Core Glossary
Core Glossary
1 Corinthians 1–16 | French Destination-Language Term Glossary
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, citing terms from every chapter of 1 Corinthians. Terms marked (reused) carry forward the exact rendering already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and must not be altered. Terms marked (new) are proposed additions for this curriculum, pending confirmation and version-increment in translation_memory.json during Phase 2 Step 16 preparation.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys/alters essential doctrine; mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or denominational-conflation risk; mandatory human theologian review.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding; automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | French Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 1 Corinthians Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Évangile | Low | 1:17; 4:15; 9:12-23; 15:1; 15:11 | Stable, no new risk. |
| grace | grâce | High | 1:3-4; 3:10; 15:10 (x3); 16:23 | Reinforced in 15:10 as Paul’s testimony against works-merit reading. |
| faith | foi | Medium | 2:5; 12:9; 13:2, 13:13; 15:2, 15:11, 15:14, 15:17 | Object of faith (the resurrection) must remain explicit. |
| salvation | salut | Medium | 1:18; 15:2 | 15:2’s present-tense force (“are being saved”) must not flatten to a bare past event. |
| apostle | apôtre | Medium | 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-2; 12:28-29; 15:7, 9 | Stable. |
| called | appelé | Medium | 1:1-2, 1:9, 1:24, 1:26; 7:15, 7:17-24; 15:9 | Context-sensitive: apostolic call (1:1), salvation call (1:9, 1:24), state-of-life call (7:15-24, an exceptional occupational-sense use), title-worthiness (15:9). |
| calling | appel | Medium | 1:26; 7:20 | 7:20 uses the state-of-life sense; flag as an exception to the general anti-”vocation” caution. |
| holy | saint | Medium | 3:17; 7:14, 7:34 | Standard. |
| saints | saints | High | 1:2; 6:1-2; 14:33; 16:1, 15 | Mandatory clarifying gloss “tous les croyants” applies at every occurrence, per baseline sainthood doctrine. |
| sanctification | sanctification | Medium | 1:2 (ἡγιασμένοις, adjectival) | Adjectival/participial extension of the noun already in TM. |
| church | Église | High | 1:2; 4:17; 6:4; 7:17; 10:32; 11:16, 11:18, 11:22; 12:28; 14:4-5, 14:12, 14:19, 14:23, 14:28, 14:33-35; 15:9; 16:1, 16:19 | Extremely frequent in this book; every occurrence must resist the institution/building reading. |
| holy spirit | Esprit Saint | Medium | 2:10-14; 3:16; 6:11, 6:19; 12:3-13 | Standard; also intersects Spirit-baptism (12:13) and spiritual-gifts (ch. 12) risk. |
| father | Père | Medium | 1:3; 8:6; 15:24 | Standard. |
| fellowship | communion fraternelle | Medium | 1:9; 10:16-18 (participation sense) | 10:16-18 intensifies toward Lord’s Supper participation; bridge to sacramental term set (ch. 11). |
| spiritual_gifts | dons spirituels | Medium | 12:1-31; 14:1-40 | Central term family for this curriculum’s “Spiritual Gifts” doctrine. |
| thanksgiving | action de grâce | Low | 1:4; 14:16-18 | Standard. |
| lord | Seigneur | High | throughout, e.g. 1:2-3, 8; 5:4-5; 6:13-17; 7:10-39; 8:6; 9:1-2; 10:21-22; 11:20, 23, 26-27, 32; 12:3, 5; 15:31, 15:57-58; 16:22-23 | Extremely frequent; every “Seigneur” confession must retain exclusive-lordship force per baseline. |
| resurrection | résurrection | Medium (elevated to Critical in ch. 15 doctrinal context) | 15:12-58 (noun and verb forms throughout) | See ch. 15 entries below for verb-form and extended-sense treatment. |
| exhort | exhorter | Low | 1:10; 4:16 | Standard. |
| prophet / prophecy | prophète / prophétie | Low | 12:10, 12:28-29; 13:2, 13:8-9; 14:1-40 | Standard, extends into ch. 14 order-of-worship discussion. |
B. New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
The Cross as Wisdom and Power (chs. 1–2)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| division(s) | σχίσμα (schisma) | divisions | Medium | 1 | Reject “schisme” (too institutionally formal). |
| wisdom | σοφία (sophia) | sagesse | Medium | 1–3 | Ironic double-use (worldly vs. God’s) needs teaching context, not translation change. |
| foolishness | μωρία (mōria) | folie | Low | 1 | Paired ironically with sagesse. |
| cross | σταυρός (stauros) | croix | Medium | 1 | Secular jewelry/decorative flattening risk. |
| stumbling block | σκάνδαλον (skandalon) | scandale | High | 1 | Modern French “scandale” = media/moral scandal; erosion risk parallel to baseline’s “péché.” |
| mystery | μυστήριον (mystērion) | mystère | Medium | 2, 4 | Catholic liturgical “mystères” may narrow Paul’s dynamic hidden-then-revealed sense. |
| spiritual (person) | πνευματικός (pneumatikos) | spirituel | Medium | 2 | Ties to dons spirituels family. |
| the natural man | ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος (psychikos anthrōpos) | l’homme naturel | Medium | 2 | Established rendering; risk of losing Spirit/no-Spirit technical contrast. |
Christian Unity vs. Factionalism (chs. 1, 3–4)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fleshly / carnal | σαρκικός (sarkikos) | charnel | Medium | 3 | Moral immaturity, not anti-physicality. |
| temple of God (corporate) | ναὸς θεοῦ (naos theou) | le temple de Dieu | Medium | 3 | Curious lexical echo with French Protestant “temple” (the building); context disambiguates. |
| foundation | θεμέλιος (themelios) | fondement | Low | 3 | Standard. |
| fire / to test | πῦρ / δοκιμάζω (pyr / dokimazō) | le feu / éprouver | Critical | 3 | Purgatory-doctrine collision (Trent-era flashpoint); mandatory theologian review. |
| edification / building | οἰκοδομή (oikodomē) | édification / construction | Medium | 3, 14 | Distinguish literal-building sense (ch. 3) from figurative edification (ch. 14). |
| steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | intendant | Medium | 4 | Delegated managerial trust, not generic “servant.” |
Church Discipline and Holiness (chs. 5–6)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sexual immorality | πορνεία (porneia) | immoralité sexuelle | Medium | 5, 6, 7, 10 | Prefer over archaic “impudicité”; consistent across all four chapters. |
| deliver to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᷠ | le livrer à Satan | High | 5 | Risk of importing developed Catholic canon-law excommunication procedure onto Paul’s simpler congregational act. |
| leaven / unleavened | ζύμη / ἄζυμος (zymē / azymos) | levain / sans levain | Medium | 5 | Requires Passover-background teaching note. |
| Passover | πάσχα (pascha) | la Pâque | High | 5 | Must not be confused with “Pâques” (Easter) — orthographic/grammatical collision unique to French. |
| body (general) | σῶμα (sōma) | corps | Medium-High | 6, 11, 12, 15 | Context-sensitive across four distinct senses (individual, sacramental, ecclesial, resurrection); flag each occurrence. |
| temple of the Holy Spirit (individual) | ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | le temple du Saint-Esprit | High | 6 | Distinguish from ch. 3’s corporate temple statement. |
| bought (redeemed) | ἀγοράζω (agorazō) | acheté(s) | Medium | 6 | Slave-market redemption background needed. |
Marriage and Singleness (ch. 7)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| marry / marriage | γαμέω / γάμος (gameō / gamos) | se marier / le mariage | Low | 7 | Standard. |
| virgin | παρθένος (parthenos) | vierge | Medium | 7 | Referent (unmarried woman/betrothed daughter) varies by verse. |
| unmarried | ἄγαμος (agamos) | non marié(e) / célibataire | Low | 7 | Standard. |
| separate / divorce | χωρίζω (chōrizō) | se séparer / divorcer | Medium | 7 | Distinguish pastoral instruction from modern civil-law divorce procedure. |
| gift (state-of-life) | χάρισμα (charisma, singular) | don | Medium | 7 | Distinguish from ch. 12’s ministry-empowerment sense of the same word. |
Christian Liberty and Idol Meat (chs. 8–10)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| food sacrificed to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον (eidōlothyton) | viande/aliments sacrifiés aux idoles | Medium | 8, 10 | Requires Greco-Roman cultic-background teaching note. |
| idol | εἴδωλον (eidōlon) | idole | Low | 8, 10 | Standard. |
| knowledge | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | connaissance | Medium | 8 | Reject “gnose” (anachronistic Gnostic-heresy association). |
| conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | conscience | Medium | 8, 10 | Retain moral-theological weight, not mere subjective opinion. |
| right / authority / liberty | ἐξουσία (exousia) | droit / liberté (context: personal right); autorité (context: governing authority) | High | 8, 9, 11 | Context-sensitive across at least two senses; check each occurrence, per baseline’s “called” precedent. |
| cause to stumble | σκανδαλίζω (skandalizō) | faire tomber / faire trébucher | Medium | 8 | Verb form of ch. 1’s σκάνδαλον. |
| disqualified | ἀδόκιμος (adokimos) | disqualifié | Medium | 9 | Reject “réprouvé” (imports Reformed double-predestination freight). |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | idolâtrie | Low | 10 | Standard. |
| temptation | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | tentation | Medium | 10 | 10:13’s promise is escape from sin’s temptation, not from difficulty generally. |
| demon | δαιμόνιον (daimonion) | démon | Medium | 10 | Personifies idolatry as demonically real; secular skepticism risk. |
| type / example | τύπος (typos) | exemple / figure | Medium | 10 | Requires OT wilderness-narrative literacy note. |
| table of the Lord | τράπεζα κυρίου | la table du Seigneur | Medium | 10 | Bridges to ch. 11 Lord’s Supper vocabulary. |
The Lord’s Supper (ch. 11) — Critical Sacramental Cluster
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | κεφαλή (kephalē) | tête (recommended) / chef (historic Segond alternative — unresolved) | Critical | 11 | Live complementarian/egalitarian debate across all French denominations; requires explicit theologian ruling before Phase 2. |
| tradition | παράδοσις (paradosis) / παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi, verb) | tradition(s) / j’ai transmis | High | 11, 15 | Direct collision with Catholic “Sacred Tradition” doctrine; mandatory clarifying gloss. |
| Lord’s Supper | δεῖπνον κυριακόν | le repas du Seigneur / la Cène | High | 11 | Avoid “l’Eucharistie” as primary term (imports Catholic Mass framing). |
| body and blood (sacramental) | σῶμα καὶ αἷμα | corps et sang | Critical | 11 | Transubstantiation/real-presence/memorial controversy; translation must remain theologically neutral. |
| remembrance | ἀνάμνησις (anamnēsis) | en mémoire de moi | Critical | 11 | Bare-recollection vs. active-representation debate; keep rendering plain. |
| cup | ποτήριον (potērion) | coupe | Medium | 11 | Reject “calice” (imports Catholic Mass vessel-terminology). |
| discern the body | διακρίνω τὸ σῶμα | discerner le corps | High | 11 | Interpretive ambiguity (sacramental body vs. church community) affects doctrinal framing. |
| judgment | κρίμα (krima) | jugement / condamnation | Medium | 11 | Temporal disciplinary sense (11:29-32), not final condemnation. |
| order | τάξις (taxis) | ordre | Low-Medium | 11, 14 | Minor overlap with “ordre religieux” (monastic order); low actual risk. |
Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ (ch. 12)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| body of Christ (ecclesial) | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | le corps du Christ | High | 12 | Must be distinguished from ch. 11’s sacramental “corps du Christ.” |
| member(s) | μέλος / μέλη (melos / melē) | membre(s) | Medium | 12 | French “membre” risks flattening to club-membership sense; reinforce organic-body imagery. |
| baptize (Spirit-baptism) | βαπτίζω (baptizō) | baptisés | High | 12 | Distinct from water-baptism debates across French denominations; clarify metaphorical/spiritual referent. |
| kinds of tongues | γένη γλωσσῶν (genē glōssōn) | diverses langues / don des langues | High | 12, 14 | Continuationist/cessationist and charismatic/non-charismatic divide across French Catholicism and Protestantism. |
| healings | ἴαμα / ἰάματα (iama / iamata) | dons de guérison | Medium | 12 | Same charismatic sensitivity, generally less contested than tongues. |
| working / manifestation | ἐνέργημα / φανέρωσις | opération(s) / manifestation | Low | 12 | Standard. |
Love as the Greater Way (ch. 13)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | amour | Critical | 13 | Reject “charité” (historic Vulgate/Catholic Crampon rendering, now narrowed in modern French to almsgiving); document as a deliberate decision for theologian sign-off. |
| patient / kind | μακροθυμέω / χρηστεύομαι | patient(e) / plein(e) de bonté | Low | 13 | Standard. |
| envious / puffed up | ζηλόω / φυσιόω | envieux / gonflé d’orgueil | Low | 13 | Standard. |
| perfect / complete | τέλειος (teleios) | parfait / ce qui est achevé | Medium | 13 | Select “completeness” sense (13:10), not “sinless moral perfection.” |
| child / infant | νήπιος (nēpios) | enfant | Low | 13 | Standard. |
Order in Worship (chs. 11, 14)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tongue(s) | γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι (glōssa / glōssai) | langue(s) | High | 14 | See ch. 12 note; term itself stable, surrounding doctrine contested. |
| interpretation | ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω | interprétation / interpréter | Medium | 14 | Standard. |
| be silent | σιγάω (sigaō) | se taire / garder le silence | High | 14 | 14:34-35’s application to women is a live, actively debated passage; translation must remain literal, resolution left to curriculum commentary. |
The Resurrection of Christ and Believers (ch. 15, full chapter)
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| has been raised (verb) | ἐγείρω / ἐγήγερται (egeirō / egēgertai) | est ressuscité (a été ressuscité) | Critical | 15 | Verb-form extension of TM noun “résurrection”; divine-passive nuance (raised by the Father) may be lost in French active-sounding construction. |
| appeared | ὁράω / ὤφθη (horaō / ōphthē) | il est apparu | High | 15 | Must convey objective, historical eyewitness appearance, not subjective vision. |
| untimely born | ἔκτρωμα (ektrōma) | comme à l’avorton (or softer periphrasis) | Medium | 15 | Register concern; graphic term in French, pastoral softening possible without losing “undeserved, abrupt” force. |
| resurrection of the dead (general/believers’) | ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν | la résurrection des morts | Critical | 15 | Extends TM “résurrection” to the general future resurrection; secular-naturalism metaphor-flattening is the chief risk, per baseline. |
| firstfruits | ἀπαρχή (aparchē) | prémices | Medium | 15 | Requires OT harvest-offering background note. |
| spiritual body / natural body | σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν | corps spirituel / corps naturel | High | 15 | Avoid both Gnostic-dualist (“non-physical”) and secular-metaphorical misreadings. |
| perishable / imperishable | φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος | périssable / impérissable | Medium | 15 | Standard. |
| last Adam | ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ (eschatos Adam) | le dernier Adam | Medium | 15 | Requires Genesis literacy for full typological force. |
| died for our sins / substitutionary death | Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν | Christ est mort pour nos péchés | High | 15 | Substitutionary atonement; mandatory theologian review per baseline escalation rules (parallel to Romans 3:25). |
| according to the Scriptures | κατὰ τὰς γραφάς | selon les Écritures | Medium | 15 | Ties to baseline fulfillment-of-prophecy/inspiration-of-Scripture doctrines; low OT literacy risk. |
Chapter 16 — Closing Instructions
| English Term | Greek (transliteration) | French Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| collection | λογία (logia) | la collecte | Low | 16 | Standard. |
| Maranatha | Μαράνα θά | Maranatha | Medium | 16 | Retain transliteration per baseline “Abba” precedent; requires explanatory gloss. |
| anathema / accursed | ἀνάθεμα (anathema) | anathème | High | 16 | Collides with Council of Trent’s condemnation-formula usage; clarify Paul’s simpler apostolic-curse sense in teaching material. |
| holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον (philēma hagion) | un saint baiser | Low-Medium | 16 | Cultural-practice note (modern French greeting customs differ), not a doctrinal risk. |
C. Chapters Reviewed with No New Theological Vocabulary
None. Every chapter of 1 Corinthians (1–16) contributed at least one load-bearing term requiring analysis, as documented above; no chapter is silently omitted from this glossary.
Critical Risk Terms
Fire Testing
Approved rendering: le feu / éprouver
Transliteration: le feu / éprouver
Doctrine: Testing of Ministry-Works by Fire (Purgatory Collision)
Original: πῦρ / δοκιμάζω
Category: Judgment
3:10-15 (πῦρ / δοκιμάζω). CRITICAL, historic French Catholic/Protestant flashpoint long cited as scriptural support for le purgatoire; must never render the fire as purifying the person rather than testing the quality of ministry-work, and v.15’s ‘il sera sauvé’ must remain unambiguous. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Head
Approved rendering: tête (recommended) / chef (historic Segond alternative — pending theologian ruling)
Transliteration: tête / chef
Doctrine: Gender and Head-Covering Order in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Order in Worship
11:3,10 (κεφαλή). CRITICAL, unresolved pending explicit theologian ruling before Phase 2. Sits at the center of a live complementarian/egalitarian debate cutting across French Catholicism and Protestantism/evangelicalism; ‘chef’ overstates institutional-command hierarchy (chef d’entreprise, chef d’État), ‘tête’ better preserves ambiguity but may underspecify authority. Do not resolve silently.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: corps et sang
Transliteration: corps et sang
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
11:24-27 (σῶμα καὶ αἷμα). CRITICAL, directly parallel to the baseline’s ‘justification’ flashpoint. All major French eucharistic traditions (Catholic transubstantiation, Lutheran real presence, Reformed real spiritual presence, evangelical memorialism) use the identical words; translation must remain neutral/literal and never silently encode any one theology (avoid inserting ‘symbole de’ or ‘réellement’ in either direction). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: en mémoire de moi
Transliteration: en mémoire de moi
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: souvenir (too thin), mémorial (too liturgically thick/Catholic)
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Lord’s Supper
11:24-25 (ἀνάμνησις). Keep deliberately plain and theology-neutral, sitting between a thin ‘souvenir’ and a thick liturgical ‘mémorial’; let teaching material, not the base translation, carry theological elaboration.
Love
Approved rendering: amour
Transliteration: amour
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: charité (narrowed in modern French to organized almsgiving)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
12:31; 13:1-13 (ἀγάπη). CRITICAL, direct parallel to the baseline’s ‘justification’ flashpoint. Historic Vulgate/Crampon Catholic rendering ‘charité’ has narrowed in contemporary French almost entirely to almsgiving (une association caritative); ‘amour’ (Segond/ecumenical consensus) is required. Documented, deliberate decision requiring theologian sign-off, since Catholic-formed reviewers may expect or request ‘charité’.
Raised Verb
Approved rendering: est ressuscité
Transliteration: est ressuscité
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: renaissance, rebond
Original: ἐγείρω / ἐγήγερται
Category: Eschatology
15:4 (ἐγείρω / ἐγήγερται). Doctrinal center of the core passage. Standard French ‘il est ressuscité’ reads grammatically active/reflexive and loses the Greek perfect passive’s implicit divine agency (the Father raised him); teaching material should make the Father’s agency explicit where doctrinally load-bearing. Never a metaphor for renewal, legacy, or ‘his message living on’.
Resurrection Of The Dead
Approved rendering: la résurrection des morts
Transliteration: la résurrection des morts
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology
15:12-58 (ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν). Extends the noun ‘résurrection’ from Christ’s own rising to the general future resurrection of all believers; chief risk is secular-naturalist flattening into metaphor rather than a future, bodily, historical event.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). The Romans 4:4-5/11:5-6 grace-vs-merit rule extends directly to 1 Corinthians 15:10 (‘by the grace of God I am what I am… not I, but the grace of God with me’), a prime Catholic sacramental-grace vs. Reformed sola gratia flashpoint; grace must remain the sole causal agent of Paul’s transformation and labor, not a co-equal enabling context alongside his own effort.
Saints
Approved rendering: saints
Transliteration: les saints
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Occurs 1:2; 6:1-2; 14:33; 16:1, 15. Mandatory clarifying gloss ‘tous les croyants’ applies at every occurrence, especially urgent at 6:1-2 where ordinary Corinthians are described as future judges.
Church
Approved rendering: Église
Transliteration: Église
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: temple (building only)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Extremely frequent in this letter (1:2; 4:17; 6:4; 7:17; 10:32; 11:16,18,22; 12:28; 14:4-5,12,19,23,28,33-35; 15:9; 16:1,19); every occurrence must resist the institution/building reading, especially 15:9’s vivid image of the church as the direct object of Paul’s former persecution.
Lord
Approved rendering: Seigneur
Transliteration: Seigneur
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: maître, patron
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Extremely frequent throughout (e.g. 1:2-3,8; 5:4-5; 6:13-17; 7:10-39; 8:6; 9:1-2; 10:21-22; 11:20,23,26-27,32; 12:3,5; 15:31,57-58; 16:22-23); every confession must retain exclusive, living force, not a distant feudal-honorific reading.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: scandale
Transliteration: scandale
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σκάνδαλον
Category: Cross and Wisdom
1:23 (σκάνδαλον). Modern French ‘scandale’ overwhelmingly denotes a media/moral/political scandal, an erosion pattern parallel to the baseline’s documented drift in ‘péché’ and ‘élection’; must always be anchored to unbelief/offense-to-faith (‘scandale pour la foi/l’incrédulité’), never left standing alone.
Deliver To Satan
Approved rendering: le livrer à Satan
Transliteration: le livrer à Satan
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: l’excommunier (imports developed canon-law procedure)
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᷠ
Category: Church Discipline
5:5 (παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᷠ). Render literally without softening into a vaguer ‘l’exclure de l’Église’; risk that French readers import the later, formally developed Catholic canon-law excommunication procedure onto Paul’s simpler, congregational, restorative act (‘afin que son esprit soit sauvé’).
Passover
Approved rendering: la Pâque
Transliteration: la Pâque
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: Pâques (Easter — orthographic collision)
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
5:7 (πάσχα). A subtle but consequential French-specific orthographic distinction: ‘la Pâque’ (no ‘s’, the Jewish/typological Passover) must never be confused with ‘Pâques’ (with ‘s’, the Christian Easter feast). Mandatory native speaker proofreading at every occurrence.
Body
Approved rendering: corps
Transliteration: corps
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness and the Body as Temple
Original: σῶμα
Category: Anthropology / Ecclesiology
σῶμα, context-sensitive across four distinct senses: individual physical body (ch. 6), sacramental elements (ch. 11), ecclesial body of Christ (ch. 12), resurrection body (ch. 15). Every occurrence of ‘corps’ must be sense-checked before translation, following the same discipline the baseline applies to ‘appelé’.
Temple Of Holy Spirit Individual
Approved rendering: le temple du Saint-Esprit
Transliteration: le temple du Saint-Esprit
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness and the Body as Temple
Original: ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: Holiness
6:19 (ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος). Must be clearly distinguished from the corporate temple statement of 3:16-17; conflating the two blurs Paul’s argument that sexual immorality defiles one’s own body as the Spirit’s individual dwelling.
Right Authority Liberty
Approved rendering: droit / liberté (contextual: autorité)
Transliteration: droit / liberté / autorité
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christian Liberty
ἐξουσία, context-sensitive across chs. 8-9 (personal right/liberty one may voluntarily forgo) and 11:10 (disputed authority sense). Flag every occurrence for confirmation of the active sense before translating, following the baseline’s precedent for ‘called’.
Tradition
Approved rendering: tradition(s) / j’ai transmis
Transliteration: tradition(s)
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and the Fixed Gospel Deposit
Original: παράδοσις / παραδίδωμι
Category: Scripture and Tradition
11:2,23; 15:3 (παράδοσις / παραδίδωμι). Direct collision with French Catholic ‘la Tradition’ (capital T) as a formal, co-authoritative, ongoing doctrinal source; Paul’s usage is a closed, fixed apostolic-era deposit. Mandatory clarifying gloss recommended (‘l’enseignement transmis par les apôtres’); flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: le repas du Seigneur / la Cène
Transliteration: la Cène
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: l’Eucharistie (imports Catholic Mass framing)
Original: δεῖπνον κυριακόν
Category: Lord’s Supper
11:20 (δεῖπνον κυριακόν). Recommend ‘la Cène’ as the established, ecumenically-recognized term-of-art; avoid ‘l’Eucharistie’ as the primary rendering.
Discern The Body
Approved rendering: discerner le corps
Transliteration: discerner le corps
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνω τὸ σῶμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
11:29 (διακρίνω τὸ σῶμα). Interpretation of ‘the body’ (Christ’s sacramental body vs. the gathered church community) is disputed and affects doctrinal framing; connects Church Discipline/Holiness to the Lord’s Supper.
Body Of Christ Ecclesial
Approved rendering: le corps du Christ
Transliteration: le corps du Christ
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Spiritual Gifts / Ecclesiology
12:12-27 (σῶμα Χριστοῦ). Must be clearly distinguished from the identical Eucharistic phrase ‘corps du Christ’ in ch. 11; teaching material must explicitly distinguish the sacramental and ecclesial referents when both chapters are taught in sequence.
Baptize Spirit
Approved rendering: baptisés
Transliteration: baptisés
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Spiritual Gifts / Sacraments
12:13 (βαπτίζω). Metaphorical/spiritual incorporation into Christ’s body by the Spirit, distinct from the water rite; intersects live French denominational disagreement over baptismal mode/subject — flag so the translation does not silently favor one baptismal theology.
Tongues Kinds
Approved rendering: diverses langues / don des langues
Transliteration: diverses langues
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: γένη γλωσσῶν
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:10,28,30 (γένη γλωσσῶν). Intersects the continuationist/cessationist and charismatic (Renouveau charismatique)/non-charismatic divide within French Catholicism and Protestantism alike.
Tongue
Approved rendering: langue(s)
Transliteration: langue(s)
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι
Category: Order in Worship
Ch. 14 (γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι). Term itself stable; surrounding doctrine (continuationist/cessationist, charismatic/non-charismatic) is contested — flag for native speaker and, where curriculum commentary takes an interpretive position, theologian review.
Be Silent
Approved rendering: se taire / garder le silence
Transliteration: se taire
Doctrine: Gender and Head-Covering Order in Worship
Original: σιγάω
Category: Order in Worship
14:28,30,34-35 (σιγάω). The application to women (14:34-35) is one of the most actively debated passages in contemporary French Christianity, further complicated by text-critical questions about the verses’ manuscript location. Render literally, identical to its other ch. 14 occurrences; resolution belongs to curriculum commentary, not the base translation. Mandatory theologian review.
Appeared
Approved rendering: il est apparu
Transliteration: il est apparu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ὁράω / ὤφθη
Category: Eschatology
15:5-8 (ὁράω / ὤφθη). Must preserve an objective, historical, eyewitness sense; avoid phrasing suggesting a private vision or ‘une apparition’ (which carries strong folk-Catholic Marian-apparition resonance in French) — undercuts Paul’s evidentiary argument in 15:12-19.
Spiritual Body Natural Body
Approved rendering: corps spirituel / corps naturel
Transliteration: corps spirituel / corps naturel
Doctrine: The Resurrection Body and Eschatological Hope
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν
Category: Eschatology
15:44 (σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν). Must not be read as denying bodily physicality (a Gnostic-flavored dualist misreading, compounded by residual French Cartesian dualist habits of thought); given a secularizing readership, the opposite risk (dismissing bodily resurrection as poetic metaphor) is equally live.
Died For Our Sins
Approved rendering: Christ est mort pour nos péchés
Transliteration: Christ est mort pour nos péchés
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: est mort à cause de nous (non-substitutionary, merely causal reading)
Original: Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
Category: Atonement
15:3 (Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν). Atonement/substitution language, mandatory theologian review per the baseline’s escalation rules (parallel to Romans 3:25). Must preserve vicarious, in-our-place substitution, not a merely sympathetic or exemplary death.
Anathema
Approved rendering: anathème
Transliteration: anathème
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Church Discipline
16:22 (ἀνάθεμα). Direct historical collision, structurally identical to the baseline’s ‘justification’ treatment: the Council of Trent’s canons repeatedly conclude condemnations with ‘anathema sit’, making ‘anathème’ carry heavier institutional-condemnation freight in French than Paul’s solemn but simpler apostolic curse formula. Flag for theologian review; teaching material should clarify without softening Paul’s own solemnity.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: foi
Transliteration: foi
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: croyance, religion
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). In 15:2, 14, 17 the object of foi (Christ’s resurrection) must remain explicit and non-negotiable; ‘votre foi est vaine’ if Christ is not raised.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salut
Transliteration: salut
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: délivrance
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). 15:2’s present-tense force (‘vous êtes sauvés’, ongoing) must not be flattened into a completed past action alone, which would lose Paul’s emphasis on persevering in the received gospel.
Called
Approved rendering: appelé
Transliteration: appelé
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: invité
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Context-sensitive across at least four senses in 1 Corinthians: apostolic call (1:1), effectual salvation call (1:9, 1:24, 1:26), state-of-life/occupational calling (7:15-24 — an explicit, documented exception to the general anti-‘vocation’ caution), and title-worthiness (15:9, ‘worthy to be called an apostle’). This curriculum’s doctrine registry treats the effectual-calling sense as High risk; flag each occurrence for active sense before translating.
Calling
Approved rendering: appel
Transliteration: appel
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocation (clergy-narrowing risk)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). At 7:20 (‘remain in the calling in which you were called’) the state-of-life/occupational sense is precisely intended — an explicit, documented exception to the baseline’s general caution against ‘vocation’; at 1:26 the general effectual-calling sense applies and carries the baseline’s higher-risk profile.
Holy
Approved rendering: saint
Transliteration: saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: pur
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Applied to the believer’s body as God’s dwelling (3:17) and to marriage partners/children under one believing spouse (7:14, 34); retain moral-relational set-apartness, not ritual purity.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sanctification
Transliteration: sanctification
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purification
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Extended to the adjectival/participial form ἡγιασμένοις at 1:2 (already-accomplished status) and 6:11 (conversion triad: washed, sanctified, justified).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Intersects Spirit-baptism (12:13) and the spiritual-gifts term family (ch. 12); maintain identical rendering throughout to avoid implying two distinct entities.
Father
Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: Père
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Standard at 1:3, 8:6, 15:24 (the Father to whom Christ finally delivers the kingdom).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: communion fraternelle
Transliteration: communion fraternelle
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: communion (bare)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). At 10:16-18 intensified toward sacramental ‘participation in the blood/body of Christ’ at the Lord’s table, bridging into ch. 11 vocabulary; qualify per context so bare ‘communion’ is not heard as reception of the Eucharist specifically.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dons spirituels
Transliteration: dons spirituels
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: talents
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Central term family for chs. 12 and 14; charismatic Catholic renewal (Renouveau charismatique) and cessationist-leaning streams read this vocabulary differently — keep gifts explicitly Spirit-attributed, never natural talent.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: résurrection
Transliteration: résurrection
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: renaissance
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). IMPORTANT CURRICULUM-SPECIFIC ESCALATION: this curriculum’s own doctrine_risk_registry.json and bible_term_registry.json classify this term as CRITICAL for every occurrence in chapter 15 (15:1-58), since it is the doctrinal center of the core passage and of the whole letter’s argument. Phase 2 review routing must treat all chapter 15 occurrences as Critical (mandatory theologian review) despite the baseline default shown here. Chief risk: secular-naturalist flattening into metaphor (renewal, legacy) rather than a bodily, historical, once-for-all and future event.
Sin
Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: péché
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). At 15:3, 17 the specific object of Christ’s substitutionary death; colloquial French ‘péché mignon’ risks trivializing the weight of this claim.
Glory
Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: gloire
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). At 15:40-43 describes the graded splendor of resurrection bodies; secular ‘gloire’ (celebrity, military) risks flattening this into mere honor/prestige.
God
Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Standard throughout; the ultimate source of all things (8:6) and the one to whom all is finally subjected (15:28).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messie
Transliteration: Messie
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Reserved for explicit OT-fulfillment contexts (e.g., 15:3-4’s ‘according to the Scriptures’), distinct from the new ‘christ’ entry below, used where Χριστός functions as Paul’s ordinary proper-name/title.
Division
Approved rendering: divisions
Transliteration: divisions
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: schisme (too institutionally formal)
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
1:10, 11:18-19 (σχίσμα). Established French Bible tradition (Segond, TOB) uses ‘divisions’; reject ‘schisme’, which denotes a formal, permanent institutional rupture (Great Schism, Orthodox-Catholic schism) and would wrongly imply Corinth had formally split into separate churches, an especially live overreading risk given France’s own ecclesial memory of formal schisms.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: sagesse
Transliteration: sagesse
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σοφία
Category: Cross and Wisdom
Chs. 1-3 (σοφία). Paul’s ironic double use (worldly rhetorical prestige vs. God’s redefined wisdom in the cross) is not inherent to the French word and must be carried by teaching material, not the translation.
Cross
Approved rendering: croix
Transliteration: croix
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Cross and Wisdom
1:17-18 (σταυρός). Theologically stable across Catholic/Protestant French tradition, but contemporary secular culture heavily assimilates ‘croix’ as decorative jewelry or generic historical symbol; teaching material must reinforce the scandal/power tension.
Mystery
Approved rendering: mystère
Transliteration: mystère
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
2:1,7; 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51 (μυστήριον). French Catholic devotional usage (‘les mystères du Rosaire’) risks narrowing Paul’s dynamic hidden-then-revealed gospel-content sense into a closed set of devotional formulas.
Spiritual Person
Approved rendering: spirituel
Transliteration: spirituel
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: πνευματικός
Category: Spiritual Discernment
2:13-15 (πνευματικός). Ties to the ‘dons spirituels’ term family; ensure consistent rendering across chs. 2, 3, 12, 14.
Natural Man
Approved rendering: l’homme naturel
Transliteration: l’homme naturel
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Spiritual Discernment
2:14 (ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος). Established Segond/TOB rendering; risks sounding like merely ‘an ordinary person’ rather than Paul’s precise Spirit/no-Spirit anthropological category — requires contextual glossing.
Fleshly
Approved rendering: charnel
Transliteration: charnel
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
3:1,3 (σαρκικός). Moral-spiritual immaturity evidenced in factionalism, not a condemnation of embodiment/physicality itself.
Temple Of God Corporate
Approved rendering: le temple de Dieu
Transliteration: le temple de Dieu
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ
Category: Church
3:16-17 (plural ‘you’, ναὸς θεοῦ). Must not be collapsed into a physical building (Catholic or French Protestant ‘temple’), nor confused with the individual-body sense at 6:19.
Edification
Approved rendering: édification / construction
Transliteration: édification / construction
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Church
3:9-14 (literal building metaphor: ‘construction’/‘édifice’) vs. ch. 14 (figurative doctrinal sense: ‘édification’). Distinguish the two senses so French readers do not conflate them.
Steward
Approved rendering: intendant
Transliteration: intendant
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: serviteur (too generic)
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Ministry
4:1-2 (οἰκονόμος). Preserves delegated managerial trust and accountability; must not imply an ongoing, transferable clerical office rather than Paul’s own unique, unrepeatable apostolic commission.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: immoralité sexuelle
Transliteration: immoralité sexuelle
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: impudicité (archaic, dated register)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Holiness
5:1; 6:9-11,13,18; 7:2; 10:8 (πορνεία). Prefer over the now low-frequency, dated Segond ‘impudicité’; ensure identical rendering across all four chapters for curriculum consistency and retain moral seriousness against softening drift.
Leaven
Approved rendering: levain / sans levain
Transliteration: levain / sans levain
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη / ἄζυμος
Category: Holiness
5:6-8 (ζύμη / ἄζυμος). Requires OT/Passover background explanation (teaching-note matter, not translation change) for the typology of removing tolerated sin from the congregation to land.
Redeemed
Approved rendering: acheté(s)
Transliteration: acheté(s)
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness and the Body as Temple
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
6:20 (ἀγοράζω), ‘vous avez été achetés à un prix’. Should be understood against the ancient slave-market background, not flattened into a routine modern commercial transaction; teaching material should supply this background.
Virgin
Approved rendering: vierge
Transliteration: vierge
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
7:25-38 (παρθένος). The precise referent (unmarried woman generally, or betrothed daughter/fiancée specifically) varies by verse and by interpreter; flag for native speaker review given genuine interpretive range.
Separate Divorce
Approved rendering: se séparer / divorcer
Transliteration: se séparer / divorcer
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω
Category: Marriage
7:10-11,15 (χωρίζω). Contemporary French civil divorce law/procedure differs substantially from the first-century background; ensure Paul’s pastoral instruction is not read as commentary on modern civil-law divorce specifically.
Gift State Of Life
Approved rendering: don
Transliteration: don
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Marriage
7:7 (χάρισμα, singular). Same French rendering as ch. 12’s ‘dons spirituels’ family but applied here to a state-of-life gift (celibacy or marriage); teaching material must distinguish this application from ch. 12’s ministry-empowerment sense.
Food Sacrificed To Idols
Approved rendering: viande / aliments sacrifiés aux idoles
Transliteration: viande / aliments sacrifiés aux idoles
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Christian Liberty
Chs. 8, 10 (εἰδωλόθυτον). Requires mandatory Greco-Roman temple-market/temple-dining cultural-background teaching note; no living French cultural analog.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: connaissance
Transliteration: connaissance
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: gnose (anachronistic Gnostic-heresy association)
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Liberty
8:1, ‘la connaissance enfle d’orgueil’ (γνῶσις). Must never use ‘gnose’, which imports the unrelated ancient Gnostic heresy and esoteric-elitist theology into Paul’s plain vocabulary for doctrinal understanding.
Conscience
Approved rendering: conscience
Transliteration: conscience
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Liberty
Chs. 8, 10 (συνείδησις). French ‘conscience’ aligns conceptually but must retain the specifically moral-theological weight Paul gives it (weak, defiled, wounded), not a merely psychological/subjective-opinion sense.
Cause To Stumble
Approved rendering: faire tomber / faire trébucher
Transliteration: faire tomber / faire trébucher
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: σκανδαλίζω
Category: Christian Liberty
8:13 (σκανδαλίζω). Verb form of σκάνδαλον; less exposed than the noun to the modern media-scandal drift, but check for clarity in each context.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: disqualifié
Transliteration: disqualifié
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: réprouvé (imports Reformed double-predestination freight)
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Ministry
9:27 (ἀδόκιμος). Athletic-disqualification metaphor about disciplined ministry, not final-salvation status; never use ‘réprouvé’, which carries heavy technical freight from Reformed/Jansenist double-predestination debates (the eternally ‘reprobate’).
Temptation
Approved rendering: tentation
Transliteration: tentation
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Christian Liberty
10:9,13 (πειρασμός). 10:13’s promise (‘une porte de sortie’) must not be softened into a guarantee against difficulty generally rather than a promise of escape specifically from sin’s temptation.
Demon
Approved rendering: démon
Transliteration: démon
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Christian Liberty
10:20-21 (δαιμόνιον). Personifies idolatry as demonically real, not merely primitive superstition; flag given a secularizing French readership’s likely skepticism toward the demonic register.
Type Example
Approved rendering: exemple / figure
Transliteration: exemple / figure
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: τύπος
Category: Typology
10:6,11 (τύπος). Requires OT wilderness-narrative literacy not assumable across target readers; a teaching-note cross-reference, not a translation substitution, addresses this.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: la table du Seigneur
Transliteration: la table du Seigneur
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου
Category: Lord’s Supper
10:21 (τράπεζα κυρίου), contrasted with the table of demons; direct bridge into ch. 11’s Lord’s Supper vocabulary — do not translate in isolation.
Cup
Approved rendering: coupe
Transliteration: coupe
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: calice (imports Catholic Mass vessel-terminology)
Original: ποτήριον
Category: Lord’s Supper
11:25-28 (ποτήριον). Never use ‘calice’, the specific technical liturgical vessel-name of the Catholic Mass, for Paul’s plain narrative noun.
Judgment
Approved rendering: jugement / condamnation
Transliteration: jugement
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: κρίμα
Category: Church Discipline
11:29,34 (κρίμα). Temporal disciplinary sense (explicitly distinguished from final eternal condemnation at 11:32), never implying loss of final salvation.
Order
Approved rendering: ordre
Transliteration: ordre
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις
Category: Order in Worship
11 (implicit theme); 14:40, ‘que tout se fasse… avec ordre’ (τάξις). Minor overlap with ‘ordre religieux’ (monastic order) is fully disambiguated by context; actual risk low-to-medium.
Member
Approved rendering: membre(s)
Transliteration: membre(s)
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλος / μέλη
Category: Ecclesiology
12:12,14-27 (μέλος / μέλη). French ‘membre’ risks flattening to club-membership sense; reinforce Paul’s organic, non-optional body-part imagery in surrounding prose.
Healings
Approved rendering: dons de guérison
Transliteration: dons de guérison
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: ἴαμα / ἰάματα
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:9,28,30 (ἴαμα / ἰάματα). Same charismatic sensitivity as tongues, generally less contested specifically.
Perfect Complete
Approved rendering: parfait / ce qui est achevé
Transliteration: parfait
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: τέλειος
Category: Eschatology
13:10 (τέλειος). Select the ‘completeness’ sense (eschatological consummation), not the moral-perfection sense French ‘parfait’ more readily suggests, to avoid implying believers must attain sinless perfection before the gifts cease.
Interpretation
Approved rendering: interprétation / interpréter
Transliteration: interprétation
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω
Category: Spiritual Gifts
14:5,13,26-28 (ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω). Standard rendering.
Untimely Born
Approved rendering: comme à l’avorton (or softer periphrasis: comme à celui qui est né après terme, de manière anormale)
Transliteration: avorton
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: avorton (bare — insulting register)
Original: ἔκτρωμα
Category: Apostleship
15:8 (ἔκτρωμα). Literal ‘avorton’ carries a harsh, insulting register in ordinary French, stronger than Paul’s self-deprecating but not self-degrading tone. A softer periphrasis is recommended; doctrinal force (undeserved, abrupt grace) must be retained.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: prémices
Transliteration: prémices
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
15:20,23 (ἀπαρχή). Requires agricultural/OT-offering background explanation (literacy risk, not doctrinal-collision risk) for the typological argument to land.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: périssable / impérissable
Transliteration: périssable / impérissable
Doctrine: The Resurrection Body and Eschatological Hope
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
15:42,53-54 (φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος). Standard rendering.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: le dernier Adam
Transliteration: le dernier Adam
Doctrine: The Resurrection Body and Eschatological Hope
Original: ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
15:45 (ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ). Requires Genesis literacy (the first Adam’s fall) not assumable across target readers to carry its full typological force; a cross-referencing note, not a translation change, addresses this.
According To Scriptures
Approved rendering: selon les Écritures
Transliteration: selon les Écritures
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
Category: Scripture
15:3-4 (κατὰ τὰς γραφάς). Ties to the fulfillment-of-prophecy and inspiration-of-Scripture doctrines; low OT literacy across all three target reader groups requires explicit cross-referencing (e.g., Isaiah 53, Psalm 16) in teaching material, not the translation itself.
Received Tradition
Approved rendering: reçu
Transliteration: reçu
Doctrine: Apostolic Tradition and the Fixed Gospel Deposit
Original: παραλαμβάνω
Category: Scripture and Tradition
15:1,3 (παραλαμβάνω). Sets up the tradition-transmission pair with ‘j’ai transmis’ (παραδίδωμι); flag for consistency with the ‘tradition’ entry regarding the French Catholic ‘Tradition’ collision.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: sont morts / se sont endormis
Transliteration: se sont endormis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: κοιμάομαι / ἐκοιμήθησαν
Category: Eschatology
15:6,18,20,51 (κοιμάομαι / ἐκοιμήθησαν). Preserve the sleep-metaphor’s hope-bearing force (‘sont endormis’) in resurrection-context passages rather than flattening to bare ‘sont morts’, which loses the waking-hope connotation.
Proclaim
Approved rendering: prêchons / proclamons
Transliteration: prêcher / proclamer
Doctrine: Unity of Apostolic Testimony
Rejected alternatives: enseigner (too didactic/private)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Evangelism
15:11; also 1:23, 9:27 (κηρύσσω). Herald-announcement force distinct from ‘enseigner’; ensure identical French rendering across the whole book per baseline consistency rules, serving the Christian Unity vs. Factionalism doctrine.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: Maranatha
Transliteration: Maranatha
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: Μαράνα θά
Category: Worship
16:22 (Μαράνα θά). Aramaic liturgical formula (‘Our Lord, come!’), retained untranslated per the baseline’s ‘Abba’ precedent; requires an explanatory gloss given very low likelihood of prior exposure among secular and lapsed-Catholic French readers.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Évangile
Transliteration: Évangile
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: bonne nouvelle (informal only)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Anchors 1 Corinthians 15:1-11’s fixed, authoritative, received-and-transmitted gospel content (1:17; 4:15; 9:12-23; 15:1, 11); must retain the sense of one settled apostolic message, not one teaching among several.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apôtre
Transliteration: apôtre
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Occurs 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-2; 12:28-29; 15:7, 9. Note: this curriculum’s own bible_term_registry.json treats apostle as Medium risk given the fixed, closed apostolic circle at 15:7-9 and Paul’s ‘least of the apostles’ self-designation (15:9); reviewers should apply extra care at those occurrences despite the baseline’s Low default.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: action de grâce
Transliteration: action de grâce
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Occurs 1:4, 14:16-18; minor overlap with the Eucharistic ‘action de grâce’ of Catholic liturgy.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhorter
Transliteration: exhorter
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement (1:10, 4:16).
Prophet
Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: prophète
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: voyant
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). A listed spiritual gift/office (12:28-29) and worship-order category (ch. 14).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: prophétie
Transliteration: prophétie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Extends into the worship-order discussion of ch. 14 alongside tongues, praised above tongues for intelligibility and edifying power.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline value unchanged). Standard across all French traditions.
Christ
Approved rendering: Christ
Transliteration: Christ
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry for this curriculum, distinct from ‘messiah’ (Messie). In 1 Corinthians Χριστός functions predominantly as a proper name/title (‘Jésus-Christ’, ‘le Christ’), rendered ‘Christ’ per the baseline’s established transliteration standard (Christ = Christ), not ‘Messie’.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: folie
Transliteration: folie
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Cross and Wisdom
1:18-25 (μωρία), ironically paired with sagesse; the world’s assessment of the message of the cross.
Foundation
Approved rendering: fondement
Transliteration: fondement
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Church
3:11 (θεμέλιος), ‘no other foundation than Jesus Christ’.
Marriage
Approved rendering: se marier / le mariage
Transliteration: se marier / le mariage
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γαμέω / γάμος
Category: Marriage
Ch. 7 throughout (γαμέω / γάμος). Standard terms.
Unmarried
Approved rendering: non marié(e) / célibataire
Transliteration: non marié(e) / célibataire
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
7:8,11,32,34 (ἄγαμος). Standard.
Idol
Approved rendering: idole
Transliteration: idole
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Christian Liberty
8:4; 10:19-20 (εἴδωλον). Standard rendering.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: idolâtrie
Transliteration: idolâtrie
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Christian Liberty
10:7,14 (εἰδωλολατρία). Standard rendering.
Working Manifestation
Approved rendering: opération(s) / manifestation
Transliteration: opération(s) / manifestation
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: ἐνέργημα / φανέρωσις
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:6-7 (ἐνέργημα / φανέρωσις). Standard rendering.
Patient Kind
Approved rendering: patient(e) / plein(e) de bonté
Transliteration: patient(e) / plein(e) de bonté
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: μακροθυμέω / χρηστεύομαι
Category: Love
13:4 (μακροθυμέω / χρηστεύομαι). Standard.
Envious Puffed Up
Approved rendering: envieux / gonflé d’orgueil
Transliteration: envieux / gonflé d’orgueil
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ζηλόω / φυσιόω
Category: Love
13:4 (ζηλόω / φυσιόω). Standard.
Child Infant
Approved rendering: enfant
Transliteration: enfant
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: νήπιος
Category: Love
13:11 (νήπιος). Standard.
Buried
Approved rendering: a été enseveli
Transliteration: a été enseveli
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: θάπτω / ἐτάφη
Category: Christology
15:4 (θάπτω / ἐτάφη). Confirms the physical reality and finality of Christ’s death, ruling out any docetic escape from real death.
Collection
Approved rendering: la collecte
Transliteration: la collecte
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Stewardship
Original: λογία
Category: Stewardship
16:1-2 (λογία). The collection gathered for the Jerusalem church.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: un saint baiser
Transliteration: un saint baiser
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Fellowship
16:20 (φίλημα ἅγιον). Cultural-practice note only, not a doctrinal risk; modern French greeting customs (la bise) differ in social meaning — teaching material may note the modern equivalent is a warm greeting/embrace (‘une accolade fraternelle’).
Referenced passages