Core Glossary

08 — Core Glossary: 1 Peter

Table 1 — Reused Baseline Terms (Romans → 1 Peter, unchanged)

#	English Term	Marathi Rendering	Risk (baseline)	Doctrine Link in 1 Peter	Key Passages
1	Grace	कृपा	Critical	Grace sustaining suffering; grace given to elders/humble	1:2, 1:10, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12
2	Faith	विश्वास	High	Tested faith; guarded through faith; resisting devil “firm in faith”	1:5, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9
3	Salvation	तारण	Critical	Salvation of souls; salvation ready to be revealed	1:5, 1:9, 1:10
4	Resurrection	पुनरुत्थान	Critical	Living hope through resurrection; baptism through resurrection	1:3, 1:21, 3:21
5	Lord	प्रभू	Critical	Christ as Lord; “sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts”	1:3, 3:15
6	Holy	पवित्र	High	”Be holy in all your conduct”; Holy Spirit	1:15-16, 1:2, 1:12
7	Sanctification	पवित्रीकरण	High	Sanctification of the Spirit	1:2
8	Glory	गौरव	High	Sufferings then glories; Spirit of glory; unfading crown of glory	1:7-8, 1:11, 4:14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10
9	Power of God	देवाचे सामर्थ्य	High	Guarded by the power of God	1:5
10	God	परमेश्वर	Critical	Throughout	Throughout
11	Holy Spirit	पवित्र आत्मा	Critical	Sanctification of the Spirit; Spirit of glory	1:2, 1:12, 4:14
12	Father	पिता	Critical	God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ	1:2, 1:3, 1:17
13	Jesus	येशू	Critical	Throughout	Throughout
14	Sin	पाप	High	”Committed no sin”; “bore our sins”	2:22, 2:24, 3:18, 4:8
15	Called / Calling	बोलावलेले / पाचारण	High	Called to inherit a blessing; called out of darkness; God of all grace who called you	2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10
16	Election	देवाची निवड	High	”Elect exiles”; foreknowledge of God	1:1-2
17	Righteousness	नीतिमत्त्व	Critical	Suffering for righteousness’ sake; “righteous for the unrighteous”	2:24, 3:14, 3:18
18	Gospel	शुभवर्तमान	High	Gospel preached to you; gospel preached to the dead	1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17
19	Peace	शांती	Medium	Closing benediction	5:14
20	Spiritual Gifts	आत्मिक कृपादान	Medium	Each has received a gift; stewards of God’s grace	4:10
21	Church (implicit: household of God)	मंडळी (contextual; “household of God” रендered ओईकोस below)	Medium	Judgment beginning at the household of God	4:17
22	Providence	देवाचे विधान	High	Entrusting souls to a faithful Creator	4:19, 5:7
23	Fellowship	सहभागिता	Low	Sharing in Christ’s sufferings	4:13
24	Prophet	संदेष्टा	Low	Prophets who prophesied of this grace	1:10

Table 2 — New Terms Introduced by 1 Peter (require Phase 1 Step 2 registration)

#	English Term	Greek	Marathi Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Rejected Alternatives	Grounded Risk Reason
1	Born again / new birth (regeneration)	ἀναγεννάω / ἀναγέννησις	नवा जन्म देणे (v.) / नवजन्म (n.)	Critical	Living Hope of the Resurrection	पुनर्जन्म	पुनर्जन्म already forbidden in the baseline for “resurrection” due to its Hindu reincarnation sense; the danger is arguably greater here since “born again” sounds even more like a rebirth claim. नवजन्म must be taught as a single, Spirit-given transformation of the same person, not another turn of a karmic birth-cycle.
2	Living hope	ἐλπὶς ζῶσα	जिवंत आशा	High	Living Hope of the Resurrection	आशा (alone)	आशा alone reads as generic wishing/expectation in everyday Marathi; without “जिवंत” it loses its anchor in the historical resurrection and risks collapsing into fatalistic or devotional-longing hope.
3	Inheritance	κληρονομία	वारसा	High	Living Hope of the Resurrection	वतन	वतन names Maharashtra’s historical caste-linked hereditary land/office system (watandari); using it would make the believer’s inheritance sound like a caste-based hereditary entitlement rather than a freely given gift of grace.
4	Guarded (by God’s power)	φρουρέω	सुरक्षित राखलेले	High	Living Hope of the Resurrection / Assurance	स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने राखलेले	The passive voice must show God as the guard, not the believer’s own ascetic vigilance (tapasya-style self-discipline); losing the passive sense risks a self-effort reading.
5	Trial / testing	πειρασμός, δοκίμιον	परीक्षा	High	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	तपस्या	Must be distinguished from self-chosen ascetic trial (tapasyā) undertaken to earn spiritual merit; these are God-permitted, externally imposed trials refining a faith already given by grace.
6	Suffer / suffering (πάσχω / πάθημα word-family)	πάσχω, πάθημα	दुःख सोसणे / दुःखभोग	Critical	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	निर्वाण-अनुषंगी अर्थ टाळणे (avoid nirvāṇa-adjacent framing)	दुःख (duḥkha) is the single most important technical term of Buddhist doctrine (the First Noble Truth: all existence is duḥkha, to be escaped by the Eightfold Path). Every occurrence in 1 Peter must be explicitly anchored to its cause (righteousness/injustice) and its outcome (grace, glory, resurrection) so it is never read as generic, escapable existence-suffering. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
7	Ransom / redeem	λυτρόω	मुक्त करणे / खंडणी देऊन सोडवणे	Critical	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	मोक्ष, मुक्ती	Baseline already forbids मोक्ष/मुक्ती for “salvation” because they name Warkari-Hindu bhakti-attained liberation; the same danger applies to “redeemed” here. Must keep Christ as the explicit agent and his blood as the explicit price in the same sentence/footnote.
8	Precious blood / unblemished lamb	τίμιον αἷμα, ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος	मौल्यवान रक्त / निर्दोष कोकरू	High	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	—	कोकरू is already the established Marathi Christian term (cf. “देवाचे कोकरू,” John 1:29); risk is ensuring “unblemished” is read as final, once-for-all sacrificial qualification, not a repeatable ritual-purity requirement.
9	Bore our sins (on the tree)	ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον	(स्वतः) पापे वाहणे … वृक्षावर/क्रुसावर	Critical	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	कर्मफळ हस्तांतरण (karmic-transfer framing)	This is the clearest single substitutionary-atonement verse in 1 Peter: a real transfer of guilt onto an innocent substitute, historically and bodily, not an impersonal karmic transfer between lives or a merely exemplary moral lesson.
10	Once for all	ἅπαξ	एकदाच	Critical	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	पुनःपुन्हा (repeatedly)	Must rigorously exclude any sense of repeated sacrifice, a cycle of rebirths/re-deaths, or an ongoing propitiatory ritual; this is a single, final, historical event.
11	Holy priesthood / royal priesthood	ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα	पवित्र याजकवर्ग / राजकीय याजकवर्ग	Critical	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	पुरोहित, भट	पुरोहित/भट are tied to hereditary Brahmin priestly caste status in Hindu tradition — the very gatekeeping structure Ambedkarite Buddhists explicitly rejected in 1956. Every believer, regardless of caste background, is already a priest with direct access to God; this claim must be translated with full anti-hierarchical force, never softened into language suggesting a new religious elite.
12	Chosen race / people	γένος ἐκλεκτόν	निवडलेले लोक (preferred) / निवडलेला वंश (avoid where possible)	High	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	निवडलेला वंश (as primary rendering)	वंश ties closely to caste-lineage identity in Marathi; preferring “लोक” (people) over “वंश” (lineage/race) avoids implying a new hereditary in-group replicating caste logic.
13	Holy nation	ἔθνος ἅγιον	पवित्र प्रजा (preferred) / पवित्र राष्ट्र (avoid)	Critical	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	पवित्र राष्ट्र	राष्ट्र is highly charged in contemporary Indian political discourse (cf. the contested Hindutva “Hindu Rāṣṭra” concept); पवित्र राष्ट्र risks being heard as endorsing religio-political nationalism rather than a spiritual, covenantal identity under God’s reign.
14	Spiritual house	οἶκος πνευματικός	आत्मिक घर	High	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	मंदिर, देऊळ	Consistent with baseline’s caution on “church”: never render with Hindu temple vocabulary.
15	Submit / submission	ὑποτάσσω	अधीन होणे / अधीनता	High	Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance	—	Must never be taught in a way that appears to endorse the unjust social submission historically demanded of lower-caste and Dalit communities — a subordination this audience’s Ambedkarite Buddhist background explicitly rejected. This is a voluntary, Christlike, gospel-motivated posture modeled on Christ’s own submission to unjust suffering, never a justification of caste hierarchy.
16	Domineering / lording it over (negative)	κατακυριεύω	सत्ता गाजवणे (नकारात्मक अर्थ)	High	Elders and Humility	—	Explicit NT prohibition of domineering, caste-lord-style authority in church leadership; must not be softened.
17	Elders	πρεσβύτεροι	वडीलजन / सहवडील	High	Elders and Humility	पंच (village panchayat elder)	Must be distinguished from the caste-linked village पंचायत council of elders and from Buddhist monastic seniority (thera); these are servant-shepherds accountable to Christ, not a caste-authority body.
18	Shepherd / Overseer / Chief Shepherd	ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος / ἀρχιποίμην	मेंढपाळ / अध्यक्ष-पर्यवेक्षक / मुख्य मेंढपाळ	Medium-High	Elders and Humility	—	Establishes consistent pastoral-office vocabulary across chs. 2 and 5.
19	Humility / humble-minded	ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινός	नम्रता / नम्रचित्त	High	Elders and Humility	—	Must be distinguished from the imposed deference historically demanded of lower-caste persons under caste hierarchy; 1 Peter’s humility is mutual and freely chosen among equals, modeled on Christ, not an externally imposed social posture.
20	Gentle and quiet spirit	πραΰς καὶ ἡσύχιος πνεῦμα	सौम्य व शांत आत्मा	High	Holiness in Conduct	—	Must be presented as a freely chosen Christlike virtue, not a warrant for enforced female silence or caste-style submissiveness.
21	Conduct / manner of life	ἀναστροφή	आचरण	High	Holiness in Conduct	—	Must convey lived, observable behavior consistently across all its occurrences (1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16), not mere inward disposition or ritual conformity.
22	Futile way of life from forefathers	πατροπαράδοτος ματαία ἀναστροφή	पूर्वजांकडून मिळालेले व्यर्थ आचरण	High	Holiness in Conduct	—	Resonates powerfully, and must be handled with pastoral sensitivity, for converts (Ambedkarite Buddhist and Warkari-background alike) who have themselves left ancestral religious practice; frame as redemption from a specific futile pattern, not blanket denigration of all ancestral culture.
23	Spirits in prison / proclaimed	πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ / ἐκήρυξεν	तुरुंगातील आत्मे / घोषणा केली	Critical	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (3:18-22)	भूत-प्रेत, प्रेत (Buddhist hungry-ghost realm)	“Spirits” easily evokes folk-Hindu ancestor-ghosts requiring appeasement, or the Buddhist preta (hungry-ghost) rebirth-realm. Must be flagged with a translator’s note: not ancestor veneration, not a rebirth-realm reference, not a “second chance for the dead” doctrine — Christ’s singular proclamation of victory tied to Noah’s day. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
24	Baptism as antitype	ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα	बाप्तिस्मा (प्रतिरूप/अनुरूप चिन्ह)	High	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits / Sacramental theology	—	Must never suggest the water ritual itself is magically efficacious, in a cultural context with prominent ritual-bathing traditions (e.g., Chandrabhaga river bathing at Pandharpur); the passage itself defines baptism as “an appeal to God for a good conscience,” not physical cleansing.
25	Appeal/pledge of a good conscience	ἐπερώτημα συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς	चांगल्या विवेकबुद्धीसाठी विनंती	High	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	—	Legal/contractual pledge sense; must not be flattened to a vague “prayer” losing its Godward, conscience-oriented specificity.
26	Entrust (souls) to a faithful Creator	παρατίθημι πιστῷ κτίστῃ	विश्वासू निर्माणकर्त्याकडे सोपवणे	High	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Providence	नशीबावर सोडणे (leave to fate)	Must be understood as an active, trusting deposit with a personal, faithful, providential God (cf. baseline देवाचे विधान), not fatalistic resignation.
27	Once-for-all defense (of hope)	ἀπολογία	उत्तर / बचाव	Medium	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	माफी (apology/sorry)	ἀπολογία is a reasoned legal-style defense, not an apology in the everyday Marathi sense of expressing regret.
28	Fiery ordeal / trial	πύρωσις	अग्निपरीक्षा	Medium-High	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	—	अग्निपरीक्षा resonantly echoes the itihasa/epic “trial by fire” motif (e.g., Sita’s agni-parīkṣā); intended sense (severe refining ordeal) is apt, but must not import that narrative’s specific chastity-vindication association.
29	Sprinkling of the blood (covenant application)	ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος	रक्ताचे शिंपण	High	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	—	OT covenant-ratification background (Exodus 24) needed; must not be assimilated to ongoing animal-sacrifice/blood-offering folk-religious practices still present in parts of Maharashtra.
30	Chosen sojourners / exiles	ἐκλεκτοὶ παρεπίδημοι	निवडलेले प्रवासी	High	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Living Hope	—	Positive doctrinal opportunity for readers with lived experience of social marginality (e.g., Dalit communities pre/post the 1956 conversion) — reframes marginal status as belonging to God’s dispersed people; must not read as endorsing permanent social exclusion or resignation to injustice.
31	God of all grace who restores	ὀλίγον παθόντας … καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει	थोडा वेळ दुःख सोसल्यावर … सावरील, स्थिर करील, बलवान करील, पायावर उभे करील	High	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	—	Must pair suffering’s temporariness (“a little while”) tightly with the certainty of God’s four-verb restorative action so suffering is never read as a permanent existential condition (cf. दुःख caution, item 6).
32	Judge of the living and the dead	κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	जिवंत आणि मृत यांचा न्याय	High	Christlike Endurance / Eschatology	कर्मानुसार न्याय (karma-based judgment)	Must be personal accountability before a personal Judge, not an impersonal karmic-ledger accounting across lifetimes.
33	Household of God (judgment beginning there)	οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ	देवाचे घराणे	Medium-High	Elders and Humility / Church	—	Reinforces the “family/household” frame for the church distinct from a caste or ritual-institution identity.
34	Living stone	λίθος ζῶν	जिवंत दगड	Medium	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	—	Applied first to Christ, then to believers corporately; keep consistent across 2:4-8.

Table 3 — Cross-Chapter Consistency Notes

Requirement	Rationale
दुःख सोसणे / दुःखभोग must be used identically for every occurrence of πάσχω/πάθημα across chs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5	1 Peter’s central theme is suffering; inconsistent rendering would fracture the doctrine’s coherence and increase risk of Buddhist-dukkha conflation in some occurrences but not others
आचरण must be used identically for every occurrence of ἀναστροφή (1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16)	“Holiness in Conduct” doctrine depends on a single consistent term for “conduct/manner of life”
मेंढपाळ / अध्यक्ष-पर्यवेक्षक must be used identically in 2:25 and throughout ch. 5	Establishes the shepherd-elder link central to “Elders and Humility”
नम्रता must be used identically in 3:4, 3:8, and 5:5-6	”Elders and Humility” doctrine depends on recognizing this as one recurring theme, not three unrelated ideas
वारसा (never वतन) must be used identically for κληρονομία in 1:4 and any related inheritance language in 3:7, 3:9	Prevents caste/watandari-system connotation from entering at some occurrences and not others
पवित्र याजकवर्ग / राजकीय याजकवर्ग must be used only for ἱεράτευμα, never abbreviated to याजक alone in a way that could read as a special sub-class among believers	”Royal priesthood” is corporate and universal to all believers — abbreviation risks re-introducing a priestly-elite reading
Every occurrence of “spirits in prison” (3:19) and “gospel preached to the dead” (4:6) must carry an identical translator’s note flag for theologian review	These are the two most doctrinally hazardous verses in the book for this audience and must not be resolved differently in different documents

This glossary is a companion artifact to analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md. All Table 2 terms require formal registration into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json (1 Peter extension) before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the Pre-flight Checklist in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter, grace additionally names God’s undeserved favor sustaining believers through unjust suffering (1:10; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5,10,12) — never a reward for enduring hardship well, and never earned by ascetic self-cultivation.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: nītimattva
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter, righteousness is the specific cause for which believers suffer (2:24; 3:14,18) — ‘righteous for the unrighteous’ — never a duty performed to accumulate merit.

Salvation

Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter, salvation is the guarded, future-revealed outcome of tested faith (1:5,9,10) — never a self-attained liberation reached through bhakti devotion or dissolution of craving.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter it is the ground of the ‘living hope’ (1:3) and of baptism’s meaning (3:21) — the same historical, bodily, once-for-all event, never rebirth.

Lord

Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 3:15 (‘sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts’) requires the same exclusive, presently-reigning sense as Romans 10:9.

God

Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout 1 Peter for the Father who raised Christ (1:21) and who is the ‘faithful Creator’ (4:19).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:12, and 4:14 (‘Spirit of glory and of God’) affirm the Spirit’s personal, divine identity.

Father

Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:2-3, 1:17 opens with ‘God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.‘

Jesus

Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout 1 Peter.

Christ

Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Deity of Christ

Inherited from Romans package (established transliteration standard recorded in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration list, not previously given its own translation_memory entry). Used extensively throughout 1 Peter — ‘Jesus Christ’ (1:1-3), ‘sufferings of Christ’ (1:11; 4:13; 5:1), ‘Spirit of Christ’ (1:11), ‘in Christ’ (3:16; 5:10,14). Registered here as a standalone entry for full-book consistency.

New Birth

Approved rendering: नवजन्म / नवा जन्म देणे
Transliteration: navajanma / navā janma deṇe
Doctrine: New Birth and Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀναγεννάω / ἀναγέννησις
Category: Salvation

NEW TERM. NEVER पुनर्जन्म — already forbidden for ‘resurrection’ due to its Hindu reincarnation sense, and the danger is arguably greater here since ‘born again’ sounds even more like a rebirth claim. नवजन्म must be taught as a single, Spirit-given transformation of the same person by God’s mercy (1:3), reinforced by the imperishable-seed image (1:23), never another turn of a karmic birth-cycle. Mandatory translator’s note at every occurrence.

Suffering

Approved rendering: दुःख सोसणे / दुःखभोग
Transliteration: duḥkha sosaṇe / duḥkhabhog
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: bare दुःख, क्लेश
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. दुःख (duḥkha) is the single most important technical term in Buddhist doctrine (the First Noble Truth: all existence is duḥkha, to be escaped via the Eightfold Path); क्लेश is worse still (a Buddhist technical term for mental afflictions to be extinguished). Every occurrence across 1 Peter (1:6-7; 2:19-20; 3:14-17; 4:1,12-19; 5:9-10) must be explicitly anchored to its specific cause (injustice/righteousness) and its outcome (grace, glory, resurrection), never generic, escapable existence-suffering. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.

Ransom Redeem

Approved rendering: मुक्त करणे / खंडणी देऊन सोडवणे
Transliteration: mukta karaṇe / khaṇḍaṇī deūn soḍavaṇe
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. NEVER मोक्ष or मुक्ती — already forbidden under the baseline for ‘salvation’ as Warkari-Hindu bhakti-attained liberation; the same danger applies to ‘redeemed/ransomed’ (1:18-19). Christ as agent and his blood as the explicit price must remain visible in the same sentence/footnote so the reader cannot mistake this for self-attained liberation.

Bore Our Sins

Approved rendering: स्वतः पापे वाहणे … क्रुसावर
Transliteration: svataḥ pāpe vāhaṇe … kruṣāvar
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ हस्तांतरण-style phrasing
Original: ὃς τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christology

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. This is the clearest single substitutionary-atonement statement in 1 Peter (2:24): a real, historical, bodily transfer of guilt onto an innocent substitute, never an impersonal karmic transfer of consequence between lives, and never merely a moral example.

Once For All

Approved rendering: एकदाच
Transliteration: ekadāc
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: पुनःपुन्हा
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. एकदाच (3:18) must be preserved rigorously to exclude any sense of repeated sacrifice, a cycle of rebirths/re-deaths, or an ongoing propitiatory ritual; this is a single, final, historical event.

Holy Royal Priesthood

Approved rendering: पवित्र याजकवर्ग / राजकीय याजकवर्ग
Transliteration: pavitra yājakvarg / rājakīya yājakvarg
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: पुरोहित, भट
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. Use याजक (yājak), the established Marathi Christian term for ‘priest’; NEVER पुरोहित or भट, both tied to hereditary Brahmin priestly-caste status — the very gatekeeping structure Ambedkarite Buddhists explicitly rejected in the 1956 conversion. 1 Peter 2:5,9’s claim that every believer already has direct priestly access, regardless of caste background, must be translated with full anti-hierarchical force, never softened into language suggesting a new religious elite.

Holy Nation

Approved rendering: पवित्र प्रजा
Transliteration: pavitra prajā
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: पवित्र राष्ट्र
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. राष्ट्र (‘nation’) is highly charged in contemporary Indian political discourse (cf. the contested Hindutva ‘Hindu Rāṣṭra’ concept); पवित्र राष्ट्र (2:9) risks being heard as endorsing religio-political nationalism. पवित्र प्रजा (‘holy people/subjects of God’s reign’) is required, with a translator’s note recommended at every occurrence.

Spirits In Prison

Approved rendering: तुरुंगातील आत्मे
Transliteration: turuṅgātīl ātme
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: भूत-प्रेत, प्रेत
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Christology

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. ‘Spirits’ easily evokes (a) भूत-प्रेत, folk-Hindu ancestor-ghosts requiring appeasement/exorcism, or (b) the Buddhist प्रेत (preta) hungry-ghost rebirth-realm. Requires a mandatory translator’s note at every occurrence (3:19-20) clarifying: not ancestor veneration, not a rebirth-realm reference, not a doctrine of a ‘second chance’ for the dead — Christ’s singular proclamation of victory tied to Noah’s day. Theologian review required at every occurrence.

Gospel Preached To Dead

Approved rendering: मृतांना शुभवर्तमान गाजवले गेले
Transliteration: mṛtānnā śubhavartamān gājavle gele
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Eschatology

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. Must not be over-resolved into a general doctrine of a ‘second chance after death’ (4:6), which is not clearly taught elsewhere in Scripture; requires the same theologian-review flag as 3:19 at every occurrence, and must reuse शुभवर्तमान exactly for the gospel term itself.

Angels Authorities Subjected

Approved rendering: देवदूत, अधिकार व सामर्थ्ये त्याच्या अधीन केलेली
Transliteration: devadūt, adhikār va sāmarthye tyācyā adhīn kelelī
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων αὐτῷ
Category: Christology

CRITICAL — NEW TERM. Reinforces the baseline’s exclusive Lordship of Christ doctrine (3:22); must convey Christ’s supreme, undiminished authority over every spiritual power, not a shared or contested cosmic hierarchy.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बातमी, खबर
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter used at 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 — including the disputed ‘gospel preached to the dead’ (4:6), which requires the same theologian-review flag as 3:19’s ‘spirits in prison.‘

Faith

Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter, faith is specifically tested faith (1:7,9), proven genuine through trial and firm against the devil (5:9) — not devotional piety (bhakti/shraddha) directed at a devotional deity.

Holy

Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:15-16 (‘be holy in all your conduct’) makes holiness an observable, everyday behavioral standard, not ritual purity.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:2 names this as one part of the letter’s Trinitarian opening formula (Father’s foreknowledge, Spirit’s sanctification, Son’s blood).

Glory

Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Recurs heavily in 1 Peter’s suffering-then-glory pattern (1:7-8,11; 4:14; 5:1,4,10); avoid light-only imagery that could merge with unrelated divine-radiance or enlightenment (bodhi) associations.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: देवाचे सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter 1:5 God’s सामर्थ्य (never शक्ती, the Shakti/mother-goddess-tradition term) guards believers unto salvation.

Sin

Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 2:22 (Christ ‘committed no sin’) and 2:24, 3:18, 4:8 all depend on this exact rendering for the substitutionary-suffering doctrine to cohere.

Called

Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 use this for God’s call out of darkness into his marvelous light, to suffering-with-blessing, and to eternal glory.

Calling

Approved rendering: पाचारण
Transliteration: pācāraṇ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आवाहन
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.

Election

Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:1-2 opens by calling believers ‘elect exiles … according to the foreknowledge of God the Father’ — must not echo the karma-birth explanation of social status that Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected.

Providence

Approved rendering: देवाचे विधान
Transliteration: devāce vidhān
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, कर्माचा नियम
Original: πρόνοια (cf. 1 Peter 4:19; 5:7)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 4:19 (‘entrust their souls to a faithful Creator’) and 5:7 (‘casting all your anxieties on him’) must not echo an impersonal karma-based or fatalistic framing.

Living Hope

Approved rendering: जिवंत आशा
Transliteration: jivant āśā
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: आशा (alone)
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Eschatology

NEW TERM. आशा alone reads in everyday Marathi as generic wishing/expectation (‘आशा आहे’ = ‘I hope so’); जिवंत must always be retained to anchor this hope in Christ’s historical, accomplished resurrection (1:3) rather than fatalistic expectation or devotional longing for a future darshan.

Inheritance

Approved rendering: वारसा
Transliteration: vārasā
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: वतन
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation

NEW TERM. NEVER वतन — वतन names Maharashtra’s historical caste-linked hereditary land/office rights (the watandari system); using it would make the believer’s inheritance (1:4; cf. 3:7,9) sound like a caste-based hereditary entitlement rather than a freely given gift of grace.

Guarded By Gods Power

Approved rendering: सुरक्षित राखलेले
Transliteration: surakṣit rākhlele
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने राखलेले
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation

NEW TERM. The passive voice (φρουρέω, 1:5) is essential — God himself is the guard, not the believer’s own ascetic vigilance (tapasyā-style self-discipline); losing the passive sense risks a self-effort reading of assurance.

Trial Testing

Approved rendering: नानाविध परीक्षा
Transliteration: nānāvidha parīkṣā
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: तपस्या
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering

NEW TERM. Must be distinguished from self-chosen ascetic trial (तपस्या, tapasyā) undertaken to earn spiritual merit; these trials (1:6) are God-permitted, externally imposed, and refine grace-given faith rather than accumulating merit toward it.

Tested Genuineness

Approved rendering: परीक्षिलेला विश्वास
Transliteration: parīkṣilelā viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith Tested and Proven
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith

NEW TERM. Must not imply that faith is validated by the believer’s own performance under trial (1:7), as if suffering well is what earns final approval before God; trials reveal, not create, faith’s genuineness.

Precious Blood Unblemished Lamb

Approved rendering: मौल्यवान रक्त / निर्दोष कोकरू
Transliteration: maulyavān rakta / nirdoṣ kokarū
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τίμιον αἷμα, ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology

NEW TERM. कोकरू (kokarū) is already the established Marathi Christian term (cf. ‘देवाचे कोकरू,’ Lamb of God, John 1:29) and is reused here (1:19). निर्दोष/निष्कलंक must be read as final, once-for-all sacrificial qualification, not a repeatable ritual-purity requirement.

Chosen Race People

Approved rendering: निवडलेले लोक
Transliteration: nivaḍlele lok
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: निवडलेला वंश
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church

NEW TERM. वंश (‘lineage/race’) is closely tied to caste-lineage identity in Marathi (a person’s वंश is often bound up with jāti); निवडलेले लोक (‘chosen people’) is required over निवडलेला वंश (2:9) to avoid implying a new hereditary in-group replicating caste logic.

Spiritual House

Approved rendering: आत्मिक घर
Transliteration: ātmik ghar
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर, देऊळ
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church

NEW TERM. NEVER मंदिर or देऊळ (Hindu temple), consistent with the baseline’s caution on ‘church’; this (2:5) is a corporate, non-territorial house of God, not a building.

Submission

Approved rendering: अधीन होणे / अधीनता
Transliteration: adhīn hoṇe / adhīnatā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics

NEW TERM. Must never be taught in a way that appears to endorse the unjust social submission historically demanded of lower-caste and Dalit communities under caste hierarchy — a subordination this audience’s Ambedkarite Buddhist background explicitly and rightly rejected. This is a voluntary, Christlike, gospel-motivated posture (2:13-25; 3:1-7; 5:5), modeled on Christ’s own submission to unjust suffering, never a justification of an unjust social order. Requires explicit doctrinal framing alongside the term wherever it occurs, effectively Critical-adjacent in review priority.

Domineering

Approved rendering: सत्ता गाजवणे (नकारात्मक अर्थ)
Transliteration: sattā gājavaṇe
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Leadership

NEW TERM. Reinforces the explicit NT prohibition (5:3) of domineering, caste-lord-style authority in church leadership; must not be softened.

Elders

Approved rendering: वडीलजन / सहवडील
Transliteration: vaḍīljan / sahavaḍīl
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: पंच, पंचायत
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church

NEW TERM. Must be distinguished from the caste-linked village पंचायत council of elders, which historically wielded social and caste-enforcement authority, and from Buddhist monastic seniority (thera); 1 Peter 5:1’s elders are servant-shepherds accountable to the Chief Shepherd, not a caste-authority body.

Shepherd Overseer

Approved rendering: मेंढपाळ / अध्यक्ष / मुख्य मेंढपाळ
Transliteration: meḍhpāḷ / adhyakṣa / mukhya meḍhpāḷ
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος / ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Leadership

NEW TERM. Establishes consistent pastoral-office vocabulary across 2:25 and 5:2,4, so elders are clearly framed as under-shepherds serving Christ’s flock, not owners or rulers of it.

Humility

Approved rendering: नम्रता / नम्रचित्त
Transliteration: namratā / namracitta
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινός
Category: Ethics

NEW TERM. Must be distinguished from the imposed deference historically demanded of lower-caste persons toward upper-caste superiors under caste hierarchy — a subordination Ambedkarite Buddhist converts specifically rejected. 1 Peter’s humility (3:8; 5:5-6) is mutual (‘toward one another’) and freely chosen, modeled on Christ, not a status imposed by social rank.

Gentle And Quiet Spirit

Approved rendering: सौम्य व शांत आत्मा
Transliteration: saumya va śānt ātmā
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: πραΰς καὶ ἡσύχιος πνεῦμα
Category: Ethics

NEW TERM. Must be taught as a freely chosen Christlike virtue (3:4), not a warrant for enforced female silence or caste-style submissiveness.

Conduct

Approved rendering: आचरण
Transliteration: ācaraṇ
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध/शुद्धाचरण
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification

NEW TERM. Must convey lived, observable behavior consistently across every occurrence (1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1-2,16) — the ‘Holiness in Conduct’ doctrine depends on rendering this identically throughout, never mere inward disposition or ritual conformity.

Futile Ancestral Way

Approved rendering: पूर्वजांकडून मिळालेले व्यर्थ आचरण
Transliteration: pūrvajāṅkaḍūn miḷālele vyarth ācaraṇ
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: πατροπαράδοτος ματαία ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification

NEW TERM. Resonates powerfully, and must be handled with pastoral sensitivity, for converts (Ambedkarite Buddhist and Warkari-background alike) who have themselves left ancestral religious practice (1:18; 4:3-4); frame as redemption from a specific futile pattern, not blanket denigration of all ancestral culture or living family members.

Baptism Antitype

Approved rendering: बाप्तिस्मा (प्रतिरूप/अनुरूप चिन्ह)
Transliteration: bāptismā (pratirūp/anurūp cinh)
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἀντίτυπον βάπτισμα
Category: Sacramental Theology

NEW TERM. Must never suggest the water ritual itself is magically efficacious (3:21), given Maharashtra’s prominent ritual-bathing traditions (e.g., Chandrabhaga river bathing at Pandharpur); the passage itself defines baptism as ‘an appeal to God for a good conscience,’ not physical cleansing.

Good Conscience Appeal

Approved rendering: चांगल्या विवेकबुद्धीसाठी विनंती
Transliteration: cāṅgalyā vivekbuddhīsāṭhī vinantī
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἐπερώτημα συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς εἰς θεόν
Category: Sacramental Theology

NEW TERM. A legal/contractual pledge sense (3:21, ἐπερώτημα); must not be flattened to a vague general ‘prayer,’ losing its Godward, conscience-oriented specificity.

Entrust To Creator

Approved rendering: विश्वासू निर्माणकर्त्याकडे सोपवणे
Transliteration: viśvāsū nirmāṇakartyākaḍe sopavaṇe
Doctrine: Providence and Trust in a Faithful Creator
Rejected alternatives: नशीबावर सोडणे
Original: παρατίθεσθαι πιστῷ κτίστῃ
Category: God

NEW TERM. Must be understood as an active, trusting deposit with a personal, faithful, providential God (4:19; cf. देवाचे विधान), never fatalistic resignation to an impersonal fate or karma-determined outcome.

Fiery Ordeal

Approved rendering: अग्निपरीक्षा
Transliteration: agniparīkṣā
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering

NEW TERM. अग्निपरीक्षा (4:12) resonantly echoes the itihasa/epic ‘trial by fire’ motif (e.g., Sita’s agni-parīkṣā in the Ramayana); the general sense of severe refining ordeal is apt, but must not import that narrative’s specific chastity-vindication association — requires a disclaiming translator’s note.

Sprinkling Of Blood

Approved rendering: रक्ताचे शिंपण
Transliteration: raktāce śimpaṇ
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant

NEW TERM. OT covenant-ratification background (Exodus 24) needed for 1:2; must not be assimilated to ongoing animal-sacrifice/blood-offering folk-religious practices still present in parts of Maharashtra (e.g., goat sacrifice to village deities), since here it signifies application of Christ’s unique, once-for-all sacrifice.

Chosen Sojourners

Approved rendering: निवडलेले प्रवासी / प्रवासी आणि परदेशी
Transliteration: nivaḍlele pravāsī / pravāsī āṇi paradeśī
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἐκλεκτοὶ παρεπίδημοι / πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Church

NEW TERM. A positive doctrinal opportunity for readers with lived experience of social marginality (e.g., Dalit communities pre/post the 1956 conversion) — reframes marginal status (1:1; 2:11) as belonging to God’s dispersed people; must not read as endorsing permanent social exclusion or resignation to injustice.

Restorative Action

Approved rendering: थोडा वेळ दुःख सोसल्यावर स्वतः सावरील, स्थिर करील, बलवान करील, पायावर उभे करील
Transliteration: thoḍā veḷ duḥkha sosalyāvar svataḥ sāvarīl, sthir karīl, balvān karīl, pāyāvar ubhe karīl
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὀλίγον παθόντας αὐτὸς καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Suffering

NEW TERM. Must pair suffering’s temporariness (‘a little while,’ 5:10) tightly with the certainty of God’s four-verb restorative action so suffering is never read as a permanent existential condition, echoing the same दुःख caution that applies throughout the book.

Judge Living Dead

Approved rendering: जिवंत आणि मृत यांचा न्याय
Transliteration: jivant āṇi mṛt yāñcā nyāy
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: कर्मानुसार न्याय
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology

NEW TERM. Must be personal accountability before a personal Judge (4:5), never an impersonal karmic-ledger accounting balancing merit and demerit across lifetimes.

Spirit Of Christ

Approved rendering: ख्रिस्ताचा आत्मा
Transliteration: Khristācā Ātmā
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology

NEW TERM. Identifies the Spirit who inspired the OT prophets as Christ’s own Spirit (1:11) — a strong pre-existence/deity-of-Christ claim; must not be flattened to a generic ‘spirit of righteousness’ theme.

Foreknowledge

Approved rendering: पूर्वज्ञान
Transliteration: pūrvajñān
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God

NEW TERM. Grounds election (1:2, 1:20) in God’s personal knowledge, never an impersonal cosmic ledger determining status — the same caste/karma sensitivity documented for the baseline’s ‘election’ and ‘providence’ entries.

Put To Death Made Alive

Approved rendering: देहरूपाने मारला गेला, आत्मरूपाने जिवंत केला गेला
Transliteration: deharūpāne māralā gelā, ātmarūpāne jivant kelā gelā
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: θανατωθεὶς … σαρκί, ζῳοποιηθεὶς … πνεύματι
Category: Christology

NEW TERM. Connects directly to the baseline resurrection and deity-of-Christ doctrines (3:18); must not be read as denying the reality of Christ’s bodily death, nor assimilated to a ‘spirit survives, body discarded’ framework.

Word Of God Living

Approved rendering: देवाचे जिवंत वचन
Transliteration: devāce jivant vacan
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λόγος ζῶν θεοῦ / ῥῆμα κυρίου
Category: Scripture

NEW TERM. Scripture’s living, enduring authority as the means of the new birth (1:23-25); must be distinguished from Warkari abhang devotional poetry (treasured but not claiming to be God’s own spoken word) and from the Buddhist Tripitaka/Ambedkar’s reinterpreted Dhamma writings, which claim authority as teaching rather than as divine revelation.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 5:14 closing benediction.

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: आत्मिक कृपादान
Transliteration: ātmik kṛpādān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धी
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 4:10 pairs this with कारभारी (‘steward’), reinforcing that gifts are entrusted, not merit-earned or yogic/ascetic siddhi.

Church

Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία (concept; cf. οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter does not use ἐκκλησία directly, but the concept underlies ‘household of God’ (4:17) and the corporate priesthood/nation imagery of chapter 2.

Apostle

Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:1 opens ‘Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ’ — a commissioned, sent office with delegated authority, never a self-attained guru role.

Defense Of Hope

Approved rendering: उत्तर / बचाव
Transliteration: uttar / bacāv
Doctrine: Faith Tested and Proven
Rejected alternatives: माफी
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Faith

NEW TERM. ἀπολογία (3:15) is a reasoned, legal-style defense, not an apology in the everyday Marathi sense of माफी (‘sorry/apology’).

Household Of God

Approved rendering: देवाचे घराणे
Transliteration: devāce gharāṇe
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church

NEW TERM. Reinforces the ‘family/household’ frame for the church (4:17), distinct from a caste-community or ritual-institution identity.

Living Stone

Approved rendering: जिवंत दगड
Transliteration: jivant dagaḍ
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church

NEW TERM. Applied first to Christ, then to believers corporately (2:4-8); keep rendering consistent across all occurrences to preserve the building-metaphor’s coherence.

Imperishable Seed

Approved rendering: अविनाशी बीज
Transliteration: avinaśī bīj
Doctrine: New Birth and Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: वंशबीज
Original: σπορά ἄφθαρτος
Category: Salvation

NEW TERM. Reinforces नवजन्म; the ‘seed’ (1:23) is God’s living, enduring word, not a biological or ancestral lineage-seed (वंशबीज) — must not be read as a caste/lineage claim.

Low Risk Terms

Fellowship

Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मैत्री
Original: κοινωνία / κοινωνέω
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 4:13 (‘you share Christ’s sufferings’) applies this root specifically to shared suffering.

Prophet

Approved rendering: संदेष्टा
Transliteration: sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 1:10-12 describes prophets who searched out the grace to come.

Brotherly Love

Approved rendering: बंधुप्रेम
Transliteration: bandhuprem
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church

NEW TERM. Standard familial-affection vocabulary within the church’s family frame (1:22; 3:8).

Christian

Approved rendering: ख्रिस्ती
Transliteration: khristī
Doctrine: Christian Identity and Suffering

NEW TERM. The established Marathi Christian self-designation, originally a term of reproach (4:16) that believers should wear without shame, glorifying God in that name — a mark of participatory fellowship with Christ’s sufferings, never a mark of accumulated bad karma from a past life.

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