Core Glossary: Deuteronomy

Legend

• Status: REUSE — term is fixed in baseline translation_memory.json; use exactly as recorded, no deviation.
• Status: NEW — term is new to this curriculum; French rendering proposed here for Phase 2 adoption into translation memory.
• Risk — Critical / High / Medium / Low, per baseline risk-tier definitions.

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#	English Term	French Rendering	Original (Hebrew; LXX Greek where cross-referenced)	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Primary Passages	Notes
1	LORD (divine name, YHWH)	le SEIGNEUR (small caps)	יְהוָה; LXX κύριος	YHWH / Adonai	NEW	Critical	Throughout	Must be typographically distinguished from baseline “Seigneur” (Kyrios/Christ). Alternative rejected: “l’Éternel” (acceptable Segond variant but inconsistent with TOB/BJ ecumenical register anchor); “Yahvé” rejected as obsolete register.
2	God	Dieu	אֱלֹהִים; LXX θεός	Elohim	REUSE (baseline god)	Medium	Throughout	Identical referent to baseline; no new risk beyond baseline notes.
3	Hear (Shema)	Écoute	שְׁמַע; LXX ἄκουε	shema	NEW	High	6:3, 6:4, 9:1, 20:3, 27:9	No French verb captures “hear-and-obey” fusion; must gloss connecting to obedience (cf. baseline obedience_of_faith).
4	one / alone (of God)	un / seul	אֶחָד; LXX εἷς	echad	NEW	Critical	6:4	Exclusivity affirmation, not a statement adjudicating Trinitarian plurality-in-unity; mandatory theologian note required.
5	love (covenantal)	aimer / amour	אָהַב; LXX ἀγαπάω	ahav	NEW	Critical	6:5, 7:8-9, 10:12,19, 11:1,13,22, 30:6,16,20	Committed covenant loyalty, not mere sentiment; risk of French sentimentalization.
6	heart (whole inner person)	cœur	לֵבָב; LXX καρδία	levav	NEW	Medium	6:5,6, 10:16, 30:6	Encompasses mind/will/emotion, not only feeling; gloss required.
7	soul (whole living self)	âme	נֶפֶשׁ; LXX ψυχή	nephesh	NEW	Medium	6:5, 12:23	Avoid Platonic body/soul dualism; denotes the whole person/life.
8	might / strength	force	מְאֹד; LXX δύναμις	me’od	NEW	Low-Medium	6:5	Distinguish from baseline power_of_god (“puissance de Dieu”), which denotes divine, not human, power.
9	commandment	commandement	מִצְוָה	mitzvah	NEW	Medium	6:1, throughout	Singular binding directive; distinct from statutes/rules.
10	statutes	statuts / décrets	חֻקִּים	chuqqim	NEW	Low	6:1, throughout	Engraved, fixed decrees, often ceremonial.
11	rules / ordinances	ordonnances	מִשְׁפָּטִים	mishpatim	NEW	Medium	6:1, throughout	Case-law rulings; do not collapse into “loi” generically.
12	law / Torah	loi (la Loi)	תּוֹרָה; LXX νόμος	Torah	REUSE (baseline law)	High	4, 27, 28, 30, 31	Confirm this Deuteronomic self-designation (“this Torah”) is the referent baseline anticipates.
13	covenant	alliance	בְּרִית; LXX διαθήκη	berit	REUSE (baseline covenant)	High	4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 26, 28, 29, 31	Central book-wide theme; identical referent to baseline notes.
14	teach diligently	inculquer avec soin	שִׁנֵּן	shanan	NEW	Low-Medium	6:7, 11:19	Repetition-to-second-nature intensity; avoid bland “enseigner.”
15	fear (of the LORD)	crainte (révérencielle) de l’Éternel/du SEIGNEUR	יָרֵא	yare’	NEW	High	6:2,13,24, 10:12,20, 13:4, 17:19, 31:12-13	Reverential awe, not terror; risk of “peur” collapse in ordinary French.
16	sign	signe	אוֹת	ot	NEW	Low	6:8, 11:18	Visible marker of covenant devotion.
17	frontlets / phylacteries	phylactères	טוֹטָפֹת	totafot	NEW	Medium	6:8, 11:18	Distinctively Jewish devotional practice; avoid supersessionist framing.
18	doorposts	montants de porte (mezouza)	מְזוּזָה	mezuzah	NEW	Low-Medium	6:9, 11:20	May gloss transliterated “mezouza” for cultural recognition.
19	remember	se souvenir	זָכַר	zakhar	NEW	Medium-High	5:15, 7:18, 8:2,18, 9:7, 15:15, 16:3,12, 24:18,22, 32:7	Active, formative covenant recollection, not idle nostalgia; central to doctrine of Remembering God’s Redemption.
20	forget	oublier	שָׁכַח	shakhach	NEW	Medium	4:9,23,31, 6:12, 8:11,14,19, 9:7	Theological opposite of zakhar; root of pride/self-sufficiency warning.
21	redeem / redemption	racheter / rédemption	פָּדָה / גָּאַל	padah / ga’al	NEW	High	7:8, 9:26, 13:5, 15:15, 21:8, 24:18	Grounds Israel’s identity in gracious divine rescue, not merit; connects to baseline salvation.
22	mighty hand and outstretched arm	main forte et bras étendu	יָד חֲזָקָה וּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה	yad chazaqah u-zroa netuyah	NEW	Medium	4:34, 5:15, 7:19, 26:8	Fixed liturgical formula for the Exodus deliverance; render consistently every occurrence.
23	house of slavery	maison de servitude	בֵּית עֲבָדִים	beit avadim	NEW	Medium	5:6, 6:12, 8:14, 13:5	Fixed formula naming Egypt; consistent rendering required.
24	choose / chosen	choisir / élu	בָּחַר	bachar	NEW	High	7:6-8, 12:5,11,14, 14:2, 30:19	Same collision risk as baseline election; explicit anti-merit clarification required (7:7-8 denies merit basis).
25	treasured possession	peuple précieux / propriété particulière	סְגֻלָּה	segullah	NEW	Medium	7:6, 14:2, 26:18	Covenant intimacy, not possessive utility; echoed in 1 Peter 2:9.
26	holy nation / holy people	peuple saint	עַם קָדוֹשׁ	am qadosh	NEW, cross-ref REUSE holy/saints	High	7:6, 14:2,21, 26:19, 28:9	Corporate consecration of the whole nation; consistent with baseline saints caution against elite-veneration misreading.
27	idol / carved image	idole / image taillée	פֶּסֶל	pesel	NEW	High	4:16,23,25; 5:8; 27:15	Sensitive given French Catholic visual piety (statues, icons); clarify the text targets worship of rival images, not visual art.
28	other gods	dieux étrangers / autres dieux	אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים	elohim acherim	NEW	High	5:7; 6:14; 7:4; 8:19; 11:16,28; 13; 17:3; 28:14,36,64; 29:26; 31:18,20; 32:16-17	Recurring technical phrase for idolatrous rivals; reinforces Shema’s exclusivity.
29	jealous God	Dieu jaloux	אֵל קַנָּא	El qanna	NEW	High	4:24, 5:9, 6:15	”Jaloux” carries negative connotation in ordinary French; requires covenantal-fidelity gloss, distinct from petty jealousy.
30	cities of refuge	villes de refuge	עָרֵי הַמִּקְלָט	arei ha-miklat	NEW	Medium	4:41-43, 19	Judicial mercy institution; avoid conflation with unrelated modern asylum politics.
31	blessing	bénédiction	בְּרָכָה	berakah	NEW	Medium	11:26-29, 27-28, 30:1,19, 33	Central covenant-sanctions vocabulary; consistent rendering required chs. 11/27/28/30.
32	curse	malédiction	קְלָלָה	qelalah	NEW	Medium	11:26-29, 27-28, 29:20-21, 30:1,19	Paired term with blessing; consistent rendering required.
33	cursed (performative, “arur”)	maudit (soit)	אָרוּר	arur	NEW	Medium	27:15-26, 28:16-19	Formal liturgical curse-pronouncement register, distinct from ordinary “malédiction” noun form.
34	cursed who is hanged on a tree	maudit de Dieu celui qui est pendu au bois	קִלְלַת אֱלֹהִים תָּלוּי	qilelat Elohim taluy	NEW	Critical	21:22-23	Direct exegetical source for Galatians 3:13 atonement doctrine; mandatory theologian review.
35	circumcise the heart	circoncire le cœur / circoncision du cœur	מוּל לֵב	mul lev	NEW	High	10:16, 30:6	Direct conceptual and lexical ancestor of Romans 2:29; cross-check consistency if curriculum later covers Romans 2.
36	sojourner / stranger	étranger	גֵּר	ger	NEW	Medium	10:19, 14:21,29, 16:11,14, 24:14,17-21, 26:11-13, 27:19	French “étranger” carries contemporary immigration-debate connotation; teach as covenant-protection category, echoing Israel’s own history.
37	widow and orphan	veuve et orphelin	אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם	almanah ve-yatom	NEW	Low	10:18, 14:29, 16:11,14, 24:17,19-21, 26:12-13, 27:19	Paired vulnerable-persons formula; consistent rendering.
38	tithe	dîme	מַעֲשֵׂר	ma’aser	NEW	Low	14:22-29, 26:12	Established French term; note Deuteronomic form differs from other Pentateuchal tithe laws (teaching note, not translation risk).
39	Sabbatical year / release	année de relâche / année sabbatique	שְׁמִטָּה	shemittah	NEW	Medium	15:1-11, 31:10	Structural, periodic grace-reminder institution.
40	clean / unclean	pur / impur	טָהוֹר / טָמֵא	tahor / tamé	NEW	Medium	14:3-21	Ceremonial, not moral, category; distinguish from baseline sin (péché).
41	civic justice	justice	צֶדֶק	tzedeq	NEW, cross-ref REUSE righteousness	High	16:18-20, 24:17, 25:1	Same root as forensic salvation-righteousness (baseline, Critical) but civic-judicial register here; must not be conflated with Romans’ “justice de Dieu.”
42	righteousness (covenant fruit)	justice	צְדָקָה	tzedaqah	NEW, cross-ref REUSE righteousness/imputed_righteousness	Critical	6:25, 9:4-6, 24:13	Risk of works-righteousness misreading against baseline’s forensic-justification doctrine; mandatory theologian’s framing note every occurrence.
43	king	roi	מֶלֶךְ	melekh	NEW	Low-Medium	17:14-20	King subject to, not above, Torah; background for messianic kingship theology.
44	prophet (general/positive)	prophète	נָבִיא	navi	REUSE (baseline prophet)	Low (general) / High (ch. 13 false-prophet context)	13, 18, 34	Context-sensitive: baseline Low risk applies to general usage; elevate to High in ch. 13’s false-prophet polemic.
45	prophet like Moses	prophète semblable à Moïse	נָבִיא כָּמֹנִי	navi kamoni	NEW	Critical	18:15,18; 34:10	Foundational messianic-prophetic text (Acts 3:22, 7:37); must not be genericized to “a prophet of Moses’ type.” Consistent rendering required ch. 18 and ch. 34.
46	witnesses (two or three)	témoins (deux ou trois)	עֵדִים	edim	NEW	Low	17:6, 19:15	Judicial corroboration principle, cited in NT.
47	firstfruits	prémices	בִּכּוּרִים	bikkurim	NEW	Low	26:1-11	Liturgical confession embodies Remembering God’s Redemption doctrine.
48	inheritance	héritage	נַחֲלָה	nachalah	NEW	Medium	1-3, 4:21,38, 12:9, 15:4, 19:10, 20:16, 21:23, 24:4, 25:19, 26:1, 29:8	Covenant gift held in trust across generations, not mere real estate; resonance with baseline adoption inheritance theology.
49	rest	repos	מְנוּחָה	menuchah	NEW	Low-Medium	12:9, 25:19	The land as place of covenant rest, distinct from mere cessation of conflict.
50	the place the LORD will choose	le lieu que le SEIGNEUR choisira	הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה	ha-maqom asher yivchar YHWH	NEW	Medium	12:5,11,14,18,21,26; +15 occurrences	Fixed liturgical formula; must render identically at every occurrence throughout the book.
51	high places	hauts lieux	בָּמוֹת	bamot	NEW	Medium	12:2-3	Syncretistic cult sites; object of destruction command.
52	devote to destruction / ban	anathème / voué à la destruction	חֵרֶם	cherem	NEW	High	7:2,26; 13:15,17; 20:17	Ethically sensitive holy-war material; mandatory theologian framing distinguishing bounded historical command from general warrant.
53	the word (davar)	parole	דָּבָר	davar	NEW	Medium	6:6, 18:18, 30:14	Spoken word and the reality it names; core to 30:14’s direct NT quotation dependency (Romans 10:8).
54	the word is near you	la parole est tout près de toi	קָרוֹב אֵלֶיךָ הַדָּבָר	qarov eleikha ha-davar	NEW	Critical	30:11-14	Verbatim NT quotation dependency (Romans 10:6-8); mandatory cross-check against baseline/future Romans 10 rendering.
55	choose life	choisis la vie	וּבָחַרְתָּ בַּחַיִּים	u-vacharta ba-chayim	NEW	Critical	30:15-20	Core curriculum doctrine; balance grace and human responsibility; mandatory theologian framing note.
56	provoke to jealousy	rendre jaloux	קִנְאָה (הִקְנִיא)	qin’ah (hiqni)	NEW	High	32:21	Direct NT quotation dependency (Romans 10:19); cross-document consistency check required.
57	the Rock (divine title)	le Rocher	צוּר	tsur	NEW	Medium	32:4,15,18,30,31	Divine epithet applied typologically to Christ in 1 Corinthians 10:4.
58	Israel	Israël	יִשְׂרָאֵל	Yisra’el	REUSE (baseline israel)	Medium	Throughout	Identical referent and risk profile to baseline notes (contemporary political sensitivity).
59	Moses	Moïse	מֹשֶׁה	Moshe	REUSE (baseline transliteration standard)	Low	Throughout	Standard established French Bible form per baseline transliteration list.
60	Passover	Pâque	פֶּסַח	pesach	NEW	Low	16:1-8	Established term; capitalize to distinguish from generic lowercase “pâque.”
61	Amen	Amen	אָמֵן	amen	REUSE (baseline transliteration standard)	Low	27:15-26	Established transliterated form per baseline standard.

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Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2

1. Divine Name discipline: Every occurrence of יְהוָה (YHWH) in this curriculum must render as le SEIGNEUR (small capitals) — never as bare “Seigneur,” which is reserved by the baseline exclusively for New Testament κύριος/Christ. This is the single most consequential new typographic-doctrinal rule this curriculum adds to the baseline.
2. Shema-cluster terms (Écoute, un/seul, aimer, cœur, âme, force) at Deuteronomy 6:4-5 must be treated as a linked unit in review — a Human Theologian should approve the whole cluster together, not term-by-term in isolation, given how tightly the verses interlock.
3. Direct NT quotation dependencies — Deuteronomy 21:23 (→ Galatians 3:13), Deuteronomy 30:12-14 (→ Romans 10:6-8), and Deuteronomy 32:21 (→ Romans 10:19) require cross-document consistency checks against this pipeline’s existing or future Romans/Galatians French renderings, per the baseline’s “Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents.”
4. tzedeq/tzedaqah discipline: this glossary intentionally separates civic-judicial “justice” (ch. 16) from covenant-fruit “justice” (6:25) from forensic salvation “justice” (baseline righteousness). All three use the French word “justice,” so Phase 2 segment translators must rely on doctrine_risk_registry-style contextual flagging (to be produced in Step 2) rather than lexical distinction alone.
5. Chapters confirmed reviewed with no new theological vocabulary beyond terms already catalogued above: 19 (beyond go'el/avenger already noted), 22–23, 33. These are explicitly not silently omitted; they reuse the established vocabulary of holiness, justice, love of neighbor, blessing, and inheritance developed elsewhere in the book.

This glossary is the Deuteronomy-curriculum companion to, and must be loaded alongside, the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in all subsequent Phase 1 and Phase 2 steps.

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Critical Risk Terms

Justification

Approved rendering: justification
Transliteration: justification
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sanctification (conflation), salut (too generic)

[Inherited from Romans package.] Deuteronomy 6:25’s tzedaqah (‘it will be righteousness for us, if we are careful to do this commandment’) is the book’s single most exegetically delicate verse against this baseline term: it must never be read as implying obedience produces justification. See covenant_righteousness_tzedaqah for the mandatory theologian’s framing note required at every occurrence.

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Son Of God

Approved rendering: Fils de Dieu
Transliteration: Fils de Dieu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: envoyé de Dieu, homme divin

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; relevant only as the NT Christological category into which ‘the prophet like Moses’ (18:15-18, 34:10) and ‘the Messiah’ promise are ultimately received — cross-reference when framing prophet_like_moses theologically.

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Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: justice imputée
Transliteration: justice imputée
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justice méritée

[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly relevant as the doctrinal counterpoint to covenant_righteousness_tzedaqah: Deuteronomy 6:25’s ‘it will be tzedaqah for us’ must never be read as a competing OT model of earned righteousness against this baseline’s forensic imputation doctrine. Both are legitimately biblical but operate at different registers (covenant-fruit vs. forensic-ground) and must be kept theologically distinct via mandatory framing notes.

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Lord Yhwh

Approved rendering: le SEIGNEUR
Transliteration: YHWH / Adonai
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Monotheism
Rejected alternatives: l’Éternel (sound but introduces a second parallel proper-name convention, risking inconsistency), Yahvé (obsolete register, reads as foreign transliteration to lay French readers), Seigneur (bare, reserved exclusively for NT κύριος/Christ per baseline)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God

NEW, CRITICAL, HIGHEST-PRIORITY RULE OF THIS CURRICULUM. The proper covenant name of God (YHWH), rendered ‘le SEIGNEUR’ in small capitals following the modern ecumenical TOB/Bible de Jérusalem convention, and typographically distinguished at all times from the baseline’s ordinary ‘Seigneur’ (reserved for NT κύριος applied to Christ, e.g. Romans 10:9). Collapsing the two would erase the deliberate OT/NT divine-name overlap Romans 10:13 depends on. Occurs throughout Deuteronomy; mandatory automated pre-flight typographic check before any segment is accepted.

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Echad One

Approved rendering: un / seul
Transliteration: echad
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Monotheism
Rejected alternatives: unique (better exclusivity sense but loses the numerical ‘un’ inseparable from liturgical memory)
Original: אֶחָד
Category: God

Deuteronomy 6:4. Affirms exclusive divine uniqueness against polytheism; must NOT be read as adjudicating later Trinitarian plurality-in-unity debate in either direction. Mandatory theologian’s note required at every occurrence. Must be reviewed as a unit together with shema_hear, love_ahav, heart_levav, soul_nephesh, might_meod (the Shema cluster, 6:4-5) — never approved term-by-term in isolation.

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Love Ahav

Approved rendering: aimer / amour
Transliteration: ahav
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Original: אָהַב
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 6:5; 7:8-9; 10:12,19; 11:1,13,22; 30:6,16,20. Ancient Near Eastern covenant-loyalty language, total-life allegiance including but not reducible to affection. French ‘aimer/amour’ spans trivial preference to romance; must be taught jointly with the Shema’s exclusivity so love is committed loyalty, not mere feeling. Part of the mandatory Shema-cluster unit review.

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Cursed Hanged On Tree

Approved rendering: maudit de Dieu celui qui est pendu au bois
Transliteration: qilelat Elohim taluy
Doctrine: The Curse of the One Hanged on a Tree (Atonement Typology)
Original: קִלְלַת אֱלֹהִים תָּלוּי
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 21:22-23. Directly cited by Paul in Galatians 3:13 as the exegetical basis for substitutionary atonement doctrine. Mandatory Human Theologian review at every occurrence; must be cross-checked against any Galatians 3:13 French rendering this pipeline produces for exact-wording consistency.

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Covenant Righteousness Tzedaqah

Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: tzedaqah
Doctrine: Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit
Original: צְדָקָה
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 6:25; 9:4-6; 24:13. The single most theologically delicate verse in Deuteronomy for this Romans-anchored pipeline: ‘it will be tzedaqah for us, if we are careful to do this commandment’ risks a direct works-righteousness misreading against baseline righteousness/imputed_righteousness (Critical). MANDATORY theologian’s framing note every occurrence: this is covenant faithfulness/fruit within a relationship already established by prior grace (Exodus redemption precedes the command), never the ground of standing before God.

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Prophet Like Moses

Approved rendering: prophète semblable à Moïse
Transliteration: navi kamoni
Doctrine: The Coming Prophet like Moses
Rejected alternatives: un prophète comme Moïse (too generic, implies any qualifying prophet), un prophète du même genre que Moïse (REJECTED, blunts the climactic unique-fulfillment reading)
Original: נָבִיא כָּמֹנִי
Category: Christology

Deuteronomy 18:15,18; 34:10. Foundational messianic-prophetic text quoted of Jesus in Acts 3:22-23, 7:37. Must not be genericized; the book’s own trajectory identifies one climactic, unique figure. Render this EXACT invariant phrase at both occurrences (18:15/18 and 34:10) so a French reader recognizes the deliberate bookend. Note the genuine, longstanding Jewish (ongoing prophetic succession), Samaritan (central messianic text), and Islamic (identification with Muhammad) interpretive divergence — the mandatory theologian’s note should include brief, respectful interfaith acknowledgment without diluting this curriculum’s Christian confessional stance.

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Word Is Near

Approved rendering: la parole est tout près de toi
Transliteration: qarov eleikha ha-davar me’od be-fikha u-vilvavkha
Doctrine: The Accessibility of God’s Word
Original: קָרוֹב אֵלֶיךָ הַדָּבָר מְאֹד בְּפִיךָ וּבִלְבָבְךָ
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 30:11-14. Paul quotes this nearly verbatim in Romans 10:6-8, reinterpreting ‘the word’ as the gospel of Christ. MANDATORY cross-check against this pipeline’s existing or future Romans 10:6-8 French rendering for exact-wording consistency — a rare case of direct OT-to-fixed-NT-baseline lexical dependency. Mandatory Human Theologian review.

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Choose Life

Approved rendering: choisis la vie
Transliteration: u-vacharta ba-chayim
Doctrine: Choosing Life over Death
Rejected alternatives: fais ton choix de vie (REJECTED: imports the secular lifestyle-marketing register), choisis ta vie (REJECTED: imports French existentialist self-authorship resonance foreign to the text)
Original: וּבָחַרְתָּ בַּחַיִּים
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 30:15-20; 11:26. The most theologically freighted single imperative in the book after the Shema. The object of the choice is fixed and given by God, not self-defined. Must not imply salvation as bare human self-determination severed from grace, nor collapse into fatalism. Mandatory theologian’s framing note balancing divine grace and human responsibility every occurrence, paralleling baseline election/effectual_calling tension.

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High Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite

[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly relevant: the doctrine ‘Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit’ depends on the same grace-precedes-obedience logic the baseline establishes for Romans. Israel’s redemption from Egypt (chs. 5, 8, 26) precedes and grounds the law, exactly as baseline grâce must precede works.

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Righteousness

Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: justice (de Dieu)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: vertu, droiture

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL cross-reference point for Deuteronomy: the same French word ‘justice’ also renders Deuteronomy’s covenant-fruit tzedaqah (6:25) and civic tzedeq (16:18-20). See new terms covenant_righteousness_tzedaqah and civic_justice_tzedeq below; all three uses of ‘justice’ must be kept doctrinally distinct via contextual framing notes, never lexical distinction alone.

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Saints

Approved rendering: saints
Transliteration: les saints
Doctrine: Sainthood

[Inherited from Romans package.] Same narrowing-to-a-venerated-elite risk documented in the baseline applies directly to Deuteronomy’s ‘peuple saint’ (am qadosh): the whole nation is corporately holy, not an ascetic class. Cross-reference holy_nation_am_qadosh.

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Lord

Approved rendering: Seigneur
Transliteration: Seigneur
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: maître, patron

[Inherited from Romans package.] CRITICAL DISTINCTION for this curriculum: this baseline ‘Seigneur’ (NT κύριος, applied to Christ, e.g. Romans 10:9) must NEVER be used for the divine name YHWH in Deuteronomy. See new Critical term lord_yhwh (‘le SEIGNEUR’, small capitals) below — the single highest-priority typographic rule this curriculum adds to the baseline.

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Church

Approved rendering: Église
Transliteration: Église
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: temple (building only)

[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly relevant background for holy_nation_am_qadosh: Deuteronomy’s corporately-consecrated ‘peuple saint’ is the OT ancestor of this baseline doctrine of the church as God’s people, not an institution.

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Law

Approved rendering: loi
Transliteration: loi (la Loi)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

[Inherited from Romans package.] REUSE exactly for Deuteronomy’s own self-designation ‘this Torah’ (27:3,8,26; 31:9-13). Confirmed the same referent (Mosaic Torah) the baseline anticipates. Keep distinct from the triad commandment_mitzvah/statutes_chuqqim/ordinances_mishpatim (6:1), which must not be flattened into generic ‘la loi’.

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Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: obéissance de la foi
Transliteration: obéissance de la foi
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoir religieux

[Inherited from Romans package.] Structurally identical to this curriculum’s core doctrine ‘Obedience Motivated by Love not Merit’: in both Romans and Deuteronomy, obedience flows from a prior grace-relationship (redemption/grace precedes law) and must never be read as a merit-earning condition for standing before God.

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Covenant

Approved rendering: alliance
Transliteration: alliance
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrat

[Inherited from Romans package.] REUSE exactly; central book-wide theme of Deuteronomy (berit, chs. 4,5,7-9,26,28-29,31). See new compound term covenant_renewal_compound below for the Deuteronomy-specific ‘renewal’ emphasis, always paired with, never replacing, this base term.

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Election

Approved rendering: élection
Transliteration: élection
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: chance, destin

[Inherited from Romans package.] Same French political/democratic collision risk documented in the baseline applies identically to Deuteronomy’s choose_chosen_bachar (choisir/élu, 7:6-8) and divine_election_of_israel doctrine; 7:7-8’s explicit denial of a merit or size basis for God’s choice is the OT root of this baseline’s anti-merit clarification requirement.

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Shema Hear

Approved rendering: Écoute
Transliteration: shema
Doctrine: The Shema and Exclusive Monotheism
Rejected alternatives: Shema (transliterated, no French liturgical foothold sufficient to carry the meaning alone)
Original: שְׁמַע
Category: Faith

No French verb fuses ‘hear’ and ‘obey’ as Hebrew shema does. Must be paired every time with a teaching gloss connecting hearing to obeying, cross-referencing baseline obedience_of_faith. Occurs 6:3,4; 9:1; 20:3; 27:9.

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Fear Of The Lord

Approved rendering: crainte révérencielle
Transliteration: yare’
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Rejected alternatives: crainte (bare, skews toward ‘peur’/fright), peur
Original: יָרֵא
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 6:2,13,24; 10:12,20; 13:4; 17:19; 31:12-13. Reverential awe producing obedience, not servile terror; must be taught alongside love_ahav since fear and love are held together, not opposed, in covenant theology. Requires mandatory gloss distinguishing from ‘avoir peur.‘

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Remember Zakhar

Approved rendering: se souvenir
Transliteration: zakhar
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: זָכַר
Category: Redemption

Deuteronomy 5:15; 7:18; 8:2,18; 9:7; 15:15; 16:3,12; 24:18,22; 32:7. Active, formative covenant recollection shaping present conduct, not passive/idle recall. French ‘se souvenir’ can read as passive nostalgia; require standing teaching gloss: ‘une mémoire vivante qui façonne l’obéissance présente.‘

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Redeem Redemption

Approved rendering: racheter / rédemption
Transliteration: padah / ga’al
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Rejected alternatives: rachat (bare, commercial/financial register in modern French, e.g. ‘le rachat d’un crédit’)
Original: פָּדָה / גָּאַל
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 7:8; 9:26; 13:5; 15:15; 21:8; 24:18. Grounds Israel’s identity in gracious divine rescue, not merit. Prefer ‘rédemption’ (theological register) over bare ‘rachat’ to avoid a commercial-transaction misreading; ‘rachat’ acceptable only when immediately glossed within the Exodus narrative.

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Choose Chosen Bachar

Approved rendering: choisir / élu
Transliteration: bachar
Doctrine: Divine Election of Israel, Not by Merit
Original: בָּחַר
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 7:6-8; 12:5,11,14; 14:2; 30:19. Same collision risk as baseline election: French ‘choisir/élu’ can evoke competitive or merit-based selection. Deuteronomy 7:7-8 explicitly denies any merit basis (‘not because you were more in number’); this anti-merit clarification must accompany every rendering.

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Holy Nation Am Qadosh

Approved rendering: peuple saint
Transliteration: am qadosh
Doctrine: Divine Election of Israel, Not by Merit
Original: עַם קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Sanctification

Deuteronomy 7:6; 14:2,21; 26:19; 28:9. Corporate consecration of the whole nation, not an ascetic elite; cross-references baseline saints/holy and must resist the same narrowing-to-a-venerated-elite risk French ‘les saints’ carries.

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Idol Pesel

Approved rendering: idole
Transliteration: pesel
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: image taillée (acceptable secondary gloss)
Original: פֶּסֶל
Category: Idolatry

Deuteronomy 4:16,23,25; 5:8; 27:15. Sensitive given French Catholic visual piety (statues, icons, crucifixes); must clarify the text targets worship of manufactured rival-god images, not visual art or devotional imagery per se.

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Other Gods Elohim Acherim

Approved rendering: dieux étrangers
Transliteration: elohim acherim
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: autres dieux (acceptable secondary gloss)
Original: אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים
Category: Idolatry

Deuteronomy 5:7; 6:14; 7:4; 8:19; 11:16,28; ch. 13; 17:3; 28:14,36,64; 29:26; 31:18,20; 32:16-17. Recurring technical phrase for idolatrous rivals; must not be softened into ‘other spiritual options.‘

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Jealous God El Qanna

Approved rendering: Dieu jaloux
Transliteration: El qanna
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: אֵל קַנָּא
Category: God

Deuteronomy 4:24; 5:9; 6:15. Exclusive, protective ardor for covenant fidelity, not petty envy. French ‘jaloux’ carries strongly negative connotations (possessive, insecure) in ordinary usage; requires mandatory covenantal-fidelity gloss every occurrence.

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Circumcise Heart

Approved rendering: circoncision du cœur
Transliteration: mul lev
Doctrine: Circumcision of the Heart
Original: מוּל לֵב
Category: Sanctification

Deuteronomy 10:16 (human command); 30:6 (divine gracious promise). Direct conceptual and lexical ancestor of Romans 2:29’s ‘circoncision du cœur.’ The shift from command to promise is theologically significant and must be preserved distinctly across both occurrences, with lexically consistent rendering so a French reader recognizes the deliberate callback.

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Civic Justice Tzedeq

Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: tzedeq
Doctrine: Civic Justice in the Gates
Original: צֶדֶק
Category: Justice

Deuteronomy 16:18-20; 17:8-13; 24:17; 25:1,13-16. Civic-judicial fairness (just judges, honest courts); shares the French word ‘justice’ with baseline righteousness’s forensic salvation-register term. Must be explicitly flagged in every occurrence so the civic sense is not conflated with ‘la justice de Dieu’ developed in Romans.

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False Prophet Navi

Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: navi o cholem chalom
Doctrine: Discernment of False Prophets
Original: נָבִיא אוֹ חֹלֵם חֲלוֹם
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 13:1-18; 18:20-22. Same French word as baseline’s Low-risk general prophet, but the immediate context (false prophecy leading to idolatry, capital sanction) requires elevated High-risk theologian review, distinct from the positive usage in prophet_like_moses (ch. 18’s messianic promise).

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Devote To Destruction Cherem

Approved rendering: voué à la destruction
Transliteration: cherem
Doctrine: Holy War and Devotion to Destruction
Rejected alternatives: anathème (secondary technical gloss only; risks importing the unrelated ecclesiastical-excommunication sense French ‘anathème’ also carries)
Original: חֵרֶם
Category: Idolatry

Deuteronomy 7:2,26; 13:15,17; 20:17. One of the most ethically and pastorally sensitive terms in the book. Mandatory theologian framing historically bounding this command to the specific named conquest narratives, denying any general warrant for religious violence. Flag for Human Theologian review at every occurrence.

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Provoke To Jealousy

Approved rendering: rendre jaloux
Transliteration: qin’ah (hiqni)
Doctrine: Israel Provoked to Jealousy by the Nations
Original: קִנְאָה (הִקְנִיא)
Category: Salvation

Deuteronomy 32:15-21. Directly quoted by Paul in Romans 10:19 regarding Gentile inclusion provoking Israel to jealousy. Must be cross-checked against this pipeline’s Romans 10:19 rendering for cross-Testament recognizability, a live concern given France’s significant Jewish community.

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Medium Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: foi
Transliteration: foi
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: croyance, religion

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant to ‘unbelief/did not believe’ (lo he’emantem, chs. 1, 9) as the negative counter-example to trust; the ahav/aimer love-command (6:5) presupposes trust in the God who has already redeemed.

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Salvation

Approved rendering: salut
Transliteration: salut
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: délivrance

[Inherited from Romans package.] Connects directly to Deuteronomy’s redeem/redemption vocabulary (padah/ga’al, see redeem_redemption); Israel’s rescue from ‘the house of slavery’ is the OT root of the concept this baseline term names in Romans.

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Called

Approved rendering: appelé
Transliteration: appelé
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: invité

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for choose_chosen_bachar (God’s sovereign, gracious selection of Israel, 7:6-8) and divine_election_of_israel, though Deuteronomy’s primary vocabulary is bachar (‘choose’) rather than a direct calling-verb.

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Calling

Approved rendering: appel
Transliteration: appel
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocation (clergy-narrowing risk)

[Inherited from Romans package.] Same relevance as called above; reserve ‘vocation’ caution equally applies if teaching material draws a calling-of-all-Israel parallel.

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Holy

Approved rendering: saint
Transliteration: saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: pur

[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly relevant to holy_nation_am_qadosh (peuple saint, 7:6, 14:2,21, 26:19, 28:9) — Deuteronomy’s corporate-consecration ancestor of this baseline term.

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Sanctification

Approved rendering: sanctification
Transliteration: sanctification
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purification

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant to the doctrine ‘Separation unto God’s Service’ (baseline) as background for Deuteronomy’s corporate-holiness and circumcision-of-heart vocabulary (10:16, 30:6).

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Adoption

Approved rendering: adoption filiale
Transliteration: adoption filiale
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: adoption (bare, legal-procedural)

[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly resonant with inheritance_nachalah (héritage): Deuteronomy’s land-as-covenant-gift-held-in-trust theology is a concrete Old Testament anticipation of the full-inheritance-rights sense this baseline term protects.

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Resurrection

Approved rendering: résurrection
Transliteration: résurrection
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: renaissance

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; retained for cross-document consistency only, e.g. if teaching material connects 32:39 (‘I kill and I make alive’) typologically to resurrection hope.

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Incarnation

Approved rendering: incarnation
Transliteration: incarnation
Doctrine: Incarnation

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; minimal relevance, retained only for cross-document consistency.

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Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: dons spirituels
Transliteration: dons spirituels
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: talents

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; minimal relevance, retained only for cross-document consistency.

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Fellowship

Approved rendering: communion fraternelle
Transliteration: communion fraternelle
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: communion (bare)

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; minimal relevance, retained only for cross-document consistency.

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Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: Royaume de Dieu
Transliteration: Royaume de Dieu
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for kingship_under_torah/king_melekh (ch. 17): the future earthly king subject to Torah anticipates the true King who perfectly keeps the law, a messianic-kingship trajectory feeding into this baseline doctrine.

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Sin

Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: péché
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability

[Inherited from Romans package.] Must be kept explicitly distinct from Deuteronomy’s ceremonial clean_unclean (pur/impur, ch. 14) category — the two must never be conflated, per the baseline’s own caution against trivializing moral culpability.

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Gentiles

Approved rendering: païens
Transliteration: païens
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: étrangers

[Inherited from Romans package.] Note the important distinction from Deuteronomy’s sojourner_ger (étranger): ‘gentiles/païens’ in Romans denotes non-Jewish nations generally, while ‘ger’ denotes a specific resident alien under covenant protection within Israel. Do not conflate the two despite the surface-similar French gloss ‘étranger’.

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Glory

Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: gloire
Doctrine: Deity of Christ

[Inherited from Romans package.] Minimal direct Deuteronomy occurrence; retained for cross-document consistency, e.g. framing God’s revealed presence at Horeb (4:12,15, no form seen) which grounds the anti-idolatry polemic.

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Power Of God

Approved rendering: puissance de Dieu
Transliteration: puissance de Dieu
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: force

[Inherited from Romans package.] Must be kept distinct from Deuteronomy’s might_meod (‘force’), which denotes human strength devoted to God (6:5), not divine power. Do not use ‘puissance de Dieu’ for me’od even though the LXX renders me’od as dynamis.

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Messiah

Approved rendering: Messie
Transliteration: Messie
Doctrine: Messianic Promise

[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly relevant to prophet_like_moses (18:15-19, 34:10): the coming-prophet promise is one strand of the messianic-promise doctrine this baseline term names, fulfilled in Christ per Acts 3:22, 7:37.

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Intercession

Approved rendering: intercession
Transliteration: intercession
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession

[Inherited from Romans package.] REUSE exactly for Moses’ forty-day intercessory prayer after the golden calf (9:18-20, 25-29) — the direct Old Testament root of this doctrine, distinguished as here from the Catholic devotional practice of intercession of the saints per the baseline’s own note.

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Providence

Approved rendering: providence
Transliteration: providence
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: destin, hasard

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for Deuteronomy 29:29 (‘the secret things belong to the LORD’) — humility before divine mystery paired with confident obedience to what is revealed, conceptually adjacent to this baseline doctrine.

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Mission

Approved rendering: mission
Transliteration: mission
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations

[Inherited from Romans package.] Minimal direct Deuteronomy occurrence (Deuteronomy is addressed to Israel, not framed as outward mission to the nations in the Romans sense); retained for cross-document consistency and for any teaching bridge to Israel’s calling to model God’s ways to the nations (cf. 4:6-8).

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Israel

Approved rendering: Israël
Transliteration: Israël
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant

[Inherited from Romans package.] REUSE exactly; Israel is the direct addressee of the entire book. Same contemporary political-sensitivity caution as the baseline applies, given France’s significant Jewish community; keep the referent historical/theological throughout this curriculum.

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God

Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God

[Inherited from Romans package.] REUSE exactly for Hebrew Elohim throughout Deuteronomy. Note the crucial companion distinction: ‘Dieu’ (Elohim, generic) is NOT interchangeable with the new Critical term lord_yhwh (‘le SEIGNEUR’, the covenant proper name YHWH) — Deuteronomy uses both, often in combination (‘YHWH Eloheinu,’ ‘the LORD our God’), and both must be rendered distinctly and consistently.

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Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Sanctification

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for circumcise_heart (30:6): God’s own future gracious act of circumcising the heart is an OT anticipation of Spirit-wrought regeneration (cf. Jeremiah 31:33, Ezekiel 36:26, Romans 2:29).

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Father

Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: Père
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

[Inherited from Romans package.] Minor relevance: God’s fatherly discipline of Israel in the wilderness (8:5, ‘as a man disciplines his son’) resonates with, but does not use, the direct ‘Père’ vocabulary; retained for cross-document consistency.

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Abba

Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; retained only for cross-document consistency.

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Seed Of David

Approved rendering: descendance de David
Transliteration: descendance de David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: semence de David (archaic)

[Inherited from Romans package.] No occurrence in Deuteronomy; retained only for cross-document consistency, since Deuteronomy’s kingship law (ch. 17) predates and anticipates but does not name the Davidic line.

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Heart Levav

Approved rendering: cœur
Transliteration: levav
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Original: לֵבָב
Category: Anthropology

Deuteronomy 6:5,6; 10:16; 30:6. Whole inner person (mind, will, emotion), not merely the sentimentalized seat of feeling French ‘cœur’ ordinarily connotes. Gloss: ‘l’être intérieur tout entier.’ Part of the mandatory Shema-cluster unit review.

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Soul Nephesh

Approved rendering: âme
Transliteration: nephesh
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Original: נֶפֶשׁ
Category: Anthropology

Deuteronomy 6:5; 12:23. Whole living being/self, not a detachable immaterial component; French ‘âme’ risks importing Cartesian/Platonic body-soul dualism. Gloss: ‘tout ton être.’ Part of the mandatory Shema-cluster unit review.

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Might Meod

Approved rendering: force
Transliteration: me’od
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Rejected alternatives: puissance (reserved for baseline power_of_god, divine power only)
Original: מְאֹד
Category: Anthropology

Deuteronomy 6:5. Literally ‘muchness’; one’s full strength/resources devoted to God. Must be kept distinct from baseline power_of_god (‘puissance de Dieu’), which denotes divine, not human, power. Part of the mandatory Shema-cluster unit review.

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Commandment Mitzvah

Approved rendering: commandement
Transliteration: mitzvah
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: מִצְוָה
Category: Law

Deuteronomy 6:1 and throughout. A single binding divine directive; keep distinct from statutes_chuqqim and ordinances_mishpatim in the same verse’s triad — do not flatten all three into generic ‘la loi.‘

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Ordinances Mishpatim

Approved rendering: ordonnances
Transliteration: mishpatim
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Original: מִשְׁפָּטִים
Category: Law

Deuteronomy 6:1 and throughout. Case-law rulings, judicial verdicts; do not collapse into generic ‘la loi,’ which loses the judicial-ruling register.

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Covenant Renewal Compound

Approved rendering: renouvellement de l’alliance
Transliteration: n/a (compositional French compound, no single Hebrew lexeme)
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: une nouvelle alliance (REJECTED: this is the fixed NT phrase for the New Covenant in Christ, Jeremiah 31/Luke 22:20; using it here would wrongly suggest Deuteronomy supersedes the Mosaic covenant within its own narrative)

NEW gap-filling compound term identified in the linguistic gap analysis: Deuteronomy’s distinctive theme of renewing (not replacing) the Horeb covenant for the generation at Moab (chs. 5, 29-30) has no single fixed French Bible term. Always pair with, never let stand apart from, the base term covenant/‘alliance.’ Flag for native speaker review to confirm natural phrasing.

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Teach Diligently Shanan

Approved rendering: inculquer avec soin
Transliteration: shanan
Doctrine: Public Reading and Intergenerational Transmission of the Law
Rejected alternatives: enseigner (too bland, loses ‘sharpen/repeat until second nature’ intensity)
Original: שִׁנֵּן
Category: Instruction

Deuteronomy 6:7; 11:19. Teaching by repetition until second nature; intensive, all-of-life, intergenerational catechesis, not confined to formal settings.

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Frontlets Totafot

Approved rendering: phylactères
Transliteration: totafot
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Original: טוֹטָפֹת
Category: Worship

Deuteronomy 6:8; 11:18. Established French Bible term (cf. Matthew 23:5). Must gloss for a biblically unchurched French audience and explicitly note this is a distinctively Jewish devotional practice still observed today; avoid any supersessionist framing.

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Doorposts Mezuzah

Approved rendering: montants de porte
Transliteration: mezuzah
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Original: מְזוּזָה
Category: Worship

Deuteronomy 6:9; 11:20. May gloss with the transliterated ‘mezouza’ for readers likely to encounter the term via France’s contemporary Jewish community observance.

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Forget Shakhach

Approved rendering: oublier
Transliteration: shakhach
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: שָׁכַח
Category: Redemption

Deuteronomy 4:9,23,31; 6:12; 8:11,14,19; 9:7. Theological opposite of remember_zakhar; root of pride and self-sufficiency warned against in ch. 8.

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Mighty Hand Outstretched Arm

Approved rendering: main forte et bras étendu
Transliteration: yad chazaqah u-zroa netuyah
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: יָד חֲזָקָה וּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה
Category: Redemption

Deuteronomy 4:34; 5:15; 7:19; 26:8. Fixed liturgical formula for the Exodus deliverance; render identically at every occurrence — inconsistency would obscure its deliberate refrain function.

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House Of Slavery

Approved rendering: maison de servitude
Transliteration: beit avadim
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: בֵּית עֲבָדִים
Category: Redemption

Deuteronomy 5:6; 6:12; 8:14; 13:5. Fixed formula naming Egypt; render consistently at every occurrence.

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Treasured Possession Segullah

Approved rendering: peuple précieux
Transliteration: segullah
Doctrine: Divine Election of Israel, Not by Merit
Rejected alternatives: propriété particulière
Original: סְגֻלָּה
Category: Church

Deuteronomy 7:6; 14:2; 26:18. A king’s personally valued treasure, by extension God’s uniquely valued people; stress covenant intimacy, avoid a possessive/exploitative connotation. Echoed in 1 Peter 2:9.

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Cities Of Refuge

Approved rendering: villes de refuge
Transliteration: arei ha-miklat
Doctrine: Civic Justice in the Gates
Original: עָרֵי הַמִּקְלָט
Category: Law

Deuteronomy 4:41-43; ch. 19. Judicial mercy institution; avoid conflation with unrelated modern secular asylum politics.

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Blessing Berakah

Approved rendering: bénédiction
Transliteration: berakah
Doctrine: Blessings and Curses of the Covenant
Original: בְּרָכָה
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 11:26-29; 27-28; 30:1,19; 33. Central covenant-sanctions vocabulary; render consistently across all occurrences.

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Curse Qelalah

Approved rendering: malédiction
Transliteration: qelalah
Doctrine: Blessings and Curses of the Covenant
Original: קְלָלָה
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 11:26-29; 27-28; 29:20-21; 30:1,19. Paired term with blessing_berakah; render consistently across all occurrences.

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Cursed Arur

Approved rendering: maudit soit
Transliteration: arur
Doctrine: Blessings and Curses of the Covenant
Original: אָרוּר
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 27:15-26; 28:16-19. Formal, performative liturgical curse-pronouncement register, answered by the people’s ‘Amen’; distinct grammatical register from the ordinary descriptive noun curse_qelalah.

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Sojourner Ger

Approved rendering: étranger
Transliteration: ger
Doctrine: Care for the Sojourner, Widow, and Orphan
Original: גֵּר
Category: Church

Deuteronomy 10:19; 14:21,29; 16:11,14; 24:14,17-21; 26:11-13; 27:19. French ‘étranger’ carries strong contemporary immigration-debate connotations; must be taught as a covenant-protection category grounded in Israel’s own history (10:19), not a modern legal-status category.

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Sabbatical Year Shemittah

Approved rendering: année de relâche
Transliteration: shemittah
Doctrine: Sabbatical Year and Release of Debts
Rejected alternatives: année sabbatique (acceptable secondary gloss)
Original: שְׁמִטָּה
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 15:1-18; 31:10. Seventh-year cancellation of debts and release of Hebrew slaves; a periodic structural reminder of Israel’s own gracious redemption, connecting to redeem_redemption and the book’s wider grace-not-merit theology.

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Clean Unclean

Approved rendering: pur / impur
Transliteration: tahor / tamé
Doctrine: Ceremonial Purity in Daily Life
Original: טָהוֹר / טָמֵא
Category: Law

Deuteronomy 14:3-21. Ceremonial, not moral, purity category; must not be confused with baseline sin (‘péché’). Significant background for later NT discussions (Mark 7, Acts 10, Romans 14) about food laws’ fulfillment/abrogation.

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King Melekh

Approved rendering: roi
Transliteration: melekh
Doctrine: Kingship Under the Torah
Original: מֶלֶךְ
Category: Kingdom

Deuteronomy 17:14-20. The future king is subject to, not above, the Torah — significant background for messianic kingship theology (the true King who perfectly keeps the Torah); the term itself is lexically stable in French, but the subordination point requires explicit framing.

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Inheritance Nachalah

Approved rendering: héritage
Transliteration: nachalah
Doctrine: Inheritance and the Land as Covenant Gift
Original: נַחֲלָה
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 1-3; 4:21,38; 12:9; 15:4; 19:10; 20:16; 21:23; 24:4; 25:19; 26:1; 29:8. Covenant gift held in trust across generations, not mere real estate; resonates with baseline adoption’s inheritance theology. Avoid a purely military ‘conquérir’ framing.

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Place Lord Will Choose

Approved rendering: le lieu que le SEIGNEUR choisira
Transliteration: ha-maqom asher yivchar YHWH
Doctrine: Centralized, God-Chosen Worship
Original: הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה
Category: Worship

Deuteronomy 12:5,11,14,18,21,26 and 15+ further occurrences. Fixed liturgical formula for the future central sanctuary; reuses choose_chosen_bachar and lord_yhwh. Must render identically at every occurrence throughout the book — do not vary chapter to chapter.

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High Places Bamot

Approved rendering: hauts lieux
Transliteration: bamot
Doctrine: Warnings against Idolatry
Original: בָּמוֹת
Category: Idolatry

Deuteronomy 12:2-3. Local elevated cult sites, often syncretistic, targeted for destruction.

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The Word Davar

Approved rendering: parole
Transliteration: davar
Doctrine: The Accessibility of God’s Word
Original: דָּבָר
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 6:6; 18:18; 30:14. Word/matter/event, covering both spoken word and the reality it names; core to word_is_near’s NT quotation dependency.

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The Rock Tsur

Approved rendering: le Rocher
Transliteration: tsur
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Life and Death
Original: צוּר
Category: God

Deuteronomy 32:4,15,18,30,31. Divine epithet depicting God as unshakeable, reliable refuge and foundation; capitalize as a title, distinct from ordinary geological ‘rocher.’ Applied typologically to Christ in 1 Corinthians 10:4.

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Low Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: Évangile
Transliteration: Évangile
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: bonne nouvelle (informal only)

[Inherited from Romans package.] Not a Deuteronomy vocabulary item, but retained for cross-curriculum consistency: Hebrews 4:2 frames the wilderness generation as having ‘good news’ (euangelizomai) preached to them, a typological bridge occasionally used in teaching Deuteronomy 6 alongside the NT gospel. Use only if such a bridge is made explicit.

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Apostle

Approved rendering: apôtre
Transliteration: apôtre
Doctrine: Apostleship

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy referent; retained only for cross-document terminological consistency should this curriculum reference Moses’ unique mediatorial role by contrast with the later apostolic office. Minimal relevance.

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Peace

Approved rendering: paix
Transliteration: paix
Doctrine: Peace with God

[Inherited from Romans package.] Background resonance with rest_menuchah (repos) — the land as place of covenant rest — though the Hebrew terms are distinct (menuchah, not shalom, is Deuteronomy’s dominant ‘rest’ vocabulary).

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Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: action de grâce
Transliteration: action de grâce
Doctrine: Thanksgiving

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for firstfruits_bikkurim (prémices, 26:1-11), the liturgical confession of gratitude for redemption that is Deuteronomy’s clearest embodiment of grateful worship.

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Prophet

Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: prophète
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: voyant

[Inherited from Romans package.] REUSE exactly for Deuteronomy’s general-positive ‘navi’ sense. Note: risk elevates to High in the false-prophet polemic of ch. 13 (false_prophet_navi) and to Critical in the specific ‘prophet like Moses’ construction (prophet_like_moses, chs. 18, 34) — context-sensitive across three distinct registers within this single book.

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Prophecy

Approved rendering: prophétie
Transliteration: prophétie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for the fulfillment-of-prophecy doctrine as it bears on prophet_like_moses and on Deuteronomy 28:68’s historically-fulfilled curse (a specific predictive statement).

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David

Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

[Inherited from Romans package.] No occurrence in Deuteronomy (David postdates the events narrated); retained only for cross-document consistency, e.g. connecting king_melekh (ch. 17’s kingship law) forward to the later Davidic monarchy the law anticipates but does not name.

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Jesus

Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ

[Inherited from Romans package.] No direct Deuteronomy occurrence; relevant only in teaching notes connecting Deuteronomy 18:15-18/34:10 and 21:22-23 to their NT fulfillment (Acts 3:22, 7:37; Galatians 3:13).

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Exhort

Approved rendering: exhorter
Transliteration: exhorter
Doctrine: Mutual Edification

[Inherited from Romans package.] Relevant background for Moses’ whole exhortational address in Deuteronomy (the book’s genre is itself an extended exhortation); no single Hebrew lexeme maps directly, but the register informs how teach_diligently_shanan and the direct-address passages should be rendered.

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Statutes Chuqqim

Approved rendering: statuts
Transliteration: chuqqim
Doctrine: Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: décrets
Original: חֻקִּים
Category: Law

Deuteronomy 6:1 and throughout. Engraved/fixed decrees, often ceremonial. Keep distinct from commandment_mitzvah and ordinances_mishpatim.

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Sign Ot

Approved rendering: signe
Transliteration: ot
Doctrine: Exclusive Love for God
Original: אוֹת
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 6:8; 11:18. A visible, tangible marker of covenant devotion (cf. the rainbow, circumcision).

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Widow And Orphan

Approved rendering: veuve et orphelin
Transliteration: almanah ve-yatom
Doctrine: Care for the Sojourner, Widow, and Orphan
Original: אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם
Category: Church

Deuteronomy 10:18; 14:29; 16:11,14; 24:17,19-21; 26:12-13; 27:19. Paired vulnerable-persons formula; render consistently.

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Tithe Maaser

Approved rendering: dîme
Transliteration: ma’aser
Doctrine: Sabbatical Year and Release of Debts
Original: מַעֲשֵׂר
Category: Worship

Deuteronomy 14:22-29; 26:12. Established French term; note the Deuteronomic form (festival tithe, triennial poor tithe) differs from other Pentateuchal tithe laws — a teaching-accuracy note, not a translation risk.

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Witnesses Two Or Three

Approved rendering: deux ou trois témoins
Transliteration: al-pi shenayim edim o shloshah edim
Doctrine: Civic Justice in the Gates
Original: עַל־פִּי שְׁנַיִם עֵדִים אוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה עֵדִים
Category: Law

Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15. Judicial corroboration principle, cited in the NT (Matthew 18:16, 2 Corinthians 13:1, 1 Timothy 5:19).

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Firstfruits Bikkurim

Approved rendering: prémices
Transliteration: bikkurim
Doctrine: Firstfruits and Liturgical Confession of Redemption
Original: בִּכּוּרִים
Category: Worship

Deuteronomy 26:1-11. Established term; the accompanying liturgical confession (‘a wandering Aramean was my father…’) is the book’s clearest embodiment of worship structured around rehearsed salvation-history.

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Rest Menuchah

Approved rendering: repos
Transliteration: menuchah
Doctrine: Inheritance and the Land as Covenant Gift
Original: מְנוּחָה
Category: Covenant

Deuteronomy 12:9; 25:19. The land as a place of covenant rest, distinct from mere cessation of conflict.

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Moses

Approved rendering: Moïse
Transliteration: Moshe
Doctrine: Moses’ Mediatorial Intercession
Original: מֹשֶׁה
Category: Covenant

Standard established French Bible form per baseline’s transliteration standard list, applied to the primary human figure and speaker of the entire book of Deuteronomy.

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Passover Pesach

Approved rendering: Pâque
Transliteration: pesach
Doctrine: Remembering God’s Redemption
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Redemption

Deuteronomy 16:1-8. Established term; capitalize to distinguish from generic lowercase ‘pâque’ (secular calendar reference).