Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians (English–Marathi)
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. Section A lists baseline terms reused exactly as recorded, with their 1 Thessalonians occurrences noted. Section B lists new terms introduced by 1 Thessalonians, proposed for addition to the extended translation memory, with full risk grounding. All destination-language forms are in Devanagari script per house style.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no change)
| English term | Marathi (reused) | Risk (baseline) | 1 Thessalonians occurrences | Note on reuse |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | शुभवर्तमान | High | 1:5; 2:2, 4, 8, 9 | Same authoritative, singular proclamation sense |
| grace | कृपा | Critical | 1:1; 5:28 | Salutation/benediction framing; unmerited favor |
| faith | विश्वास | High | 1:3, 8; 3:2, 5-7, 10; 5:8 | Personal trust in Christ, “work of faith” (1:3) |
| called / calling | बोलावलेले / पाचारण | High | 2:12; 4:7; 5:24 | God’s initiating summons to holiness |
| holy | पवित्र | High | throughout | Set-apart, morally pure |
| saints | पवित्र जन | High | 3:13 | Corporate designation at the parousia |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | 4:3, 4, 7; 5:23 | Central doctrine of this curriculum |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 4:14, 16 | Never पुनर्जन्म / पुनर्भव |
| lord | प्रभू | Critical | throughout | Exclusive, reigning Lordship |
| peace | शांती | Medium | 1:1; 5:3, 13, 23 | Relational peace with God |
| thanksgiving | उपकारस्तुती | Low | 1:2; 5:18 | Standard usage |
| church | मंडळी | Medium | 1:1; 2:14 | Congregation, not building |
| kingdom_of_god | देवाचे राज्य | Medium | 2:12 | God’s sovereign reign |
| sin | पाप | High | 2:16 | Moral transgression before God |
| gentiles | अन्यजातीय | Medium | 2:16; 4:5 | Non-Jewish peoples |
| glory | गौरव | High | 2:6, 12, 20 | God’s radiant honor |
| power_of_god (power) | सामर्थ्य | High | 1:5 | Never शक्ती |
| election | देवाची निवड | High | 1:4 | Sovereign, personal choice; never fate/karma |
| god | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout | Never देव/भगवान alone |
| holy_spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1:5, 6; 4:8; 5:19 | Never परमात्मा/ब्रह्म |
| father | पिता | Critical | 1:1, 3; 3:11, 13 | Personal, relational |
| exhort | उत्तेजन देणे | Low | 2:12; 3:2; 4:1, 10, 18; 5:11, 14 | Context-sensitive per baseline |
| jesus | येशू | Critical | throughout | Never ईसा |
| apostle | प्रेषित | Medium | 2:6 | Delegated, sent authority |
| mutual_edification | परस्पर उन्नती | Low | 5:11 | Building one another up |
| christ (proper name) | ख्रिस्त | Critical | throughout | Per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standard |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 1 Thessalonians (Proposed Additions)
| English term | Marathi | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Primary passages | Alternatives rejected | Grounded reasoning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parousia / the Return of Christ | आगमन (doctrine name: ख्रिस्ताचे पुनरागमन) | āgaman | Critical | Return of Christ | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23 | अवतार (avatar-descent), पुनर्जन्म-adjacent cyclical framing | Must be a singular, unrepeatable, bodily, personal second coming of the same incarnate Son — never a fresh avatar-descent (Vitthal/Krishna pattern) nor one event within a repeating cosmic cycle (yuga) or beginningless causal round (pratityasamutpada). |
| Caught up (rapture) | उचलले जाऊ / वर घेतले जाऊ | uchalale jāū | Critical | Resurrection of Believers / Return of Christ | 4:17 | स्वयं-उन्नयन (self-elevation, meditative-ascent framing) | Sudden, sovereign, God-initiated, bodily action done to believers, not a self-attained spiritual ascent through meditation or yogic practice; must remain passive-voice in force. |
| Asleep (death euphemism) | झोपी गेलेले / निजलेले | zopī gelele | High | Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers | 4:13, 14, 15 | पुनर्जन्म-implying phrasing, soul-transmigration language | Hope-filled euphemism implying a future bodily waking (resurrection), not the soul’s onward transmigration (Hindu) nor a claim about consciousness’s cessation; must always appear with sufficient resurrection context. |
| Grief / sorrow | दुःख | duḥkha | Critical | Hope in Grief | 4:13 | (no substitute rejected; risk is in unqualified use) | दुःख is the precise Marathi/Pali/Sanskrit term for Buddhist dukkha, the First Noble Truth. Unqualified use risks the verse being read as endorsing (or as flatly denying) the Buddhist diagnosis of existence-as-suffering. Must be bounded, e.g. आशाहीन दुःख (“hopeless grief”), making clear Paul restricts hopeless grief, not grief itself. |
| Hope | आशा | āśā | High | Hope in Grief | 4:13; 5:8 | (qualify, do not replace) | आशा is the ordinary Marathi word for any wish/expectation and reads as uncertain on its own; must be qualified (e.g., पुनरुत्थानाची निश्चित आशा, “the certain hope of the resurrection”) to convey NT confident-certainty rather than wishful desire, and to distinguish from bhakti trust-in-a-chosen-deity and from Buddhist counsel against clinging to hope/desire. |
| Day of the Lord | प्रभूचा दिवस | Prabhūcā divas | High | Day of the Lord | 5:2 | cyclical “age/era” framing | Names a single, linear, unrepeatable historical event of divine judgment and vindication — not a recurring dissolution/re-creation within a Hindu yuga-cycle, nor an impersonal causal chain without a personal Judge. |
| Wrath (of God) | क्रोध (देवाचा क्रोध) | krodh | High | Day of the Lord / Sanctification | 1:10; 2:16; 5:9 | कर्माचा परिणाम (karmic consequence)-style framing | Personal, moral, judicial anger of a personal God against sin; must not be explained in terms that echo an impersonal karmic ledger (cf. baseline caution on “providence” and “election”). |
| Holiness (state/quality) | पवित्रता | pavitratā | Medium | Sanctification | 3:13; 5:23 (ὁλοτελεῖς, संपूर्णपणे) | — | Distinguished from पवित्रीकरण (the ongoing process, TM-established); ἁγιωσύνη denotes the resulting settled state to be found in “at the parousia” (3:13). |
| Sexual immorality | व्यभिचार | vyabhicār | High | Sanctification | 4:3 | caste/ritual-purity-inflected alternatives | Must read as a moral-relational sin against God and neighbor, not a social-respectability or caste-purity violation. |
| Idol(s) | मूर्ती (मूर्तिपूजा = idol worship) | mūrtī | Critical | (Conversion / exclusivity of worship, underlying Sanctification and Hope doctrines) | 1:9 | — (no safe substitute; risk is in the collision itself) | मूर्ती names the devotional images central to Warkari worship (Vitthal at Pandharpur) and household worship broadly. The verse’s exclusivity claim (“turned from idols to the living God”) must be taught with full seriousness and without gratuitous insult to readers’ family devotional history. |
| Satan | सैतान | Saitān | Medium-High | (Spiritual conflict, underlying Sanctification and Day of the Lord) | 2:18; 3:5 | असुर/राक्षस (Hindu demon-class figures), मार/Mara (Buddhist tempter-figure) | Names a specific, personal, defeated-but-active spiritual adversary of the one true God, not a mythological demon-class figure within a wider pantheon nor a non-theistic personification of craving. |
| Love (agapē) | प्रीती | prītī | High | (Sanctification; undergirds Hope in Grief’s relational content) | 3:12; 5:8 | प्रेम used unqualified in a bhakti-emotion sense | Must convey committed, willed, self-giving, others-oriented love flowing from God’s character, distinguished from (though not hostile to) the devotional love-longing (prema-bhakti) directed at a chosen personal deity such as Vitthal. |
| Brotherly love | बंधुप्रीती | bandhuprītī | Medium | Sanctification | 4:9 | — | Love within the new-covenant family (मंडळी), not confined to biological kin or caste/community solidarity. |
| Affliction / tribulation | संकट | saṅkaṭ | Medium | Hope in Grief | 1:6; 2:14; 3:3-4, 7 | — | External suffering/persecution faced with joy through hope; keep consistent across all occurrences. |
| Persecution | छळ | chaḷ | Medium | Hope in Grief | 2:14 | — | Concrete hostile action against believers for their faith. |
| Trumpet of God | देवाची तुतारी | devācī tutārī | Medium | Return of Christ / Day of the Lord | 4:16 | — | Linked to OT Day-of-the-Lord trumpet imagery (Joel 2:1); not a decorative sound effect. |
| Archangel | महादूत / मुख्य देवदूत | mahādūt | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | A specific angelic office announcing Christ’s descent; no equivalent office exists in Hindu tradition, lowering collision risk. |
| Angel | देवदूत | devadūt | Low | Return of Christ | 4:16 | — | Established Marathi Christian usage. |
| Clouds (theophany) | ढग | ḍhag | Low-Medium | Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Biblical theophany-glory motif, not mere weather detail. |
| Air | हवा / अंतराळ | havā | Low | Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Ordinary atmospheric term. |
| Meeting (the Lord) | भेट (प्रभूला भेटण्यासाठी) | bheṭ | Medium | Return of Christ | 4:17 | — | Royal-welcome background (delegation goes out to receive an arriving dignitary); purpose is permanent reunion, not mere escort. |
| Dead in Christ (phrase) | ख्रिस्तात मृत झालेले [विश्वासणारे] | Khristāt mṛt jhālele | Critical | Resurrection of Believers / Hope in Grief | 4:16 | generic “the dead” (losing “in Christ”) | Union with Christ persists through death; must not be smoothed into a generic reference to deceased persons. |
| Crown (of rejoicing) | मुकुट (अभिमानाचा मुकुट) | mukuṭ | Low-Medium | Return of Christ | 2:19 | — | Future reward imagery tied to the parousia; must not imply merit-earned status contradicting grace. |
| Holy kiss | पवित्र चुंबन | pavitra cumban | Low-Medium | (Christian Fellowship, per baseline) | 5:26 | — | First-century greeting custom without a natural Marathi equivalent; retain with cultural note rather than substituting an unrelated local greeting gesture. |
| Human spirit / soul / body (triad) | आत्मा (मानवी आत्मा) / जीव / शरीर | ātmā / jīv / śarīr | High | Sanctification / Assurance | 5:23 | — | आत्मा collides with the already-fixed पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit); requires disambiguating modifier for the human spirit sense. Teach as God’s comprehensive claim over the whole person, not as requiring a settled trichotomist or ātman-style metaphysics of the soul to be meaningful (cf. baseline’s parallel caution on adoption and assurance under Buddhist anatta teaching). |
Chapter Coverage Confirmation
| Chapter | New load-bearing terms introduced | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκκλησία, χάρις, εἰρήνη (reused); μιμηταί, θλῖψις, χαρά, τύπος, εἴδωλα, θεῷ ζῶντι καὶ ἀληθινῷ, ὀργή, ῥύομαι, ἐκλογή, δύναμις, πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Reviewed — new terms catalogued above |
| 2 | παράκλησις, πλάνη, ἀκαθαρσία, δόλος, δοκιμάζω, δόξα (reused), λόγος θεοῦ, διωγμός, ὀργή (recurs), Σατανᾶς, στέφανος, παρουσία | Reviewed — new terms catalogued above |
| 3 | θλῖψις (recurs), πειράζων, ἀγάπη, ἁγιωσύνη, παρουσία (recurs), πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι αὐτοῦ (reused) | Reviewed — new terms catalogued above |
| 4 | (vv.1-12) ἁγιασμός (reused), πορνεία, σκεῦος, πάθος ἐπιθυμίας, ἀκαθαρσία (recurs), φιλαδελφία, θεοδίδακτοι; (vv.13-18, core passage) παρουσία, ἁρπάζω, κοιμάομαι, νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ, σάλπιγξ θεοῦ, ἀρχάγγελος, νεφέλη, ἀήρ, ἀπάντησις | Reviewed — core passage fully treated in 07; remainder catalogued above |
| 5 | ἡμέρα κυρίου, ὄλεθρος, υἱοὶ φωτός, νήφω, θώραξ/περικεφαλαία (armor terms), ὀργή/σωτηρία antithesis (reused terms), πνεῦμα/ψυχή/σῶμα triad, φίλημα ἅγιον | Reviewed — new terms catalogued above |
No chapter in 1 Thessalonians is without load-bearing theological content; all five chapters are represented above with either newly catalogued terms or explicit reuse of baseline terms.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs in the epistolary greeting (1:1) and benediction (5:28); unearned, Christ-specific favor, not Warkari devotional कृपा nor Buddhist self-cultivated merit.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs in verb form at 4:14, 16 (ἀνέστη/ἀναστήσονται); bodily, historical, once-for-all — never पुनर्जन्म (Hindu rebirth) or पुनर्भव (Buddhist arising of a new aggregate-configuration).
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Return of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout, especially the core passage (4:15-17, ‘the Lord himself,’ ‘to meet the Lord’) and the Day-of-the-Lord passage (5:2); exclusive, presently-reigning Lordship.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Exclusivity of Worship / Conversion from Idols
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout; directly contrasted with idols at 1:9 (‘the living and true God’). Never देव/भगवान alone.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation and Reception / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:5, 6; 4:8; 5:19 (‘do not quench the Spirit’ — a personal Spirit who can be grieved/quenched, unlike an impersonal life-force). Never परमात्मा/ब्रह्म. Note: the human ‘spirit’ at 5:23 requires a disambiguating modifier (see human_spirit_soul_body, Section 2) so it is not confused with this fixed title.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation and Reception
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1, 3; 3:11, 13.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Return of Christ / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout; never ईसा.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Return of Christ / Sonship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Not itself a keyed entry in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json but fixed by the baseline’s own 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standard (Christ = ख्रिस्त); added here as an explicit entry because 1 Thessalonians uses ‘Christ’ as part of Jesus’ proper name with very high frequency throughout. Distinguish from मसीहा (messiah), the OT-promised-deliverer title sense; both refer to the same person.
Parousia
Approved rendering: आगमन
Transliteration: āgaman
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, अवतरण, पुनर्जन्म-सदृश चक्रीय वर्णन
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
New term for this curriculum. Occurs 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23. Doctrine compound: ख्रिस्ताचे पुनरागमन. Must never be assimilated to अवतार-style repeated divine descent (Vitthal/Krishna pattern) nor to a cyclical yuga/dependent-origination time-framework; this is the singular, unrepeatable, final personal coming of the same incarnate Son who ascended. Always co-occur with प्रभू येशू ख्रिस्त at first mention per unit.
Caught Up
Approved rendering: उचलले जाऊ
Transliteration: ucalale jāū
Doctrine: Return of Christ / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: स्वयं-उन्नयन (self-elevation/meditative-ascent framing), स्वर्गारोहण (reserved for Christ’s own unique ascension)
Original: ἁρπάζω (ἁρπαγησόμεθα)
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 4:17 (ἁρπαγησόμεθα). Render उचलले जाऊ / वर घेतले जाऊ, keeping passive voice: God/Christ acts, believers receive. Must not suggest self-attained ascent through meditation, yogic practice, or an inward enlightenment experience, and must not imply a soul’s departure toward rebirth.
Grief
Approved rendering: दुःख
Transliteration: duḥkha
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: λύπη (λυπῆσθε)
Category: Hope in Grief
New term. Occurs 4:13 (λυπῆσθε). दुःख is the precise Marathi/Pali/Sanskrit term for Buddhist dukkha, the First Noble Truth; unqualified use risks the verse being read as endorsing or denying that entire framework. Must always be bounded in teaching material as आशाहीन दुःख (‘hopeless grief’) — Paul restricts hopeless grief, not grief itself. No safe unqualified substitute exists; the risk is in unqualified use, not in the word choice.
Idols
Approved rendering: मूर्ती
Transliteration: mūrtī
Doctrine: Exclusivity of Worship / Conversion from Idols
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Conversion and Worship
New term. Occurs 1:9 (εἴδωλα), also मूर्तिपूजा = idol worship. Names the devotional images central to Warkari worship (the Vitthal murti at Pandharpur) and household worship broadly. The exclusivity claim (‘turned from idols to serve the living and true God’) must be taught with full theological seriousness and without gratuitous insult to readers’ devotional heritage. No safe substitute exists; risk lies in application, not word choice.
Dead In Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्तात मृत झालेले
Transliteration: Khristāt mṛt jhālele
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers / Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: generic मृत झालेले alone (loses ‘in Christ’), स्वर्गवासी (relocates hope from bodily resurrection to disembodied afterlife)
Original: οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Resurrection of Believers
New term. Occurs 4:16 (οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ), Paul’s direct answer to the Thessalonians’ grief. Must retain ‘in Christ’ as a fixed unit — union with Christ persists even through death — never smoothed into a generic reference to the deceased.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation and Reception
Rejected alternatives: बातमी, खबर
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1 Thess 1:5; 2:2, 4, 8, 9 describing Paul’s apostolic proclamation at Thessalonica; a singular authoritative announcement, not one devotional good-news stream among Warkari bhakti or Navayana Buddhist proclamation.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs repeatedly (1:3, 8; 3:2, 5-7, 10; 5:8) as the Thessalonians’ ‘work of faith’; personal trust in Christ specifically, not generic bhakti devotion.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12; 4:7; 5:24 — God’s initiating summons to a life worthy of him and to holiness, not a self-chosen path.
Calling
Approved rendering: पाचारण
Transliteration: pācāraṇ
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: आवाहन
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies the calling language of 2:12 and 5:24; a sovereign summons, not human-initiated seeking or fate.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout (e.g. 3:13; 4:7-8; 5:23); moral and relational set-apartness, not ritual purity alone.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood / Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: संत, मुनी
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 3:13, ‘with all his saints’ at the parousia — a corporate body accompanying Christ’s return, never संत (the Warkari poet-saint category).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The letter’s explicit thesis (4:3-4, 7; 5:23): ‘this is the will of God, your sanctification.’ Distinct from the newly-introduced पवित्रता (resulting state, see Section 2).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Wrath and Judgment of God
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies 2:16’s description of opposition to the gospel ‘filling up their sins’; must not echo birth-karma sin framing.
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation and Reception
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:6, 12, 20; avoid light-only imagery merging with bodhi/enlightenment associations.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation and Reception
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:5, ‘our gospel came to you not only in word, but also in power.’ Never शक्ती (Shakti/mother-goddess tradition).
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Election and Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:4, ‘knowing… your election’; must never echo the karma-birth explanation of social station Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected.
Asleep Death Euphemism
Approved rendering: झोपी गेलेले
Transliteration: zopī gelele
Doctrine: Hope in Grief / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्गवासी (softens to disembodied ‘gone to heaven,’ losing bodily resurrection hope), पुनर्जन्म-सूचक वाक्यरचना
Original: κοιμάομαι (κοιμωμένων, κοιμηθέντας)
Category: Hope in Grief
New term. Occurs 4:13, 14, 15 (κοιμωμένων/κοιμηθέντας). Must always appear with sufficient resurrection context so it is read as a hope-filled euphemism pointing to पुनरुत्थान, never as an endorsement of soul transmigration or a claim of mere non-existence.
Hope
Approved rendering: आशा
Transliteration: āśā
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: ἐλπίς (ἐλπίδα)
Category: Hope in Grief
New term. Occurs 4:13; 5:8 (ἐλπίς). आशा is the ordinary Marathi word for any wish/expectation and reads as uncertain on its own; must be qualified in teaching material (e.g. पुनरुत्थानाची निश्चित आशा, ‘the certain hope of the resurrection’) so it is not flattened to wishful desire nor collapsed into bhakti trust-in-Vitthal or Buddhist counsel against clinging to hope.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभूचा दिवस
Transliteration: Prabhūcā divas
Doctrine: Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: युगान्त / कलियुगान्त, प्रलय
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Day of the Lord
New term. Occurs 5:2. Must be a single, linear, unrepeatable historical event of divine judgment and vindication, not a recurring dissolution/re-creation within a Hindu yuga-cycle, nor an impersonal causal chain lacking a personal Judge. Also distinguish from vrat/festival ‘sacred day’ usage (e.g. एकादशी).
Wrath
Approved rendering: क्रोध
Transliteration: krodh
Doctrine: Wrath and Judgment of God / Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: कर्माचा परिणाम (karmic-consequence framing)
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
New term. Occurs 1:10; 2:16; 5:9 (ὀργή). Render क्रोध (देवाचा क्रोध); personal, moral, judicial anger of a personal God against sin, never explained in terms echoing an impersonal karmic ledger; believers are rescued from it by Christ, not required to work it off.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: व्यभिचार
Transliteration: vyabhicār
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Rejected alternatives: caste/ritual-purity-inflected alternatives
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 4:3 (πορνεία). Must read as a moral-relational sin against God and neighbor, not a social-taboo or caste-marriage-propriety concern.
Living And True God
Approved rendering: जिवंत आणि खरा परमेश्वर
Transliteration: jivant āṇi kharā Parameśvar
Doctrine: Exclusivity of Worship / Conversion from Idols
Original: θεῷ ζῶντι καὶ ἀληθινῷ
Category: God
New term. Occurs 1:9. Both qualifiers (‘living’ = personally active, ‘true’ = sole genuine referent) must be retained to sustain the idol contrast.
Satan
Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: Saitān
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict (Satan and Temptation)
Rejected alternatives: असुर, राक्षस, मार (Mara)
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New term. Occurs 2:18; cf. ‘the tempter’ at 3:5. A specific, personal, defeated-but-active spiritual adversary, not a Hindu asura/rakshasa (demon-class figure in a wider pantheon) or a Buddhist Mara (non-theistic personification of craving/death). Paul’s claim (2:18) is concrete and historical, not merely symbolic.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: प्रीती
Transliteration: prītī
Doctrine: Christian Love (Agapē) and Brotherly Love
Rejected alternatives: प्रेम used unqualified in its bhakti-devotional sense
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 3:12; 5:8 (ἀγάπη). Committed, willed, self-giving, others-oriented love flowing from God’s own character, distinguished from प्रेम used unqualified in its prema-bhakti sense (felt emotional longing toward Vitthal/Krishna), without denying relational warmth.
Human Spirit Soul Body
Approved rendering: आत्मा, जीव, शरीर
Transliteration: mānavī ātmā / jīv / śarīr
Doctrine: Assurance and the Whole Person (Spirit, Soul, Body) / Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 5:23 (πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα). Render आत्मा (मानवी आत्मा) / जीव / शरीर, with a mandatory disambiguating modifier for the human आत्मा since पवित्र आत्मा is fixed for the Holy Spirit. Teach as God’s comprehensive claim on the whole person, not requiring a Hindu ātman metaphysics nor threatened by Buddhist anatta teaching.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs in the greeting (1:1) and 5:3, 13, 23 (‘the God of peace himself’); relational peace with God, not meditative calm.
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People / Mutual Edification and Church Order
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1 (‘the church of the Thessalonians’) and 2:14; a congregation, never a temple building.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरी राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12, ‘walk worthy of God, who calls you into his own kingdom and glory.‘
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीय
Transliteration: anyajātīya
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:16 and 4:5 (‘the Gentiles who do not know God’).
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostolic Ministry and Integrity
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:6 (‘as apostles of Christ’); a sent, accountable office, not a self-attained guru status.
Holiness State
Approved rendering: पवित्रता
Transliteration: pavitratā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण, तपस्या
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 3:13; underlies ὁλοτελεῖς at 5:23 (ἁγιωσύνη). Distinguished from पवित्रीकरण (the ongoing process); a future-oriented settled condition to be found in at the parousia, not self-earned through ascetic discipline (तपस्या).
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: बंधुप्रीती
Transliteration: bandhuprītī
Doctrine: Christian Love (Agapē) and Brotherly Love
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs 4:9-10 (φιλαδελφία). Love within the मंडळी (new-covenant family), not confined to biological kin or caste/community solidarity.
Affliction
Approved rendering: संकट
Transliteration: saṅkaṭ
Doctrine: Suffering and Persecution for the Gospel
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Hope in Grief
New term. Occurs 1:6; 2:14; 3:3-4, 7 (θλῖψις). External suffering/persecution faced with joy through hope, kept consistent across all occurrences.
Persecution
Approved rendering: छळ
Transliteration: chaḷ
Doctrine: Suffering and Persecution for the Gospel
Original: διωγμός
Category: Hope in Grief
New term. Occurs 2:14 (διωγμός). Concrete hostile action against believers for their faith.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: देवाची तुतारी
Transliteration: devācī tutārī
Doctrine: Return of Christ / Day of the Lord
Original: σάλπιγξ θεοῦ
Category: Day of the Lord
New term. Occurs 4:16 (σάλπιγξ θεοῦ). Linked to OT Day-of-the-Lord/assembly trumpet imagery (Joel 2:1); not a decorative sound-effect.
Archangel
Approved rendering: महादूत
Transliteration: mahādūt
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: आर्कएंजल (needlessly foreign transliteration)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 4:16 (ἀρχάγγελος), also रendered मुख्य देवदूत. No equivalent office exists in Hindu tradition, lowering collision risk.
Clouds Theophany
Approved rendering: ढग
Transliteration: ḍhag
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Original: νεφέλαι
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 4:17 (νεφέλαι). A teaching note on the biblical theophany-cloud motif (Exodus 13:21; Acts 1:9) is required so this is not read as a mere weather detail.
Meeting The Lord
Approved rendering: भेट (प्रभूला भेटण्यासाठी)
Transliteration: bheṭ
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Original: ἀπάντησις
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 4:17 (ἀπάντησις). Royal-welcome background (delegation goes out to formally receive and escort home an arriving dignitary) clarifies the purpose is permanent reunion with Christ, not escape from the world.
Crown Of Rejoicing
Approved rendering: अभिमानाचा मुकुट
Transliteration: abhimānācā mukuṭ
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 2:19 (στέφανος καυχήσεως). Future reward imagery tied to the parousia; must not imply merit-earned status contradicting grace.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभूचे वचन
Transliteration: Prabhūce vacan
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture / Authority of the Lord’s Word
Original: λόγος κυρίου / λόγος θεοῦ
Category: Inspiration of Scripture
New term. Occurs 2:13 (देवाचे वचन) and 4:15 (λόγος κυρίου). Distinguish from Warkari abhang devotional poetry and Ambedkar’s Dhamma writings, both of which claim teaching authority but not divine-revelation status.
Cry Of Command
Approved rendering: आज्ञेची गर्जना
Transliteration: āgnyecī garjanā
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: हाक (too weak in register)
Original: κέλευσμα
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 4:16 (κέλευσμα), an authoritative military/naval command-shout accompanying Christ’s descent; should not be softened to a gentle call.
Precede Others
Approved rendering: पुढे जाणार नाही
Transliteration: puḍhe jāṇār nāhī
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Original: φθάνω (φθάσωμεν)
Category: Hope in Grief
New term. Occurs 4:15 (φθάνω/φθάσωμεν). Living believers will not ‘precede’ those who have died at the parousia; must not be read as a merit-race, only temporal-sequence reassurance.
Imitators
Approved rendering: अनुकरण करणारे
Transliteration: anukaraṇ karṇāre
Doctrine: Suffering and Persecution for the Gospel / Sanctification
Original: μιμηταί
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 1:6 (μιμηταί). Distinguish from guru-disciple imitation models where imitating a living teacher’s ascetic practice is itself the path to liberation; here imitation is of joyful faith under suffering, modeled on Christ.
Rescue Deliver
Approved rendering: सोडवणारा
Transliteration: soḍvaṇārā
Doctrine: Wrath and Judgment of God
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs 1:10 (ῥύομαι). Rescue accomplished by God through Christ, not self-effort.
Vessel Body
Approved rendering: पात्र (शरीर)
Transliteration: pātra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 4:4 (σκεῦος). The body itself is to be honored, kept, and one day raised — not despised as illusory or a source of craving to be transcended, as in some Hindu/Buddhist body frameworks.
Taught By God
Approved rendering: देवाकडून शिकलेले
Transliteration: devākaḍūn śikalele
Doctrine: Christian Love (Agapē) and Brotherly Love
Original: θεοδίδακτοι
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 4:9 (θεοδίδακτοι). Direct, Spirit-given instruction to love, distinguished from guru-transmitted teaching lineages.
Lustful Passion
Approved rendering: वासनेची कामना
Transliteration: vāsanecī kāmanā
Doctrine: Sexual Purity
Original: πάθος ἐπιθυμίας
Category: Sanctification
New term. Occurs 4:5 (πάθος ἐπιθυμίας). Disordered sexual desire, contrasted with holiness and honor.
Avenger
Approved rendering: सूड घेणारा
Transliteration: sūḍ gheṇārā
Doctrine: Sexual Purity / Wrath and Judgment of God
Original: ἔκδικος
Category: God
New term. Occurs 4:6 (ἔκδικος). God as the one who judicially avenges sin against a fellow believer; ties to the wrath doctrine as a righteous judicial response, not an impersonal karmic reckoning.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: उपकारस्तुती
Transliteration: upakārastutī
Doctrine: Thanksgiving / Prayer and Ceaseless Devotion
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2 and 5:18; standard usage, low risk.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणे
Transliteration: uttejan deṇe
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Church Order
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12; 3:2; 4:1, 10, 18; 5:11, 14; context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement per baseline note.
Mutual Edification
Approved rendering: परस्पर उन्नती
Transliteration: paraspar unnatī
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Church Order
Original: οἰκοδομέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 5:11, ‘encourage one another and build each other up.‘
Angel
Approved rendering: देवदूत
Transliteration: devadūt
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Eschatology
New term. Underlies ἀρχάγγελος at 4:16. Established Marathi Christian usage.
Air
Approved rendering: हवा
Transliteration: havā
Doctrine: Return of Christ
Original: ἀήρ
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs 4:17 (ἀήρ). Ordinary atmospheric term, minor risk.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: पवित्र चुंबन
Transliteration: pavitra cumban
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church Fellowship
New term. Occurs 5:26 (φίλημα ἅγιον). A first-century greeting custom without a natural Marathi cultural equivalent; retain with a cultural teaching note rather than substituting a different local gesture.
Referenced passages