Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude (Full Book) for Marathi Translation
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all 25 verses of Jude (the whole book — the core passage Jude 1:3–23 plus the salutation vv.1–2 and doxology vv.24–25). It distinguishes:
- Reused terms — already established in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json; rendering is fixed and must not be altered. - New terms — required by Jude’s distinctive vocabulary, proposed here for incorporation into Phase 1 Step 2’s extended
translation_memory.jsonanddoctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Marathi rendering | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Jude occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | कृपा | kṛpā | Critical | 1:4 | Grace weaponized into license — reinforce baseline’s grace-vs-merit contrast; here also grace-vs-license. |
| faith | विश्वास | viśvāsa | High | 1:3, 1:5, 1:20 | 1:3/1:20 shift toward “the faith” (content of belief) rather than only personal trust — flag nuance in teaching notes. |
| saints (holy ones, of believers) | पवित्र जन | pavitra jan | High | 1:3 | Never संत. |
| holy | पवित्र | pavitra | High | 1:20 (अतिपवित्र) | Superlative form in 1:20; compose as अतिपवित्र. |
| called | बोलावलेले | bolāvlele | High | 1:1 | Effectual, sovereign calling. |
| Lord | प्रभू | prabhū | Critical | 1:4, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Paired with स्वामी (Master) in 1:4 — see Section B. |
| glory | गौरव | gaurav | High | 1:8 (concrete “glorious ones”), 1:24, 1:25 | 1:8 uses concrete plural form (गौरवी प्राणी) — distinguish from abstract गौरव elsewhere. |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Pavitra Ātmā | Critical | 1:19, 1:20 | Never परमात्मा/ब्रह्म. |
| God | परमेश्वर | Parameśvar | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:21, 1:25 | Never देव/भगवान alone in doctrinal contexts. |
| Father | पिता | Pitā | Critical | 1:1 | God as personal Father. |
| Jesus (Christ) | येशू (ख्रिस्त) | Yeśū (Khrist) | Critical | throughout | Never ईसा. |
| apostle(s) | प्रेषित | preṣit | Medium | 1:17 | Grounds the warning in apostolic authority. |
| peace | शांती | śāntī | Medium | 1:2 | Standard epistolary greeting term. |
| amen | आमेन | āmen | Low | 1:25 | Established transliteration. |
| salvation (root) | तारण | tāraṇ | Critical | 1:3 (सामाईक तारण), 1:5 (तारले), 1:23 (तारा) | Never मोक्ष/मुक्ती/निर्वाण — reused as verb and noun forms throughout. |
| sin / sinners (root) | पाप / पापी | pāp / pāpī | High | 1:15 | Reused root; caste-karma sensitivity applies per baseline note. |
| prophecy (root) | भविष्यवाणी | bhaviṣyavāṇī | Low | 1:14 | God-inspired declaration, not astrological forecasting. |
Section B — New Terms Required by Jude (Proposed for Registry Extension)
| English term | Original Greek | Marathi rendering | Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk | Rationale / Collision notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contend (for the faith) | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | झगडणे | jhagaḍaṇe | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Critical | Athletic/military struggle metaphor; must not be softened to passive assent. Core verb of the letter’s opening command. |
| once for all | ἅπαξ | एकदाच व सर्वकाळासाठी | ekdāc va sarvakāḷāsāṭhī | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Critical | Must exclude any sense of an evolving, repeatable, or reinterpretable revelation; parallels baseline’s linear-time-vs-cyclical-time caution (yuga cycles; dependent-origination wheel; guru-parampara transmission; Ambedkar’s reinterpreted Dhamma). |
| delivered / entrusted (the faith) | παραδοθείσῃ (παραδίδωμι) | सोपवलेला (विश्वास) | sopavlelā (viśvās) | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered / Inspiration of Scripture | Critical | The faith is a fixed, complete, divinely-given deposit — not an oral guru-to-disciple transmission or a socially reinterpreted ethical teaching. |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | भक्तिहीन | bhaktihīn | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Critical | Letter’s central diagnostic term (4x concentration in 1:15 alone). Risk: bhakti-root word may read as “lacking Warkari-style devotional observance” rather than active rebellion against the true God’s authority. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence. |
| Master (absolute owner-sovereign) | δεσπότης | स्वामी | svāmī | Deity/Lordship of Christ (extends baseline “lordship_of_christ”) | Critical | Baseline rejected स्वामी as an alternative for κύριος/प्रभू; here it is required as the deliberately distinct second title (Granville Sharp construction, both titles referring to Christ in 1:4). Must be distinguished from guru/spiritual-master associations. |
| judgment (verdict/condemnation) | κρίμα | दंडाज्ञा | daṇḍājñā | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Distinct from κρίσις below; a specific sentence/verdict. |
| judgment (day/process) | κρίσις | न्यायनिवाडा | nyāyanivāḍā | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Possible incidental resonance with the Nyāya school of Hindu logical philosophy — clarify this is personal moral judgment by God, not an impersonal logical system. |
| eternal fire | πῦρ αἰώνιον | सार्वकालिक अग्नी | sārvakālik agnī | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | High | Collision risk with Buddhist “fire” imagery (the three fires of greed/hatred/delusion extinguished at nibbāna) — must be taught as God’s punitive judgment on persons, not an inner state extinguished by self-effort. |
| mercy | ἔλεος / ἐλεέω | दया | dayā | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | New term, distinct from but related to कृपा (grace, Critical in baseline). दया is also the standard term for Vitthal’s compassionate favor in Warkari devotional literature — must be explicitly taught as Christ’s specific, undeserved compassion, not generic bhakti pity. |
| wavering / doubting | διακρινόμενος (διακρίνομαι) | डळमळणारे | ḍaḷamaḷaṇāre | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | Names a specific pastoral category needing compassionate rescue, not admired philosophical doubt. |
| snatch (out of the fire) | ἁρπάζοντες (ἁρπάζω) | हिसकावून काढणे | hisakāvūn kāḍhaṇe | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Medium-High | Preserves urgency of emergency rescue; connects to “eternal fire” term above. |
| stained/defiled garment | ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα | डागाळलेला अंगरखा | ḍāgāḷlelā aṅgarakhā | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | Must be taught as moral corruption from sin, never as ritual/hereditary “pollution” — directly sensitive given Ambedkarite Buddhist communities’ explicit rejection of caste purity-pollution doctrine. |
| kept / guarded / preserved | τηρέω (vv.1,6,13,21) / φυλάσσω (v.24) | राखणे / जपणे | rākhaṇe / japaṇe | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | The letter’s central thematic word-family; must be rendered consistently enough that the wordplay (angels failing to “keep,” believers commanded to “keep” themselves, God who ultimately “keeps”/“guards”) remains visible across the whole book. |
| without stumbling | ἄπταιστος | न अडखळता | na aḍakhaḷatā | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Low | Positive assurance of final security. |
| present blameless | στῆσαι…ἀμώμους | निर्दोष सादर करणे | nirdoṣ sādar karaṇe | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | OT sacrificial-purity image applied to believers’ final status; a status conferred by God, echoing आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व (imputed righteousness, Critical in baseline). |
| blameless / unblemished | ἄμωμος | निर्दोष / निष्कलंक | nirdoṣ / niṣkalaṅk | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | See above. |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | सार्वकालिक जीवन | sārvakālik jīvan | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power / Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Critical | Must not be confused with मोक्ष (liberation from rebirth) or Buddhist nirvana (cessation/extinguishing); this is unending personal relational life with God through Christ, positively conceived. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | तारणारा | tāraṇārā | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Critical | Transparently derived from तारण (baseline, Critical) for consistency; must not suggest one savior-figure among many (avoid ishta-devata resonance). |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | महिमा | mahimā | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium | Must remain distinct from गौरव (glory) to preserve the doxology’s fourfold rhetorical structure. |
| dominion/might (doxological) | κράτος | सामर्थ्य | sāmarthya | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium | Reuses baseline’s avoid-शक्ती convention for “power” concepts; distinct Greek word from δύναμις but same avoidance rule applies. |
| authority | ἐξουσία | अधिकार | adhikār | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Low-Medium | Fourth term in the doxological string. |
| love | ἀγάπη | प्रीती | prītī | (undergirds all six curriculum doctrines) | High | New term; must be distinguished from the rich Warkari bhakti-prem devotional vocabulary directed at Vitthal — this is God’s covenantal, self-giving love, and believers’ responsive love within the community grounded in Christ. |
| crept in unnoticed | παρεισέδυσαν | गुप्तपणे शिरलेले | guptapaṇe śirlele | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Covert, deceptive infiltration — distinguishes false teachers from open, legitimate theological disagreement. |
| sensuality / licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια | स्वैराचार | svairācār | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Grace corrupted into license — must connect explicitly to the abuse of कृपा in 1:4. |
| desire / lust | ἐπιθυμία | वासना | vāsanā | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Collision with Buddhist taṇhā (craving, the diagnosed root of all suffering per the Four Noble Truths) — must be taught as moral rebellion against a personal God, not the impersonal metaphysical root-cause addressed through Buddhist self-cultivation. |
| worldly / unspiritual (soulish) | ψυχικοί | सांसारिक वृत्तीचे | sāṃsārik vṛttīce | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Simple contrast (has/lacks the Spirit), not a body-soul-spirit taxonomy debate — avoid collision with Samkhya puruṣa/prakṛti or Buddhist skandha categories. |
| holy myriads (angelic hosts) | ἁγίαις μυριάσιν | पवित्र दूतांचे असंख्य समुदाय | pavitra dūtāṃce asaṅkhya samudāy | OT Warnings as Types / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Must NOT be rendered with पवित्र जन (reserved for believer-saints) — these are angelic beings accompanying God in judgment. |
| marked out beforehand | προγεγραμμένοι | आधीच नेमलेले | ādhīc nemlele | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | Predestination-adjacent language applied to condemnation; must not echo karma-birth fatalism (cf. baseline caution on “election”/“providence”). |
| archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | मुख्य देवदूत | mukhya devadūt | OT Warnings as Types | Medium | Establish consistent rendering for future NT curricula (1 Thessalonians 4:16). |
| devil | διάβολος | सैतान | saitān | OT Warnings as Types | Low-Medium | Established Marathi Christian loanword. |
| rebuke | ἐπιτιμάω | दटावणे | daṭāvaṇe | OT Warnings as Types | Low | ”The Lord rebuke you” — models deference to God’s own authority. |
| woe | οὐαί | धिक्कार असो | dhikkār aso | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | Prophetic judgment-oracle formula; must retain gravity. |
| love feasts | ἀγάπαι | प्रीतिभोज | prītibhoj | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (corrupted fellowship) | Medium | Requires brief explanatory note on the early-church custom; connects to baseline “fellowship” (सहभागिता). |
| example (warning-type) | δεῖγμα | दाखला / उदाहरण | dākhalā / udāharaṇ | OT Warnings as Types | Low | Sodom as a standing visible warning. |
| destroyed / perished (root) | ἀπόλλυμι (ἀπώλεσεν, ἀπώλοντο) | नाश केला / नाश पावले | nāś kelā / nāś pāvle | OT Warnings as Types | Medium | Recurs across Israel (1:5), Cain/Korah (1:11) type-warnings. |
| convict / expose | ἐλέγχω | दोषी ठरवणे | doṣī ṭharavaṇe | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low-Medium | Formal, evidence-based conviction of guilt. |
| scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται | थट्टा करणारे | thaṭṭā karṇāre | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | Predicted eschatological mockers. |
| cause divisions | ἀποδιορίζοντες | फूट पाडणारे | phūṭ pāḍṇāre | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (opposed by) | Low-Medium | Directly opposed to the letter’s call to contend together for one shared faith. |
| build up (oneself) | ἐποικοδομέω | उभारणी करणे | ubhāraṇī karaṇe | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (positive counterpart) | Low-Medium | Positive contrast to divisive false teachers. |
| await eagerly | προσδέχομαι | आतुरतेने वाट पाहणे | āturatene vāṭ pāhaṇe | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Low-Medium | Confident, hope-filled posture, not anxious uncertainty. |
| servant / bondservant | δοῦλος | दास | dās | (epistolary self-identification) | Low-Medium | Established Marathi Christian term of honor, not shame. |
| kept (perfect passive, opening) | τετηρημένοις | राखलेले | rākhlele | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | First occurrence of the letter’s key theme, in the salutation. |
| loved (perfect passive) | ἠγαπημένοις | प्रिय मानलेले | priya mānlele | (undergirds Kept/Mercy doctrines) | High | Settled, completed divine love, not fluctuating sentiment; connects to ἀγάπη (प्रीती) above. |
| glorious ones (angelic beings, concrete) | δόξας (v.8) | गौरवी प्राणी | gauravī prāṇī | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium-High | Concrete plural use of δόξα-root — distinguish from abstract गौरव (glory) used of God elsewhere. |
| lordship / authority (abstract) | κυριότης | अधिकार/प्रभुत्व | adhikār/prabhutva | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (rejecting authority) | Medium | Relates to baseline “lordship_of_christ” doctrine; false teachers reject this authority. |
| blaspheme / slander | βλασφημέω / βλασφημία | निंदा करणे | nindā karaṇe | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | Contemptuous, insulting speech against a superior/sacred being. |
| irrational animals | ἄλογα ζῷα | अविवेकी पशू | avivekī paśū | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low-Medium | Standard idiom for instinct-driven behavior lacking reason. |
| grumblers / malcontents | γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι | कुरकुर करणारे / असंतुष्ट | kurkur karṇāre / asantuṣṭa | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | Care needed: must not sound like complaint against “fate/lot” (कर्मफळ/नशीब) — providence-adjacent caution from baseline applies. |
| bombastic words | ὑπέρογκα | गर्विष्ठ बडबड | garviṣṭha baḍbaḍ | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low-Medium | Empty, self-aggrandizing rhetoric. |
| flattery for gain | θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα…χάριν | पक्षपाताने खोटी स्तुती करणे | pakṣapātāne khoṭī stutī karaṇe | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low-Medium | Manipulative flattery for material profit, echoing Balaam. |
| hidden reefs | σπιλάδες | लपलेले खडक | lapalele khaḍak | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (imagery) | Medium | Maritime metaphor may be unfamiliar; preserve the “hidden danger within fellowship” sense plainly. |
| waterless clouds / fruitless trees / wandering stars | νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι / δένδρα ἄκαρπα / ἀστέρες πλανῆται | निर्जल ढग / निष्फळ वृक्ष / भटकते तारे | nirjal ḍhag / niṣphaḷ vṛkṣa / bhaṭakte tāre | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (imagery) | Low | Vivid natural imagery; translate plainly, preserving vividness. |
| thick darkness / blackness of darkness | ζόφος / ζόφος τοῦ σκότους | गडद अंधकार / घोर काळोखी | gaḍad andhakār / ghor kāḷokhī | OT Warnings as Types / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | Recurs at 1:6 and 1:13, linking fallen angels’ fate to false teachers’ destiny. |
| eternal chains/bonds | δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις | चिरंतन बंधने | cirantan bandhane | OT Warnings as Types (angels) | Low | Conveys permanence/finality of angelic judgment. |
| Cain | Κάϊν | काईन | Kāīn | OT Warnings as Types | Low | Requires brief OT background note (Genesis 4) — low OT literacy audience. |
| Balaam | Βαλαάμ | बलाम | Balām | OT Warnings as Types | Low | Requires brief OT background note (Numbers 22–24). |
| Korah | Κόρε | कोरह | Korah | OT Warnings as Types | Low | Requires brief OT background note (Numbers 16). |
| Enoch | Ἑνώχ | हनोख | Hanokh | Inspiration of Scripture (extra-canonical citation) | Low | Requires brief background note (Genesis 5:18-24; the quotation source is 1 Enoch, a non-canonical Jewish text — a nuance worth a light teaching note for a well-informed readership). |
| James | Ἰάκωβος | याकोब | Yākob | (epistolary) | Low | Established Marathi Bible name form. |
| Jude (author) | Ἰούδας | यहूदा | Yahūdā | (epistolary) | Low | Follow existing Marathi Bible naming convention distinguishing from Judas Iscariot. |
| common salvation | κοινῆς σωτηρίας | सामाईक तारण | sāmāik tāraṇ | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered / Universal Scope (cf. baseline) | Medium | Reuses तारण exactly; “common” stresses shared salvation across all recipients regardless of status. |
| denying (Christ) | ἀρνούμενοι | नाकारणे | nākāraṇe | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low-Medium | Active rejection of Christ’s Lordship through conduct, not merely creed. |
Section C — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (for Step 2 Registry Construction)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Passages | Key New Terms (Section B) | Key Reused Terms (Section A) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3, 1:17, 1:20 | contend (झगडणे), once for all (एकदाच व सर्वकाळासाठी), delivered/entrusted (सोपवलेला), common salvation (सामाईक तारण), love feasts (प्रीतिभोज), cause divisions (फूट पाडणारे), build up (उभारणी करणे) | faith (विश्वास), saints (पवित्र जन), grace (कृपा), apostle (प्रेषित) |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:8-16, 1:18-19 | ungodly (भक्तिहीन), Master (स्वामी), judgment-verdict (दंडाज्ञा), judgment-day (न्यायनिवाडा), crept in unnoticed (गुप्तपणे शिरलेले), sensuality (स्वैराचार), desire/lust (वासना), worldly/unspiritual (सांसारिक वृत्तीचे), woe (धिक्कार असो), scoffers (थट्टा करणारे), and other imagery terms | grace (कृपा), Lord (प्रभू), sin/sinners (पाप/पापी), Holy Spirit (पवित्र आत्मा) |
| OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | 1:5-7, 1:9, 1:11, 1:14 | eternal fire (सार्वकालिक अग्नी), archangel (मुख्य देवदूत), devil (सैतान), holy myriads (पवित्र दूतांचे असंख्य समुदाय), Cain/Balaam/Korah/Enoch proper names, eternal chains, thick darkness | salvation root (तारण), prophecy (भविष्यवाणी) |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:21-23 | mercy (दया), wavering (डळमळणारे), snatch out of the fire (हिसकावून काढणे), stained garment (डागाळलेला अंगरखा), await eagerly (आतुरतेने वाट पाहणे) | salvation root (तारण), Lord (प्रभू) |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24 | kept/guarded (राखणे/जपणे), without stumbling (न अडखळता), present blameless (निर्दोष सादर करणे), blameless (निर्दोष/निष्कलंक), loved (प्रिय मानलेले) | glory (गौरव), holy (पवित्र), called (बोलावलेले) |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:24-25 | eternal life (सार्वकालिक जीवन), Savior (तारणारा), majesty (महिमा), dominion/might (सामर्थ्य, doxological), authority (अधिकार) | glory (गौरव), God (परमेश्वर), Lord (प्रभू), amen (आमेन) |
Cross-Cultural Collision Summary (for Step 2 Doctrine Risk Registry)
The following collisions, surfaced across the glossary above, require explicit doctrine risk registry entries in Phase 1 Step 2, extending the baseline’s existing Warkari-bhakti and Navayana-Buddhist collision framework:
- भक्तिहीन (ungodly) vs. Warkari bhakti-devotion vocabulary — risk that “ungodly” reads as “lacking devotional bhakti practice” rather than “in active rebellion against the true God.”
- दया (mercy) vs. Vitthal’s devotional दया in Warkari literature — must be distinguished as Christ-specific, undeserved compassion.
- प्रीती (love) vs. bhakti-prem devotional love poetry (Dnyaneshwar, Tukaram) — must be taught as God’s covenantal, self-giving love, not generic devotional sentiment.
- वासना (desire/lust) vs. Buddhist taṇhā (craving) as the metaphysical root of suffering — must be taught as moral rebellion against a personal God, not an impersonal cause addressed by self-cultivation.
- सार्वकालिक अग्नी (eternal fire) vs. Buddhist “three fires” (greed/hatred/delusion) extinguished at nibbāna — must be taught as God’s punitive judgment on persons, not an inner psychological state to extinguish.
- डागाळलेला अंगरखा (stained garment) vs. caste ritual-purity/pollution doctrine — must be taught as moral corruption from sin, never echoing birth-based or touch-based pollution categories explicitly rejected by Ambedkarite Buddhist conversion.
- स्वामी (Master, δεσπότης) vs. guru/spiritual-master associations — must retain the Christological force of the double-title (Master and Lord) applied to Christ in 1:4.
- सांसारिक वृत्तीचे (worldly/unspiritual, ψυχικοί) vs. Samkhya puruṣa/prakṛti or Buddhist skandha psychological categories — must remain a simple has/lacks-the-Spirit contrast.
- न्यायनिवाडा (judgment, κρίσις) vs. incidental resonance with the Nyāya school of Hindu logical philosophy — must be clarified as personal moral judgment, not an impersonal logical system.
- सार्वकालिक जीवन (eternal life) vs. मोक्ष/Buddhist nirvana — must be taught as unending relational life with God, not liberation from or cessation of existence.
This glossary feeds directly into Phase 1 Step 2’s extended translation_memory.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json for the Jude curriculum, layered on top of (never contradicting) the baseline Romans Language Package.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace Perverted to License
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:4, false teachers ‘pervert the grace of our God into sensuality (स्वैराचार)’ — this is grace weaponized to justify sin, not an instance of true grace. Teaching material must make the perversion explicit, guarding against both Warkari bhakti’s familiar grace-vocabulary (Vitthal’s कृपा) and the total absence of a grace-concept in Navayana Buddhist self-cultivation ethics.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी (as substitute), ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:4, प्रभू is paired with स्वामी (δεσπότης, Master) in a single-article Granville Sharp construction applying both titles to Christ — a compressed double claim of full deity. स्वामी must be retained as the deliberately distinct second title here, not as a substitute for प्रभू, which the baseline elsewhere correctly warns against for κύριος.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Worldliness and Lack of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never परमात्मा/ब्रह्म. False teachers are defined precisely by lacking the Spirit (Jude 1:19), while believers pray ‘in the Holy Spirit’ (1:20).
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never देव/भगवान alone in doctrinal contexts. Named as Father (1:1) and ‘the only God, our Savior’ (1:25).
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father, the one in whom believers are loved and kept (Jude 1:1).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ईसा. Called Master, Lord, and Savior throughout Jude.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Common Salvation and Universal Scope
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Inherited from Romans package. Never मोक्ष/मुक्ती/निर्वाण. Used as root for ‘common salvation’ (सामाईक तारण, 1:3), the verb ‘saved’ Israel from Egypt (तारले, 1:5), and the imperative ‘save!’ (तारा, 1:23).
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: झगडणे
Transliteration: jhagaḍaṇe
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: भांडणे, लढणे
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3. Athletic/military struggle metaphor (ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι); must convey vigorous, costly struggle, never passive assent. Must always be anchored with an explicit object (‘विश्वासासाठी झगडणे’) so it is not misread as sectarian/caste-faction rivalry rhetoric, a live local association for झगडणे.
Once For All
Approved rendering: एकदाच व सर्वकाळासाठी
Transliteration: ekdāc va sarvakāḷāsāṭhī
Doctrine: The Apostolic Faith as a Closed, Complete Deposit
Rejected alternatives: केवळ एकदा
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3 (ἅπαξ). Must never be shortened; must exclude any sense of an evolving, cyclically repeated, or reinterpretable revelation — directly relevant given Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology, the Buddhist wheel of dependent origination, the living guru-parampara oral transmission model, and Ambedkar’s own reinterpreted ‘Dhamma.‘
Delivered Entrusted
Approved rendering: सोपवलेला
Transliteration: sopavlelā
Doctrine: The Apostolic Faith as a Closed, Complete Deposit
Rejected alternatives: स्वकष्टार्जित परंपरा
Original: παραδοθείσῃ (παραδίδωμι)
Category: Scripture
Jude 1:3 (παραδοθείσῃ). The faith is a fixed, complete, divinely-given deposit — must not read as a human guru-to-disciple oral transmission (parampara) or a socially reinterpreted ethical teaching (cf. Ambedkarite reworking of Dhamma).
Ungodly
Approved rendering: भक्तिहीन
Transliteration: bhaktihīn
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अधार्मिक, अनीतिमान
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4, 1:8-16 (4x concentration in 1:15), 1:18 (ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια). The letter’s central diagnostic term. CRITICAL RISK: a bhakti-rooted word may be heard as merely ‘lacking Warkari-style devotional observance’ toward Vitthal rather than ‘in active rebellion against the true God’s exclusive authority.’ Mandatory translator/teaching note at every occurrence. अधार्मिक rejected as it risks the same धर्म-collision already forbidden by baseline for law/righteousness.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: स्वामी
Transliteration: svāmī
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4 (δεσπότης). Absolute owner-sovereign; paired with κύριος/प्रभू in a single-article construction applying both titles to Christ. The baseline rejected स्वामी as an ALTERNATIVE for κύριος/प्रभू; here it is required as the deliberately distinct SECOND title, preserving the double-title Christological force. Must be distinguished from guru/spiritual-master associations in Hindu ascetic and renunciate traditions, where स्वामी commonly denotes a human teacher, not the divine owner of one’s whole being.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक जीवन
Transliteration: sārvakālik jīvan
Doctrine: The Love of God and Eternal Life
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:21 (ζωὴ αἰώνιος). Must not be confused with मोक्ष (liberation from rebirth-cycle) or with the Buddhist goal of extinguishing craving through nirvana (cessation of existence); this is unending, positively-conceived, personal relational life with the living God through Christ.
Savior
Approved rendering: तारणारा
Transliteration: tāraṇārā
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:25 (σωτήρ). Transparently derived from तारण (Critical baseline term). ‘The only God, our Savior’ must never suggest one savior-figure among several personally-chosen deities, avoiding resonance with the Warkari devotee’s ishta-devata (‘chosen deity’) framework — the ‘only/एकच’ exclusivity qualifier must never be dropped or softened.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20 the sense shifts toward ‘the faith’ as the fixed body of apostolic truth entrusted to the saints (fides quae), not only subjective personal trust as in Romans. Flag this nuance shift in teaching notes at every Jude occurrence.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Common Salvation and Universal Scope
Rejected alternatives: संत, मुनी
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never संत (the revered Warkari poet-saints Dnyaneshwar, Tukaram, Namdev, Eknath, Chokhamela). Used in Jude 1:3 for the corporate recipients of the faith once delivered.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος (superlative ἁγιώτατος)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:20 uses the superlative form (‘most holy faith’), rendered अतिपवित्र विश्वास, combining पवित्र and विश्वास (both baseline TM terms) in intensified form.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλητοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:1 addresses recipients as ‘the called (κλητοῖς)’ at the very opening of the letter — the same effectual, sovereign summons category flagged Critical/High throughout the Romans baseline.
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Appears abstractly in Jude 1:24-25 (doxology) and, in a distinct concrete plural form (δόξαι, ‘glorious ones’), for angelic beings in 1:8 — see new entry glorious_ones for that concrete usage, which must be kept lexically distinct from this abstract sense.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Inherited from Romans package. Root for पापी (sinners), used in the phrase ‘ungodly sinners’ at the letter’s judgment climax (Jude 1:15) — see new entry sinners_root.
Sinners Root
Approved rendering: पापी
Transliteration: pāpī
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मी
Derived transparently from baseline पाप (sin, inherited). ‘Ungodly sinners’ (Jude 1:15) reaches the letter’s judgment climax; must not echo the caste-Hindu birth-karma framework that Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected — this is moral accountability for one’s own deeds, not inherited status.
Common Salvation
Approved rendering: सामाईक तारण
Transliteration: sāmāik tāraṇ
Doctrine: Common Salvation and Universal Scope
Original: κοινὴ σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:3 (κοινῆς σωτηρίας). Reuses तारण (Critical baseline term) exactly, with सामाईक emphasizing shared possession across all recipients regardless of caste or status — echoes baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel sensitivity, especially salient given the 1956 Ambedkarite Buddhist conversion movement’s rejection of caste hierarchy.
Judgment Verdict Krima
Approved rendering: दंडाज्ञा
Transliteration: daṇḍājñā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4 (κρίμα). The specific sentence/verdict of condemnation already marked out for false teachers; distinguish from κρίσις (न्यायनिवाडा, the day/process of judgment).
Judgment Day Krisis
Approved rendering: न्यायनिवाडा
Transliteration: nyāyanivāḍā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6, 1:9, 1:15 (κρίσις). Caution: incidental resonance with the Nyāya school of classical Hindu logical philosophy could suggest an impersonal deductive system; must be taught explicitly as God’s personal moral judgment of persons.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक अग्नी
Transliteration: sārvakālik agnī
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:7 (πῦρ αἰώνιον). Collision risk: Navayana Buddhist teaching associates ‘fire’ with the ‘three fires’ of greed, hatred, and delusion extinguished at nibbāna through self-effort. This eternal fire must be taught as God’s righteous punitive judgment on persons, not an inner state extinguished by discipline.
Crept In Unnoticed
Approved rendering: गुप्तपणे शिरलेले
Transliteration: guptapaṇe śirlele
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: παρεισέδυσαν
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4 (παρεισέδυσαν). Covert, deceptive infiltration of the community; must be distinguished from open, legitimate theological disagreement.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: स्वैराचार
Transliteration: svairācār
Doctrine: Grace Perverted to License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
Jude 1:4 (ἀσέλγεια). Shameless, unrestrained moral/sexual license — the direct fruit of grace perverted. Must be explicitly linked in teaching materials to the abuse of कृपा, not confused with grace itself or with general ‘freedom.‘
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: वासना
Transliteration: vāsanā
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16, 1:18 (ἐπιθυμία). Collision risk: in Navayana Buddhist teaching, craving (taṇhā) is the diagnosed metaphysical root of all suffering per the Four Noble Truths, addressed through Eightfold-Path self-cultivation. Must be taught as moral rebellion against a personal God, not the impersonal cause addressed by Buddhist self-effort.
Worldly Unspiritual
Approved rendering: सांसारिक वृत्तीचे
Transliteration: sāṃsārik vṛttīce
Doctrine: Worldliness and Lack of the Spirit
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:19 (ψυχικοί). Must remain a simple has/lacks-the-Spirit contrast; avoid collision with Samkhya puruṣa/prakṛti dualism or Buddhist skandha (aggregate) psychological analysis, which are far more elaborate taxonomies than Jude intends.
Holy Myriads
Approved rendering: पवित्र दूतांचे असंख्य समुदाय
Transliteration: pavitra dūtāṃce asaṅkhya samudāy
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy of Coming Judgment
Rejected alternatives: पवित्र जन (rejected as substitute)
Original: ἅγιαι μυριάδες
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:14 (ἅγιαι μυριάδες). Must NOT be rendered with पवित्र जन (baseline term reserved for redeemed human believer-saints) — these are angelic beings accompanying God in judgment, not the church.
Marked Out Beforehand
Approved rendering: आधीच नेमलेले
Transliteration: ādhīc nemlele
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: προγεγραμμένοι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4 (προγεγραμμένοι). Must not be phrased so as to echo the karma-birth explanation of a person’s fate/standing that Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly and painfully rejected upon conversion; this is God’s just foreknowledge of specific persons’ guilt for their own deeds, not an impersonal cosmic ledger determining destiny by birth.
Loved Perfect Passive
Approved rendering: प्रिय मानलेले
Transliteration: priya mānlele
Doctrine: The Love of God and Eternal Life
Original: ἠγαπημένοι
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:1 (ἠγαπημένοι). Must convey the perfect-tense nuance of a settled, unchanging divine love, not a fluctuating devotional sentiment akin to bhakti-prem.
Kept By God
Approved rendering: राखणे / जपणे
Transliteration: rākhaṇe / japaṇe
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω / φυλάσσω
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21 (τηρέω); 1:24 uses the distinct verb φυλάσσω in the same semantic domain, rendered राखणे/सांभाळणे. The letter’s central word-family — must be rendered consistently across ALL occurrences to preserve the ironic wordplay: fallen angels who failed to ‘keep’ their position are now themselves ‘kept’ in chains, while believers are commanded to ‘keep’ themselves even though God alone ultimately keeps them. Must not be confused with folk-protective राखी/रक्षा-charm or amulet concepts.
Present Blameless
Approved rendering: गौरवासमोर निर्दोष सादर करणे
Transliteration: gauravāsamor nirdoṣ sādar karaṇe
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:24 (στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης…ἀμώμους). Formal, certain future presentation before God’s glorious presence; reuses गौरव (glory, baseline) exactly. Requires a brief explanatory note on the OT unblemished-offering sacrificial background, unfamiliar to a low-OT-literacy audience.
Blameless
Approved rendering: निर्दोष / निष्कलंक
Transliteration: nirdoṣ / niṣkalaṅk
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:24 (ἄμωμος). OT sacrificial-purity term applied to believers’ final moral standing; must convey a status conferred by God’s preserving grace, not self-achieved ritual perfection — connects conceptually to आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व (imputed righteousness, Critical in baseline).
Love
Approved rendering: प्रीती
Transliteration: prītī
Doctrine: The Love of God and Eternal Life
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
Jude 1:2, 1:21 (ἀγάπη). God’s covenantal, self-giving love, both source and sphere in which believers must remain. Must be clearly distinguished from the rich Warkari bhakti-prem devotional love poetry tradition (Dnyaneshwar, Tukaram, Namdev) directed at Vitthal; this is love grounded in Christ’s finished historical work, not generic devotional sentiment.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεέω
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23 (ἔλεος/ἐλεέω). New term relative to the Romans baseline; distinct from but related to कृपा (grace, Critical in baseline). दया is also the standard term for Vitthal’s compassionate favor in Warkari devotional literature — must be explicitly taught as Christ-specific, undeserved compassion, not generic bhakti pity. High frequency in the pivotal rescue passage (1:21-23) raises aggregate risk.
Wavering
Approved rendering: डळमळणारे
Transliteration: ḍaḷamaḷaṇāre
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:22 (διακρινόμενοι). Must convey spiritual instability and danger requiring urgent mercy, not intellectual inquiry to be admired as in some Indian traditions of structured philosophical debate.
Snatch From Fire
Approved rendering: अग्नीतून हिसकावून काढणे
Transliteration: agnītūn hisakāvūn kāḍhaṇe
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:23 (ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες). Preserves the urgency of emergency rescue; connects explicitly to the same ‘eternal fire’ (सार्वकालिक अग्नी) of judgment threatening the ungodly at 1:7.
Stained Garment
Approved rendering: डागाळलेला अंगरखा
Transliteration: ḍāgāḷlelā aṅgarakhā
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐσπιλωμένος χιτών
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:23 (ἐσπιλωμένος χιτών). Extremely high collision risk: must refer strictly to moral corruption from sinful indulgence, NEVER to ritual, hereditary, or touch-based ‘pollution’ — a doctrine Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly and painfully rejected in converting away from caste Hinduism. Mandatory clarifying teaching note at every occurrence.
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: गौरवी प्राणी
Transliteration: gauravī prāṇī
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: δόξαι
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:8 (δόξαι, concrete plural of δόξα). Must be clearly distinguished in teaching materials from the abstract गौरव (glory) used of God elsewhere in the same letter, to avoid implying these created angelic beings share God’s own glory-nature.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Scoffers and the Apostolic Warning
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds Jude’s warning about scoffers (1:17) in the apostles’ own prior authoritative prediction, not private opinion.
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: The Love of God and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the epistolary greeting triad (mercy, peace, love) in Jude 1:2.
Archangel
Approved rendering: मुख्य देवदूत
Transliteration: mukhya devadūt
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9 (ἀρχάγγελος). Establish as the consistent rendering for future NT curricula referencing archangels (e.g., 1 Thessalonians 4:16).
Devil
Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: saitān
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9 (διάβολος). Established Marathi Christian loanword; low ambiguity risk.
Woe
Approved rendering: धिक्कार असो
Transliteration: dhikkār aso
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:11 (οὐαί). Prophetic pronouncement of judgment; must retain gravity, not read as a casual exclamation.
Majesty
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahimā
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25 (μεγαλωσύνη). Sovereign, transcendent greatness, reserved almost exclusively for God in the NT; must be kept lexically distinct from गौरव (glory) to preserve the doxology’s fourfold rhetorical structure.
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: sāmarthya
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: κράτος
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25 (κράτος). Reuses the baseline’s avoid-शक्ती convention established for देवाचे सामर्थ्य (power_of_god); preserves the Marathi Bible tradition of never using शक्ती (Shakti/mother-goddess tradition, e.g. Tuljapur’s Tuljabhavani) for God’s own power, even though κράτος is a distinct Greek word from δύναμις.
Authority Doxological
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikār
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology
Jude 1:25 (ἐξουσία). Fourth and final term in the doxology’s fourfold ascription.
Lordship Authority Abstract
Approved rendering: अधिकार / प्रभुत्व
Transliteration: adhikār / prabhutva
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Angelic Restraint
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
Jude 1:8 (κυριότης). Abstract governing lordship/dominion (Christ’s or angelic), rejected in practice by the false teachers; relates to baseline’s lordship_of_christ doctrine.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: निंदा करणे
Transliteration: nindā karaṇe
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημέω / βλασφημία
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:8, 1:9 (βλασφημέω/βλασφημία). Contemptuous, insulting speech against a superior or sacred being.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: थट्टा करणारे
Transliteration: thaṭṭā karṇāre
Doctrine: Scoffers and the Apostolic Warning
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:18 (ἐμπαῖκται). Predicted eschatological mockers of sacred truth, especially the promises of Christ’s return.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: प्रीतिभोज
Transliteration: prītibhoj
Doctrine: False Teachers Corrupting Fellowship
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
Jude 1:12 (ἀγάπαι). Early-church communal fellowship meals connected to the Lord’s Supper, here corrupted by the false teachers’ presence. Requires a brief explanatory teaching note; connects to baseline’s fellowship (सहभागिता) doctrine.
Grumblers
Approved rendering: कुरकुर करणारे
Transliteration: kurkur karṇāre
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί / μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:16 (γογγυσταί/μεμψίμοιροι). Habitual complainers, discontented with God’s providential ordering of their circumstances. Care needed: must not sound like complaint against one’s ‘fate/lot’ (कर्मफळ/नशीब), echoing the baseline’s caution on karma-adjacent providence language.
Denying Christ
Approved rendering: नाकारणे
Transliteration: nākāraṇe
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ (Master and Lord)
Original: ἀρνούμενοι
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4 (ἀρνούμενοι). Active rejection of Christ’s Lordship through conduct, despite outward church membership.
Destroyed Perished
Approved rendering: नाश केला / नाश पावले
Transliteration: nāś kelā / nāś pāvle
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:5, 1:11 (ἀπόλλυμι). Decisive, complete ruin/destruction, the fate of unbelieving Israel, Cain, and Korah; consistent rendering ties the OT type-warnings together as a single pattern.
Thick Darkness
Approved rendering: गडद अंधकार / घोर काळोखी
Transliteration: gaḍad andhakār / ghor kāḷokhī
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: ζόφος (τοῦ σκότους)
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6, 1:13 (ζόφος/ζόφος τοῦ σκότους). Deep, oppressive darkness reserved for fallen angels and, in intensified form, for the false teachers. Ensure distinct from meditative/contemplative ‘darkness-before-illumination’ imagery found in some devotional traditions — this darkness is punitive and permanent, never transitional.
Hidden Reefs
Approved rendering: लपलेले खडक
Transliteration: lapalele khaḍak
Doctrine: False Teachers Corrupting Fellowship
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:12 (σπιλάδες). Submerged rocks that wreck ships, imaging the false teachers as hidden dangers within the fellowship; the maritime metaphor may be unfamiliar — preserve the plain sense of hidden danger.
Low Risk Terms
Amen
Approved rendering: आमेन
Transliteration: āmen
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Doxology
Inherited from Romans package. Closes the doxology (Jude 1:25).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy of Coming Judgment
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεύω
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Root used of Enoch’s prophecy of judgment (Jude 1:14), distinct from astrological forecasting.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: दटावणे
Transliteration: daṭāvaṇe
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Angelic Restraint
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9 (ἐπιτιμάω). ‘The Lord rebuke you’ — models Michael’s proper humility, deferring final judgment to God alone.
Cain
Approved rendering: काईन
Transliteration: Kāīn
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Biblical Persons
Jude 1:11 (Κάϊν). Requires a brief Genesis 4 background note given low OT narrative literacy in the target audience.
Balaam
Approved rendering: बलाम
Transliteration: Balām
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Biblical Persons
Jude 1:11 (Βαλαάμ). Requires a brief Numbers 22-24 background note.
Korah
Approved rendering: कोरह
Transliteration: Korah
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: Κόρε
Category: Biblical Persons
Jude 1:11 (Κόρε). Requires a brief Numbers 16 background note.
Enoch
Approved rendering: हनोख
Transliteration: Hanokh
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy of Coming Judgment
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Biblical Persons
Jude 1:14-15 (Ἑνώχ). Requires a brief Genesis 5:18-24 background note; the quotation source is 1 Enoch, a non-canonical Jewish text — a teaching note should distinguish Jude’s own inspired citation from 1 Enoch’s non-canonical status without undermining Jude’s own authority.
James
Approved rendering: याकोब
Transliteration: Yākob
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: Ἰάκωβος
Category: Biblical Persons
Jude 1:1 (Ἰάκωβος). Established Marathi Bible name form; Jude’s brother, likely James the Just, leader of the Jerusalem church.
Jude Author
Approved rendering: यहूदा
Transliteration: Yahūdā
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: Ἰούδας
Category: Biblical Persons
Jude 1:1 (Ἰούδας). Author’s name; follow existing Marathi Bible naming convention distinguishing this Jude from Judas Iscariot.
Servant
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: dās
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Jude 1:1 (δοῦλος). Established Marathi Christian term of honored servanthood to Christ, a title of honor, not shame.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: न अडखळता
Transliteration: na aḍakhaḷatā
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἄπταιστος
Category: Preservation
Jude 1:24 (ἄπταιστος). Positive assurance of final security, not merely partial protection.
Await Eagerly
Approved rendering: आतुरतेने वाट पाहणे
Transliteration: āturatene vāṭ pāhaṇe
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: προσδεχόμενοι
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:21 (προσδεχόμενοι). Confident, hope-filled anticipation of Christ’s mercy, not anxious uncertainty.
Cause Divisions
Approved rendering: फूट पाडणारे
Transliteration: phūṭ pāḍṇāre
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:19 (ἀποδιορίζοντες). Those who fracture church unity through factional splits — directly opposed to the letter’s call to contend together for one shared faith.
Build Up
Approved rendering: उभारणी करणे
Transliteration: ubhāraṇī karaṇe
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἐποικοδομέω
Category: Church
Jude 1:20 (ἐποικοδομέω). Constructive spiritual growth on the foundation of the most holy faith; positive counterpart to the false teachers’ divisiveness.
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: चिरंतन बंधने
Transliteration: cirantan bandhane
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom, Cain, Balaam, Korah)
Original: δεσμοὶ ἀΐδιοι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6 (δεσμοὶ ἀΐδιοι). Permanent binding restraint on the fallen angels, conveying the finality of their judgment.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: अविवेकी पशू
Transliteration: avivekī paśū
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:10 (ἄλογα ζῷα). Unreasoning beasts driven by instinct, a natural, standard Marathi idiom.
Bombastic Words
Approved rendering: गर्विष्ठ बडबड
Transliteration: garviṣṭha baḍbaḍ
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ὑπέρογκα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:16 (ὑπέρογκα). Grandiose, arrogant speech exceeding the substance behind it.
Flattery For Gain
Approved rendering: पक्षपाताने खोटी स्तुती करणे
Transliteration: pakṣapātāne khoṭī stutī karaṇe
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα…χάριν
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:16 (θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα…χάριν). Manipulative flattery shown for personal profit, echoing Balaam’s greed.
Nature Imagery
Approved rendering: निर्जल ढग / निष्फळ वृक्ष / भटकते तारे
Transliteration: nirjal ḍhag / niṣphaḷ vṛkṣa / bhaṭakte tāre
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι / δένδρα ἄκαρπα / ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:12-13 (νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι / δένδρα ἄκαρπα / ἀστέρες πλανῆται). Waterless clouds, fruitless trees, and wandering stars — vivid natural images of the false teachers’ spiritual emptiness and instability; translate plainly, preserving vividness.
Convict Expose
Approved rendering: दोषी ठरवणे
Transliteration: doṣī ṭharavaṇe
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy of Coming Judgment
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:15 (ἐλέγχω). Formal, evidence-based conviction of guilt, part of God’s coming judgment on the ungodly.
Referenced passages