Core Glossary

Core Glossary: 2 Timothy (English → Marathi)

Curriculum: 2 Timothy Core passage anchor: 2 Timothy 3:14–4:5 Purpose: Consolidated per-term glossary citing load-bearing terms from every chapter of 2 Timothy, with Marathi rendering, transliteration, risk tier, doctrine linkage, and translation-risk rationale. This glossary extends — and never contradicts — the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Terms already recorded there are marked [BASELINE] and reused exactly; terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for addition to the translation memory before Phase 2 processing.

Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused in 2 Timothy (No Change)

English term	Marathi (established)	Transliteration	Risk	2 Timothy occurrences	Note
Gospel	शुभवर्तमान	śubhavartamān	High	1:8,10; 2:8-9; 4:5	Reuse exactly; “my gospel” (2:8) = Paul’s specific apostolic proclamation.
Grace	कृपा	kṛpā	Critical	1:2,9; 2:1; 4:22	Standard greeting/closing and doctrinal use (1:9, “not because of our works”).
Faith	विश्वास	viśvāsa	High	throughout (1:5,13; 2:18,22; 3:8,10,15; 4:7)	“Kept the faith” (4:7) uses the term for the body of belief, not only personal trust — flag nuance for reviewers.
Apostle	प्रेषित	preṣit	Medium	1:1,11	Unchanged.
Called / Calling	बोलावलेले / पाचारण	bolāvlele / pācāraṇ	High	1:9 (“holy calling”)	Reuse exactly; effectual, sovereign call.
Holy	पवित्र	pavitra	High	1:9,14 (Holy Spirit); note 3:15 uses ἱερός, a distinct Greek word — see New Terms.	Do not conflate ἱερός (3:15) with ἅγιος; both render to पवित्र-family Marathi but the Greek distinction should be footnoted for reviewers.
Sanctification	पवित्रीकरण	pavitrīkaraṇ	High	2:21	Unchanged.
Salvation	तारण	tāraṇ	Critical	2:10; 3:15	NEVER मोक्ष/मुक्ती/निर्वाण.
Resurrection	पुनरुत्थान	punarutthān	Critical	2:8,18	2:18 names Hymenaeus/Philetus’s false teaching about it — term itself must stay precise even while describing an error about it.
Lord	प्रभू	prabhū	Critical	throughout	Exclusive, reigning Lord; distinct from δεσπότης (master) and κριτής (judge) — see New Terms.
Power of God	देवाचे सामर्थ्य	devāce sāmarthya	High	1:8	Exact baseline phrase; NEVER शक्ती.
Election	देवाची निवड	devācī nivaḍ	High	2:10 (“elect” adjective, निवडलेले जन)	Reuse root; avoid नशीब/दैव/कर्मफळ.
Gentiles	अन्यजातीय	anyajātīya	Medium	4:17	Unchanged.
Glory	गौरव	gaurav	High	2:10; 4:18	Unchanged.
Seed of David	दावीदाच्या वंशातून	Dāvīdācyā vaṃśātūn	High	2:8	Unchanged.
David	दावीद	Dāvīd	Medium	2:8	Unchanged.
God	परमेश्वर	Parameśvar	Critical	throughout	Never देव/भगवान alone in doctrinally precise contexts.
Jesus / Christ	येशू / ख्रिस्त	Yeśū / Khrist	Critical	throughout	Unchanged.
Holy Spirit	पवित्र आत्मा	Pavitra Ātmā	Critical	1:14	Unchanged.
Father	पिता	Pitā	Critical	1:2	Unchanged.
Righteousness	नीतिमत्त्व	nītimattva	Critical	2:22; 3:16; 4:8	Unchanged; underlies “crown of righteousness” (4:8).
Thanksgiving	उपकारस्तुती	upakārastutī	Low	1:3	Unchanged.
Exhort	उत्तेजन देणे	uttejan deṇe	Low	4:2	Context-sensitive per baseline note; here paired with rebuke.

Section 2 — New Terms Introduced by 2 Timothy

2.1 Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
Sacred writings / Scripture	ἱερὰ γράμματα / γραφή	पवित्रशास्त्र	pavitraśāstra	Critical	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	3:15,16	Never धर्मशास्त्र (activates forbidden धर्म root shared with caste-Hindu dharma / Ambedkarite Dhamma sensitivity, per baseline `law` entry). Distinguish from Warkari abhang poetry (revered, not claimed as God’s own speech) and the Buddhist Tripitaka (authoritative teaching, not divine revelation).
God-breathed	θεόπνευστος	परमेश्वरप्रेरित	Parameśvar-prerit	Critical	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	3:16	Hapax legomenon; cornerstone of the doctrine. Must use परमेश्वर (not देव) for consistency with baseline `god` precision. Rejected alternatives: bare “प्रेरित” (inspired) alone — collapses into vocabulary used for Warkari sant-poets’ devotional inspiration (स्फूर्ती), wrongly suggesting exalted human poetry rather than God’s own speech.
Man of God	ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος	परमेश्वराचा माणूस	Parameśvarācā māṇūs	High	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture / Charge to Preach the Word	3:17	OT prophetic title of consecrated ownership. Avoid देव (flattens to “a god’s man”) and भक्त (implies devotional achievement rather than God’s ownership/commissioning).
Profitable for teaching, reproof, correction, training	ὠφέλιμος πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, ἐλεγμόν, ἐπανόρθωσιν, παιδείαν	उपयुक्त — शिकवण्यासाठी, दोष दाखवण्यासाठी, सुधारण्यासाठी, प्रशिक्षणासाठी	upayukta — śikvaṇyāsāṭhī, doṣ dākhavṇyāsāṭhī, sudhāraṇyāsāṭhī, praśikṣaṇāsāṭhī	Medium	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	3:16	Fourfold sufficiency formula; Low-Medium individually, but the set as a whole is doctrinally load-bearing for “sufficiency.”
Equipped / complete	ἄρτιος, ἐξηρτισμένος	पूर्णपणे सुसज्ज	pūrṇapaṇe susajja	Medium	Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture	3:17	Scripture alone produces full ministerial competence — no additional revelation source needed.

2.2 Perseverance under Suffering

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
Endure hardship / suffer	κακοπαθέω, πάθημα	हालअपेष्टा सहन करणे	hāl-apeṣṭā sahan karaṇe	Critical	Perseverance under Suffering	1:8; 2:3,9; 3:11; 4:5	Deliberately avoids दुःख (duḥkha, Buddhism’s First Noble Truth term for suffering to be escaped) and क्लेश (kleśa, Yogic/Buddhist term for afflictions to be extinguished through self-effort) as the primary rendering, since biblical perseverance is a purposeful embrace of suffering for the gospel in hope of future glory — the opposite posture from escaping suffering through self-cultivation.
Endure / persevere	ὑπομένω	सहनशीलतेने टिकून राहणे	sahanaśīlatene ṭikūn rāhaṇe	High	Perseverance under Suffering	2:12	Distinguish from Buddhist equanimity/detachment (upekkha); this is hope-filled trust toward a future reward with Christ.
Persecution	διωγμός	छळ	chaḷ	High	Perseverance under Suffering	3:11-12	Resonant with Maharashtra’s own history of caste-based persecution — a potential empathetic bridge, but must be anchored specifically to persecution for Christ’s name/gospel, not generalized social suffering.
Poured out as a drink offering	σπένδομαι	अर्पण होत आहे	arpaṇ hot āhe	High	Perseverance under Suffering / Assurance of Reward	4:6	अर्पण is common Hindu puja vocabulary (temple offerings); must be clearly framed as Paul’s own life given in service to Christ’s mission, not ritual temple offering.
Good fight / race / kept the faith	ἀγών, δρόμος, τηρέω (τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα)	चांगली लढाई, शर्यत, विश्वास राखला	cāṅglī laḍāī, śarat, viśvās rākhlā	Critical	Perseverance under Suffering / Assurance of Reward	4:7	Athletic/military imagery; must not imply salvation is earned by finishing well — this is reward for faithful service after salvation by grace, a distinct biblical category.

2.3 Guarding Sound Doctrine

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
Entrusted deposit	παραθήκη	सुपूर्द केलेली ठेव	supūrd kelelī ṭhev	Critical	Guarding Sound Doctrine / Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	1:12,14	The gospel/apostolic teaching as a trust to be guarded intact, not modified.
Guard / keep	φυλάσσω, τηρέω	राखणे / जपून ठेवणे	rākhaṇe / japūn ṭhevaṇe	Critical	Guarding Sound Doctrine	1:14; 4:7	The central guarding verb; must be used consistently for this doctrine’s central action.
Sound teaching / sound doctrine	ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία	सुदृढ शिकवण	sudṛḍh śikvaṇ	Critical	Guarding Sound Doctrine	1:13; 4:3	Must remain identical across every occurrence in the curriculum; do not vary the adjective.
Teaching / doctrine	διδασκαλία, διδαχή	शिकवण	śikvaṇ	Critical	Guarding Sound Doctrine (foundational vocabulary)	3:10,16; 4:2,3	Consistency-critical term across the whole book.
Rightly handling the word of truth	ὀρθοτομέω τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας	सत्याच्या वचनाचे यथार्थपणे विवरण करणे	satyācyā vacanāce yathārthapaṇe vivaraṇ karaṇe	High	Guarding Sound Doctrine	2:15	Hermeneutical mandate for accurate, careful scriptural interpretation.
Quarrel about words / profane babbling	λογομαχία, βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι	शब्दांवरून वाद, अपवित्र व्यर्थ बडबड	śabdāṃvarūn vād, apavitra vyarth baḍbaḍ	Low-Medium	Guarding Sound Doctrine	2:14,16	Disciplinary warnings against unproductive doctrinal wrangling.

2.4 Faithful Transmission of the Gospel

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
Entrust	παρατίθημι (παράθου)	सुपूर्द कर	supūrd kar	Critical	Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	2:2	Anchor verb for the multi-generational chain of transmission (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others). Same root family as παραθήκη for terminological consistency.
Faithful men	πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι	विश्वासू माणसे	viśvāsū māṇase	Medium	Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	2:2	Qualification for receiving transmitted doctrine: proven trustworthiness.
The word of God is not bound	ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	देवाचे वचन बंदिस्त नाही	devāce vacan bandist nāhī	Critical	Faithful Transmission of the Gospel / Charge to Preach the Word	2:9	Gospel advances despite the messenger’s imprisonment.
Assured, having learned from whom	ἐπιστώθης εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες	कोणाकडून शिकलास हे जाणून खात्री पटली	koṇākaḍūn śiklās he jāṇūn khātrī paṭlī	Medium	Faithful Transmission of the Gospel	3:14	Traceable human chain of transmission underwrites assurance.

2.5 The Charge to Preach the Word

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
I solemnly charge	διαμαρτύρομαι	मी आग्रहपूर्वक आज्ञा देतो	mī āgrahapūrvak āj्ñā deto	Critical	Charge to Preach the Word	4:1	Courtroom-weight commissioning before divine witnesses; must not be softened to casual advice.
Preach the word	κήρυξον τὸν λόγον	वचन घोषित कर	vacan ghoṣit kar	Critical	Charge to Preach the Word	4:2	Public, authoritative heraldic proclamation — not a guru’s private discourse (प्रवचन).
The Word (the message)	λόγος	वचन	vacan	Critical	Charge to Preach the Word	2:9; 4:2	Distinguish from generic use of वचन in Warkari sant-vacanamrut devotional literature — context must show this is God’s own authoritative word.
Herald / proclaim	κήρυξ, κηρύσσω, κήρυγμα	घोषक, घोषित करणे, उद्घोषणा	ghoṣak, ghoṣit karaṇe, udghoṣaṇā	High	Charge to Preach the Word	1:11; 4:2,17	Heraldic authority, not self-attained teaching status.
Reprove, rebuke, exhort	ἐλέγχω, ἐπιτιμάω, παρακαλέω	दोष निदर्शनास आणणे, समज देणे, उत्तेजन देणे	doṣ nidarśanās āṇaṇe, samaj deṇe, uttejan deṇe	Medium	Charge to Preach the Word	4:2	Threefold ministry of the word; παρακαλέω reuses baseline `exhort`.
In season, out of season	εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως	वेळी-अवेळी	veḷī-aveḷī	Low	Charge to Preach the Word	4:2	Idiom for constant readiness.
Fulfill your ministry	τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον	तुझी सेवा पूर्णपणे कर	tujhī sevā pūrṇapaṇe kar	High	Charge to Preach the Word	4:5	διακονία parallels baseline’s सेवाकार्य (Christ-Centered Ministry); completion emphasis ties to 4:7’s “I have finished.”

2.6 Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
Last days	ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις	अंतिम दिवस	antim divas	Critical	Apostasy and False Teachers	3:1	Never assimilated to Hindu cyclical Yuga cosmology (esp. Kali Yuga) or a Buddhist decline-of-Dharma narrative; biblical eschatology is linear and unrepeatable.
Form of godliness, denying its power	μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας … δύναμιν … ἠρνημένοι	ईश्वरनिष्ठेचे बाह्यरूप, सामर्थ्य नाकारलेले	Īśvaraniṣṭhece bāhyarūp, sāmarthya nākārlele	Critical	Apostasy and False Teachers	3:5	εὐσέβεια rendered ईश्वरनिष्ठा (steadfast devotion/loyalty to God) rather than भक्ति/भक्तिभाव, deliberately avoiding Warkari bhakti-devotion vocabulary already flagged as a false-friend risk for “faith” in the baseline — especially delicate here since the text describes a hollow, powerless imitation of true devotion. Requires theologian review every occurrence.
Depart from / oppose / resist	ἀφίστημι, ἀνθίστημι	दूर होणे, विरोध करणे	dūr hoṇe, virodh karaṇe	High	Apostasy and False Teachers	2:19; 3:8	ἀφίστημι shares its root with ἀποστασία (“falling away”); the same root elsewhere names the very apostasy this doctrine addresses.
Deceiving and being deceived	πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι	फसवणे व फसणे	fasavaṇe va fasaṇe	High	Apostasy and False Teachers	3:13	Avoids भ्रम-based renderings (Hindu Vedantic māyā/cosmic-illusion resonance).
Myths	μῦθοι	दंतकथा	dantkathā	Medium	Apostasy and False Teachers	4:4	Narrowly scoped to the false teachers’ invented tales — must not be read as a blanket dismissal of the audience’s own traditional narrative literature (Puranic, Jataka, etc.).
Itching ears	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	कान खाजवणारी गोष्ट ऐकण्याची इच्छा	kān khājavaṇārī goṣṭa aikaṇyācī icchā	Medium	Apostasy and False Teachers	4:3	No direct Marathi idiom; literal-plus-explanatory phrase needed to preserve “craving novelty over truth” sense.
Passions / desires	ἐπιθυμία	वासना	vāsanā	High	Apostasy and False Teachers / Perseverance	2:22; 3:6; 4:3	वासना carries strong Hindu/Buddhist resonance (sensory craving to be extinguished through self-effort); here the concern is desire distorting one’s choice of teaching, addressed by grace and truth, not self-discipline alone.
Disqualified concerning the faith	ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν	विश्वासाच्या बाबतीत अपात्र	viśvāsācyā bābatīt apātra	High	Apostasy and False Teachers / Assurance of Reward (contrast)	3:8	Contrasts with δόκιμος (“approved,” 2:15); marks the negative pole of the assurance doctrine.
Forsook me, loving this present world	ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα	हे सध्याचे जग आवडल्यामुळे मला सोडून गेला	he sadhyāce jag āvaḍlyāmuḷe malā soḍūn gelā	High	Apostasy and False Teachers	4:10	αἰών rendered “this present world,” not युग (yug), to avoid invoking Hindu cyclical cosmic-age theology.

2.7 Assurance of Reward

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Key passages	Rationale
Appearing	ἐπιφάνεια	प्रकटीकरण	prakaṭīkaraṇ	Critical	Assurance of Reward / Charge to Preach the Word	1:10; 4:1,8	Must never be assimilated to Vaishnav avatar-descent imagery (Vitthal’s periodic appearances); Christ’s appearing is a unique, final, personal return of the same historical Jesus. Keep identical across all three occurrences.
Laid up / reserved	ἀπόκειμαι	राखून ठेवलेला	rākhūn ṭhevlelā	High	Assurance of Reward	4:8	Must not echo a self-earned karma-ledger; the reward rests entirely in God’s own secure keeping, consistent with salvation-by-grace remaining foundational.
Crown of righteousness	ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	विजयाचा मुकुट (नीतिमत्त्वाचा मुकुट)	vijayācā mukuṭ (nītimattvācā mukuṭ)	Critical	Assurance of Reward	4:8	στέφανος is a victor’s athletic wreath, not a royal diadem (διάδημα); Marathi मुकुट ordinarily suggests royal kingship — requires an explicit qualifying phrase and translator note to prevent implying co-regency.
The righteous judge will award	ὁ δίκαιος κριτής ἀποδώσει	नीतिमान न्यायाधीश देईल	nītimān nyāyādhīś deīl	Critical	Assurance of Reward	4:8	δίκαιος reuses नीतिमान (matching baseline’s नीतिमान ठरवणे); κριτής new — न्यायाधीश.
Judge the living and the dead	κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	जिवंतांचा व मृतांचा न्याय करणे	jivantāṅcā va mṛtāṅcā nyāya karaṇe	Critical	Assurance of Reward	4:1	Universal, final, personal judgment — not an impersonal karmic ledger.
Good fight, race, kept the faith	ἀγών, δρόμος, τηρέω	चांगली लढाई, शर्यत, विश्वास राखला	cāṅglī laḍāī, śarat, viśvās rākhlā	Critical	Assurance of Reward	4:7	See Section 2.2; ties perseverance and reward into one coherent life-arc.
The Lord will repay according to deeds	ἀποδώσει κατὰ τὰ ἔργα	कृतीप्रमाणे प्रतिफळ देईल	kṛtīpramāṇe pratiphaḷ deīl	High	Assurance of Reward	4:14	Negative counterpart (Alexander) to the positive reward of 4:8 — divine justice symmetry.

2.8 Other Load-Bearing Terms (Cross-Doctrinal)

Term	Greek	Marathi	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine link	Key passages	Rationale
Mercy	ἔλεος	दया	dayā	Medium	General / Assurance	1:2,16,18	Distinct from कृपा (grace); distinguish from cultivated करुणा (Buddhist compassion virtue) — biblical mercy originates in God’s character toward sinners.
Conscience	συνείδησις	विवेकबुद्धी	vivekabuddhī	Medium	Guarding Sound Doctrine (integrity)	1:3	विवेक also names discriminative wisdom in Hindu/Buddhist path-discernment; anchor to a personal moral record before a personal God.
Love	ἀγάπη	प्रीती	prīti	Medium	General (fruit of the Spirit)	1:7; 2:22; 4:8	Distinguish from Vaishnav bhakti’s Radha-Krishna devotional-romantic “प्रेम” tradition.
Life and immortality	ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία	जीवन आणि अविनाशित्व	jīvan āṇi avināśitva	High	Assurance of Reward / Resurrection	1:10	Not Hindu ātman-immortality; resurrection-secured life specifically through Christ.
Purpose	πρόθεσις	संकल्प	saṅkalp	High	Guarding Sound Doctrine (God’s initiative)	1:9; 3:10	Must not echo नशीब/दैव/कर्मफळ (fate/karma), per baseline `election`/`providence` cautions.
Repentance	μετάνοια	पश्चात्ताप	paścāttāp	Critical	Apostasy and False Teachers (restoration)	2:25	God-granted, not self-generated remorse or karmic self-correction — preserve the “God may grant” framing.
Knowledge of the truth	ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας	सत्याचे ज्ञान	satyāce jñān	High	Apostasy and False Teachers / Scripture	2:25; 3:7	ज्ञान carries Hindu jnana-marga / Buddhist prajna resonance; anchor to relational knowledge of gospel truth, not mystical self-attained realization.
The Lord’s servant	δοῦλος κυρίου	प्रभूचा दास	prabhūcā dās	High	Charge to Preach the Word (ministerial posture)	2:24	दास carries acute historical weight given Maharashtra’s caste-servitude system explicitly renounced by Ambedkarite conversion; frame as voluntary, dignified belonging to a good and liberating Master — flag for sensitivity review.
Master (household owner)	δεσπότης	धनी	dhanī	Medium	(contrast with Lord)	2:21	Kept distinct from प्रभू (reserved exclusively for κύριος).

Risk Summary (2 Timothy New Terms)

Risk tier	Count (new terms, Section 2)	Review routing
Critical	15	Human theologian
High	15	Human theologian
Medium	12	Native speaker review
Low	4	Automated review

This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) and bible_term_registry.json prior to Phase 2 segment translation, and the corresponding doctrines (Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture; Perseverance under Suffering; Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel; The Charge to Preach the Word; Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days; Assurance of Reward) must be added to doctrine_risk_registry.json with the same risk-tier and review-routing conventions established by the Romans baseline.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

CRITICAL: कृपा already names devotional favor in Warkari bhakti; every occurrence must make explicit that this favor is unearned and given through Christ alone. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:2,9 (explicitly contrasted with ‘works’ at 1:9); 2:1; 4:22 (closing benediction).

Salvation

Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

CRITICAL: NEVER मोक्ष, मुक्ती, or निर्वाण. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:10 (‘the salvation that is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory’) and 3:15 (Scripture ‘able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus’) — तारण is deliverance given by God through Christ to a person, secured by Scripture’s testimony to Christ, never attained through devotional or contemplative practice.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν
Category: Eschatology

CRITICAL: NEVER पुनर्जन्म or पुनर्भव. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:8 (Christ ‘raised from the dead’) and 2:18, where the term must remain precise even while reporting Hymenaeus and Philetus’s false teaching that ‘the resurrection has already happened’ — the false teachers’ claim must be reported as a distortion of पुनरुत्थान, never rendered so loosely that the term itself becomes ambiguous.

Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

CRITICAL: exclusive, supreme, presently-reigning Lordship. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy, including as ‘the righteous judge’ who will award the crown (4:8). Must be kept terminologically distinct from δεσπότης (धनी, household master, 2:21) and κριτής (न्यायाधीश, judge, 4:8) so readers do not flatten these into one undifferentiated honorific, and so that प्रभू is never read as one devotional lord among others (cf. Vitthal) in Warkari practice.

God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God

CRITICAL: never देव or भगवान alone in doctrinally precise contexts. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy, most critically in the compound परमेश्वरप्रेरित (God-breathed, 3:16), where precision is the entire point of the verse, and as witness to Timothy’s solemn charge (4:1).

Jesus

Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Established Marathi Christian standard; never ईसा. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy, frequently as ख्रिस्त येशू.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

CRITICAL: never परमात्मा or ब्रह्म. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:14 (guarding the good deposit ‘by the Holy Spirit who dwells within us’) and underlies 1:7’s ‘spirit of power, love, and self-control.‘

Father

Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

God as personal Father. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:2 (epistolary greeting).

Righteousness

Approved rendering: नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: nītimattva
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

CRITICAL: never धर्म. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:22 (pursue righteousness), 3:16 (training in righteousness), and underlies the ‘crown of righteousness’ (4:8), which must be read as the reward for a righteousness already received by faith and lived out, not a merit-earned prize.

Sacred Scripture

Approved rendering: पवित्रशास्त्र
Transliteration: pavitraśāstra
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: धर्मशास्त्र, ग्रंथ
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα / γραφή
Category: Scripture

Renders both ἱερὰ γράμματα (3:15) and πᾶσα γραφή (3:16) with one consistent Marathi term; translator notes must record the underlying two-phrase distinction for reviewers. NEVER धर्मशास्त्र, which activates the same forbidden धर्म root flagged in the baseline law entry for caste-Hindu dharma / Ambedkarite Dhamma sensitivities. Must be kept terminologically distinct from Warkari abhang devotional poetry (revered but not claimed as God’s own spoken word) and from the Buddhist Tripitaka / Ambedkar’s reinterpreted Dhamma writings (authoritative as teaching, not as divine revelation).

God Breathed

Approved rendering: परमेश्वरप्रेरित
Transliteration: Parameśvar-prerit
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: प्रेरित (bare), ईश्वरी स्फूर्ती
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture

Renders θεόπνευστος (3:16), Paul’s own coinage (hapax legomenon) and the doctrinal anchor for Scripture’s inspiration. Must use परमेश्वर, not देव, for doctrinal precision consistent with the baseline god entry. A bare प्रेरित collapses into the vocabulary used for Warkari sant-poets’ devotional inspiration (स्फूर्ती), wrongly suggesting Scripture is exalted human poetry rather than God’s own speech; also distinguish from the Tripitaka’s claim to authority as the Buddha’s recorded teaching rather than divine speech.

Endure Hardship

Approved rendering: हालअपेष्टा सहन करणे
Transliteration: hāl-apeṣṭā sahan karaṇe
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: दुःख सहन करणे, क्लेश सहन करणे
Original: κακοπαθέω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering

Renders κακοπαθέω / πάθημα (1:8; 2:3,9; 3:11; 4:5). Deliberately avoids दुःख (Buddhism’s First Noble Truth term for suffering to be escaped via the Eightfold Path) and क्लेश (the Yogic/Buddhist term for afflictions extinguished through self-effort); Paul commends purposeful embrace of suffering for the gospel in hope of future glory, the opposite posture from escaping suffering through self-cultivation.

Good Fight Race Kept Faith

Approved rendering: चांगली लढाई मी लढलो आहे, शर्यत मी पूर्ण केली आहे, विश्वास मी राखला आहे
Transliteration: cāṅglī laḍāī mī laḍhlo āhe, śarat mī pūrṇa kelī āhe, viśvās mī rākhlā āhe
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: सिद्धी प्राप्त केली
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Reward

Renders Paul’s summary testimony (4:7): ἀγών, δρόμος, τηρέω τὴν πίστιν, echoing the soldier/athlete/farmer imagery of 2:3-7. Must be framed as the fruit of a Spirit-empowered life, not self-generated merit earning salvation; salvation itself remains by कृपा — this is reward for faithful service after salvation, a distinct biblical category.

Entrusted Deposit

Approved rendering: सुपूर्द केलेली ठेव
Transliteration: supūrd kelelī ṭhev
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine

Renders παραθήκη (1:12,14). The gospel/apostolic teaching as a trust to be guarded intact, never modified. Must remain identical in both occurrences and echo forward into 2:2’s transmission language and 4:7’s ‘kept the faith.‘

Guard Keep

Approved rendering: राखणे / जपून ठेवणे
Transliteration: rākhaṇe / japūn ṭhevaṇe
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: φυλάσσω / τηρέω
Category: Doctrine

Renders φυλάσσω / τηρέω (1:12,14; 4:7), the central guarding verb, used in both directions (God guarding Paul’s deposit at 1:12; Timothy charged to guard what he received at 1:14). Must be used consistently for this doctrine’s central action across the whole book.

Sound Teaching

Approved rendering: सुदृढ शिकवण
Transliteration: sudṛḍh śikvaṇ
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: आरोग्यदायी शिकवण, योग्य शिकवण
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine

Renders ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαινόντων λόγων (1:13; 4:3). Must remain an identical fixed Marathi phrase across every occurrence; the medical metaphor (healthy vs. diseased teaching, cf. ‘gangrene’ 2:17) is original to the Greek word-group and must not be varied into a synonym.

Teaching Doctrine

Approved rendering: शिकवण
Transliteration: śikvaṇ
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Doctrine

Renders διδασκαλία / διδαχή (3:10,16; 4:2,3), foundational, consistency-critical vocabulary across the whole book.

Entrust

Approved rendering: सुपूर्द कर
Transliteration: supūrd kar
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: गुरुपरंपरेने सोपव
Original: παρατίθημι (παράθου)
Category: Transmission

Renders παρατίθημι / παράθου (2:2), anchor verb of the multi-generational transmission chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others). Shares its root family with सुपूर्द केलेली ठेव for terminological consistency. Must NOT be assimilated to guru-paramparā lineage vocabulary, which implies escalating personal spiritual authority rather than custodianship of a fixed, unchanging deposit.

Word Of God Not Bound

Approved rendering: देवाचे वचन बंदिस्त नाही
Transliteration: devāce vacan bandist nāhī
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Transmission

Renders ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται (2:9); the gospel’s advance does not depend on any one messenger’s freedom, even Paul’s own imprisonment.

Solemn Charge

Approved rendering: मी आग्रहपूर्वक आज्ञा देतो
Transliteration: mī āgrahapūrvak ājñā deto
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: मी सुचवतो, मी विनंती करतो
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry

Renders διαμαρτύρομαι (4:1), a binding, witnessed, courtroom-weight commissioning ‘in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus.’ A weak verb (सुचवणे, ‘suggest’) would badly understate the force; this is solemn command, not casual advice.

Preach The Word

Approved rendering: वचन घोषित कर
Transliteration: vacan ghoṣit kar
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: वचनाचे प्रवचन दे
Original: κήρυξον τὸν λόγον
Category: Ministry

Renders κήρυξον τὸν λόγον (4:2). Public, authoritative heraldic proclamation of a king’s message, not a guru’s private discourse (प्रवचन) or a lecture among equals.

The Word

Approved rendering: वचन
Transliteration: vacan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: λόγος
Category: Ministry

Renders λόγος as the content of apostolic proclamation (2:9; 4:2). वचन is also used generically in Marathi devotional literature (Warkari sant-vacanamrut, ‘the sayings of the saints’); context must always make clear this is God’s own authoritative word, not sant-poetry — pair with देवाचे where doctrinal precision is required.

Last Days

Approved rendering: अंतिम दिवस
Transliteration: antim divas
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: कलियुग, युग
Original: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις (3:1). Must be presented as linear, unrepeatable, historically terminal time — never assimilated to the Hindu cyclical Yuga framework (especially the degenerating Kali Yuga of Puranic cosmology, which recurs endlessly) nor to a Buddhist decline-of-Dharma narrative.

Godliness

Approved rendering: ईश्वरनिष्ठा
Transliteration: Īśvaraniṣṭhā
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Godliness
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति, भक्तिभाव
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Apostasy

Renders εὐσέβεια, used both positively (3:12, genuine devotion inviting persecution) and negatively (3:5, a hollow ‘form’ of it). Deliberately avoids Warkari bhakti-devotion vocabulary already flagged as a false-friend risk for ‘faith’ in the baseline. Requires theologian review at every occurrence to confirm which sense is active.

Form Of Godliness

Approved rendering: ईश्वरनिष्ठेचे बाह्यरूप, सामर्थ्य नाकारलेले
Transliteration: Īśvaraniṣṭhece bāhyarūp, sāmarthya nākārlele
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας … τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι
Category: Apostasy

Full rendering of μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας … τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι (3:5), the defining diagnostic of false religiosity in the last days. Because this describes a merely outward, hollow imitation of the very devotion vocabulary (ईश्वरनिष्ठा) used positively elsewhere in the same letter (3:12), requires human theologian review on every occurrence to avoid implying a blanket judgment on genuine devotional practice.

Appearing

Approved rendering: प्रकटीकरण
Transliteration: prakaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: अवतरण, पुनरागमन (only for the future sense, not the 1:10 first-appearing sense)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology

Renders ἐπιφάνεια at all three occurrences (1:10, 4:1, 4:8). Must never be assimilated to Vaishnav avatar-descent imagery (Vitthal’s periodic appearances); Christ’s appearing is a unique, final, personal return of the same historical Jesus, not a repeatable divine descent. Keep identical across all three occurrences.

Judge The Living And The Dead

Approved rendering: जिवंतांचा व मृतांचा न्याय करणारा
Transliteration: jivantāṅcā va mṛtāṅcā nyāya karaṇārā
Doctrine: The Final Judgment of Christ
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology

Renders κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς (4:1); Christ’s final, universal, personal judgment of all humanity, must not be softened into a vague ‘sorting out’ or confused with karmic self-adjudication — a cosmic ledger with no personal Judge.

Crown Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: विजयाचा मुकुट (नीतिमत्त्वाचा मुकुट)
Transliteration: vijayācā mukuṭ (nītimattvācā mukuṭ)
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: मुकुट (bare)
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Reward

Renders ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος (4:8). στέφανος is a victor’s athletic wreath, not a royal diadem (διάδημα); Marathi मुकुट ordinarily suggests a king’s royal crown and could wrongly imply Paul is claiming co-regency — requires an explicit qualifying phrase and translator note.

Righteous Judge

Approved rendering: नीतिमान न्यायाधीश
Transliteration: nītimān nyāyādhīś
Doctrine: The Final Judgment of Christ
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Reward

Renders ὁ δίκαιος κριτής (4:8). δίκαιος reuses the नीतिमान root (matching the baseline’s नीतिमान ठरवणे); κριτής is kept lexically distinct from प्रभू and धनी so the judicial role is clearly named.

Repentance

Approved rendering: पश्चात्ताप
Transliteration: paścāttāp
Doctrine: Repentance Granted by God
Rejected alternatives: स्वतःहून केलेला पश्चात्ताप
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation

Renders μετάνοια (2:25), which ‘God may perhaps grant’ to opponents. The divine-gift framing must be preserved, distinguishing repentance from self-generated remorse or a karmic self-correction process achieved through one’s own moral effort.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बातमी, खबर
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Established Marathi Bible term for the one saving proclamation. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:8,10; 2:8-9; 4:5, including Paul’s specific phrase ‘my gospel’ (2:8), which must be read as his specific apostolic proclamation, not one teaching among many on offer in a Warkari or Navayana Buddhist religious marketplace.

Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Personal trust in Christ specifically, not devotional reverence. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy (1:5,13; 2:18,22; 3:8,10,15; 4:7). NOTE: at 4:7 (‘I have kept the faith’) the sense shifts to the body of apostolic belief entrusted to the church, not only personal trust — do not introduce a second, inconsistent Marathi rendering for this shifted sense; keep विश्वास throughout and flag the nuance for reviewers.

Called

Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλῆσις ἁγία (adj. κλητός)
Category: Salvation

Context-sensitive sovereign summons. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:9 as part of the ‘holy calling… not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace’ — must not echo the karma-birth explanation of social station Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected, nor read as a devotee-initiated pilgrimage/vow (Warkari wari) or Buddhist refuge-taking.

Calling

Approved rendering: पाचारण
Transliteration: pācāraṇ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आवाहन
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Noun form for the act/state of being called. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:9, paired with बोलावलेले in the phrase ‘holy calling.‘

Holy

Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Set apart for God and morally pure, not ritual purity. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:9 (holy calling) and 1:14 (Holy Spirit). NOTE: 3:15’s ἱερὰ γράμματα uses a distinct Greek word (ἱερός, not ἅγιος) — both render to the पवित्र word-family in Marathi (पवित्रशास्त्र), but this Greek distinction should be footnoted for reviewers so ἅγιος and ἱερός are not silently treated as identical.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένον
Category: Sanctification

The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy, distinct from ritual purification or Buddhist self-directed ethical cultivation. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:21 (the cleansed ‘vessel for honorable use, sanctified’).

Power Of God

Approved rendering: देवाचे सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God

NEVER शक्ती. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:7 (the Spirit’s gift of ‘power, love, and self-control’) and 1:8 (‘by the power of God, who saved us and called us’).

Election

Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐκλεκτοί (adj., < ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation

God’s sovereign, personal choice. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:10 as the adjective ‘the elect,’ rendered निवडलेले जन (‘chosen people’); must never echo the karma-birth explanation of social standing Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected.

Glory

Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God

God’s radiant honor; avoid light-only imagery merging with enlightenment (bodhi) associations. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:10 (salvation ‘with eternal glory’) and 4:18 (closing doxology).

Seed Of David

Approved rendering: दावीदाच्या वंशातून
Transliteration: Dāvīdācyā vaṃśātūn
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Physical Davidic descent of Christ. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:8, paired with the resurrection as the twin content of ‘my gospel.‘

Man Of God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वराचा माणूस
Transliteration: Parameśvarācā māṇūs
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: देवाचा माणूस, भक्त
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture

OT prophetic title of consecrated ownership/commissioning (Moses, Elijah), applied to the Scripture-equipped minister (3:17). Avoid देव (flattens to ‘a god’s man,’ any deity) and भक्त (implies devotional achievement rather than God’s ownership/commissioning).

Endure Perseverance

Approved rendering: सहनशीलतेने टिकून राहणे
Transliteration: sahanaśīlatene ṭikūn rāhaṇe
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: समभाव राखणे
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering

Renders ὑπομένω (2:12), paired with the promise ‘we will also reign with him.’ Distinguish from Buddhist equanimity/detachment (upekkha); biblical endurance is hope-filled trust toward a future reward with Christ, not detachment from desire.

Persecution

Approved rendering: छळ
Transliteration: chaḷ
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμός
Category: Suffering

Renders διωγμός (3:11-12), suffered by ‘all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus.’ Resonant with Maharashtra’s own history of caste-based persecution — a potential empathetic bridge — but must be anchored specifically to persecution for Christ’s name/gospel, not generalized social suffering.

Poured Out As Drink Offering

Approved rendering: अर्पण होत आहे
Transliteration: arpaṇ hot āhe
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Suffering

Renders σπένδομαι (4:6), sacrificial self-offering imagery for Paul’s approaching martyrdom. अर्पण is common Hindu puja vocabulary for temple/deity offerings; must be clearly framed as Paul’s own life given in service to Christ’s mission, not ritual temple offering — flag for translator note.

Rightly Handling Word Of Truth

Approved rendering: सत्याच्या वचनाचे यथार्थपणे विवरण करणे
Transliteration: satyācyā vacanāce yathārthapaṇe vivaraṇ karaṇe
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομέω τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Doctrine

Renders ὀρθοτομέω τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας (2:15); the hermeneutical mandate for accurate, careful handling of Scripture, contrasted with careless or self-serving interpretation.

Herald Proclamation

Approved rendering: घोषक / घोषित करणे / उद्घोषणा
Transliteration: ghoṣak / ghoṣit karaṇe / udghoṣaṇā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, प्रवचनकार
Original: κήρυξ, κηρύσσω, κήρυγμα
Category: Ministry

Renders κήρυξ, κηρύσσω, κήρυγμα (1:11; 4:17); heraldic authority, not self-attained teaching status.

Fulfill Ministry

Approved rendering: तुझी सेवा पूर्णपणे कर
Transliteration: tujhī sevā pūrṇapaṇe kar
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον
Category: Ministry

Renders τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον (4:5); διακονία parallels the baseline Christ-Centered Ministry सेवाकार्य, and the completion emphasis ties directly to 4:7’s ‘I have finished.‘

The Lords Servant

Approved rendering: प्रभूचा दास
Transliteration: prabhūcā dās
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: प्रभूचा सेवक
Original: δοῦλος κυρίου
Category: Ministry

Renders δοῦλος κυρίου (2:24). दास/servitude vocabulary carries acute historical weight in Maharashtra given the caste-based servitude system Ambedkarite conversion explicitly renounced; frame as voluntary, dignified belonging to a good and liberating Master, explicitly distinct from involuntary caste servitude — flag for theologian/native-speaker sensitivity review at every occurrence.

Depart Oppose Resist

Approved rendering: दूर होणे / विरोध करणे
Transliteration: dūr hoṇe / virodh karaṇe
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀφίστημι / ἀνθίστημι
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἀφίστημι (2:19, positive use: depart from iniquity) and ἀνθίστημι (3:8, Jannes/Jambres opposing Moses). ἀφίστημι shares its root with ἀποστασία (‘apostasy/falling away’); translator notes should flag this wordplay for reviewers even where the immediate use is positive.

Deceiving And Deceived

Approved rendering: फसवणे व फसणे
Transliteration: fasavaṇe va fasaṇe
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: भ्रम निर्माण करणे व भ्रमित होणे
Original: πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι
Category: Apostasy

Renders πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι (3:13); avoids भ्रम-based vocabulary, which carries Hindu Vedantic māyā/cosmic-illusion resonance that would cast deception as a metaphysical illusion-problem rather than a moral/relational one.

Passions Desires

Approved rendering: वासना
Transliteration: vāsanā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: इच्छा (too weak/generic for the technical sense)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἐπιθυμία (2:22; 3:6; 4:3). वासना carries strong Hindu/Buddhist resonance as sensory craving to be extinguished through self-effort; here the concern is desire distorting one’s choice of teachers/doctrine, addressed by God’s grace and truth, not merely self-discipline — flag for translator note at every occurrence.

Disqualified Concerning Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वासाच्या बाबतीत अपात्र
Transliteration: viśvāsācyā bābatīt apātra
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν (3:8), contrasting with δόκιμος (‘approved,’ 2:15); marks the negative pole against the assurance-of-reward doctrine’s positive pole.

Loved Present World

Approved rendering: हे सध्याचे जग आवडल्यामुळे सोडून गेला
Transliteration: he sadhyāce jag āvaḍlyāmuḷe soḍūn gelā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: या युगावर प्रेम करून सोडून गेला
Original: ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα (4:10), Demas’s personal apostasy. αἰών rendered ‘this present world,’ never युग (yug), since युग strongly evokes Hindu cyclical cosmology (the four Yugas, especially the degenerating Kali Yuga).

Truth

Approved rendering: सत्य
Transliteration: satya
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἀλήθεια, the specific apostolic gospel content contrasted with ‘myths’ (4:4) and the object of the ‘knowledge’ some never reach (3:7). सत्य is also central Hindu/Vedantic and Gandhian/Ambedkarite vocabulary (Satyagraha, ‘truth-force’); must always be anchored to the specific apostolic gospel content, not treated as an abstract philosophical absolute open to any path.

Deny

Approved rendering: नाकारणे
Transliteration: nākāraṇe
Doctrine: Union with Christ in Suffering and Glory
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy

Renders ἀρνέομαι (2:12), ‘if we deny him, he will also deny us.’ Must be handled alongside 2:13’s assurance that God ‘remains faithful’ even when we are faithless, to avoid implying salvation is lost through momentary weakness rather than willful, sustained apostasy — flag for theologian review.

Life And Immortality

Approved rendering: जीवन आणि अविनाशित्व
Transliteration: jīvan āṇi avināśitva
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: आत्म्याचे अमरत्व
Original: ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology

Renders ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία (1:10). Must not be read as Hindu ātman-immortality (an inherently undying individual soul) nor collapse into a vague ‘afterlife’; this is bodily resurrection life secured specifically by Christ.

Laid Up Reserved

Approved rendering: राखून ठेवलेला आहे
Transliteration: rākhūn ṭhevlelā āhe
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀπόκειταί μοι
Category: Reward

Renders ἀπόκειταί μοι (4:8). Must not be phrased so as to echo a self-accumulated karma-ledger of merit; the reward rests entirely in God’s own secure keeping, following a life already saved by कृपा.

Repay According To Deeds

Approved rendering: कृतीप्रमाणे प्रतिफळ देईल
Transliteration: kṛtīpramāṇe pratiphaḷ deīl
Doctrine: The Final Judgment of Christ
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ देईल
Original: ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Category: Reward

Renders ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ (4:14), the negative counterpart to the positive reward of 4:8. Must never be rendered agentlessly (agentless phrasing invites a karma-ledger reading); always name the personal agent (प्रभू/न्यायाधीश) doing the rewarding.

Purpose

Approved rendering: संकल्प
Transliteration: saṅkalp
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace, Not Works
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: Salvation

Renders πρόθεσις (1:9; cf. 3:10), God’s own eternal purpose and grace given in Christ before time. Must not echo नशीब/दैव/कर्मफळ (fate/destiny/karma-fruit), consistent with the baseline election/providence cautions regarding the caste-karma framework Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected.

Knowledge Of The Truth

Approved rendering: सत्याचे ज्ञान
Transliteration: satyāce jñān
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith

Renders ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (2:25; 3:7). ज्ञान carries heavy Hindu jnana-marga (path of liberating knowledge) and Buddhist prajna (enlightenment insight) resonance; must always be anchored explicitly to knowing the specific truth of the gospel relationally, not a free-standing mystical realization attained through one’s own contemplative effort.

Vessel For Honorable Use

Approved rendering: सन्मानाचे साधन, पवित्र केलेले, उपयोगी
Transliteration: sanmānāce sādhan, pavitra kelele, upayogī
Doctrine: Personal Holiness as a Vessel for the Master’s Use
Original: σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἡγιασμένον, εὔχρηστον
Category: Sanctification

Renders σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἡγιασμένον, εὔχρηστον (2:20-21), a vessel set apart, sanctified, and useful to the Master, achieved by cleansing oneself from dishonorable associations. Pairs with sanctification (पवित्रीकरण) and master (धनी).

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Established Marathi Christian term; avoid गुरू (self-attained teaching authority). Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:1,11 (Paul’s self-designation, paired with ‘preacher’ and ‘teacher’).

Gentiles

Approved rendering: अन्यजातीय
Transliteration: anyajātīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Non-Jewish peoples. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 4:17 (‘that all the Gentiles might hear’).

David

Approved rendering: दावीद
Transliteration: Dāvīd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Established proper name form. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 2:8.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: देवाचे राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरी राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία (αὐτοῦ / ἐπουράνιος)
Category: Kingdom

God’s sovereign reign, not a territorial or political kingdom. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 4:1 (‘by his appearing and his kingdom’) and 4:18 (‘his heavenly kingdom’).

Peace

Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती

Relational peace through justification, not inner calm sought through bhakti meditation or mindfulness practice. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:2 (epistolary greeting) and underlies 2:22 (pursue peace).

Scripture Reproof

Approved rendering: दोष दाखवणे
Transliteration: doṣ dākhavṇe
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐλεγμός
Category: Scripture

Renders ἐλεγμός in the fourfold sufficiency formula (3:16); Scripture actively exposes sin/error, not merely informs. Render consistently wherever this formula recurs.

Scripture Correction

Approved rendering: सुधारणा
Transliteration: sudhāraṇā
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture

Renders ἐπανόρθωσις (3:16); avoid political ‘reform movement’ connotations, keep the personal/moral register.

Scripture Training

Approved rendering: प्रशिक्षण
Transliteration: praśikṣaṇ
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: παιδεία
Category: Scripture

Renders παιδεία (3:16); must convey loving, formative discipline, not harsh punishment alone, echoing Timothy’s lifelong formation ‘from childhood’ (3:15).

Equipped For Every Good Work

Approved rendering: पूर्णपणे सुसज्ज
Transliteration: pūrṇapaṇe susajja
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἄρτιος, ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture

Renders ἄρτιος / ἐξηρτισμένος (3:17); anchors the sufficiency doctrine — Scripture alone produces a fully adequate minister needing no additional revelation source.

Quarrel About Words

Approved rendering: शब्दांवरून होणारा वाद
Transliteration: śabdāṃvarūn hoṇārā vād
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχία
Category: Doctrine

Renders λογομαχία (2:14); unproductive doctrinal disputes over terminology that damage hearers.

Profane Babbling

Approved rendering: अपवित्र व्यर्थ बडबड
Transliteration: apavitra vyarth baḍbaḍ
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Doctrine

Renders βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι (2:16-17), contrasted with sound teaching, of which Paul warns ‘will spread like gangrene.‘

Faithful Men

Approved rendering: विश्वासू माणसे
Transliteration: viśvāsū māṇase
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Transmission

Renders πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι (2:2); the qualification for receiving transmitted doctrine is proven trustworthiness, not merely willingness.

Assured From Whom Learned

Approved rendering: कोणाकडून शिकलास हे जाणून खात्री पटली आहे
Transliteration: koṇākaḍūn śiklās he jāṇūn khātrī paṭlī āhe
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἐπιστώθης εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες
Category: Transmission

Renders ἐπιστώθης εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες (3:14). Timothy’s assurance rests on a known, traceable human chain (Lois, Eunice, Paul), not an anonymous or mystical guru-lineage source of authority; must not collapse into विश्वास alone.

Reprove Rebuke Exhort

Approved rendering: दोष निदर्शनास आण, कठोरपणे समज दे, उत्तेजन दे
Transliteration: doṣ nidarśanās āṇ, kaṭhorpaṇe samaj de, uttejan de
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἔλεγξον, ἐπιτίμησον, παρακάλεσον
Category: Ministry

Renders ἔλεγξον, ἐπιτίμησον, παρακάλεσον (4:2), the threefold ministry of the word, all ‘with complete patience and teaching.’ παρακαλέω reuses the baseline exhort entry.

Master

Approved rendering: धनी
Transliteration: dhanī
Doctrine: Personal Holiness as a Vessel for the Master’s Use
Rejected alternatives: प्रभू
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Ministry

Renders δεσπότης (2:21), household owner/master; kept lexically distinct from प्रभू, reserved exclusively for κύριος, so the household-vessel metaphor does not blur with direct address to Christ’s Lordship.

Myths

Approved rendering: दंतकथा
Transliteration: dantkathā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy

Renders μῦθοι (4:4); must be understood narrowly as the false teachers’ invented tales, not as a blanket dismissal of the audience’s own traditional narrative literature (Puranic tales, Jataka stories, etc.) — translator note required.

Itching Ears

Approved rendering: कान खाजवणारी गोष्ट ऐकण्याची इच्छा
Transliteration: kān khājavaṇārī goṣṭa aikaṇyācī icchā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy

Renders κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν (4:3); no direct one-word Marathi idiom exists, so a literal-plus-explanatory phrase preserves the ‘craving novelty over truth’ sense.

Snare Of The Devil

Approved rendering: सैतानाचा सापळा
Transliteration: Saitānācā sāpaḷā
Doctrine: Repentance Granted by God
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Apostasy

Renders παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου (2:26). διάβολος rendered सैतान, the established Marathi Christian term for a personal adversary, not an impersonal force.

Satan

Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: Saitān
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: भूत, असुर

Established Marathi Christian term for a personal, historical adversary (2:26), not an impersonal force or a generic mythological demon category.

Mercy

Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Divine Faithfulness despite Human Unfaithfulness
Rejected alternatives: करुणा
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God

Renders ἔλεος (1:2,16,18). Distinct from कृपा (grace as unmerited gift) — mercy withholds deserved judgment. Must be distinguished from generic cultivated compassion (करुणा, prominent in Buddhist ethics); biblical mercy originates in God’s character toward sinners, not a practitioner’s cultivated attitude.

Conscience

Approved rendering: विवेकबुद्धी
Transliteration: vivekabuddhī
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification

Renders συνείδησις (1:3), the inward moral faculty by which Paul serves God ‘with a clear conscience.’ विवेक is also a term of art in Hindu/Buddhist discernment-toward-liberation vocabulary; must be anchored to a personal moral record before a personal God, not a step on a self-attained path.

Love

Approved rendering: प्रीती
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: Union with Christ in Suffering and Glory
Rejected alternatives: प्रेम
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith

Renders ἀγάπη (1:7; 2:22; 4:8), part of the Spirit’s threefold gift, a virtue to pursue, and a mark of those who await Christ’s appearing. Must be distinguished from the Radha-Krishna/Vaishnav bhakti romantic-devotional ‘प्रेम’ tradition prominent in Maharashtra’s devotional literature.

Ashamed

Approved rendering: लाज वाटणे
Transliteration: lāj vāṭaṇe
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Faith

Renders ἐπαισχύνομαι (1:8,12,16), Timothy charged not to be ashamed of the gospel testimony or of Paul’s imprisonment. Honor/shame dynamics are culturally live in Maharashtra; frame this as courage before God, not mere social defiance.

Low Risk Terms

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: उपकारस्तुती
Transliteration: upakārastutī
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / χάριν ἔχω
Category: Faith

Standard term, minor risk. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 1:3.

Exhort

Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणे
Transliteration: uttejan deṇe
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Context-sensitive: entreaty or encouragement. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Timothy at 4:2, one of the threefold charge (reprove, rebuke, exhort).

In Season Out Of Season

Approved rendering: वेळी-अवेळी
Transliteration: veḷī-aveḷī
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Ministry

Renders εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως (4:2); natural Marathi idiom for constant readiness regardless of circumstance.

Teacher

Approved rendering: शिक्षक
Transliteration: śikṣak
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: गुरू
Original: διδάσκαλος / διδάσκαλοι
Category: Ministry

Renders διδάσκαλος (1:11; 4:3); distinguish from गुरू (self-attained teaching authority) per the baseline apostle entry’s logic.

Timothy

Approved rendering: तीमथ्य
Transliteration: Tīmathya
Doctrine: Proper Name

Established transliteration for the letter’s recipient, used throughout.

Onesiphorus

Approved rendering: उनेसिफरास
Transliteration: Unesipharās
Doctrine: Proper Name

1:16; 4:19.

Hymenaeus

Approved rendering: हुमनाय
Transliteration: Humanāya
Doctrine: Proper Name

2:17, one of the named false teachers regarding the resurrection.

Philetus

Approved rendering: फिलेत
Transliteration: Philet
Doctrine: Proper Name

2:17.

Demas

Approved rendering: देमास
Transliteration: Demās
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:10, the case-study of personal apostasy.

Alexander

Approved rendering: अलेक्सांद्र
Transliteration: Aleksāndra
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:14, the coppersmith.

Crescens

Approved rendering: क्रेस्केस
Transliteration: Kreskes
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:10.

Titus

Approved rendering: तीत
Transliteration: Tīt
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:10.

Lois

Approved rendering: लोइस
Transliteration: Lois
Doctrine: Proper Name

1:5, Timothy’s grandmother, part of the faithful-transmission lineage.

Eunice

Approved rendering: युनीके
Transliteration: Yunīke
Doctrine: Proper Name

1:5, Timothy’s mother, part of the faithful-transmission lineage.

Priscilla Prisca

Approved rendering: प्रिस्किल्ला
Transliteration: Priskillā
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:19.

Aquila

Approved rendering: अक्विला
Transliteration: Akvilā
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:19.

Erastus

Approved rendering: इरास्त
Transliteration: Irāst
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:20.

Trophimus

Approved rendering: त्रफिम
Transliteration: Traphim
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:20.

Carpus

Approved rendering: कार्प
Transliteration: Kārpa
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:13.

Eubulus

Approved rendering: युबुलस
Transliteration: Yubulas
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:21.

Pudens

Approved rendering: पुदेस
Transliteration: Pudes
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:21.

Linus

Approved rendering: लीन
Transliteration: Līn
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:21.

Claudia

Approved rendering: क्लौदिया
Transliteration: Klaudiyā
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:21.

Ephesus

Approved rendering: इफिस
Transliteration: Ipis
Doctrine: Proper Name

1:18; 4:12.

Troas

Approved rendering: त्रोवस
Transliteration: Trovas
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:13.

Miletus

Approved rendering: मिलेत
Transliteration: Milet
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:20.

Galatia

Approved rendering: गलतिया
Transliteration: Galatiyā
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:10.

Dalmatia

Approved rendering: दाल्मतिया
Transliteration: Dālmatiyā
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:10.

Thessalonica

Approved rendering: थेस्सलनीका
Transliteration: Thessalanīkā
Doctrine: Proper Name

4:10.

Jannes And Jambres

Approved rendering: यान्नेस व यांब्रेस
Transliteration: Yānnes va Yāmbres
Doctrine: Proper Name

3:8, the Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses, cited as a type of those who oppose the truth.

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