Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English → French)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering Titus 1–3 in full. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] are already recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and are reused here exactly, with no modification. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory and must be reviewed and versioned into translation_memory.json before Phase 2 processing begins.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low) exactly.
Table 1 — Terms Reused from Romans Baseline (no change)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | French Rendering | Risk | Titus Passages | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | χάρις / charis | grâce | High | 2:11; 3:7, 3:15 | Reuse exactly; grace-trains-for-godly-living framing adds a new pedagogical dimension not present in Romans, but the term itself is unchanged. |
| faith | πίστις / pistis | foi | Medium | 1:1, 1:4, 1:13; 2:2, 2:10; 3:15 | Reuse exactly. |
| salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria (verbal ἔσωσεν) | salut | Medium | 2:11; 3:5 | Reuse exactly. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | apôtre | Low | 1:1 | Reuse exactly. |
| election | ἐκλεκτός / eklektos | élection / élus | High | 1:1 (“God’s elect”) | Reuse exactly; same political-election collision risk applies. |
| justification | δικαιόω / dikaioō | justification / justifiés | Critical | 3:7 | Reuse exactly; mandatory theologian review. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | justice | Critical | 2:12; 3:5 | Reuse exactly. |
| law | νόμος / nomos | loi (la Loi) | High | 3:9 | Reuse exactly; Mosaic referent. |
| sin | ἁμαρτάνω / hamartanō | péché / pécher | Medium | 3:11 | Reuse exactly. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Jésus | Low | throughout | Reuse exactly. |
| God | θεός / theos | Dieu | Critical | throughout | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Esprit Saint | Critical | 3:5 | Reuse exactly. |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Père | High | 1:4 | Reuse exactly. |
| peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | paix | Medium | 1:4 | Reuse exactly. |
| glory | δόξα / doxa | gloire | High | 2:13 | Reuse exactly. |
| exhort | παρακαλέω / parakaleō | exhorter | Low | 1:9; 2:15 | Reuse exactly. |
| prophet | προφήτης / prophētēs | prophète | Low | 1:12 | Reuse exactly; refers to the Cretan poet cited by Paul as “one of their own prophets” — culturally distinct usage, worth a teaching note but no rendering change. |
Table 2 — New Terms for This Curriculum (proposed translation memory additions)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | French Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant of God | δοῦλος θεοῦ / doulos theou | serviteur (de Dieu) | Medium | Apostleship / Identity | 1:1 | Positive ownership-identity; must contrast with negative δουλεύω at 3:3. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια / eusebeia | piété | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:1; 2:12 | Risk of narrowing to Catholic devotional-practice sense; needs clarifying gloss. |
| knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας / epignōsis alētheias | la connaissance de la vérité | Medium | Sound Doctrine | 1:1 | Avoid academic/detached “connaissance” reading. |
| elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | ancien | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | Must be kept distinct from “âgé” (age-term, 2:2–3); Reformed-French office term unfamiliar to Catholic readers. |
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | évêque (with mandatory gloss identifying with “ancien”) | Critical | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Direct collision with the Catholic diocesan-bishop office; same office as πρεσβύτερος in this text, not a higher rank. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| steward | οἰκονόμος / oikonomos | intendant | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Metaphorical use of the elder’s role. |
| blameless | ἀνέγκλητος / anegklētos | irréprochable | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6, 1:7 | Reputational standard, not sinless perfection. |
| elder virtues (grouped) | φιλόξενος, φιλάγαθος, σώφρων, δίκαιος, ὅσιος, ἐγκρατής | hospitalier, ami du bien, sage/maître de lui-même, juste, saint, discipliné | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:8 | σώφρων recurs as a major ch.2 theme — see below. |
| elder vices (grouped) | αὐθάδης, ὀργίλος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, αἰσχροκερδής | arrogant, coléreux, adonné au vin, violent, âpre au gain | Low | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Standard vice-list vocabulary. |
| sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / hygiainousa didaskalia | la saine doctrine | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9, 1:13; 2:1, 2:8 | Must render identically at every occurrence; retain medical-health metaphor. |
| teaching / doctrine | διδαχή, διδασκαλία / didachē, didaskalia | doctrine / enseignement | Medium | Sound Doctrine | 1:9; 2:10 | Cross-reference “sound doctrine” master entry. |
| insubordinate | ἀνυπότακτος / anypotaktos | rebelle / insoumis | Medium | Sound Doctrine / Submission | 1:6, 1:10 | Deliberate contrast with ὑποτάσσω elsewhere. |
| false-teacher description (grouped) | ματαιολόγος, φρεναπάτης | discoureurs vains, trompeurs | Low-Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 1:10 | |
| circumcision party | περιτομή / peritomē | circoncision | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 1:10 | New entry; absent from Romans baseline. |
| Cretan proverb quotation | Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται | ”Les Crétois sont toujours menteurs” | Low | (cultural/contextual) | 1:12 | Cited proverb, not Paul’s personal ethnic judgment — teaching note recommended. |
| Jewish myths | Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι / Ioudaikoi mythoi | fables/mythes juifs | Low-Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 1:14 | |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | conscience | Medium | Sound Doctrine | 1:15 | Must retain God-oriented (not merely subjective) dimension. |
| disqualified | ἀδόκιμος / adokimos | incapables / disqualifiés | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:16 | |
| older man / older woman | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις | homme âgé / femme âgée | High | (household instruction) | 2:2–3 | Must be kept visually and lexically distinct from “ancien” (elder office, 1:5) despite shared Greek root. |
| self-control (recurring root) | σωφροσύνη, σώφρων, σωφρονίζω / sōphron- | maîtrise de soi / sage(s) / modéré(s) | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:2, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6; 2:12 | The letter’s most-repeated character term; avoid narrow “sobriété” (alcohol-only reading in French); render consistently across all 5 occurrences. |
| endurance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | persévérance / endurance | Medium | (older men’s virtues) | 2:2 | Distinguish from passive “patience.” |
| reverent (in behavior) | ἱεροπρεπής / hieroprepēs | digne / respectable | Medium | (older women’s virtues) | 2:3 | Avoid clerical/priestly-sounding French rendering. |
| slanderous | διάβολος (adj.) / diabolos | calomniatrices | High | (older women’s vices) | 2:3 | Must never use “diabolique” — false-cognate risk with “the Devil.” |
| enslaved to wine | οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένη | esclave du vin | Low-Medium | (older women’s vices) | 2:3 | Cross-reference δουλεύω family. |
| teacher of good | καλοδιδάσκαλος / kalodidaskalos | enseignant ce qui est bien | Low | (older women’s virtues) | 2:3 | |
| loving husbands / loving children | φίλανδρος, φιλότεκνος | aimant leur mari, aimant leurs enfants | Low | (young women’s virtues) | 2:4 | |
| domestically engaged | οἰκουργός / oikourgos | occupée aux travaux du foyer | Medium | (young women’s virtues) | 2:5 | Contextualize within household-code genre and the “word of God not reviled” purpose clause. |
| submit / submission | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | se soumettre | High | Submission to Authority | 2:5; 2:9; 3:1 | Contemporary French secular sensitivity around “soumission”; must always carry explicit voluntary/doctrinal framing. |
| example | τύπος / typos | modèle / exemple | Low | (Titus’s own example) | 2:7 | |
| integrity | ἀφθορία / aphthoria | intégrité | Low-Medium | (Titus’s own example) | 2:7 | |
| master | δεσπότης / despotēs | maître | High | Submission to Authority | 2:9 | Never “despote” — false cognate meaning “tyrant” in French. |
| slave-conduct terms (grouped) | εὐάρεστος, ἀντιλέγω, νοσφίζομαι, πίστιν ἐνδεικνύμενος | plaire en tout, ne pas contredire, ne pas détourner, montrer une entière fidélité | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2:9–10 | |
| adorn (doctrine) | κοσμέω / kosmeō | faire honneur à / orner | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:10 | |
| ungodliness | ἀσέβεια / asebeia | impiété | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Paired antonym of εὐσέβεια/piété. |
| worldly desires | κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι / kosmikai epithymiai | les désirs de ce monde | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Avoid “désirs mondains” (high-society connotation). |
| trains / disciplines | παιδεύω / paideuō | former / éduque | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Never “discipliner” — punitive false-friend in French. Core verb of the curriculum’s first named doctrine. |
| present age | νῦν αἰών / nyn aiōn | le temps présent / ce siècle présent | Medium | (eschatology) | 2:12 | |
| blessed hope | μακαρία ἐλπίς / makaria elpis | l’espérance bénie | Medium | (eschatology) | 2:13 | Use “espérance,” not weaker “espoir.” |
| appearing / epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια, ἐπιφαίνω / epiphaneia, epiphainō | manifestation / apparition | Critical | (Christology / eschatology) | 2:11, 2:13 | Never “Épiphanie” — collides with the Catholic 6 January feast. |
| great God and Savior (title) | ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | notre grand Dieu et Sauveur, Jésus-Christ | Critical | Deity of Christ | 2:13 | Preserve single-referent grammar (one comma group); mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Sauveur | High | Deity of Christ / Salvation | 1:3, 1:4; 2:10, 2:13; 3:4, 3:6 | New entry filling a Romans-baseline gap; applied to both Father and Son — consistency required. |
| gave himself (for us) | ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | s’est donné lui-même pour nous | High | Atonement | 2:14 | Flag per baseline’s atonement-language escalation rule. |
| redeem | λυτρόω / lytroō | racheter / rédemption | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Avoid “racheter ses fautes” self-effort connotation. |
| lawlessness | ἀνομία / anomia | iniquité | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Distinct from “péché” and “loi.” |
| cleanse / purify | καθαρίζω / katharizō | purifier | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Keep tied to Christ’s finished act, not repeated ritual. |
| a people for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος / laos periousios | un peuple qui lui appartienne en propre | High | Church as God’s People | 2:14 | Requires Exodus 19:5 cross-reference gloss. |
| good works | καλὰ ἔργα / kala erga | bonnes œuvres | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works / Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:16; 2:7, 2:14; 3:1, 3:8, 3:14 | Reformation merit/indulgence collision; always confirm fruit-not-basis framing near grace language. |
| speak / exhort / reprove (triad) | λαλέω, παρακαλέω, ἐλέγχω | annonce, exhorte, reprends | Medium | Sound Doctrine | 2:15 | ”Exhorte” reuses baseline “exhorter” exactly. |
| authority / command | ἐπιταγή / epitagē | autorité | Medium | Sound Doctrine | 1:3; 2:15 | |
| rulers and authorities | ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι / archai kai exousiai | autorités et pouvoirs | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Cross-reference Romans 13:1. |
| obey | πειθαρχέω / peitharcheō | obéir | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | |
| gentleness / reasonableness | πραΰτης, ἐπιεικής | douceur, conciliant/bienveillant | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:2 | |
| disobedient | ἀπειθής / apeithēs | désobéissants | Medium | (contrast term) | 3:3 | Antonym-in-spirit of baseline’s “obéissance de la foi.” |
| enslaved to desires | δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις | esclaves de convoitises et de plaisirs | Medium | (contrast term) | 3:3 | Contrast with positive δοῦλος θεοῦ (1:1). |
| kindness | χρηστότης / chrēstotēs | bonté | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | |
| love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία / philanthrōpia | amour pour les hommes | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | Never “philanthropie” — secular-charity false-friend. |
| not by works of righteousness | οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | non à cause des œuvres de justice | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Direct Titus restatement of the Romans justification argument; mandatory theologian review. |
| mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | miséricorde | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | New entry; note added Catholic devotional resonance (Divine Mercy) — awareness flag, not a corruption. |
| washing | λουτρόν / loutron | le bain / le lavage | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Sacramental-vs-non-sacramental fault line identical to baseline justification/grace controversy; render literally, do not resolve interpretively. |
| regeneration | παλιγγενεσία / paliggenesia | régénération | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Direct structural parallel to baseline’s “justification” Critical entry (Trent vs. Reformation on baptismal regeneration). Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις / anakainōsis | renouvellement | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Cross-reference Romans 12:2 for future consistency. |
| poured out | ἐκχέω / ekcheō | répandre | Low-Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:6 | Cross-reference Romans 5:5. |
| heir | κληρονόμος / klēronomos | héritiers | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace not Works / Adoption | 3:7 | Align with baseline’s “adoption filiale” full-inheritance framing. |
| faithful is the saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος / pistos ho logos | Cette parole est certaine | Medium | Sound Doctrine | 3:8 | Fixed Pastoral-Epistles formula; render identically wherever it recurs. |
| devote to good works | καλῶν ἔργων προΐστασθαι / prōistasthai | s’appliquer à / se consacrer aux bonnes œuvres | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:8, 3:14 | Avoid a “leadership” misreading of προΐστημι in this context. |
| profitable | ὠφέλιμος / ōphelimos | utiles | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:8 | |
| foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις / mōrai zētēseis | des spéculations insensées | Medium-High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Cross-reference 1:10, 1:14, 3:10 cluster. |
| genealogies | γενεαλογία / genealogia | généalogies | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | |
| strife | ἔρις / eris | querelles / disputes | Low-Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | |
| fights about the Law | μάχαι νομικαί / machai nomikai | disputes au sujet de la Loi | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Reuses baseline “Loi” capitalization convention. |
| a factious/divisive person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος / hairetikos anthrōpos | une personne qui provoque des divisions | Critical | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | Never render “hérétique” — anachronistic collision with the developed doctrinal-heresy/Inquisition concept; Paul describes a factious individual, not a formal heresy trial. Mandatory theologian review. |
| self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος / autokatakritos | se condamne lui-même | Low | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:11 | |
| unfruitful | ἄκαρπος / akarpos | stérile / sans fruit | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:14 |
Table 3 — Terms Reviewed, No New Rendering Required
The following passages were reviewed and confirmed to introduce no additional theological vocabulary beyond what is captured above or already governed by baseline reuse:
- Titus 3:12–13 — proper names only (Artemas, Tychicus, Zenas, Apollos); standard transliteration, Low risk, no glossary action required.
- Titus 3:15b (“Grace be with you all”) — closing benediction reusing the baseline “grâce” entry; no new term.
Risk Tier Summary (Titus new terms only)
| Risk | Count | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 | overseer/évêque, trains/παιδεύω, appearing/ἐπιφάνεια, great God and Savior title, not by works of righteousness, regeneration, factious person |
| High | 14 | elder, sound doctrine, self-control, submit, master, love for mankind, washing, good works, Savior, gave himself, redeem, a people for his own possession, older man/woman, slanderous, renewal, devote to good works |
| Medium | ~26 | godliness, knowledge of the truth, steward, blameless, teaching/doctrine, insubordinate, circumcision, conscience, disqualified, endurance, reverent, enslaved to wine, domestically engaged, integrity, slave-conduct terms, ungodliness, worldly desires, present age, blessed hope, lawlessness, cleanse, authority/command, rulers and authorities, obey, gentleness, disobedient, enslaved to desires, kindness, mercy, heir, faithful-saying formula, foolish controversies, fights about the Law |
| Low | ~13 | servant of God, elder virtues/vices (grouped), false-teacher description, Cretan proverb, Jewish myths, example, adorn, speak/exhort/reprove, profitable, genealogies, strife, self-condemned, unfruitful |
Escalation note: All 7 Critical-tier new terms, plus the High-tier “submit/ὑποτάσσω” and “master/δεσπότης” false-cognate risks, must be routed to mandatory human theologian review in Phase 2, per the baseline’s escalation rules extended to this curriculum. All new terms in this glossary must be added to translation_memory.json (version incremented) and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of Titus begins.
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans Language Package. All baseline term renderings are reused verbatim; all new terms are proposed at their documented risk tier for Phase 2 human review routing.
Critical Risk Terms
Justification
Approved rendering: justification
Transliteration: justification
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sanctification (conflation), salut (too generic)
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: the historic Reformation/Trent flashpoint. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 3:7, where justification directly grounds the believer’s heirship status. Render as a declared, not gradually achieved, status.
Overseer
Approved rendering: évêque (avec glose obligatoire l’identifiant à ‘ancien’)
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: surveillant / responsable (some French Protestant/evangelical translations avoid ‘évêque’ entirely; rejected here as the primary term because ‘évêque’ is the universal existing French-Bible-tradition rendering per landscape analysis — retained only inside a mandatory identity gloss)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:7. CRITICAL, France-specific: unglossed ‘évêque’ imports the modern Catholic diocesan-bishop office (apostolic succession, multi-congregation hierarchy) into a text where the term is synonymous with the plural, local ‘ancien’ of v.5. Retain ‘évêque’ only with an explicit gloss equating it with ‘ancien’; mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Trains Disciplines
Approved rendering: former / éduquer
Transliteration: paideuō
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: discipliner (forbidden — strong punitive connotation in French, ‘discipliner un enfant’ = to punish misbehavior, which would invert the verse’s logic that grace forms positively, not merely punitively)
Original: παιδεύω
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:12. CRITICAL: core verb of the curriculum’s first named doctrine. Grace is the acting subject; the verb conveys the whole formative process of child-rearing/education, not mere instruction and not punishment. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Appearing Epiphany
Approved rendering: manifestation / apparition
Transliteration: epiphaneia / epiphainō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Épiphanie (forbidden — fixed French name of the Catholic liturgical feast of the Magi, 6 January, an unrelated referent)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω
Category: Christology
Titus 2:11, 2:13. A glorious, decisive, visible manifestation — of grace historically (2:11) and of Christ’s glory at his return (2:13). Never render as ‘l’Épiphanie de la grâce’ or similar. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: notre grand Dieu et Sauveur, Jésus-Christ
Transliteration: ho megas theos kai sōtēr hēmōn Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: notre grand Dieu, et notre Sauveur Jésus-Christ (forbidden — a distancing comma/repeated possessive risks a two-referent reading, as in Segond 1910’s syntax and the Traduction du Monde Nouveau’s non-Trinitarian rendering)
Original: ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
Titus 2:13. Single Greek article governing both titles, identifying Jesus Christ himself as ‘great God and Savior’ — one of the clearest direct affirmations of Christ’s deity in the Pauline corpus. Must be rendered as one unbroken comma-appositive title with no repeated preposition. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence across all Phase 2 documents.
Not By Works Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: non à cause des œuvres de justice que nous aurions accomplies
Transliteration: ouk ex ergōn tōn en dikaiosynē ha epoiēsamen hēmeis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: justice méritée framing of any kind (forbidden per baseline’s imputed_righteousness precedent)
Original: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:5. Titus’s most direct restatement of the Romans forensic-justification argument (cf. Romans 3:20-28, 4:4-5); the negation must remain unambiguous against any Tridentine infused-merit reading. Mandatory theologian review.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: régénération
Transliteration: paliggenesia
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: renaissance (forbidden — in secular French suggests self-directed personal reinvention, a popular-psychology register entirely foreign to the monergistic, Spirit-wrought sense)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:5. A complete radical re-origination of life, a monergistic Spirit-wrought new beginning. Direct structural parallel to the baseline’s ‘justification’ Critical entry — the same Trent-vs-Reformation flashpoint recurs specifically over baptismal regeneration versus the Spirit’s sovereign inward work. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Factious Person
Approved rendering: une personne qui provoque des divisions
Transliteration: hairetikos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: hérétique (forbidden — carries the heavy historical/ecclesiastical freight of Inquisition-era formal doctrinal-heresy condemnation, anachronistic and foreign to Paul’s limited pastoral concern about a quarrelsome, faction-forming individual)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 3:10. One who provokes division/faction within the church, to be avoided after repeated warning — a pastoral-discipline instruction, not a formal doctrinal-heresy procedure. Never render with ‘hérétique’; mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: grâce
Transliteration: grâce
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: faveur, mérite
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Shared, stable term across Catholic and Protestant French Bibles (Segond, TOB, Bible de Jérusalem). Low risk lexically; High doctrinal risk because Catholic sacramental-grace framing vs. Reformed sola gratia differ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 2:11; 3:7, 3:15. Titus additionally personifies grace as an active pedagogical agent that trains believers for godly living (2:12) — this pedagogical nuance is carried by the new entry ‘trains_disciplines’, not by any change to this entry.
Election
Approved rendering: élection
Transliteration: élection
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: chance, destin
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
HIGH RISK, distinctly French: ‘élection’ is the everyday word for political/democratic elections. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:1 (‘God’s elect’). France’s historical Jansenist grace-and-predestination controversy adds a second layer of intra-Catholic sensitivity relevant to this Titus occurrence.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justice
Transliteration: justice (de Dieu)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: vertu, droiture
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Must be read as God’s saving, gift-status righteousness, not human moral virtue. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 2:12 (as an ethical adverb, δικαίως) and 3:5 (in the direct negation ‘not by works of righteousness’).
Law
Approved rendering: loi
Transliteration: loi (la Loi)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Capitalize as ‘la Loi’ for Torah/Mosaic law. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 3:9 (‘disputes about the Law’), where the referent remains narrowly Mosaic.
Godliness
Approved rendering: piété
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Piety
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
Titus 1:1; 2:12. French ‘piété’ strongly evokes Catholic devotional exercises (novenas, images pieuses, piété populaire) rather than Paul’s holistic, whole-of-life God-orientation. Requires a clarifying gloss (‘une vie tout entière tournée vers Dieu’) on first occurrence per lesson.
Elder
Approved rendering: ancien
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:5. French Reformed churches use ‘ancien’ as a formal office (conseil des anciens); Catholic readers have no equivalent lay-elder category. Must be kept lexically distinct from ‘âgé’ (mere age, 2:2-3); clarifying gloss recommended on first occurrence per lesson.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: la saine doctrine
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:9, 1:13; 2:1, 2:8. Must render identically at every occurrence; ‘sain’ must retain its metaphorical medical-health force, not be flattened to a bland synonym for ‘correct.‘
Older Man Older Woman
Approved rendering: homme âgé / femme âgée
Transliteration: presbytēs / presbytis
Doctrine: Self-Control as the Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: ancien / ancienne (rejected — would wrongly conflate general seniority with the recognized eldership office of 1:5)
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:2-3. An age-category, not the recognized eldership office; shares a Greek root with πρεσβύτερος but must be kept visually and lexically distinct from ‘ancien’ throughout the whole book.
Self Control
Approved rendering: maîtrise de soi / sage(s) / modéré(s)
Transliteration: sōphrosynē, sōphrōn, sōphronizō
Doctrine: Self-Control as the Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: sobriété / sobre (rejected — primary contemporary French sense is alcohol abstinence, which would flatten this structurally repeated, comprehensive virtue)
Original: σωφροσύνη, σώφρων, σωφρονίζω
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:2, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6; 2:12. The letter’s most-repeated character term; render consistently across all five occurrences per baseline’s theological-consistency principle.
Slanderous
Approved rendering: calomniatrices
Transliteration: diabolos (adjectival)
Doctrine: Household and Social Relationships
Rejected alternatives: diabolique (forbidden — false cognate unambiguously evoking satanic/demonic character)
Original: διάβολος (adjectival)
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:3. Describes an ordinary speech-vice (malicious gossip), not demonic possession; never render with any form of ‘diabolique.‘
Submit Submission
Approved rendering: se soumettre
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
Titus 2:5; 2:9; 3:1. Contemporary secular French public discourse (post-2015 Houellebecq ‘Soumission’ cultural resonance; gender-authoritarianism debates) carries strong negative associations; must always be framed explicitly as voluntary Christian submission to legitimate order, never presented unglossed. Recommend dual native-speaker and theologian review at every occurrence.
Master
Approved rendering: maître
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: despote (forbidden — false cognate meaning ‘tyrant/dictator’ in modern French, the near-opposite of the neutral-to-respectful Koine sense)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority
Titus 2:9. A household master with authority over slaves, neutral-to-respectful in Koine Greek; never render as ‘despote.‘
Savior
Approved rendering: Sauveur
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
Titus 1:3-4; 2:10, 2:13; 3:4, 3:6. New entry filling a gap in the Romans baseline; applied interchangeably to God the Father and to Jesus Christ, reinforcing Christ’s deity. Requires consistent capitalization and title-form across all six occurrences.
Gave Himself
Approved rendering: s’est donné lui-même pour nous
Transliteration: edōken heauton hyper hēmōn
Doctrine: Atonement and Redemption
Original: ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
Titus 2:14. Christ’s voluntary, substitutionary self-offering; flag per baseline’s atonement-language escalation rule whenever this phrase or its doctrine recurs.
Redeem
Approved rendering: racheter / rédemption
Transliteration: lytroō
Doctrine: Atonement and Redemption
Rejected alternatives: racheter ses fautes (rejected — French colloquial idiom for compensating for one’s own mistakes through effort, the exact opposite of Paul’s point that redemption is Christ’s costly act, not the believer’s compensatory effort)
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
Titus 2:14. To release by payment of a price; Christ’s costly deliverance of believers from lawlessness’s bondage.
People For His Own Possession
Approved rendering: un peuple qui lui appartienne en propre
Transliteration: laos periousios
Doctrine: Church as God’s Treasured People
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Church
Titus 2:14. Echoes the LXX of Exodus 19:5 (Israel as God’s περιούσιος λαός); requires an explanatory footnote linking to Exodus 19:5, since French readers with low OT literacy will not recover the covenant echo unaided.
Good Works
Approved rendering: bonnes œuvres
Transliteration: kala erga
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ ἔργα
Category: Church
Titus 1:16; 2:7, 2:14; 3:1, 3:8, 3:14. French ‘œuvres’ carries the full historical weight of the Reformation-era merit/indulgence controversy; every occurrence must be checked against its immediate context to confirm the fruit-not-basis relationship, and flagged for theologian review wherever it stands near grace/salvation-by-faith language (2:11-14; 3:4-8), per baseline’s grace-merit escalation rule extended to this curriculum.
Love For Mankind
Approved rendering: amour pour les hommes
Transliteration: philanthrōpia
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Rejected alternatives: philanthropie (forbidden — direct cognate in modern French denotes secular charitable giving, foundations, humanitarian donation, stripping the term of its divine, saving source)
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:4. God’s benevolent love directed at humanity as such, the ground of salvation.
Washing
Approved rendering: le bain / le lavage
Transliteration: loutron
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: baptême (rejected as the primary rendering — Segond 1910/NEG79’s interpretive choice pre-resolves the Trent-vs-Reformation sacramental question the base Greek text does not itself require)
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:5. The concrete image of a washing through which regeneration is described. Touches the same sacramental-vs-non-sacramental fault line as the baseline’s justification/grace entries. Render literally; let doctrinal teaching material, not the translation, carry the interpretive weight. Mandatory theologian review.
Renewal
Approved rendering: renouvellement
Transliteration: anakainōsis
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:5. The Spirit’s ongoing, continuing renewing work, distinct from the once-for-all regeneration. Must be rendered identically to any future treatment of Romans 12:2 (‘renewal of the mind’) for cross-document consistency.
Heir
Approved rendering: héritiers
Transliteration: klēronomos
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:7. One who inherits with full legal right, not a partial or provisional benefit; must align with the baseline’s ‘adoption filiale’ framing of full-inheritance-rights, not a lesser or provisional status.
Devote To Good Works
Approved rendering: s’appliquer à / se consacrer aux bonnes œuvres
Transliteration: kalōn ergōn proistasthai
Doctrine: Public Witness Through Good Works
Rejected alternatives: diriger les bonnes œuvres (rejected — a false lead from προΐστημι’s other NT sense, ‘to lead/manage,’ cf. 1 Timothy 3:4-5; the sense here is diligent practice, not leadership)
Original: καλῶν ἔργων προΐστασθαι
Category: Church
Titus 3:8, 3:14. To occupy oneself diligently with good works as the fruit, not basis, of salvation.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: des spéculations insensées
Transliteration: mōrai zētēseis
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 3:9. Speculative, unprofitable disputes, the direct antithesis of sound doctrine. Part of a recurring cluster (1:10 empty talkers; 1:14 myths; 3:10 factious person) that should be cross-referenced together in teaching material.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: foi
Transliteration: foi
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: croyance, religion
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Must specify personal trust in Christ, not adherence to a religious system. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:1, 1:4, 1:13; 2:2, 2:10; 3:15.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salut
Transliteration: salut
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: délivrance
Original: σωτηρία / ἔσωσεν
Category: Salvation
Stable shared term. Ground salvation explicitly in Christ’s work and God’s mercy, not institutional membership. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 2:11; 3:5.
Sin
Approved rendering: péché
Transliteration: péché
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Guard against colloquial trivialization (‘péché mignon’). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 3:11 (of the self-condemned factious person).
God
Approved rendering: Dieu
Transliteration: Dieu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Secularization risk: casual interjection use, or an abstract deist reading in academic French. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly throughout Titus, and load-bearing at 2:13 where Jesus Christ is Himself called ‘great God.‘
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Esprit Saint
Transliteration: Esprit Saint
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 3:5, the agent of regeneration and renewal.
Father
Approved rendering: Père
Transliteration: Père
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:4 (salutation).
Glory
Approved rendering: gloire
Transliteration: gloire
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 2:13, the glory attending Christ’s future appearing.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: serviteur (de Dieu)
Transliteration: doulos theou
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Truth
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
Titus 1:1. Positive ownership-identity for Paul; French ‘serviteur’ must remain visibly related to, yet distinct from, the negative δουλεύω (‘esclaves de convoitises’) of 3:3, preserving the letter’s slavery-to-sin vs. belonging-to-God contrast.
Knowledge Of The Truth
Approved rendering: la connaissance de la vérité
Transliteration: epignōsis alētheias
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Truth
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
Titus 1:1. Avoid a detached, academic/historical-critical reading of ‘connaissance’ common in French secular-academic culture; this is personally appropriated, saving truth.
Steward
Approved rendering: intendant
Transliteration: oikonomos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:7. Metaphorical use of the elder/overseer’s household-management responsibility; ‘intendant’ carries no competing ecclesiastical claim in French.
Blameless
Approved rendering: irréprochable
Transliteration: anegklētos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:6, 1:7. Reputational/behavioral standard (no valid accusation currently standing), not sinless perfection.
Elder Virtues
Approved rendering: hospitalier, ami du bien, maître de lui-même, juste, saint, discipliné
Transliteration: philoxenos, philagathos, sōphrōn, dikaios, hosios, egkratēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλόξενος, φιλάγαθος, σώφρων, δίκαιος, ὅσιος, ἐγκρατής
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:8, grouped list. σώφρων recurs as the letter’s major chapter-2 character theme and must align with the ‘self_control’ entry’s rendering; ὅσιος is distinct from ἅγιος and should not be collapsed into the baseline ‘saint’ concept without note.
Teaching Doctrine
Approved rendering: doctrine / enseignement
Transliteration: didachē, didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: διδαχή, διδασκαλία
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:9; 2:10. Cross-reference the ‘sound_doctrine’ master entry for consistency; prefer ‘enseignement’ in exhortatory contexts.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: rebelle / insoumis
Transliteration: anypotaktos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:6, 1:10. Deliberate wordplay-contrast with ὑποτάσσω (‘se soumettre’) elsewhere in the letter; French rendering should stay related but not identical so the contrast is preserved.
False Teacher Description
Approved rendering: discoureurs vains / trompeurs
Transliteration: mataiologos, phrenapatēs
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ματαιολόγος, φρεναπάτης
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 1:10. Standard descriptive vocabulary; low ambiguity risk in French.
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: circoncision
Transliteration: peritomē
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: περιτομή
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 1:10. New entry absent from the Romans baseline; context must keep the referent historical/factional, not a generic reference to Jewish people.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: fables / mythes juifs
Transliteration: Ioudaikoi mythoi
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 1:14. Extrabiblical legendary material distracting from sound doctrine; frame explicitly as historical/factional, not a comment on Judaism as such.
Conscience
Approved rendering: conscience
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Conscience and Integrity
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
Titus 1:15. French secular usage of ‘conscience’ as broad, subjective moral self-awareness risks obscuring the specifically God-oriented dimension Paul intends.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: incapables / disqualifiés
Transliteration: adokimos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:16. Unfitness for good works despite professing to know God; does not imply final reprobation.
Endurance
Approved rendering: persévérance / endurance
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Self-Control as the Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: patience (rejected as too passive-sounding in French)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:2. Active steadfastness under trial, an older man’s virtue; distinguish from mere passive waiting.
Reverent Behavior
Approved rendering: digne / respectable
Transliteration: hieroprepēs
Doctrine: Household and Social Relationships
Rejected alternatives: sacerdotal (rejected — would import a clerical/priestly connotation absent from the lay context)
Original: ἱεροπρεπής
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:3. Behavior befitting sacred devotion, applied to ordinary older women’s conduct, not a clerical office.
Enslaved To Wine
Approved rendering: esclave du vin
Transliteration: oinō pollō dedoulōmenē
Doctrine: Household and Social Relationships
Original: οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένη
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:3. Cross-reference the δουλεύω/δοῦλος family (1:1; 3:3) for the letter’s recurring slavery-to-sin vs. belonging-to-God contrast.
Domestically Engaged
Approved rendering: occupée aux travaux du foyer
Transliteration: oikourgos
Doctrine: Household and Social Relationships
Original: οἰκουργός
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:5. Contemporary French readers may hear a universal, restrictive prescription about women’s roles; must be contextualized within the household-code genre and its purpose clause (‘so that the word of God may not be reviled,’ 2:5b).
Integrity
Approved rendering: intégrité
Transliteration: aphthoria
Doctrine: Conscience and Integrity
Original: ἀφθορία
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 2:7. Minor risk that ‘intégrité’ is heard only in its secular-ethics sense rather than doctrinal incorruptibility of teaching and conduct.
Slave Conduct Terms
Approved rendering: plaire en tout, ne pas contredire, ne pas détourner, montrer une entière fidélité
Transliteration: euarestos, antilegō, nosphizomai, pistin endeiknymenos
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: εὐάρεστος, ἀντιλέγω, νοσφίζομαι, πίστιν ἐνδεικνύμενος
Category: Authority
Titus 2:9-10, grouped list. Standard household-code vocabulary; must be read alongside the letter’s submission-to-authority framing, not as an endorsement of the institution of slavery itself.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: impiété
Transliteration: asebeia
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:12. Paired antonym of εὐσέβεια/piété; must not be flattened to mere ‘irreligion,’ which is culturally normalized and unremarkable in secularizing France.
Worldly Desires
Approved rendering: les désirs de ce monde
Transliteration: kosmikai epithymiai
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: désirs mondains (rejected — French idiom connotes fashionable high society, ‘la vie mondaine,’ rather than spiritual rebellion against God)
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sanctification
Titus 2:12. Desires shaped by a God-excluding value system.
Present Age
Approved rendering: le temps présent / ce siècle présent
Transliteration: nyn aiōn
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope
Original: νῦν αἰών
Category: Eschatology
Titus 2:12. Ensure ‘siècle’ is understood in its biblical sense (age/era), not merely ‘century.‘
Blessed Hope
Approved rendering: l’espérance bénie
Transliteration: makaria elpis
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope
Rejected alternatives: espoir (rejected — denotes a weaker, uncertain wish rather than the certainty Paul intends)
Original: μακαρία ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
Titus 2:13. A hope characterized by divine blessing — certain, joy-filled expectation of Christ’s return.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: iniquité
Transliteration: anomia
Doctrine: Atonement and Redemption
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
Titus 2:14. Keep distinct from ‘péché’ (baseline ‘sin’) and ‘loi’ (baseline ‘law’) to preserve Paul’s specific vocabulary choice — active rebellion against God’s order, the specific bondage from which believers are redeemed.
Cleanse Purify
Approved rendering: purifier
Transliteration: katharizō
Doctrine: Atonement and Redemption
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Salvation
Titus 2:14. Must remain tied to Christ’s finished redemptive act, not drift toward an ongoing ritual/sacramental cleansing requiring repetition.
Speak Exhort Reprove
Approved rendering: annonce, exhorte, reprends
Transliteration: laleō, parakaleō, elegchō
Doctrine: Sound Speech and Pastoral Ministry
Original: λαλέω, παρακαλέω, ἐλέγχω
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 2:15. A three-verb ministry triad — declare, encourage, correct; ‘exhorte’ reuses the baseline ‘exhorter’ entry exactly. ‘Reprends’ must retain its corrective force, not be softened toward mere encouragement.
Authority Command
Approved rendering: autorité
Transliteration: epitagē
Doctrine: Sound Speech and Pastoral Ministry
Original: ἐπιταγή
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:3; 2:15. An authoritative injunction; Titus’s teaching carries delegated apostolic authority, not mere personal opinion.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: autorités et pouvoirs
Transliteration: archai exousiai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Authority
Titus 3:1. New entry for this curriculum despite Romans 13:1 sharing the concept; recommend consistent cross-reference to Romans 13 in teaching material.
Obey
Approved rendering: obéir
Transliteration: peitharcheō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Authority
Titus 3:1. Compliance with rightful authority; standard vocabulary.
Gentleness Reasonableness
Approved rendering: douceur, conciliant / bienveillant
Transliteration: prautēs, epieikeis
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πραΰτης, ἐπιεικής
Category: Authority
Titus 3:2. Avoid a French rendering suggesting mere weakness/passivity; the term denotes strength exercised with restraint. Pair ‘douceur’ with ‘bienveillant’ rather than ‘conciliant’ alone where emphasis on strength-under-restraint is needed.
Disobedient
Approved rendering: désobéissants
Transliteration: apeithēs
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἀπειθής
Category: Sanctification
Titus 3:3. Deliberate contrast with the baseline’s ‘obéissance de la foi’ (obedience of faith); describes believers’ pre-conversion state, the state that grace and regeneration reverse.
Enslaved To Desires
Approved rendering: esclaves de convoitises et de plaisirs variés
Transliteration: douleuontes epithymiais kai hēdonais
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς
Category: Sanctification
Titus 3:3. Deliberately contrasts with Paul’s positive self-description as δοῦλος θεοῦ (1:1); French rendering should stay related but not identical, preserving the letter’s slavery/service contrast.
Kindness
Approved rendering: bonté
Transliteration: chrēstotēs
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: χρηστότης
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:4. God’s kindness, appearing together with his love for mankind as the ground of salvation; must remain tied to God’s saving disposition, not a generic human virtue.
Mercy
Approved rendering: miséricorde
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:5. Compassion shown to those in need, withholding of deserved judgment; paired with grace as the ground of salvation. ‘Miséricorde’ is a stable shared Catholic-Protestant term but carries additional devotional resonance in French Catholic piety (e.g. the Divine Mercy devotion) — an awareness flag for native-speaker review, not a corruption of the biblical sense.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: répandre
Transliteration: ekcheō
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐκχέω
Category: Salvation
Titus 3:6. To pour out abundantly; the Spirit’s regenerating/renewing work is lavishly given, not measured. Recommend cross-reference consistency with any future treatment of Romans 5:5’s ‘love poured out.‘
Faithful Is The Saying
Approved rendering: Cette parole est certaine
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Sound Speech and Pastoral Ministry
Rejected alternatives: fidèle est la parole (rejected as an un-idiomatic literal calque)
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 3:8. A fixed formula recurring across the Pastoral Epistles (1 Timothy 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Timothy 2:11; Titus 3:8); render identically at every Pastoral-Epistle occurrence within this curriculum.
Strife
Approved rendering: querelles / disputes
Transliteration: eris
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἔρις
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 3:9. Quarrelsome conflict to be avoided; standard vocabulary.
Fights About The Law
Approved rendering: disputes au sujet de la Loi
Transliteration: machai nomikai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 3:9. Disputes about the Mosaic Law to be avoided; reuses the baseline ‘Loi’ capitalization convention for the Mosaic referent.
Proclamation Preaching
Approved rendering: prédication / proclamation
Transliteration: kērygma
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Truth
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Gospel
Titus 1:3. Authoritative gospel proclamation entrusted to Paul; the noun ‘gospel’ (εὐαγγέλιον, baseline ‘Évangile’) does not itself occur in Titus, but κήρυγμα carries closely related functional weight and should be understood as gospel-proclamation.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apôtre
Transliteration: apôtre
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Stable, shared term across all French Bible traditions. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:1.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jésus
Transliteration: Jésus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Stable across all French traditions. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly throughout Titus, most notably within the ‘great_god_and_savior’ title at 2:13.
Peace
Approved rendering: paix
Transliteration: paix
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:4 (salutation).
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhorter
Transliteration: exhorter
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:9; 2:15, as one member of the ‘speak_exhort_reprove’ ministry triad.
Prophet
Approved rendering: prophète
Transliteration: prophète
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: voyant
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Titus at 1:12, though the referent there (the Cretan poet Epimenides, cited loosely as ‘one of their own prophets’) is a culturally distinct usage requiring a teaching note distinguishing it from the covenant prophetic office.
Elder Vices
Approved rendering: arrogant, coléreux, adonné au vin, violent, âpre au gain
Transliteration: authadēs, orgilos, painos, plēktēs, aischrokerdēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: αὐθάδης, ὀργίλος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 1:7, grouped list. Standard vice-list vocabulary with minimal doctrinal ambiguity in French.
Cretan Proverb
Approved rendering: « Les Crétois sont toujours menteurs »
Transliteration: Krētes aei pseustai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 1:12. A cited proverb from the Cretan poet Epimenides, not Paul’s own ethnic judgment; teaching note recommended to preempt a culturally insensitive reading.
Teacher Of Good
Approved rendering: enseignant ce qui est bien
Transliteration: kalodidaskalos
Doctrine: Household and Social Relationships
Original: καλοδιδάσκαλος
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:3. Standard descriptive vocabulary; low ambiguity.
Loving Husbands Children
Approved rendering: aimant leur mari, aimant leurs enfants
Transliteration: philandros, philoteknos
Doctrine: Household and Social Relationships
Original: φίλανδρος, φιλότεκνος
Category: Household Ethics
Titus 2:4. Standard descriptive vocabulary; low ambiguity.
Example
Approved rendering: modèle / exemple
Transliteration: typos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: τύπος
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 2:7. A pattern or model of conduct, of Titus himself; standard vocabulary.
Adorn Doctrine
Approved rendering: faire honneur à / orner
Transliteration: kosmeō
Doctrine: Public Witness Through Good Works
Original: κοσμέω
Category: Church Leadership
Titus 2:10. Connects sound doctrine to observable good conduct that makes doctrine attractive/credible to outside observers.
Profitable
Approved rendering: utiles
Transliteration: ōphelimos
Doctrine: Public Witness Through Good Works
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Church
Titus 3:8. Beneficial, useful; describes sound teaching and good works. Standard vocabulary.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: généalogies
Transliteration: genealogia
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 3:9. Speculative genealogical disputes to be avoided; standard vocabulary.
Self Condemned
Approved rendering: se condamne lui-même
Transliteration: autokatakritos
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Divisive Controversies
Titus 3:11. Self-condemned by persistent factiousness after warning; standard vocabulary.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: stérile / sans fruit
Transliteration: akarpos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Church
Titus 3:14. Without fruit; describes the opposite of a life devoted to good works. Standard vocabulary.
Referenced passages