebrews).
Chesed True Justice
Approved rendering: la justice véritable… la bonté fidèle et la compassion
Transliteration: מִשְׁפַּט אֱמֶת / חֶסֶד וְרַחֲמִים
Doctrine: True Justice and Covenant Loyalty (Chesed)
Rejected alternatives: fidélité alone (TOB-style — documented acceptable ecumenical alternative, but must not be alternated with ‘bonté’ within this curriculum)
Original: מִשְׁפַּט אֱמֶת / חֶסֶד וְרַחֲמִים
Category: Covenant / Ethics
Zacharie 7:9-10. חֶסֶד has no single-word French equivalent. FIXED CURRICULUM-WIDE CHOICE: ‘la bonté fidèle’, never alternated between passages.
Blood Of Covenant Prisoners Of Hope
Approved rendering: le sang de ton alliance / prisonniers de l’espérance
Transliteration: דַּם־בְּרִיתֵךְ / אֲסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: דַּם־בְּרִיתֵךְ / אֲסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה
Category: Covenant / Messianic King
Zacharie 9:11-12. Resonance with NT ‘blood of the covenant’ (Matthew 26:28); reuse baseline ‘alliance’ exactly. Flag for theologian review given atonement/Eucharistic sensitivity comparable to the baseline’s Romans 3:25 flag.
Thirty Pieces Of Silver
Approved rendering: les trente pièces d’argent… au potier
Transliteration: שְׁלֹשִׁים הַכֶּסֶף / הַיּוֹצֵר
Doctrine: The Betrayal Price (Thirty Pieces of Silver)
Original: שְׁלֹשִׁים הַכֶּסֶף / הַיּוֹצֵר
Category: The Piercing (background) / Messianic King
Zacharie 11:12-13. Directly quoted/echoed at Matthew 27:9-10 regarding Judas’s betrayal price; theologian review required.
Spirit Of Grace And Supplication
Approved rendering: un esprit de grâce et de supplication
Transliteration: רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Original: רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים
Category: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Zacharie 12:10a. Reuse baseline ‘grâce’ exactly for חֵן. This is God’s Spirit acting, not a generic human disposition; resolve capitalization consistency with the spirit_empowerment entry (4:6) for curriculum-wide coherence.
Mourn As For Only Child
Approved rendering: ils se lamenteront sur lui comme on se lamente sur un fils unique
Transliteration: וְסָפְדוּ עָלָיו כְּמִסְפֵּד עַל־הַיָּחִיד
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Original: וְסָפְדוּ עָלָיו כְּמִסְפֵּד עַל־הַיָּחִיד
Category: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Zacharie 12:10c. Carries a resonance with the baseline’s Critical-risk ‘Fils de Dieu’ vocabulary (see son_of_god entry above); flag for teaching cross-reference while preserving this occurrence’s own grammatical and narrative integrity.
Fountain Opened For Sin
Approved rendering: une source ouverte pour le péché et pour l’impureté
Transliteration: מָקוֹר נִפְתָּח לְחַטָּאת וּלְנִדָּה
Doctrine: Cleansing from Sin and Removal of Iniquity
Original: מָקוֹר נִפְתָּח לְחַטָּאת וּלְנִדָּה
Category: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Zacharie 13:1. Reuse baseline ‘péché’ exactly for חַטָּאת. ‘Impureté’ requires a clarifying note distinguishing Levitical ritual-purity background from a purely moral-only modern reading.
Strike The Shepherd
Approved rendering: Frappe le berger, et les brebis seront dispersées
Transliteration: הַךְ אֶת־הָרֹעֶה וּתְפוּצֶיןָ הַצֹּאן
Doctrine: The Striking of the Shepherd
Original: הַךְ אֶת־הָרֹעֶה וּתְפוּצֶיןָ הַצֹּאן
Category: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced / Messianic King
Zacharie 13:7. Directly quoted by Jesus of himself at his arrest (Matthew 26:31; Mark 14:27); close doctrinal proximity to 12:10’s piercing. Theologian review required.
Lord King Over All Earth
Approved rendering: l’Éternel sera roi de toute la terre
Transliteration: וְהָיָה יְהוָה לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ
Doctrine: Universal Kingship of the LORD
Original: וְהָיָה יְהוָה לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ
Category: Eschatology / Messianic King
Zacharie 14:9. Reuse ‘roi’ consistently with the messianic_king entry (9:9) so learners perceive continuity between the humble coming king and the climactic universal king.
Lord Will Be One
Approved rendering: l’Éternel sera un, et son nom un
Transliteration: יִהְיֶה יְהוָה אֶחָד וּשְׁמוֹ אֶחָד
Doctrine: Universal Kingship of the LORD
Original: יִהְיֶה יְהוָה אֶחָד וּשְׁמוֹ אֶחָד
Category: God’s Zeal for Zion / Eschatology
Zacharie 14:9b. Shema-echoing confession structurally parallel to the baseline’s treatment of ‘Jésus est Seigneur’; must not be qualified or softened.
Iniquity Removed One Day
Approved rendering: j’enlèverai l’iniquité de ce pays en un seul jour
Transliteration: מַשְׁתִּי אֶת־עֲוֹן הָאָרֶץ־הַהִיא בְּיוֹם אֶחָד
Doctrine: Cleansing from Sin and Removal of Iniquity
Original: מַשְׁתִּי אֶת־עֲוֹן הָאָרֶץ־הַהִיא בְּיוֹם אֶחָד
Category: The Piercing (background) / Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 3:9. Ties to baseline ‘péché’ and to atonement-adjacent vocabulary the baseline already flags (Romans 3:25); recommend the same theologian-review escalation here.
Medium Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: alliance
Transliteration: alliance / בְּרִית (berit)
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: contrat
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused across Zechariah 9:11 (‘le sang de ton alliance’), 11:10, and the Davidic ‘house of David’ material. Note: several Zechariah-specific analyses flag elevated contextual risk (atonement/Eucharistic resonance at 9:11) without changing this base risk tier; see blood_of_covenant_prisoners_of_hope below for the elevated-risk compound phrase.
Holy
Approved rendering: saint
Transliteration: saint / קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh)
Doctrine: Sanctification / Holiness Extended to All of Life
Rejected alternatives: pur
Original: קֹדֶשׁ / קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Sanctification / Restoration
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused for ‘la montagne sainte’ (8:3) and the climactic universalizing of holiness at 14:20-21 (‘Sainteté à l’Éternel’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: salut
Transliteration: salut / יְשׁוּעָה (yeshu’ah)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: délivrance
Original: יְשׁוּעָה
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. This is the abstract-noun form only; do NOT conflate with the distinct Critical-risk passive-participle form נוֹשָׁע at Zacharie 9:9, which is a separate entry (saved_vindicated) requiring its own rendering decision (‘sauvé’, never ‘salut’ or ‘victorieux’).
Sin
Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: péché / חַטָּאת (chatta’t)
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Cleansing from Sin and Removal of Iniquity
Original: חַטָּאת
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused exactly at Zacharie 13:1 (‘une source ouverte pour le péché’). Guard against colloquial trivialization (‘péché mignon’) as flagged in baseline; the weight of these Zechariah passages is at least as strong as in Romans.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israël
Transliteration: Israël / יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra’el)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Sovereign Plan
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Keep the referent historical/theological, distinct from the modern nation-state, applying the same caution the baseline established, with added force given Zechariah’s OT restoration-of-the-land setting.
Glory
Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: gloire / כָּבוֹד (kavod)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Sovereign Plan
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God / Sovereign Plan
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused implicitly at Zacharie 2:5 (‘a wall of fire… and glory in her midst’). Guard against a triumphalist secular reading.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: païens
Transliteration: païens / גּוֹיִם (goyim)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: étrangers
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. IMPORTANT DEVIATION RULE FOR THIS CURRICULUM: do NOT default to this rendering for Zechariah’s positive universal-peace and ingathering passages (2:11; 8:22-23; 9:10; 14:16) — use the new entry ‘nations_positive’ below instead. This entry is retained only for any negative/judgment-oriented גוים context and to document the deliberate deviation elsewhere.
God
Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu / אֱלֹהִים (Elohim)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / The Divine Name and God’s Sovereign Authority
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Used for אֱלֹהִים where Zechariah does not use the covenant proper name יהוה; keep visually and doctrinally distinct from ‘l’Éternel’ (see yhwh entry below).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint / πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Do NOT apply this fixed NT phrase to Zechariah’s distinct first-person possessive ‘רוּחִי’ (‘my Spirit’, 4:6); see spirit_empowerment entry below for that separate grammatical form. Note theological continuity in teaching commentary only, never in the base rendering.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messie
Transliteration: Messie / Χριστός, מָשִׁיחַ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / The Coming Messianic King
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Available for teaching cross-reference when linking Zechariah’s ‘ton roi’ (9:9), ‘le Germe’ (3:8; 6:12), and the king-priest fusion (6:13) to the fulfilled Messiah of the New Testament, though Zechariah’s own text does not use this specific title.
Providence
Approved rendering: providence
Transliteration: providence / πρόνοια
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: destin, hasard
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused for the doctrine label ‘Providence and Spirit-Empowered Restoration’; the concrete Zechariah phrase itself is rendered separately as ‘les yeux de l’Éternel’ (see providence_eyes_of_the_lord below). Guard against the same Enlightenment-deist impersonal-order misreading the baseline already flags.
Humble King
Approved rendering: humble
Transliteration: עָנִי (ani)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: pauvre (too narrowly economic)
Original: עָנִי
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 9:9. Preserves the meek, non-self-asserting royal character; matches NT πραΰς (Matthew 21:5).
Dominion Reign
Approved rendering: sa domination / son règne
Transliteration: מָשְׁלוֹ (moshlo)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: מָשְׁלוֹ
Category: Kingdom / Messianic King
Zacharie 9:10. Guard against a narrowly political/territorial nation-state reading, paralleling the baseline’s caution about ‘Royaume de Dieu’ versus a political kingdom.
Satan Accuser
Approved rendering: Satan (note : « l’Accusateur »)
Transliteration: הַשָּׂטָן (ha-satan)
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘l’adversaire’ alone (under-signals the figure to a general readership)
Original: הַשָּׂטָן
Category: Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 3:1-2. Guard against over-importing the fully developed NT/popular-culture devil figure into this earlier court-scene text; a standing note clarifying the more limited definite-article ‘accuser’ office is required.
Filthy Garments Festal Robes
Approved rendering: vêtements souillés / vêtements de fête (purs)
Transliteration: בְּגָדִים צֹאִים / מַחֲלָצוֹת
Doctrine: Cleansing from Sin and Removal of Iniquity
Original: בְּגָדִים צֹאִים / מַחֲלָצוֹת
Category: Sovereign Plan / Messianic King (typological)
Zacharie 3:3-5. Resonates with, but must not be collapsed into, the baseline’s Critical-risk ‘justice imputée’; note the resonance for teaching cross-reference without asserting lexical equivalence.
Providence Eyes Of The Lord
Approved rendering: les yeux de l’Éternel
Transliteration: עֵינֵי יְהוָה (einei YHWH)
Doctrine: Providence and Spirit-Empowered Restoration
Original: עֵינֵי יְהוָה
Category: Providence
Zacharie 4:10. Guard against a deist ‘watching from a distance’ misreading, per the baseline’s caution for Romans 8:28’s providence; this is active, personal oversight.
Ephah Wickedness
Approved rendering: un épha / la Méchanceté
Transliteration: אֵיפָה / רִשְׁעָה
Doctrine: Community Justice and Holiness (Flying Scroll and Ephah Visions)
Original: אֵיפָה / רִשְׁעָה
Category: Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 5:5-11. The feminine grammatical personification is a literary convention of Hebrew abstract nouns, not a theological statement about women; a translator’s note is required to prevent a misogynistic misreading in a French classroom setting.
Four Chariots Four Winds
Approved rendering: quatre chars / les quatre vents des cieux
Transliteration: אַרְבַּע מַרְכָּבוֹת / אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמָיִם
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: אַרְבַּע מַרְכָּבוֹת / אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמָיִם
Category: Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 6:1-8. Cross-reference (not identification) with Revelation’s four horsemen for teaching continuity.
Crowns Coronation
Approved rendering: des couronnes
Transliteration: עֲטָרוֹת (atarot)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: עֲטָרוֹת
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 6:11-14. A translator’s note on the plural Hebrew form (possible second crown originally for Zerubbabel) is recommended for reviewer awareness.
City Of Truth Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: la Ville de la vérité / la montagne sainte
Transliteration: עִיר הָאֱמֶת / הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: עִיר הָאֱמֶת / הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple / Zion Theology
Zacharie 8:3. Reuse the baseline’s ‘saint’ exactly for ‘sainte’; ensure moral/spiritual restoration is not lost to a purely architectural reading.
Cornerstone Tent Peg Battle Bow
Approved rendering: la pierre angulaire / le piquet de tente / l’arc de guerre
Transliteration: פִּנָּה / יָתֵד / קֶשֶׁת מִלְחָמָה
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: פִּנָּה / יָתֵד / קֶשֶׁת מִלְחָמָה
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 10:4. Note the NT cornerstone-Christology resonance for teaching cross-reference, not lexical identification.
Worthless Shepherd
Approved rendering: le berger de rien / le berger sans valeur
Transliteration: הָרֹעֶה הָאֱלִיל
Doctrine: The Rejected Shepherd and Judgment on False Leadership
Original: הָרֹעֶה הָאֱלִיל
Category: Sovereign Plan / Christology (negative foil)
Zacharie 11:15-17. Negative foil to the true Shepherd-King; must not blur with positive Shepherd imagery applied elsewhere.
Two Staffs Favor Union
Approved rendering: Faveur / Union
Transliteration: נֹעַם / חֹבְלִים
Doctrine: The Rejected Shepherd and Judgment on False Leadership
Original: נֹעַם / חֹבְלִים
Category: Sovereign Plan / Zion Theology
Zacharie 11:7-14. Symbolic staff-names; capitalization required so French readers recognize these as titles, not generic descriptive nouns.
Refine As Silver
Approved rendering: je les affinerai comme on affine l’argent
Transliteration: וּצְרַפְתִּים כִּצְרֹף אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף
Doctrine: The Striking of the Shepherd
Original: וּצְרַפְתִּים כִּצְרֹף אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף
Category: Restoration / Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 13:9. Leads to the covenant formula ‘ils sont mon peuple… l’Éternel est mon Dieu’; render to echo the baseline’s relational covenant register.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: le jour de l’Éternel
Transliteration: יוֹם־בָּא לַיהוָה
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Eschatological Judgment
Original: יוֹם־בָּא לַיהוָה
Category: Eschatology
Zacharie 14:1. Standard prophetic-eschatological term; ensure consistency with the fixed ‘l’Éternel’ rendering established for this curriculum.
Living Waters
Approved rendering: des eaux vives sortiront de Jérusalem
Transliteration: מַיִם חַיִּים יֵצְאוּ מִירוּשָׁלִַם
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Eschatological Judgment
Original: מַיִם חַיִּים יֵצְאוּ מִירוּשָׁלִַם
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple / Eschatology
Zacharie 14:8. Note the resonance with Jesus’ ‘living water’ sayings (John 4:10-14; 7:38) for teaching cross-reference, without asserting a direct lexical/typological identity the text does not make explicit.
Holy To The Lord
Approved rendering: Sainteté à l’Éternel
Transliteration: קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה
Doctrine: Holiness Extended to All of Life
Original: קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה
Category: Restoration / God’s Zeal for Zion
Zacharie 14:20. Reuse baseline ‘saint(eté)’ exactly; formula previously reserved for the high priest’s garments, now universalized to ordinary life.
No Longer Trader
Approved rendering: il n’y aura plus de marchand dans la maison de l’Éternel
Transliteration: וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה כְנַעֲנִי עוֹד בְּבֵית־יְהוָה
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Rejected alternatives: Cananéen (literal ethnonym, unglossed — rejected as anachronistic/ethnically charged)
Original: וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה כְנַעֲנִי עוֹד בְּבֵית־יְהוָה
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Zacharie 14:21. Idiomatic ‘Canaanite’-for-merchant usage; a translator’s note explaining the idiom is required.
Return To Me
Approved rendering: Revenez à moi
Transliteration: שׁוּבוּ אֵלַי
Doctrine: Call to Repentance and Covenant Return
Original: שׁוּבוּ אֵלַי
Category: Restoration / Repentance
Zacharie 1:3-6. Covenantal repentance, not a generic physical/emotional ‘coming back’; resonant with but distinct from the baseline’s ‘sanctification’ trajectory.
Horns Craftsmen
Approved rendering: cornes / artisans (forgerons)
Transliteration: קְרָנוֹת / חָרָשִׁים
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: קְרָנוֹת / חָרָשִׁים
Category: Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 1:18-21. The horn-as-power-symbol convention is unfamiliar to modern French readers; requires a brief explanatory note.
Measuring Line
Approved rendering: un cordeau à mesurer
Transliteration: חֶבֶל מִדָּה
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: חֶבֶל מִדָּה
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Zacharie 2:1-5. Standard construction vocabulary; low ambiguity, benefits from a brief note tying it to the Restoration doctrine’s architectural dimension.
Whistle Gather
Approved rendering: Je sifflerai pour les rassembler
Transliteration: אֶשְׁרְקָה לָהֶם וַאֲקַבְּצֵם
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Rejected alternatives: je les rassemblerai (flat administrative rendering — rejected, loses the pastoral shepherd-call register)
Original: אֶשְׁרְקָה לָהֶם וַאֲקַבְּצֵם
Category: Restoration
Zacharie 10:8. Ensure the shepherd-call register is preserved, echoing the Exodus and the regathering language of chapter 8.
Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Jérusalem
Transliteration: יְרוּשָׁלַםִ (Yerushalayim)
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: יְרוּשָׁלַםִ
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
New entry, not present in the Romans baseline (which has no comparable OT city-focused doctrine). Extend the same contemporary-political-sensitivity caution the baseline applies to ‘Israël’; keep the referent historical/theological in this curriculum, distinct from modern geopolitical debate.
Low Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: paix
Transliteration: paix / שָׁלוֹם (shalom)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: שָׁלוֹם
Category: Messianic King
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused exactly at Zacharie 9:10 (‘il annoncera la paix aux nations’).
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David / דָּוִד
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant / Messianic King
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Reused exactly for the recurring ‘house of David’ references (Zacharie 12:7-8; 12:10; 13:1).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus / Ἰησοῦς
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Not present in Zechariah’s own text; retained here for teaching cross-reference to NT fulfillment passages (Matthew 21:5; John 12:15; John 19:37; Matthew 26:31; Matthew 27:9-10) cited throughout the Zechariah doctrine analysis.
Donkey Colt
Approved rendering: un âne / un ânon, le petit d’une ânesse
Transliteration: חֲמוֹר / עַיִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנוֹת
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: חֲמוֹר / עַיִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנוֹת
Category: Christology / Messianic King
Zacharie 9:9. Preserve the peace-versus-war-horse contrast; the Hebrew poetic parallelism describes one animal in two phrases — flag against a wooden double-animal misreading.
Plumb Line Capstone
Approved rendering: le fil à plomb / la pierre du faîte
Transliteration: אֶבֶן הַבְּדִיל / הָאֶבֶן הָרֹאשָׁה
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: אֶבֶן הַבְּדִיל / הָאֶבֶן הָרֹאשָׁה
Category: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Zacharie 4:9-10. Construction-completion imagery for the Second Temple; standard French vocabulary suffices with a brief historical note.
Flying Scroll Curse
Approved rendering: un rouleau qui volait / la malédiction
Transliteration: מְגִלָּה עָפָה / אָלָה
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: מְגִלָּה עָפָה / אָלָה
Category: Sovereign Plan
Zacharie 5:1-4. Standard vocabulary suffices; the vision’s imagery is unfamiliar and benefits from a brief explanatory note.
Apple Of His Eye
Approved rendering: la prunelle de son œil
Transliteration: בְּבַת עֵינוֹ
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
Original: בְּבַת עֵינוֹ
Category: God’s Zeal for Zion
Zacharie 2:8. A natural, established French idiomatic equivalent exists; use directly per the idiom-handling rule.
Oracle Burden
Approved rendering: la sentence / l’oracle
Transliteration: מַשָּׂא (massa)
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: מַשָּׂא
Category: Prophecy
Zacharie 9:1. Technical prophetic-genre term introducing a weighty pronouncement; standard vocabulary, low risk.