Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Luke 1–24 (English → French)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md. It is organized into two parts:
- Part A — Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.jsonthat recur in Luke. These renderings are reused exactly, without alteration, per the PRD mandate. Any deviation must be flagged and escalated, never silently substituted. - Part B — New terms specific to Luke’s Gospel, not present in the Romans baseline, each carrying full risk analysis. These are candidates for immediate addition to
translation_memory.jsonandbible_term_registry.jsonin Phase 2 preparation.
Risk tiers (Critical / High / Medium / Low) follow the exact definitions established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Part A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (EN) | French Rendering (fixed) | Risk | Key Luke References | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Évangile | Low | 4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1 | Verb form “εὐαγγελίσασθαι” rendered “annoncer la Bonne Nouvelle” (capitalized) — see Part B note; do not lower-case to informal gloss. |
| grace | grâce | High | 1:30; 2:40, 2:52; 4:22 | Watch collision with “année de grâce” (4:19, see Part B “Acceptable Year”) and “pleine de grâce” (1:28, see Part B “Favored One”). |
| faith | foi | Medium | 5:20; 7:9, 7:50; 8:25, 8:48; 17:5,19; 18:8,42; 22:32 | Recurring formula “ta foi t’a sauvée” must be verbatim-consistent at 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42. |
| righteousness | justice | High | 1:75; 23:47 (adjectival δίκαιος) | Ties to centurion’s confession at the cross; do not soften to generic “innocent” alone without the righteousness resonance. |
| justification | justification / justifié | Critical | 18:14 | The clearest Lukan forensic-justification narrative (Pharisee and tax collector). Mandatory theologian review. |
| salvation | salut | Medium | 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6; 18:26; 19:9-10 | ”Aujourd’hui le salut est venu pour cette maison” (19:9) — key Zacchaeus text. |
| apostle | apôtre | Low | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 | First named at 6:13 (choosing of the Twelve). |
| called / calling | appelé / appel | Medium/High | 1:32,35,76; 6:15; 7:11ff (contextual) | Apply baseline’s context-sensitivity rule; do not render as “vocation.” |
| holy | saint | Medium/High | throughout (Holy Spirit references) | — |
| sanctification | sanctification | Medium | conceptually at 1:75, 11:2 (“hallowed be your name”) | See Part B “Hallowed” note on liturgical consistency. |
| resurrection | résurrection | Critical | 20:27-38; 24:6,34,46 | Doctrinal climax of the Gospel; verbal form “il est ressuscité.” |
| lord | Seigneur | Critical | 1:43,76; 2:11; 4:18-19 (OT idiom); 20:41-44; throughout | ”Christ the Lord” (2:11) and Ps.110 citation (20:41-44) require theologian-level care per baseline lordship_of_christ. |
| son_of_god | Fils de Dieu | Critical | 1:35; 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70 | — |
| incarnation | incarnation | Medium | conceptually, 1:31-35 | Doctrine name only; no single Lukan lexeme. |
| peace | paix | Low | 1:79; 2:14; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36 | Distinguish from Roman pax propaganda at 2:14; teaching note recommended. |
| thanksgiving | action de grâce | Low | 17:16; 18:11; 22:17,19 | Ten lepers narrative (17:16) — the healed Samaritan’s thanksgiving. |
| church | Église | High | (concept only; term “ekklēsia” absent from Luke’s Gospel proper, appears in Acts) | Not lexically present in Luke; retain the doctrine church_as_gods_people conceptually via “body”/“community” language, not the term itself. |
| kingdom_of_god | Royaume de Dieu | Medium | throughout (4:43; 6:20; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31; 13:18-29; 14:15; 17:20-21; 18:16-17,24-25,29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16,18; 23:42(implicit)) | Central Lukan theme; see Part B “entos hymōn” note for the High-risk translation choice at 17:21. |
| law | loi | High | 2:22-27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17,29,31; 24:44 | ”La Loi et les Prophètes” formula. |
| sin | péché | Medium | 1:77; 3:3; 5:8,20-24,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39,47-49; 11:4; 13:2; 15:1-2,7,10,18,21; 17:3-4; 18:13; 19:7; 24:47 | Extremely high frequency in Luke; core to two curriculum doctrines (Repentance/Forgiveness; Compassion/Table Fellowship). |
| gentiles | païens | Medium | 2:32 (contextual — recommend “nations” instead, see Part B); 21:24; 22:25 | See Part B “Nations” for the crucial context-sensitive alternate rendering. |
| glory | gloire | Medium | 2:9,14,32; 9:31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 24:26 | — |
| power_of_god | puissance de Dieu | Medium | 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 10:19; 21:27; 24:49 | 24:49 “puissance d’en haut” anticipates Pentecost. |
| messiah | Messie | Medium | 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46 | Peter’s confession (9:20) “le Christ de Dieu” = “le Messie de Dieu.” |
| prophet | prophète | Low | 1:76; 3:2ff; 4:24,27; 6:23; 7:16,26,28,39; 9:8,19; 11:47-50; 13:28,33-34; 16:16,29,31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27,44 | Extremely high frequency; John the Baptist and Jesus both called prophet. |
| prophecy | prophétie | Low | conceptually throughout fulfillment texts | — |
| covenant | alliance | High | 1:72; 22:20 | 22:20 “nouvelle alliance” — see Part B for supersessionism-risk note. |
| election | élection | High | 6:13 (chose the Twelve); 10:42 (“chosen the good portion,” different verb) | Use with baseline caution re: political-election collision. |
| david | David | Low | 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | — |
| israel | Israël | Medium | 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 22:30; 24:21 | Handle with baseline’s historical-sensitivity note throughout, especially the Jerusalem laments (13:34; 19:41-44). |
| jesus | Jésus | Low | throughout | — |
| god | Dieu | Critical | throughout | — |
| holy_spirit | Esprit Saint | Critical | 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49 | Central to the doctrine “The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History.” |
| father | Père | Medium | 1:32,62,67 (Zechariah); 2:49; 3:8; 6:36; 10:21-22; 11:2,11,13; 15:12-32; 22:29,42; 23:34,46; 24:49 | 11:2 must match established ecumenical liturgical French exactly (“Notre Père qui es aux cieux”). |
| exhort | exhorter | Low | (encouragement contexts, e.g., 3:18) | — |
| seed_of_david | descendance de David | Medium | 1:27,32-33,69; 2:4; 3:31 | — |
Part B — New Terms Specific to Luke’s Gospel
| Term (EN) | Greek / Transliteration | French Rendering | Risk | Category / Doctrine | Rationale / Notes | Key Luke References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Sauveur | Medium | Jesus as Savior for All Nations | Ecumenically stable term, but secular French “sauveur” can flatten to a generic heroic-rescuer figure (sports, cinema); teaching notes must anchor the unique, exclusive, divine sense. | 1:47; 2:11 |
| Nations (missional sense of ἔθνη) | ἔθνη / ethnē | nations (NOT “païens” in this sense) | High | Savior for All Nations; Mission | Same Greek word as gentiles, but context-sensitive: in missional/inclusion texts (2:32; 24:47) must use “les nations” per baseline’s own guidance, since “païens” is pejorative and would undercut the doctrine of universal, dignified inclusion. Distinct entry required from baseline gentiles to force this context check every occurrence. | 2:32; 24:47; (contrast 21:24 where “nations” as political/military powers is also plausible) |
| Favored One / “full of grace” | κεχαριτωμένη / kecharitōmenē | favorisée par la grâce (de Dieu) — NOT the fixed liturgical “pleine de grâce” | High | Grace; Sonship/Incarnation | Vulgate-derived liturgical phrase risks importing later Marian dogma (permanent fullness of grace) beyond the Greek’s past-passive “having been favored.” Flag for theologian review. | 1:28 |
| Overshadow | ἐπισκιάζω / episkiazō | couvrira de son ombre | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History; Incarnation | Exodus Shekinah-cloud theophany background must be supplied by teaching notes; risk of a merely poetic/protective reading. | 1:35 |
| Most High | Ὕψιστος / Hypsistos | le Très-Haut | Low-Medium | God | Established divine title, stable across French tradition. | 1:32,35,76; 2:14; 6:35; 8:28 |
| Virgin | παρθένος / parthenos | vierge | Medium | Incarnation | French Catholic Marian dogma (Immaculate Conception, perpetual virginity) may add doctrinal freight beyond Luke’s own claim; flag for reviewer to keep the text’s own scope. | 1:27 |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | miséricorde | Low-Medium | Compassion; Salvation History | Elevated register in modern French; ensure comprehension for lycée-level reading target. | 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 18:38-39 |
| Sign | σημεῖον / sēmeion | signe | Low-Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Retain divinely-meaningful sense, not mere “clue.” | 2:12; 11:29-30; 21:11,25 |
| Redemption / Deliverance | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις / lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | rédemption / délivrance | Medium-High | Kingdom Present and Future; Salvation | Ransom/purchase-price imagery risks flattening to generic “rescue” if rendered only as “délivrance”; recommend “rédemption” where the ransom-metaphor is theologically load-bearing (21:28), “délivrance” where the sense is more general liberation (2:38). | 1:68 (λύτρωσις, note: “il a délivré/racheté son peuple”); 2:38; 21:28 |
| Consolation (of Israel) | παράκλησις / paraklēsis | consolation (d’Israël) | Medium | Salvation History; Israel | Ties messianic hope to Simeon’s expectation; requires OT-hope background note. | 2:25 |
| Acceptable Year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός / eniautos Kyriou dektos | année de grâce du Seigneur | High | Kingdom Present and Future; Good News to the Poor | Echoes baseline’s High-risk grâce term in a different (Jubilee-era) sense; also collides with the secular French dating idiom “l’an de grâce [year],” risking flattening into a calendar convention. Leviticus 25 Jubilee background MUST be taught explicitly. | 4:19 |
| Anointed (verb) | χρίω / chriō (aorist ἔχρισεν) | il m’a oint (verb only — never the noun “onction” for this act) | Critical | Messianic Promise; Holy Spirit’s Work | Noun-form “onction” collides with the French Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick (“l’extrême-onction”); verb form is traditional/required, but every occurrence needs a teaching note distinguishing messianic Spirit-anointing from sacramental anointing. | 4:18 |
| Proclaim (herald) | κηρύσσω / kēryssō | proclamer | Low | Gospel; Mission | Keep distinct register from “annoncer” (euangelizomai) to preserve Luke’s two-verb distinction. | 4:18-19; 8:39; 9:60; 12:3; 24:47 |
| Release / Liberty (social sense) | ἄφεσις / aphesis | libération | High | Good News to Poor/Marginalized; distinct from “forgiveness of sins” sense below | Same Greek lexeme as “forgiveness of sins”; French cannot bridge both senses in one word. Flag every occurrence to determine which sense (social-release vs. sin-forgiveness) is active. | 4:18 (captives; oppressed) |
| Forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν / aphesis hamartiōn | pardon des péchés | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | See “Release/Liberty” entry above — same Greek word, deliberately dual-sense across the Gospel (4:18 → 24:47 structural bracket). | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 17:3-4; 23:34; 24:47 |
| Recovery of Sight | ἀνάβλεψις / anablepsis | le retour à la vue | Low-Medium | Good News to Poor/Marginalized | Retain both literal (18:35-43) and symbolic (“spiritual sight”) registers. | 4:18; (fulfilled narratively at 18:35-43) |
| Oppressed / Crushed | τεθραυσμένοι / tethrausmenoi | les opprimés (dynamic) / “les brisés” (literal, for commentary) | Medium | Good News to Poor/Marginalized | ”Opprimés” clarifies social-justice sense for modern readers; literal “shattered” body-image best preserved via teaching commentary rather than main text. | 4:18 |
| Fulfilled | πληρόω / plēroō (πεπλήρωται) | s’est accomplie (NOT “s’est réalisée”) | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Messianic Promise | ”Réalisée” would suggest coincidental fulfillment; must retain divine/prophetic accomplishment sense. | 4:21; 24:44 |
| Repentance | μετάνοια / μετανοέω / metanoia / metanoeō | repentance / se repentir (NEVER “pénitence”) | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | ”Pénitence” imports the Catholic sacramental-penitential system (acts of penance, satisfaction) into what is a transformative reorientation of mind and life, not a ritual/ascetic act. | 3:3,8; 5:32; 10:13; 11:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 16:30; 17:3-4; 24:47 |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | baptême | Low-Medium | Repentance/Forgiveness; Holy Spirit’s Work | Ecumenically stable term; note live Catholic/Protestant mode-and-timing disagreements exist but are outside this Gospel’s own narrative scope — keep descriptive, not prescriptive. | 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50 (fig. “baptism” of suffering); 20:4 |
| Son of Man | ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου / ho huios tou anthrōpou | le Fils de l’homme | Critical | Christology (undergirds several curriculum doctrines) | Daniel 7 apocalyptic-authority background; must not be read as merely “a human being.” Luke’s favorite self-designation for Jesus; consistency required across every occurrence. | 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,56,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22,24,26,30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 |
| Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ / huios Dabid | Fils de David | High | Messianic Promise; Davidic Covenant | Royal-messianic title invoked by the marginalized (blind beggar, 18:38-39); ties to REUSED david/messiah. | 18:38-39; 20:41-44 |
| Sinner(s) | ἁμαρτωλός / hamartōlos | pécheur(s) | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | Central to the doctrine; must retain the scandal-and-grace tension of Jesus eating with this group, not reduce to a casual moral-failure label. | 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 |
| Tax Collector | τελώνης / telōnēs | publicain(s) (gloss: “collecteur(s) d’impôts”) | Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship; Good News to Marginalized | ”Publicains” is the traditional French Bible term but may be unfamiliar to secular readers; “collecteurs d’impôts” is clearer but loses the socio-religious “Roman collaborator, ritually suspect” connotation — recommend pairing both on first use. | 3:12; 5:27,29-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2,7-8 |
| Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι / splanchnizomai | être pris de compassion | Medium-High | Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship | Literally “moved in one’s inward parts”; visceral, gut-level compassion, stronger than the more cerebral French “compassion” alone conveys — pair with an embodied verb phrase. | 7:13; 10:33 (Samaritan); 15:20 (father) |
| Neighbor | πλησίον / plēsion | prochain | Low-Medium | Good News to Marginalized; Compassion | Stable French idiom (“aimer son prochain”); low risk, but ensure the Samaritan parable’s redefinition (neighbor = whoever shows mercy, crossing ethnic boundary) is not lost. | 10:27,29,36 |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης / Samaritēs | Samaritain | Medium | Savior for All Nations/People; Marginalized | Lexically stable, but the historical Jewish-Samaritan enmity underlying the social scandal must be supplied by teaching notes; French readers will not recover this background unaided. | 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16 |
| Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | vie éternelle | Medium | Kingdom Present and Future; Salvation | Standard term; guard against a purely Platonic/spiritualized-afterlife reading divorced from bodily-kingdom hope. | 10:25; 18:18,30 |
| Justified (narrative use) | δικαιόω (δεδικαιωμένος) / dikaioō | justifié | Critical | Justification (REUSED baseline sense applied narratively) | Must match baseline justification/imputed_righteousness forensic framing exactly; the tax collector’s humble prayer, not merit, results in justified status. | 18:14 |
| Kingdom “in your midst” | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν / entos hymōn | au milieu de vous (NOT “en vous”) | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | Genuinely ambiguous Greek preposition; “en vous” (within you) risks an individualist-mystical reading not well supported by the immediate context (17:20 rejects observable-sign kingdom-spotting). Flag for theologian review as a disputed, doctrinally consequential rendering choice. | 17:21 |
| Blessed (beatitude) | μακάριος / makarios | heureux | Medium-High | Good News to Poor/Marginalized; Kingdom | Must retain the paradoxical eschatological-reversal force (poor/hungry/weeping now, blessed in the coming kingdom); risk of flattening into shallow feel-good “happy.” Keep distinct from εὐλογέω/“béni” (see below). | 6:20-22 |
| Blessed (invocation) | εὐλογέω / eulogeō | béni | Low-Medium | Messianic Promise | Distinct Greek word/sense from μακάριος above; do not conflate the two under one French term. | 1:42; 19:38 |
| Woe | οὐαί / ouai | malheur à… | Medium | Kingdom; prophetic warning | Prophetic judgment-lament formula, not an imprecatory curse. | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-47 |
| Mammon | μαμωνᾷ / mamōna | Mamon (transliterated, glossed “les richesses”) | Medium | Cost of Discipleship; Good News to Poor | Aramaic loanword personifying wealth as a rival master; French Bible tradition varies (transliteration vs. “les richesses”) — recommend transliteration + gloss to preserve the personification. | 16:9,11,13 |
| Hades | Ἅδης / Hadēs | le séjour des morts (gloss: “Hadès”) | Medium | Rich Man and Lazarus parable | Greek mythological underworld term; risk of importing pagan-mythology associations; French tradition prefers the descriptive phrase over bare transliteration. | 16:23 |
| Cost of Discipleship / Cross | αἴρειν τὸν σταυρὸν καθ’ ἡμέραν / airein ton stauron kath’ hēmeran | prendre sa croix chaque jour | High | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | Secular French idiom “porter sa croix” (endure hardship generically) risks flattening the specific, ongoing, voluntary self-denial Luke intends into generic misfortune-bearing. | 9:23; 14:27 |
| Authority | ἐξουσία / exousia | autorité | Medium-High | Christology; Kingdom | Distinct Greek root from δύναμις/“puissance” (REUSED baseline power_of_god); risk of a bureaucratic-institutional French connotation absent the personal, self-evident authority Luke stresses in Jesus’ teaching and exorcisms. | 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 20:2,8 |
| Joy | χαρά / chara | joie | Low-Medium | Discipleship; Repentance/Forgiveness; Kingdom | Distinctly Lukan theological theme (heaven’s joy over repentance, disciples’ joy at the kingdom’s advance) — flag as thematic, not merely emotional, vocabulary. | 1:14,44; 2:10; 10:17,21; 15:7,10,32; 24:41,52 |
| Prayer | προσεύχομαι / προσευχή / proseuchomai / proseuchē | prier / prière | Low-Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | Luke’s distinctive emphasis on Jesus praying at every major turning point; standard term, but teaching notes must draw out the dependence-on-God theology, not mere ritual observance. | 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1,10-13; 19:46; 22:32,40-46; 23:34,46 |
| Hallowed (Lord’s Prayer) | ἁγιάζω / hagiazō (ἁγιασθήτω) | soit sanctifié | High | Sanctification; Prayer | Liturgically fixed across nearly all French Christian traditions (“que ton nom soit sanctifié”); must match the universally known ecumenical wording exactly. | 11:2 |
| Passover | πάσχα / pascha | Pâque | Low | Last Supper; Salvation History | Retain the Passover-typology link to the institution of the Lord’s Supper. | 22:1,7-8,11,13,15 |
| Body and Blood (Institution) | τὸ σῶμά μου / τὸ αἷμά μου / to sōma mou / to haima mou | mon corps / mon sang | Critical | Last Supper; New Covenant | The most denominationally fraught text in the Gospel (Catholic sacramental-realist vs. Reformed/memorial views); render literally without importing either interpretive tradition; mandatory theologian review every occurrence. | 22:19-20 |
| New Covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / kainē diathēkē | nouvelle alliance | High | New Covenant; Israel | Combine REUSED covenant with new qualifier “καινή”; teach continuity-and-fulfillment with, not erasure of, God’s covenant with Israel, per baseline’s israel sensitivity note. | 22:20 |
| Anguish / Sweat like Blood | ἀγωνία / ἱδρῶς ὡσεὶ θρόμβοι αἵματος | angoisse / une sueur comme des gouttes de sang | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | Gethsemane; retain physical intensity without over-clinical phrasing. | 22:44 |
| Paradise | παράδεισος / paradeisos | paradis | Medium | Assurance; Kingdom Present | Secular French “paradis” (leisure/vacation connotation) risks trivializing the immediate-presence-with-Christ claim; teaching note required. | 23:43 |
| Righteous / Innocent (centurion’s confession) | δίκαιος / dikaios | juste / innocent | Medium | Righteousness; Savior for All Nations | A Gentile Roman soldier’s confession functions as outsider testimony to Jesus’ innocence — reinforces universal-Savior doctrine. | 23:47 |
| Eyes Opened | διανοίγω (τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς) / dianoigō | leurs yeux s’ouvrirent | Low-Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Resurrection | Ties to the seeing/blindness motif from 4:18 and 18:35-43. | 24:31 |
| Flesh and Bones | σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα / sarka kai ostea | chair et os | Low-Medium | Resurrection of Christ | Anti-docetic bodily-resurrection detail; low ambiguity risk in French culture (no strong competing reincarnation worldview, per baseline’s general resurrection note). | 24:39 |
| Ascension | ἀναφέρω / ἀναλαμβάνω (ἀνεφέρετο) / anapherō / analambanō | il fut enlevé au ciel (doctrine name: l’Ascension) | Medium | Salvation History; Kingdom Present and Future | Established French liturgical feast term; ensure historical-bodily departure sense is retained, not a merely spiritual/metaphorical exit. | 24:51 |
| Word of God | λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ / logos tou theou | parole de Dieu | Low-Medium | Inspiration of Scripture; Kingdom | Distinguish from REUSED gospel (Évangile, the message-content noun) — here the “seed” of the sower parable, the proclaimed/planted message. | 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28 |
| Mysteries of the Kingdom | μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας / mystēria tēs basileias | mystères du Royaume | Medium | Kingdom of God | French “mystères” carries Catholic sacramental-liturgical connotation (Rosary “mysteries”); ensure hidden-but-revealed kingdom-truth sense is retained, not liturgical ritual sense. | 8:10 |
| Compel to Come In | ἀναγκάζω εἰσελθεῖν / anankazō eiselthein | contrains-les d’entrer | Medium | Good News to Marginalized; Evangelism | Historically misused to justify coercive conversion; teaching note required to clarify urgent invitation, not coercion, per baseline’s evangelism doctrine caution against proselytizing pressure. | 14:23 |
| Lost and Found | ἀπολωλός / εὑρίσκω / apolōlos / heuriskō | perdu / retrouvé | Low-Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness; Compassion | Central refrain of ch.15’s three parables; must remain textually identical across all three (lost sheep, lost coin, prodigal son). | 15:4-32; 19:10 |
| Render to Caesar | ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι… / apodote ta Kaisaros Kaisari | rendez à César ce qui est à César, et à Dieu ce qui est à Dieu | Medium | Government/Authority (cf. Romans 13 parallel) | France’s strong secular laïcité framework may color reception; clarify this addresses a first-century tribute-tax dilemma, not a modern church-state theory. | 20:25 |
| Sons of the Resurrection | υἱοὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως / huioi tēs anastaseōs | fils de la résurrection | Medium | Resurrection of Christ | REUSED resurrection combined with Hebraic “sons of” idiom; low-medium risk given the idiom itself. | 20:36 |
| This Generation | ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη / hē genea hautē | cette génération | Low-Medium | Eschatology | Notoriously debated eschatological referent; render literally, resolve interpretively only in teaching commentary, not in translation. | 21:32 |
Cross-Reference: Terms Requiring Verbatim Cross-Document Consistency in Luke
Per the baseline’s cross-document consistency mandate (applied to Romans 1:16-17; 8:28; 10:9-10), the following Luke texts require identical French wording across every document in this curriculum:
- Luke 4:18-19 (the Isaiah citation / Nazareth manifesto) — the theological anchor of the entire curriculum.
- Luke 4:21 (“Aujourd’hui cette Écriture… s’est accomplie”) — the fulfillment climax of the core passage.
- Luke 7:50 / 8:48 / 17:19 / 18:42 (“ta foi t’a sauvée”) — the recurring salvation-faith formula.
- Luke 15:4-32 (“perdu… retrouvé”) — the lost-and-found refrain.
- Luke 18:14 (“justifié”) — the justification narrative, forensic sense required.
- Luke 19:9-10 (“le salut est venu… chercher et sauver ce qui était perdu”) — programmatic mission-summary.
- Luke 22:19-20 (Institution Narrative: “mon corps… mon sang… la nouvelle alliance”) — mandatory theologian-reviewed, denominationally sensitive wording.
- Luke 24:47 (“la repentance et le pardon des péchés… à toutes les nations”) — the Great Commission-adjacent capstone verse; must use “nations,” not “païens.”
Critical Risk Terms
Justification
Approved rendering: justification
Transliteration: justification
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: sanctification (conflation), salut (too generic)
Original: δικαιόω / δεδικαιωμένος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. CRITICAL: the historic Trent-vs-Reformation flashpoint. Luke 18:14 (the Pharisee and the tax collector) is the Gospel’s clearest justification-by-faith narrative; verb form ‘justifié’ must be used, never softened to ‘pardonné’ or ‘sanctifié’. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justice imputée
Transliteration: justice imputée
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justice méritée
Original: δεδικαιωμένος (narrative equivalent)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applied as the doctrinal frame behind Luke 18:14’s ‘justifié’ — the Pharisee’s self-presented merit is explicitly rejected by the narrative in favor of the tax collector’s unearned, declared status.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: résurrection
Transliteration: résurrection
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: renaissance
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνέστη
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Doctrinal climax of the Gospel at 24:6,34,46; Sadducee debate at 20:27-38; verbal form ‘il est ressuscité’. Never rendered with metaphorical-renewal or reincarnation vocabulary.
Lord
Approved rendering: Seigneur
Transliteration: Seigneur
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: maître, patron
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Luke 2:11 (‘le Christ, le Seigneur’) and the Psalm 110 argument (20:41-44) both require the same theologian-level care as the baseline’s Romans 10:9 escalation rule.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Fils de Dieu
Transliteration: Fils de Dieu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: envoyé de Dieu, homme divin
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applies at 1:35; 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70. Must never be read as adoptive or honorary sonship.
Beloved Son
Approved rendering: Fils bien-aimé
Transliteration: Fils bien-aimé
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: fils préféré (weakens uniqueness)
Original: υἱὸς ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
NEW CRITICAL TERM. Luke 9:35, the Father’s voice at the Transfiguration confirming Jesus’ unique Sonship. Tied directly to the baseline Critical term ‘Fils de Dieu’; treat with the same maximal precision given the direct divine-voice confirmation.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: le Fils de l’homme
Transliteration: le Fils de l’homme
Doctrine: Son of Man Christology
Rejected alternatives: un homme (flattens to mere humanity), moi (loses the title)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW CRITICAL TERM specific to Luke. Jesus’ favorite self-designation (~25 occurrences: 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,56,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22,24,26,30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7), drawing on Daniel 7’s apocalyptic authority-figure. Must not be read as merely ‘a human being’; a teaching note is required at first occurrence (5:24). Consistency required across every occurrence.
Anointed Verb
Approved rendering: il m’a oint
Transliteration: il m’a oint
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: onction (noun form forbidden — collides with the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick)
Original: χρίω (ἔχρισεν)
Category: Christology
NEW CRITICAL TERM. Luke 4:18, Jesus’ self-declared messianic Spirit-anointing citing Isaiah 61:1. Verb form is traditional and required; NEVER use the noun ‘onction’, which in contemporary French Catholic usage refers overwhelmingly to the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick (‘l’extrême-onction’). Every occurrence requires a teaching note distinguishing messianic Spirit-anointing from sacramental anointing. This is the theological anchor of the entire curriculum.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: mon corps / mon sang
Transliteration: mon corps / mon sang
Doctrine: Institution of the Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: transsubstantiation-implying phrasing (forbidden), simple symbole-implying phrasing (forbidden)
Original: τὸ σῶμά μου / τὸ αἷμά μου
Category: Covenant
NEW CRITICAL TERM. Luke 22:19-20. The single most denominationally fraught text in Christian tradition (Catholic transubstantiation vs. Reformed/memorial views). Render literally ‘ceci est mon corps… mon sang’ without importing either a Catholic sacramental-realist gloss or a bare-memorialist gloss. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence, parallel to the baseline’s justification/grace escalation logic.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Must render as wholly unmerited. Luke introduces two new French-specific collision risks tracked as separate entries below and never to be confused with this core soteriological sense: ‘kecharitōmenē’ (1:28, see favored_one) and ‘année de grâce du Seigneur’ (4:19, see acceptable_year_of_the_lord, a favorable era, not the salvific gift itself).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: justice (de Dieu)
Doctrine: Righteousness / Savior for All Nations
Rejected alternatives: vertu, droiture
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applies additionally to the centurion’s confession at the cross (23:47, δίκαιος); follow ‘juste’, tying to this term family, rather than a bare legal ‘innocent’ which loses the righteousness resonance.
Church
Approved rendering: Église
Transliteration: Église
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: temple (building only)
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. The lexical term ‘ekklēsia’ is absent from Luke’s Gospel proper (it appears in Acts); where the doctrine is taught from Luke material, use descriptive ‘communauté/corps’ language, never the bare institutional noun.
Law
Approved rendering: loi
Transliteration: loi (la Loi)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. ‘La Loi et les Prophètes’ formula recurs at 16:16,29,31; 24:44. Keep the referent narrowly Mosaic.
Election
Approved rendering: élection
Transliteration: élection
Doctrine: Election / Sovereign Choice
Rejected alternatives: chance, destin
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applied to the choosing of the Twelve (6:13) and, distinctly, Mary’s choice of ‘the good portion’ (10:42); use with the same caution regarding collision with the everyday French political/democratic sense.
Hallowed
Approved rendering: que ton nom soit sanctifié
Transliteration: que ton nom soit sanctifié
Doctrine: Hallowing of God’s Name in Prayer
Rejected alternatives: que ton nom soit saint (non-liturgical), sanctifie ton nom (imperative recast)
Original: ἁγιασθήτω
Category: Prayer
NEW TERM. Luke 11:2, the Lord’s Prayer (Luke’s own version, distinct from Matthew’s). Liturgically fixed across nearly all French Christian traditions in the universally memorized ‘Notre Père’; any deviation reads as a textual error, not a stylistic choice. Zero deviation permitted.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: Fils de David
Transliteration: Fils de David
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Luke 18:38-39; 20:41-44. Royal-messianic title invoked by a blind beggar — a marginalized figure who correctly perceives Jesus’ royal-messianic identity; central to ‘Savior for All Nations and All People’.
Kingdom In Your Midst
Approved rendering: au milieu de vous
Transliteration: au milieu de vous
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: en vous (individualist-mystical drift)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM, genuinely ambiguous Greek preposition entos hymōn. Luke 17:21. ‘Au milieu de vous’ (corporate-locative) is REQUIRED over ‘en vous’ (within you), since 17:20 explicitly rejects observable-sign, private kingdom-spotting. Disputed, doctrinally consequential rendering; mandatory theologian review.
Nations
Approved rendering: nations
Transliteration: nations
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: païens (pejorative in this sense)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
NEW TERM, distinct entry to force a context check at every occurrence of ethnē. Luke 2:32; 24:47. MUST be rendered ‘les nations’, NEVER ‘païens’, at every inclusion-focused occurrence: ‘païens’ carries a pejorative connotation in modern French that would directly undercut the doctrine of dignified universal inclusion. The single most consequential lexical decision in this curriculum’s mission vocabulary.
Release Liberty
Approved rendering: libération
Transliteration: libération
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: pardon (reserved for the sin-forgiveness sense)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18 (captives; oppressed), aphesis in its social/physical-release sense. Same Greek lexeme as ‘forgiveness_of_sins’ below; French cannot bridge both senses in one word. Every occurrence of aphesis must be flagged to determine which sense is active, since Luke deliberately links the two across the Gospel (4:18 → 24:47 structural bracket).
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: pardon des péchés
Transliteration: pardon des péchés
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: libération (reserved for the social-release sense)
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 17:3-4; 23:34; 24:47 (aphesis hamartiōn). This is the deliberate structural bracket of Luke’s entire Gospel (4:18 → 24:47); flag for consistency across all occurrences.
Repentance
Approved rendering: repentance / se repentir
Transliteration: repentance / se repentir
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: pénitence (imports the Catholic sacramental-penitential system)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 3:3,8; 5:32; 10:13; 11:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 16:30; 17:3-4; 24:47 (metanoia/metanoeō). NEVER render as ‘pénitence’ — this imports acts of penance/satisfaction foreign to Luke’s sense of transformative reorientation, the same class of risk the baseline documents for ‘sanctification’ vs. ritual purification.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: année de grâce du Seigneur
Transliteration: année de grâce du Seigneur
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 4:19, alluding to the Leviticus 25 Jubilee. High risk for two French-specific reasons: (1) echoes the baseline’s High-risk ‘grâce’ term but names a favorable ERA, not the salvific gift itself; (2) contemporary French preserves ‘l’an de grâce [year]’ as a common secular dating idiom, risking flattening into a mere calendar convention. Leviticus 25 background MUST be taught explicitly.
Favored One
Approved rendering: favorisée par la grâce (de Dieu)
Transliteration: favorisée par la grâce (de Dieu)
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: pleine de grâce (Vulgate-liturgical calque, imports Marian dogma)
Original: κεχαριτωμένη
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 1:28 (kecharitōmenē), Gabriel’s address to Mary. The Vulgate-derived Catholic liturgical phrase ‘pleine de grâce’ (the Hail Mary) risks importing later Marian dogma — a permanently possessed fullness of grace — beyond the Greek’s past-passive participle, which asserts a completed divine action, not an inherent quality. Mandatory theologian review given the direct collision with baseline grace conventions.
Blasphemy Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: blasphème contre l’Esprit Saint
Transliteration: blasphème contre l’Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 12:10. Requires careful, pastorally sensitive French handling; French Catholic penitential culture has a documented tendency toward scrupulous anxiety over one’s standing before God (‘scrupules’). Mandatory theologian review for pastoral framing.
Compassion
Approved rendering: être pris de compassion
Transliteration: être pris de compassion
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: compassion (bare noun, too cerebral)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
NEW TERM. Luke 7:13; 10:33 (Samaritan); 15:20 (father) (splanchnizomai). Literally ‘moved in one’s inward parts’ — visceral, gut-level compassion, stronger than the more cerebral French ‘compassion’ alone conveys; always pair with an embodied verb phrase.
Blessed Beatitude
Approved rendering: heureux
Transliteration: heureux
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: béni (reserved for eulogeō, a different Greek word)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Compassion
NEW TERM. Luke 6:20-22 (makarios). Must retain the paradoxical eschatological-reversal force (poor/hungry/weeping now, blessed in the coming kingdom); risk of flattening into shallow ‘happy’. Retain the terse oracular form ‘Heureux vous qui…’; do not expand into a descriptive sentence.
Cost Of Discipleship Cross
Approved rendering: prendre sa croix chaque jour
Transliteration: prendre sa croix chaque jour
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: porter sa croix (secular idiom, flattens to generic hardship-bearing)
Original: αἴρειν τὸν σταυρὸν καθ’ ἡμέραν
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Luke 9:23; 14:27. The secular French idiom ‘porter sa croix’ (endure hardship generically) risks flattening Luke’s specific, ongoing, voluntary self-denial into passive fatalistic suffering-bearing. Retain the full phrase ‘chaque jour… prendre sa croix’ as a unit. Never render the cross itself with the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ ‘poteau de supplice’ — always ‘croix’.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: nouvelle alliance
Transliteration: nouvelle alliance
Doctrine: The New Covenant and Israel
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 22:20 (kainē diathēkē). Combines REUSED ‘alliance’ with ‘nouvelle’; must be taught as continuity-and-fulfillment of, not replacement/erasure of, God’s covenant with Israel, given France’s significant Jewish community and its own fraught 20th-century history.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: foi
Transliteration: foi
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: croyance, religion
Original: πίστις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Must specify personal trust in Christ, not adherence to a religious system. Luke’s recurring formula ‘ta foi t’a sauvée’ (7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42) must be verbatim-identical at all four occurrences.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salut
Transliteration: salut
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: délivrance
Original: σωτηρία / σώζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Luke pairs salvation repeatedly with ‘aujourd’hui’ (19:9) and with socially marginal recipients (a tax collector, a dying criminal); must not be read as mediated only through institutional standing.
Called
Approved rendering: appelé
Transliteration: appelé
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: invité
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Context-sensitive; applies at 1:32,35,76 and to the naming of the apostles (6:15). Never render as ‘invité’.
Calling
Approved rendering: appel
Transliteration: appel
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocation (clergy-narrowing risk)
Original: κλῆσις (conceptual)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Never render as ‘vocation’ for the general believer’s calling in Luke (fishermen, a tax collector are the ones called, 5:10-11,27-28); reserve ‘vocation’ only for explicit occupational contexts.
Holy
Approved rendering: saint
Transliteration: saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: pur
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package unchanged.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sanctification
Transliteration: sanctification
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purification
Original: ἁγιάζω (conceptual, cf. 11:2)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package unchanged as doctrine name. The specific Lord’s Prayer wording (‘que ton nom soit sanctifié’, 11:2) is handled under the new ‘hallowed’ entry below, which carries its own High-risk liturgical-consistency requirement.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: incarnation
Transliteration: incarnation
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: (conceptual; cf. 1:31-35, 2:1-20)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package unchanged as doctrine name; narratively grounded in 1:26-35 and 2:1-20, though no single Lukan lexeme corresponds to it. Chief risk is secular flattening via ‘incarner’ (to embody a role).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Royaume de Dieu
Transliteration: Royaume de Dieu
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Extremely high frequency throughout Luke (4:43; 6:20; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31; 13:18-29; 14:15; 17:20-21; 18:16-17,24-25,29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16,18); the now/not-yet tension must be preserved in every teaching context. See new ‘kingdom_in_your_midst’ entry for the High-risk 17:21 rendering choice.
Sin
Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: péché
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Extremely high frequency in Luke; watch colloquial trivialization (‘péché mignon’) softening the weight of Luke’s repeated, narratively concrete accounts of sin and its forgiveness.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: païens
Transliteration: païens
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Rich and Poor
Rejected alternatives: étrangers
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. RESERVE for the neutral/political sense of ethnē only (21:24; 22:25). See the new ‘nations’ entry below for the missional/inclusion sense (2:32; 24:47), which MUST NOT use this term.
Glory
Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: gloire
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applies at 2:9,14,32; 9:31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 24:26.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: puissance de Dieu
Transliteration: puissance de Dieu
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: force
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. 24:49’s ‘puissance d’en haut’ anticipates Pentecost, linking forward into Acts. Distinct Greek root (dynamis) from the new ‘authority’ entry (exousia) below.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messie
Transliteration: Messie
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / Μεσσίας
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Peter’s confession (9:20, ‘le Christ de Dieu’) requires the same escalation care as a salvation-confession text.
Covenant
Approved rendering: alliance
Transliteration: alliance
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrat
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Invoked at 1:72; see the new ‘new_covenant’ entry for the High-risk qualifier ‘καινή’ at 22:20.
Mission
Approved rendering: mission
Transliteration: mission
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστέλλω / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applied to Jesus himself (4:18), the Twelve (9:1-2), the Seventy(-two) (10:1-3), and the nations (24:47-49). Frame as gospel proclamation, not cultural conquest, given France’s colonial missionary history.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israël
Transliteration: Israël
Doctrine: The New Covenant and Israel
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Handle the Jerusalem laments (13:34; 19:41-44) historically, not polemically, given France’s significant Jewish community.
God
Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Note: this entry tracks lexical risk for the stable term ‘Dieu’ itself; the associated doctrine ‘Deity of Christ’ (i.e., that Jesus IS this God) is tracked at Critical risk in the doctrine risk registry — a different, Christological question from the word’s own translation stability.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Central to ‘The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History’ (1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49). Note: this entry tracks lexical risk for the stable term itself; the doctrine of Spirit-continuity across salvation history is tracked at Critical risk in the doctrine risk registry given the risk that French readers may not equate this with the new ‘spirit_of_the_lord’ OT-idiom entry below.
Father
Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: Père
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Addressed by Jesus at 11:2, 22:42, 23:34, 23:46. 11:2 must match the established ecumenical liturgical French exactly (‘Notre Père qui es aux cieux’).
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Not used directly in Luke’s Gospel text, but doctrine-adjacent Père/prayer teaching material must stay consistent with this baseline convention.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: descendance de David
Transliteration: descendance de David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: semence de David (archaic)
Original: θρόνος Δαυίδ / descendance
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applies at 1:27,32-33,69; 2:4; 3:31. Modern, non-archaic rendering to use throughout.
Savior
Approved rendering: Sauveur
Transliteration: Sauveur
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: rédempteur (imprecise), héros (secular drift)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM specific to Luke. Applied to Jesus at 1:47 and 2:11. Ecumenically stable ‘Sauveur’, but secular French usage (‘un sauveur’ in sports, cinema) can flatten the term to a generic heroic-rescuer figure; anchor with possessive/relational context (‘notre Sauveur’) and a teaching note at first occurrence.
Sons Of Resurrection
Approved rendering: fils de la résurrection
Transliteration: fils de la résurrection
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: υἱοὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Luke 20:36. Hebraic ‘sons of’ idiom combined with the REUSED baseline ‘résurrection’; render literally, low-medium ambiguity risk in French.
Transfiguration
Approved rendering: il fut transfiguré
Transliteration: il fut transfiguré
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: il fut transformé (loses doctrinal specificity)
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Luke 9:29. Established French liturgical/feast term ‘la Transfiguration’; ensure the historical-event sense is retained, not a metaphorical ‘transformation’.
Authority
Approved rendering: autorité
Transliteration: autorité
Doctrine: Authority of Christ
Rejected alternatives: puissance (different Greek root, dynamis)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Luke 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 20:2,8 (exousia). Distinct Greek root from dynamis/‘puissance’; French ‘autorité’ risks a bureaucratic-institutional connotation absent the personal, self-evident authority Luke stresses in Jesus’ teaching and exorcisms.
Righteous Innocent
Approved rendering: juste
Transliteration: juste
Doctrine: Righteousness / Savior for All Nations
Rejected alternatives: innocent (bare legal sense, loses righteousness resonance)
Original: δίκαιος (23:47)
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Luke 23:47, the centurion’s confession (dikaios). A Gentile Roman soldier’s confession functions as outsider testimony reinforcing the universal-Savior doctrine; follow ‘juste’ to tie to the righteousness term family, per the translation landscape’s recommendation.
Ascension
Approved rendering: il fut enlevé au ciel
Transliteration: il fut enlevé au ciel
Doctrine: Ascension of Christ
Original: ἀνεφέρετο / ἀνελήφθη
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Luke 24:51. Established French liturgical feast term ‘l’Ascension’ (a public holiday in France); ensure the historical-bodily departure sense is retained, not a merely spiritual/metaphorical exit or a purely calendrical association.
Eyes Opened
Approved rendering: leurs yeux s’ouvrirent
Transliteration: leurs yeux s’ouvrirent
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: διανοίγω (τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς)
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Luke 24:31, the Emmaus disciples’ recognition of the risen Jesus. Ties to the seeing/blindness motif from 4:18 (recovery of sight) and 18:35-43; not merely physical vision but spiritual perception.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: parole de Dieu
Transliteration: parole de Dieu
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28. Distinguish from the baseline noun ‘Évangile’ — here it names the proclaimed, planted message (the sower’s seed), not the gospel-content noun itself.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: s’est accomplie
Transliteration: s’est accomplie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: s’est réalisée (implies coincidental fulfillment)
Original: πληρόω (πεπλήρωται)
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 4:21; 24:44 (peplērōtai). Must render ‘s’est accomplie’, NEVER ‘s’est réalisée’, which suggests coincidental fulfillment rather than divine, prophetic accomplishment. Cross-document verbatim consistency required at 4:21.
Sign
Approved rendering: signe
Transliteration: signe
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: indice (mere clue)
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 2:12; 11:29-30; 21:11,25. Retain the divinely-meaningful sense of sēmeion; avoid reduction to a mere ‘clue’.
Mysteries Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: mystères du Royaume
Transliteration: mystères du Royaume
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 8:10. French ‘mystères’ carries a strong Catholic sacramental-liturgical connotation (e.g. the Rosary’s ‘mystères’); a teaching note must distinguish the hidden-but-revealed kingdom-truth sense from the liturgical-ritual sense.
This Generation
Approved rendering: cette génération
Transliteration: cette génération
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 21:32. Notoriously debated eschatological referent; render literally and resolve interpretively only in teaching commentary, never in the translation itself.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: vie éternelle
Transliteration: vie éternelle
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Luke 10:25; 18:18,30. Standard French term; guard against a purely Platonic/spiritualized-afterlife reading divorced from Luke’s bodily, this-age-and-the-age-to-come kingdom hope.
Consolation
Approved rendering: consolation (d’Israël)
Transliteration: consolation (d’Israël)
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 2:25, Simeon’s messianic hope. Ties OT covenant hope to messianic fulfillment; requires an OT-hope background note (Isaiah’s comfort oracles).
Scroll Book
Approved rendering: le livre
Transliteration: le livre
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: rouleau (historically precise but breaks established register)
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 4:17, the scroll of Isaiah. Modern French ‘livre’ evokes a bound printed book; readers with low biblical-historical literacy may not picture a scroll — recommend a teaching-note clarification; retain ‘livre’ in running text.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: Samaritain
Transliteration: Samaritain
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Rich and Poor
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Luke 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16. Lexically stable, but the historical Jewish-Samaritan enmity underlying the social scandal must be supplied by teaching notes; French readers cannot recover this background from the lexeme alone.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: prochain
Transliteration: prochain
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles, Rich and Poor
Original: πλησίον
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Luke 10:27,29,36. Stable French idiom (‘aimer son prochain’); ensure the Good Samaritan parable’s redefinition — neighbor as whoever shows mercy, crossing ethnic boundaries — is not lost.
Compel To Come In
Approved rendering: contrains-les d’entrer
Transliteration: contrains-les d’entrer
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: force-les à entrer (heightens coercive reading)
Original: ἀναγκάζω εἰσελθεῖν
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Luke 14:23. Historically misused to justify coercive conversion; a teaching note is required clarifying urgent invitation, not coercion, given France’s laïque culture’s sensitivity to religious pressure.
Render To Caesar
Approved rendering: rendez à César ce qui est à César, et à Dieu ce qui est à Dieu
Transliteration: rendez à César ce qui est à César, et à Dieu ce qui est à Dieu
Doctrine: Authority of Christ
Original: ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ θεῷ
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Luke 20:25. France’s strong secular laïcité framework may color reception; a teaching note must clarify this addresses a first-century tribute-tax dilemma, not a modern church-state theory.
Overshadow
Approved rendering: couvrira de son ombre
Transliteration: couvrira de son ombre
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ἐπισκιάζω
Category: God
NEW TERM. Luke 1:35. Alludes to the Exodus Shekinah-cloud theophany; a teaching note is required to supply this background, or French readers risk a merely poetic/protective reading.
Mercy
Approved rendering: miséricorde
Transliteration: miséricorde
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: pitié (weaker register in covenant contexts)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW TERM. Luke 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 18:38-39. Elevated register in modern French; ensure comprehension at the target lycée reading level.
Baptism
Approved rendering: baptême
Transliteration: baptême
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50 (fig.); 20:4. Ecumenically stable term; note live Catholic/Protestant mode-and-timing disagreements exist in French religious culture but are outside this Gospel’s own narrative scope — keep descriptive, not prescriptive.
Recovery Of Sight
Approved rendering: le retour à la vue
Transliteration: le retour à la vue
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάβλεψις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18; fulfilled narratively at 18:35-43 (anablepsis). Retain both the literal and the symbolic (‘spiritual sight’) registers Luke intends.
Oppressed Crushed
Approved rendering: les opprimés
Transliteration: les opprimés
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: les brisés (literal but opaque in running text)
Original: τεθραυσμένοι
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18 (tethrausmenoi). ‘Opprimés’ clarifies the social-justice sense for modern readers; the literal ‘shattered’ body-image is best preserved via teaching commentary rather than the main translated text.
Redemption
Approved rendering: rédemption / délivrance
Transliteration: rédemption / délivrance
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: rescousse (too casual)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 1:68 (lytrōsis); 2:38; 21:28 (apolytrōsis). ‘Rédemption’ preserves the ransom-metaphor where theologically load-bearing (21:28); ‘délivrance’ suits the more general liberation sense (2:38).
Lost And Found
Approved rendering: perdu / retrouvé
Transliteration: perdu / retrouvé
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀπολωλός / εὑρίσκω
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 15:4-32 (apolōlos/heuriskō), echoed at 19:10. Must remain textually identical across all three ch.15 parables (lost sheep, lost coin, prodigal son).
Sinner
Approved rendering: pécheur(s)
Transliteration: pécheur(s)
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 (hamartōlos). Central to this doctrine; must retain the scandal-and-grace tension of Jesus eating with this group, not reduce to a casual moral-failure label.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: publicain(s)
Transliteration: publicain(s) / collecteur(s) d’impôts
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 3:12; 5:27,29-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2,7-8 (telōnēs). ‘Publicains’ is the traditional French Bible term but may be unfamiliar to secular readers; ‘collecteurs d’impôts’ loses the ‘ritually suspect Roman collaborator’ connotation — pair both on first use (5:27).
Wrath
Approved rendering: colère (à venir)
Transliteration: colère (à venir)
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ὀργή
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 3:7 (orgē), John the Baptist’s warning. Avoid trivializing as mere anger; retain the judicial, eschatological force of the warning.
Gehenna
Approved rendering: géhenne
Transliteration: géhenne
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: γέεννα
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 12:5 (parallel usage; geenna). Transliterate ‘géhenne’; the OT valley-of-Hinnom background must be supplied by a teaching note.
Hades
Approved rendering: le séjour des morts
Transliteration: le séjour des morts (Hadès)
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: Hadès (bare transliteration, risks pagan-mythology import)
Original: Ἅδης
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 16:23, the Rich Man and Lazarus. Greek mythological underworld term; French Bible tradition prefers the descriptive phrase over bare transliteration.
Mammon
Approved rendering: Mamon
Transliteration: Mamon
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: l’argent (loses the personification)
Original: μαμωνᾷ
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 16:9,11,13 (mamōna). Aramaic loanword personifying wealth as a rival master; transliterate with a gloss (‘Mamon, personnifiant les richesses’) to preserve the personification.
Devil
Approved rendering: le diable
Transliteration: le diable
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: διάβολος
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 4:2-13 (diabolos). Stable term; minor risk of folkloric/cartoonish trivialization in secular French culture — keep the personal, spiritual-enemy sense.
Unclean Spirit
Approved rendering: esprit impur
Transliteration: esprit impur
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 4:33,36 (pneuma akatharton). Avoid confusing with ritual-purity categories foreign to Luke’s exorcism narratives.
Worship
Approved rendering: adorer
Transliteration: adorer
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 4:7-8 (proskyneō), the temptation narrative. Must retain exclusive-worship weight, tied to first-commandment monotheism.
Woe
Approved rendering: malheur à…
Transliteration: malheur à…
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: maudit soit… (imprecatory curse, wrong register)
Original: οὐαί
Category: Compassion
NEW TERM. Luke 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-47 (ouai). A prophetic judgment-lament formula, not an imprecatory curse.
Blessed Invocation
Approved rendering: béni
Transliteration: béni
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: heureux (reserved for makarios, a different Greek word)
Original: εὐλογέω
Category: Compassion
NEW TERM. Luke 1:42; 19:38 (eulogeō). Distinct Greek word/sense from makarios above; do not conflate the two under one French term.
Prayer
Approved rendering: prier / prière
Transliteration: prier / prière
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσεύχομαι / προσευχή
Category: Prayer
NEW TERM. Luke 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1,10-13; 19:46; 22:32,40-46; 23:34,46 (proseuchomai/proseuchē). Luke’s distinctive emphasis on Jesus praying at every major turning point; teaching notes must draw out the dependence-on-God theology, not mere ritual observance.
Anguish Sweat Blood
Approved rendering: angoisse / une sueur comme des gouttes de sang
Transliteration: angoisse / une sueur comme des gouttes de sang
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ἀγωνία … ἱδρὼς ὡσεὶ θρόμβοι αἵματος
Category: Prayer
NEW TERM. Luke 22:44. Gethsemane prayer-struggle; retain the physical intensity without over-clinical phrasing. Present in the majority manuscript text; retain in the main translated text per mainstream French practice.
Paradise
Approved rendering: paradis
Transliteration: paradis
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Luke 23:43 (paradeisos), promise to the dying criminal. Secular French ‘paradis’ carries a leisure/vacation connotation risking trivialization; a teaching note is required. CRITICAL PUNCTUATION NOTE: the comma must precede ‘aujourd’hui’ — ‘Je te le dis en vérité, aujourd’hui tu seras avec moi dans le paradis’ — never displaced after ‘aujourd’hui’ as in the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Traduction du Monde Nouveau, which shifts the comma to deny immediate afterlife presence.
Follow
Approved rendering: suivre
Transliteration: suivre
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Luke 9:23,57-62 (akoloutheō). Stable term; ensure the discipleship weight is retained, not mere physical accompaniment.
Joy
Approved rendering: joie
Transliteration: joie
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Luke 1:14,44; 2:10; 10:17,21; 15:7,10,32; 24:41,52 (chara). A distinctly Lukan theological theme; flag as thematic, not merely emotional, vocabulary.
Spirit Of The Lord
Approved rendering: l’Esprit du Seigneur
Transliteration: l’Esprit du Seigneur
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: Πνεῦμα Κυρίου
Category: God
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18, citing Isaiah 61:1. A distinct string from ‘Esprit Saint’ but denoting the same divine Person. Teaching material must clarify this is not a lesser or different spirit but the same Spirit under the OT idiom ‘Spirit of the LORD’. Never reinsert ‘Jéhovah’ into this OT citation, as the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Traduction du Monde Nouveau does.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: volonté (de Dieu)
Transliteration: volonté (de Dieu)
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: τὸ θέλημα
Category: God
NEW TERM. Luke 22:42, Gethsemane. Central ‘Prayer and Dependence on God’ text; render plainly, preserving the tension between Jesus’ human will and submission to the Father’s purpose.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Évangile
Transliteration: Évangile
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: bonne nouvelle (informal only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίσασθαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Shared, stable term across Catholic and Protestant French Bibles. In Luke, the verb form (euangelisasthai, 4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1) is rendered ‘annoncer la Bonne Nouvelle’ (capitalized) to anchor it visually to this noun doctrine; never lower-case to a casual ‘bonne nouvelle’.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apôtre
Transliteration: apôtre
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. First applied to the Twelve at Luke 6:13.
Peace
Approved rendering: paix
Transliteration: paix
Doctrine: Peace with God
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Distinguish 2:14’s ‘paix sur la terre’ from Roman pax-propaganda that the original audience would recognize; teaching note recommended.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: action de grâce
Transliteration: action de grâce
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applied at 17:16 (the healed Samaritan returns giving thanks) and 22:17,19.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: prophète
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: voyant
Original: προφήτης / προφῆτις
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Feminine form ‘prophétesse’ applies to Anna (2:36); extremely frequent throughout Luke.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prophétie
Transliteration: prophétie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία (conceptual)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package unchanged.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package unchanged.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhorter
Transliteration: exhorter
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Encouragement contexts, e.g. 3:18.
Flesh And Bones
Approved rendering: chair et os
Transliteration: chair et os
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. Luke 24:39. Anti-docetic bodily-resurrection detail; low ambiguity risk in French culture, which lacks a strong competing reincarnation worldview.
Custom
Approved rendering: selon sa coutume
Transliteration: selon sa coutume
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: τὸ εἰωθός
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 4:16. Establishes Jesus as a faithful, Torah-observant participant in synagogue worship life.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: synagogue
Transliteration: synagogue
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: église (wrong institution)
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 4:16 and throughout. Stable cognate; must be fenced against conflation with the baseline’s ‘Église’ — do not conflate the Jewish assembly with the Christian ekklēsia.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: jour du sabbat
Transliteration: jour du sabbat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 4:16 and Sabbath controversies (6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6). Capitalize ‘Sabbat’ per established covenant-specific-term convention.
Most High
Approved rendering: le Très-Haut
Transliteration: le Très-Haut
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Ὕψιστος
Category: God
NEW TERM. Luke 1:32,35,76; 2:14; 6:35; 8:28. Established, stable divine title across French tradition.
Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: proclamer
Transliteration: proclamer
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: annoncer (reserved for euangelizomai)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Luke 4:18-19; 8:39; 9:60; 12:3; 24:47 (kēryssō). Keep ‘proclamer’ distinct in register from ‘annoncer’ to preserve Luke’s deliberate two-verb distinction.
Tempt
Approved rendering: tenter
Transliteration: tenter
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: πειράζω / πειρασμός
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 4:2,13 (peirazō/peirasmos). Low risk; stable term.
Leprosy
Approved rendering: lèpre
Transliteration: lèpre
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: λέπρα
Category: Sin
NEW TERM. Luke 5:12-13; 17:12-19 (lepra). The ancient category included various skin diseases beyond modern Hansen’s disease; avoid over-medicalizing.
Passover
Approved rendering: Pâque
Transliteration: Pâque
Doctrine: Institution of the Lord’s Supper
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
NEW TERM. Luke 22:1,7-8,11,13,15 (pascha). Must retain the Passover-typology link to the institution of the Lord’s Supper, not merely ‘a meal’.
Referenced passages