Core Glossary
Hebrews — Core Glossary
TRI Phase 1, Step 2 Support Artifact (produced under Step 1 mandate)
English → Marathi
Curriculum: Hebrews (chapters 1–13)
Baseline dependency: translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json (Romans package) are the binding authority for every term listed there. This glossary only introduces terms new to the Hebrews curriculum, or notes explicitly where a Hebrews sense of a baseline term requires a translator caution beyond the original Romans entry.
Section 1 — Baseline Romans Terms Reused Unchanged in Hebrews
These terms occur in Hebrews and MUST be rendered exactly as fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json. No re-derivation permitted.
| English | Marathi | Risk | Hebrews occurrences (representative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout |
| Jesus | येशू | Critical | throughout |
| Lord | प्रभू | Critical | 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 13:6, 20 |
| Son of God | देवाचा पुत्र | Critical | 1:2-8; 4:14; 6:6; 7:3; 10:29 |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8, 14; 10:15, 29 |
| Father | पिता | Critical | 1:5; 12:7-9 |
| Incarnation (doctrine label) | देहधारण | Critical | 2:14; 5:7 (theological label for “partook of flesh and blood”) |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 6:2; 11:35; 13:20 |
| Messiah/Christ | मसीहा / ख्रिस्त | Critical | throughout |
| Salvation | तारण | Critical | 1:14; 2:3, 10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28 |
| Grace | कृपा | Critical/High | 2:9; 4:16; 10:29; 12:15, 28; 13:9, 25 |
| Faith | विश्वास | High | 4:2; 6:1, 12; 10:22, 38-39; ch. 11 throughout; 12:2; 13:7 |
| Righteousness | नीतिमत्त्व | Critical | 1:8-9; 5:13; 7:2; 11:7, 33; 12:11 |
| Holy | पवित्र | High | throughout |
| Saints/Holy Ones | पवित्र जन | High | 6:10; 13:24 |
| Sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | 2:11; 9:13; 10:10, 14, 29; 12:14; 13:12 |
| Adoption / sonship-family status | दत्तक पुत्रत्व | High | 2:10-13; 12:5-8 |
| Covenant | करार | High | throughout chs. 7-13 |
| Election / God’s choosing | देवाची निवड | High | 11:25 (Moses “chose” — contextual overlap, note not identical Greek term) |
| Called/Calling | बोलावलेले / पाचारण | High | 3:1; 5:4; 9:15; 11:8 |
| Glory | गौरव | High | 1:3; 2:7, 9-10; 3:3; 13:21 |
| Law | नियमशास्त्र | High | throughout chs. 7-10 |
| Sin | पाप | High | throughout |
| Peace | शांती | Medium | 7:2; 12:11, 14; 13:20 |
| Church | मंडळी | Medium | 2:12; 12:23 |
| Kingdom of God | देवाचे राज्य | Medium | 1:8; 12:28 |
| Intercession | मध्यस्थी | Medium | 7:25 |
| Providence | देवाचे विधान | High | 1:3 (“upholds the universe”); 13:20-21 |
| Thanksgiving | उपकारस्तुती | Low | 12:28; 13:15 |
| Fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | 10:33; 13:16 |
| Exhort | उत्तेजन देणे | Low | 3:13; 10:25; 13:22 |
| Obedience of Faith | विश्वासाचे आज्ञापालन | High | 5:8-9; 11:8 |
| David | दावीद | Medium | 4:7; 11:32 |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 8:8-10; 11:22 |
| Gentiles | अन्यजातीय | Medium | (implicit; not a major Hebrews term but retained for consistency) |
Section 2 — New Hebrews-Specific Terms (Full Glossary)
| # | English Term | Marathi | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | High Priest | महायाजक | mahāyājak | Critical | Christ as Great High Priest | 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1; 9:7, 11, 25 | Established Marathi Bible term for the Aaronic office, now applied to Christ’s superior, final priesthood. Never render with ब्राह्मण/पुरोहित (Hindu caste-priest categories, hereditary and non-final) |
| 2 | Priest | याजक | yājak | High | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | 5:6; 7:1-3, 11, 14-15, 20-23; 8:4; 10:11 | Reject ब्राह्मण/पुरोहित for the same reasons as #1 |
| 3 | Priesthood | याजकपद | yājakpad | High | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | 7:11-12, 24 | — |
| 4 | Levitical Priesthood | लेवीय याजकपद | levīya yājakpad | High | Superiority over Levitical Priesthood | 7:11 | Names the specific OT office Christ’s priesthood supersedes |
| 5 | Melchizedek | मलकीसदेक | Malkīsadek | Medium | Superiority of Christ’s Priesthood | 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | Proper name; transliterate consistently |
| 6 | Order of Melchizedek | मलकीसदेकाच्या श्रेणीप्रमाणे | Malkīsadekācyā śreṇīpramāṇe | High | Superiority of Christ’s Priesthood | 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:11, 17 | — |
| 7 | Sacrifice | बलिदान | balidān | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1; 7:27; 9:23, 26; 10:1, 5, 8, 12, 26; 11:4; 13:15-16 | Reject यज्ञ — यज्ञ is the central term for Vedic/Hindu fire-ritual sacrifice performed by Brahmin priests for cosmic order/merit; बलिदान avoids that ritual-mechanism association and is the established Marathi Christian term for atoning sacrifice |
| 8 | Offering | अर्पण | arpaṇ | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1; 8:3-4; 9:9; 10:5, 8, 10, 14, 18 | Distinct from बलिदान — used for the general act of presenting a gift/offering, often paired with बलिदाने |
| 9 | Blood of Christ | ख्रिस्ताचे रक्त | Khristāce rakta | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Access to God | 9:14; 10:19, 29; 12:24; 13:12, 20 | Central atonement-image; must never be abstracted away from the literal, historical shedding of blood |
| 10 | Tabernacle | निवासमंडप | nivāsmaṇḍap | Medium | Old vs. New Covenant typology | 8:2, 5; 9:1-11, 21; 13:10 | Established OT term |
| 11 | Most Holy Place / Holy of Holies | परमपवित्रस्थान | paramapavitrasthān | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:3, 8, 12, 24-25; 10:19 | Central “access” location-term |
| 12 | Veil / Curtain | पडदा | paḍdā | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 | Torn curtain = opened access; keep consistent across Hebrews and any Gospel-passion material |
| 13 | Mediator | मध्यस्थ | madhyastha | High | New Covenant / Christ as High Priest | 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | Distinguish from guru/purohit-style human intermediaries; Christ’s mediatorship is exclusive and covenant-establishing (agent noun, distinct from baseline’s मध्यस्थी = intercession, the act) |
| 14 | New Covenant | नवा करार | navā karār | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:8, 13; 9:15; 12:24 | Reuses baseline करार; elevated to Critical given the book’s central argument |
| 15 | Old / First Covenant | जुना करार / पहिला करार | junā karār / pahilā karār | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:7, 13; 9:1, 15, 18 | Deliberate contrast pairing with #14 |
| 16 | Eternal | सार्वकालिक | sārvakālik | Medium | multiple (redemption, inheritance, covenant, judgment) | 5:9; 6:2; 9:12, 14-15; 13:20 | Reject सनातन — directly names “Sanatana Dharma,” the self-designation of orthodox Hinduism as an eternal, uncreated religious-cosmic order; सार्वकालिक avoids that specific collision |
| 17 | Redemption | खंडणी | khaṇḍaṇī | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:12, 15; 11:35 | Ransom-price concept, distinct from तारण (salvation, baseline). Reject मुक्ती/मोक्ष for the same reasons documented against “salvation” in the baseline — this is a price paid by another, not a self- or bhakti-attained liberation |
| 18 | Purification | शुद्धीकरण | śuddhīkaraṇ | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 1:3; 9:13-14, 22-23 | Distinguish from ongoing पवित्रीकरण (sanctification, baseline): purification is the decisive cleansing accomplished once by Christ’s sacrifice |
| 19 | Conscience | विवेकबुद्धी | vivekbuddhī | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:9, 14; 10:2, 22; 13:18 | Standard Marathi philosophical/moral term; contrast outward ritual purity with this inward cleansing |
| 20 | Once for All | एकदाच | ekadāc | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 7:27; 9:12, 26-28; 10:10 | Must never be softened to imply repeatability |
| 21 | Perfect / Perfection (τελειόω) | पूर्ण करणे | pūrṇa karṇe | High | Christ as High Priest / OT Saints’ Faith | 2:10; 5:9; 7:19, 28; 9:9; 10:1, 14; 11:40; 12:23 | Reject सिद्ध/सिद्धी (yogic/Jain self-attained spiritual perfection); this is vocational qualification/completion granted by God, not self-cultivated attainment |
| 22 | Apostasy / Falling Away | विश्वासत्याग / विश्वासापासून ढळणे | viśvāsatyāg / viśvāsāpāsūn ḍhaḷaṇe | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy | 3:12; 6:6; 10:26, 29, 39 | Requires human theologian review at every occurrence given pastoral severity |
| 23 | Shadow / Copy | छाया / प्रतिरूप | chāyā / pratirūp | High | Old vs. New Covenant typology | 8:5; 9:23-24; 10:1 | Central “type vs. reality” vocabulary |
| 24 | Rest (κατάπαυσις) | विश्रांती | viśrāntī | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 3:11, 18; 4:1, 3, 5, 8, 10-11 | Faith-entered relational rest; must not be assimilated to मोक्ष/निर्वाण (release from cyclic existence) nor reduced to मनःशांती (meditative calm, baseline caution on “peace”) |
| 25 | Sabbath Rest | शब्बाथ विसावा | śabbāth visāvā | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 4:9 | Ties Christian rest typologically to OT Sabbath |
| 26 | Word of God (living/active) | देवाचे वचन (जिवंत व प्रभावी) | devāce vacan (jivant va prabhāvī) | Medium | Inspiration/Access | 4:12-13 | Reuse general “word” conventions; add “living and active” descriptor |
| 27 | Heir / Inheritance | वारस / वारसा | vāras / vārasā | Medium | Christ’s Supremacy / Adoption | 1:2, 4; 6:12, 17; 9:15; 11:7-9; 12:17 | Connects to baseline adoption doctrine |
| 28 | Firstborn | प्रथमजात | prathamajāt | High | Christ’s Supremacy | 1:6; 12:23 | Christ’s supreme, unique status; also “assembly of the firstborn” (corporate believers) |
| 29 | Throne of Grace | कृपेचे सिंहासन | kṛpece siṃhāsan | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16 | Reuses कृपा (baseline Critical) |
| 30 | Boldness / Confidence (παρρησία) | धैर्य | dhairya | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19, 35 | Christ-given access-confidence, not self-generated courage or ritual qualification |
| 31 | Elementary Principles | मूलतत्त्वे | mūlatattve | Low | Spiritual Maturity | 5:12; 6:1 | — |
| 32 | Repentance | पश्चात्ताप | paścāttāp | Medium | Foundational doctrine | 6:1, 6 | Genuine turning to God, not ritual regret |
| 33 | Laying on of Hands | हात ठेवणे | hāt ṭhevaṇe | Low | Foundational doctrine | 6:2 | — |
| 34 | Eternal Judgment | सार्वकालिक न्याय | sārvakālik nyāya | Medium | Warning Passages | 6:2; 9:27; 10:27, 30 | Reuses सार्वकालिक (#16) |
| 35 | Anchor of the Soul | जिवाचा नांगर | jivācā nāṅgar | Low | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:19 | — |
| 36 | Oath | शपथ | śapath | Medium | Assurance / Melchizedek priesthood | 6:16-17; 7:20-21, 28 | God’s double guarantee (word + oath) |
| 37 | Promise (ἐπαγγελία) | अभिवचन | abhivacan | Medium | Faith of OT Saints / New Covenant | 6:12, 15, 17; 8:6; 9:15; 11:9, 13, 33, 39 | Distinguish from करार (covenant, the binding relational bond); promise is the pledged content |
| 38 | Tithe | दशमांश | daśamāṃś | Low | Melchizedek’s Priesthood | 7:2, 4, 6, 8-9 | — |
| 39 | Mercy Seat (ἱλαστήριον) | दयासन | dayāsan | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Access to God | 9:5 | Must not read as humans ritually appeasing an angry deity (folk shanti/navas appeasement pattern); this is God’s own gracious provision for meeting sin with mercy |
| 40 | Ark of the Covenant | कराराचा कोश | karārācā kośa | Medium | Old Covenant typology | 9:4 | — |
| 41 | Reformation (διόρθωσις) | सुधारणेचा काळ | sudhāraṇēcā kāḷ | Low | New Covenant versus the Old | 9:10 | — |
| 42 | Not Made With Hands | हातांनी न बनवलेले | hātāṁnī na banavlele | Medium | Christ’s Heavenly Ministry | 9:11, 24 | Distinguishes heavenly reality from any humanly-constructed shrine/temple |
| 43 | Sprinkling | शिंपडणे | śimpaḍaṇe | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:13, 19, 21; 10:22; 12:24 | Ritual application of blood |
| 44 | Without Blemish | निर्दोष | nirdoṣ | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:14 | Christ’s sinlessness qualifies him as valid sacrifice |
| 45 | Dead Works | मृत कृत्ये | mṛta kṛtye | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 6:1; 9:14 | Use कृत्ये, never कर्मे — avoid importing Hindu/Buddhist karma-merit theology into “works” vocabulary |
| 46 | Serve (λατρεύω) | सेवा करणे | sevā karṇe | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:14; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10 | Avoid पूजा (idol-ritual worship) |
| 47 | Testament/Will (διαθήκη dual sense) | मृत्युपत्र (gloss alongside करार) | mṛtyupatra | High | New Covenant versus the Old | 9:16-17 | Untranslatable Greek wordplay (covenant/testament); requires translator footnote explaining the legal logic rather than forcing one Marathi word to carry both senses |
| 48 | Eternal Inheritance | सार्वकालिक वारसा | sārvakālik vārasā | Medium | New Covenant / Adoption | 9:15 | Reuses #16, #27 |
| 49 | Draw Near (προσέρχομαι) | जवळ येणे / जवळ जाणे | javaḷ yeṇe / javaḷ jāṇe | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16; 7:25; 10:1, 22; 11:6; 12:18, 22 | Central recurring exhortation; render identically at every occurrence |
| 50 | New and Living Way | नवा व जिवंत मार्ग | navā va jivant mārg | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 10:20 | — |
| 51 | Full Assurance (of faith) | पूर्ण खात्री | pūrṇa khātrī | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:11; 10:22 | Reuses विश्वास (baseline High) |
| 52 | Confession (ὁμολογία) | अंगीकार / प्रतिज्ञा | aṅgīkār / pratijñā | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 3:1; 4:14; 10:23 | Public, formal affirmation |
| 53 | Endurance (ὑπομονή) | सहनशीलता | sahanaśīlatā | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 10:36; 12:1 | — |
| 54 | Shrink Back (ὑποστέλλομαι) | माघार घेणे | māghār gheṇe | High | Danger of Apostasy | 10:38-39 | Direct antonym of persevering faith |
| 55 | Assurance (ὑπόστασις, Heb 11:1) | निश्चिती / आधार | niścitī / ādhār | High | Faith of OT Saints | 11:1 | Faith’s confident, real ground — not subjective bhakti-feeling |
| 56 | Conviction (ἔλεγχος, Heb 11:1) | खातरजमा | khātarjamā | Medium | Faith of OT Saints | 11:1 | Certainty about unseen realities |
| 57 | Strangers and Pilgrims | परके व प्रवासी | parke va pravāsī | High | Faith of OT Saints | 11:13 | Reject यात्रेकरू — evokes Warkari wari-pilgrimage (devotee’s own merit-journey to Pandharpur); this is displaced sojourner-identity awaiting a God-given homeland, not a self-undertaken devotional pilgrimage |
| 58 | Better Resurrection | श्रेष्ठ पुनरुत्थान | śreṣṭha punarutthān | Critical | Faith of OT Saints | 11:35 | Reuses baseline पुनरुत्थान |
| 59 | Author and Perfecter (of faith) | विश्वासाचा आरंभ करणारा व पूर्ण करणारा | viśvāsācā ārambh karṇārā va pūrṇa karṇārā | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:2 | Christ originates and completes believers’ faith |
| 60 | Discipline / Chastening (παιδεία) | शिस्त / ताडन | śist / tāḍan | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:5-11 | Loving Father’s corrective training, explicitly distinct from karmic retribution for past wrongdoing |
| 61 | Mount Zion / Heavenly Jerusalem | सियोन पर्वत / स्वर्गीय यरुशलेम | Siyon parvat / svargīya Yaruśalem | Medium | New Covenant versus the Old | 12:22 | Proper names; climactic covenant-contrast image |
| 62 | Consuming Fire | भस्म करणारा अग्नी | bhasma karṇārā agnī | Medium | Warning Passages | 12:29 | Describes God’s holy judgment; not to be confused with Vedic Agni-worship (no doctrinal collision beyond surface phonetics, flagged for translator awareness) |
| 63 | Brotherly Love | बंधुप्रेम | bandhuprem | Low | Christian community ethics | 13:1 | — |
| 64 | Hospitality | आतिथ्य | ātithya | Low | Christian community ethics | 13:2 | — |
| 65 | Altar | वेदी | vedī | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 13:10 | Established Marathi Bible term; distinguish contextually from Vedic ritual sites (no etymological confusion in practice, flagged for translator awareness) |
| 66 | Outside the Camp / Gate | छावणी/वेशीबाहेर | chāvṇī/veśībāher | Medium | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:11-13 | Reuses पवित्रीकरण (baseline High) in surrounding clause |
| 67 | Sacrifice of Praise | स्तुतीचे बलिदान | stutīce balidān | Low | Christian worship | 13:15 | Reuses बलिदान (#7) and उपकारस्तुती (baseline Low) |
| 68 | Angel | देवदूत | devadūt | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:4-7, 13; 2:2, 5, 7, 9, 16; 12:22; 13:2 | Established Marathi Christian term; distinguish from Hindu देवता (minor deities/spirits) — angels are created, worshiping servants of the one God, never objects of worship |
| 69 | Devil / Satan | सैतान | saitān | Medium | Christ’s Victory over Death | 2:14 | Established transliterated term |
| 70 | Propitiation (ἱλάσκομαι) | प्रायश्चित्त करणे | prāyaścitta karṇe | Critical | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:17 | प्रायश्चित्त is a live Hindu term for self-performed penance/expiation; must be explicitly reframed as Christ’s own substitutionary, priestly act on behalf of others, never as self-directed penance for one’s own sin/karma |
| 71 | House of God (οἶκος θεοῦ) | देवाचे घर/घराणे | devāce ghar/gharāṇe | Medium | Christ’s Superiority over Moses | 3:2-6; 10:21 | Both structure and household/family sense |
| 72 | Change of the Law (μετάθεσις νόμου) | नियमशास्त्रात बदल | niyamśāstrāt badal | High | New Covenant versus the Old | 7:12 | Reuses baseline नियमशास्त्र (High) |
| 73 | Indestructible Life | अविनाशी जीवन | avināśī jīvan | High | Superiority of Christ’s Priesthood | 7:16 | Connects to baseline पुनरुत्थान (Critical) |
| 74 | Guarantor / Surety (ἔγγυος) | जामीन / हमी देणारा | jāmīn / hamī deṇārā | Medium | New Covenant | 7:22 | Christ personally guarantees the New Covenant’s terms |
| 75 | Permanent Priesthood (ἀπαράβατος) | अढळ/चिरस्थायी याजकपद | aḍhaḷ/cirasthāyī yājakpad | High | Christ as Great High Priest | 7:24 | Grounds ongoing intercession and perseverance assurance |
| 76 | Fearful Expectation of Judgment | न्यायाची भयानक अपेक्षा | nyāyācī bhayānak apekṣā | High | Danger of Apostasy | 10:27 | Reuses न्याय (#34 family) |
| 77 | Sin Willfully | मुद्दाम पाप करणे | muddām pāp karaṇe | Critical | Danger of Apostasy | 10:26 | Deliberate, knowing rejection of received truth; reuses baseline पाप (High) |
Section 3 — Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Consistency
- बलिदान (sacrifice) and अर्पण (offering) must be kept lexically distinct throughout — बलिदान for the atoning sacrificial act/victim, अर्पण for the broader category of gifts/offerings presented.
- महायाजक (high priest) must never be abbreviated to याजक (priest) when the text specifically distinguishes the singular high-priestly office (esp. Hebrews 4–9).
- पूर्ण करणे (perfect/perfected, τελειόω) recurs as a load-bearing term across chs. 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 — render consistently; do not vary with सिद्ध, पूर्णत्व, or other near-synonyms without a documented reason logged to translation memory.
- जवळ येणे / जवळ जाणे (draw near, προσέρχομαι) is the book’s signature “access” exhortation (4:16; 7:25; 10:22; 11:6; 12:18, 22) — a single consistent Marathi rendering is required across all five occurrences per the Theological Consistency Rules established in the baseline
12_ai_translation_requirements.md. - खंडणी (redemption) and तारण (salvation, baseline Critical) are distinct terms for distinct Greek words (λύτρωσις vs. σωτηρία) — do not merge them into one Marathi word even though both are soteriological.
- करार (covenant) carries the added burden in Hebrews 9:16-17 of also meaning “testament/will” — see glossary entry #47; this wordplay requires a translator footnote, not a lexical solution.
- All new Critical-risk terms in this glossary (#7, 9, 14, 17, 22, 39, 58, 70, 77) require human theologian review at every occurrence, per the baseline’s risk-tier routing rules.
- This glossary must be merged into an updated
translation_memory.json(version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation of Hebrews begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: देव is the everyday Marathi word for any deity at all (Ganpati, Vitthal, a village deity), so it flattens monotheistic exclusivity if used alone for the God of Hebrews. परमेश्वर (Supreme Lord) is preferred for doctrinal precision. Addressed throughout Hebrews as speaker, judge, and covenant-maker.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. येशू is the Marathi Christian standard; ईसा is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: applied to Christ at Hebrews 1:10, 2:3, 7:14, 13:6, 20. Must convey exclusive, supreme, presently-reigning Lordship, not one lord among the many personal deities of a devotee’s bhakti practice.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचा पुत्र
Transliteration: devācā putra
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ / υἱός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: full phrase required. Hebrews 1:5-8 stresses this Sonship is never shared with any angel; never an honorific bestowed on an especially devoted or enlightened figure.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never परमात्मा (Hindu Universal Self) or ब्रह्म (Brahman). Testifies through Scripture (Heb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15) and warns against hardened hearts.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Divine Fatherly Discipline
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father, especially in his disciplining of sons (Heb 12:7-9).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, बोधिसत्त्वाचा पुनर्जन्म
Original: σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα μετέσχεν
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never अवतार (Vitthal/Krishna avatar-descent). Also guards against the Bodhisattva ideal of repeated compassionate rebirth. Applied to Hebrews 2:14 (‘partook of flesh and blood’) and 5:7 (‘in the days of his flesh’) — a one-time, unique assumption of humanity by the eternal Son.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment / Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never पुनर्जन्म or पुनर्भव. Applies to Hebrews 6:2; 11:35 (‘better resurrection’); 13:20 (Christ’s own resurrection). Bodily, historical, once-for-all.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीहा / ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: Masīhā / Khrist
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The unique OT-promised deliverer, referred to throughout Hebrews as ख्रिस्त, never one of many avatar-descents.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER मोक्ष, मुक्ती, or निर्वाण. Occurs at Hebrews 1:14; 2:3, 10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28. Keep lexically distinct from the Hebrews-specific term खंडणी (redemption, λύτρωσις), a related but separate Greek word.
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Approached at the ‘throne of grace’ (4:16); warned against being ‘outraged’ (10:29) or ‘failing to obtain’ (12:15). This must never be read as failing to earn merit through devotional effort, but as refusing an offered, unearned gift.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: nītimattva
Doctrine: Divine Fatherly Discipline
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never धर्म. Applied to Christ’s throne (1:8-9), Melchizedek’s name (7:2), and the ‘peaceful fruit’ of discipline (12:11).
High Priest
Approved rendering: महायाजक
Transliteration: mahāyājak
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: ब्राह्मण, पुरोहित
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
Established Marathi Bible term for the Aaronic office, applied uniquely and supremely to Christ. Never render with ब्राह्मण/पुरोहित, the hereditary Hindu caste-priest category whose authority is transmitted by birth and repeated across a lifetime of rites — Christ’s high priesthood is uniquely self-qualifying, singular, and permanent. Occurs at 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1; 9:7, 11, 25.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: बलिदान
Transliteration: balidān
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञ
Original: θυσία
Category: Atonement
CRITICAL — the single highest-stakes lexical fence in the Hebrews curriculum. NEVER यज्ञ, the Vedic/Hindu term for ritual fire-sacrifice performed by Brahmin priests to sustain cosmic order or accumulate merit, repeated across a lifetime and generations. बलिदान is the established Marathi Christian term free of that ritual-mechanism association. Culminates in Christ’s own single, once-for-all offering of himself.
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्ताचे रक्त
Transliteration: Khristāce rakta
Doctrine: Propitiation and Access through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Atonement
Christ’s atoning death, the central image of Hebrews’ argument for cleansing, access, and the new covenant (9:14; 10:19, 29; 12:24; 13:12, 20). Must never be abstracted away from the literal, historical shedding of blood — no bloodless euphemism permitted.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नवा करार
Transliteration: navā karār
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
The covenant promised in Jeremiah 31, inaugurated by Christ’s blood, superseding, fulfilling, and superior to the Mosaic covenant (8:8, 13; 9:15; 12:24). Reuses baseline करार but elevated to Critical given Hebrews’ central New-vs-Old-Covenant argument spanning chapters 7-13.
Redemption
Approved rendering: खंडणी
Transliteration: khaṇḍaṇī
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ती, मोक्ष
Original: λύτρωσις
Category: Atonement
Deliverance secured by a ransom price, permanent in effect (9:12, 15; 11:35); distinct from σωτηρία (तारण, salvation). Reject मुक्ती/मोक्ष for the same reasons documented against ‘salvation’ in the baseline — this is a price paid by another, not a self- or bhakti-attained liberation. Keep lexically distinct from तारण at every occurrence.
Apostasy Falling Away
Approved rendering: विश्वासत्याग / विश्वासापासून ढळणे
Transliteration: viśvāsatyāg / viśvāsāpāsūn ḍhaḷaṇe
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀφίστημι / παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
Willful, decisive departure from the living God and from a once-professed faith (3:12; 6:6; 10:26, 29, 39). Requires human theologian review at every occurrence given pastoral severity. Note: त्याग also names honored religious renunciation (Hindu sannyasa; Ambedkar’s own conversion rhetoric) — context must always mark this compound as loss, never virtuous departure.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: दयासन
Transliteration: dayāsan
Doctrine: Propitiation and Access through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
The gold cover of the ark where atoning blood was applied on the Day of Atonement, fulfilled and surpassed by Christ himself (9:5). Must not read as a device for humans to ritually appease an angry deity (folk shanti/navas appeasement practices); frame consistently as God’s own gracious provision of the meeting-place for mercy.
Better Resurrection
Approved rendering: श्रेष्ठ पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: śreṣṭha punarutthān
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: κρείττων ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
The bodily resurrection to eternal life hoped for by tortured OT martyrs, better than mere restoration to mortal life (11:35). Reuses baseline पुनरुत्थान exactly (Critical); a genuinely novel comparative claim with no equivalent gradation in Hindu rebirth or Buddhist punarbhava.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त करणे
Transliteration: prāyaścitta karṇe
Doctrine: Propitiation and Access through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
To make atonement that deals with sin’s guilt before God; Christ as merciful and faithful high priest making propitiation for the people (2:17). प्रायश्चित्त is a live Hindu term for self-performed penance/expiation (navas/vrata) to atone for one’s own sin or bad karma. Permitted ONLY with Christ as the explicit grammatical subject performing the act for others — never the sinner performing self-directed penance. Requires an explicit translator note at every occurrence; verify at the sentence level, not just the word level.
Sin Willfully
Approved rendering: मुद्दाम पाप करणे
Transliteration: muddām pāp karaṇe
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνειν
Category: Apostasy
Deliberate, knowing rejection of the truth already received, after which no further sacrifice for sin remains (10:26). Core to the apostasy doctrine; reuses baseline पाप (High). Must convey a settled, knowing rejection of received truth, not an accumulating tally of infractions — guard against karma-ledger misreading. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Defined structurally for the first time in Scripture at Hebrews 11:1 as the confident ground of things hoped for; not the devotional reverence (bhakti/shraddha) directed at Vitthal, nor confidence placed in a teaching or path.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Describes Christ’s priestly qualification (7:26) and the moral character required to ‘see the Lord’ (12:14).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics
Rejected alternatives: संत, मुनी
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never संत, which names the revered Warkari poet-saints. All believers as a corporate holy people (6:10; 13:24).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण (reserved for the Hebrews-specific decisive purification term)
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews’ ‘once for all’ sanctification (10:10) must be distinguished in translator notes from the Levitical outward ceremonial sanctifying of 9:13, from the new Hebrews-specific term शुद्धीकरण (purification), and from Buddhist self-directed ethical cultivation.
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्रत्व
Transliteration: dattak putratva
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship of Believers
Rejected alternatives: दत्तक घेणे
Original: υἱοί (cf. υἱοθεσία, Romans)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Argued through shared solidarity with Christ (‘brothers,’ 2:11-13) and fatherly discipline (12:5-8). Present relationally; do not make this doctrine depend on a particular prior metaphysics of an enduring self, given Navayana Buddhist anatta teaching.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: वचन
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Central organizing category of Hebrews chapters 7-13. See new_covenant (elevated Critical) and testament_will_wordplay for the 9:16-17 legal-sense shift.
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐπιλέγομαι (cf. Heb 11:25, Moses ‘chose’)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 11:25 applies choosing-language to Moses’ own choice to suffer with God’s people, illuminating faith’s response to God’s prior calling; not the identical technical Greek term as Romans’ ἐκλογή but the same conceptual family. Avoid any phrasing evoking नशीब/कर्मफळ.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κεκλημένοι / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 9:15: ‘those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: पाचारण
Transliteration: pācāraṇ
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Rejected alternatives: आवाहन
Original: κλῆσις (cf. Heb 3:1, ‘heavenly calling’)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 3:1 speaks of believers as ‘partakers of a heavenly calling.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Christ is the ‘radiance’ of God’s glory (1:3), and believers are being brought to glory (2:10). Avoid light-only imagery merging with devotional divine-light or bodhi/enlightenment associations.
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, धम्म
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER धर्म or धम्म. Its priesthood-dependent structure changes when the priesthood changes (7:12) and it is fulfilled by being written on hearts under the new covenant (8:10).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Dealt with decisively by Christ’s sacrifice (9:26); warned against when committed willfully (10:26). Never phrase universal or willful sin so as to echo caste-Hindu birth-karma sin frameworks.
Providence
Approved rendering: देवाचे विधान
Transliteration: devāce vidhān
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, कर्माचा नियम
Original: φέρων τε τὰ πάντα (cf. Heb 1:3, ‘upholding all things’)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God’s/Christ’s personal, purposive governance and sustaining of all things (1:3), and equipping work for believers (13:20-21); must not echo an impersonal karma/fate framework.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासाचे आज्ञापालन
Transliteration: viśvāsāce āgnāpālan
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य
Original: ὑπακοή (cf. Heb 5:8-9, 11:8)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Modeled by Christ’s own learned obedience through suffering (5:8-9) and by Abraham’s obedient departure by faith (11:8); not धार्मिक कर्तव्य-style compliance, nor Buddhist disciplined self-effort.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Inherited from Romans package. Use सामर्थ्य; never शक्ती. Relevant at Hebrews 1:3 (‘upholding the universe by the word of his power’).
Priest
Approved rendering: याजक
Transliteration: yājak
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ब्राह्मण, पुरोहित
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
One who offers sacrifices and mediates access to God under the Old Covenant system; Melchizedek and the Levites are both called this. Reject ब्राह्मण/पुरोहित for the same reasons as high_priest. Keep distinct from महायाजक (the specific high-priestly office).
Priesthood
Approved rendering: याजकपद
Transliteration: yājakpad
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
The office and function of priestly mediation; a change of priesthood necessitates a change of law (7:12).
Levitical Priesthood
Approved rendering: लेवीय याजकपद
Transliteration: levīya yājakpad
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: Λευιτικὴ ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
The specific hereditary OT priestly office descended from Levi, superseded by Christ’s priesthood (7:11). Names the specific OT office being superseded, not a general critique of hereditary priesthood as a category — avoid unintended overlap with caste-critique discourse live for Ambedkarite Buddhist readers, who explicitly rejected caste-based hereditary religious authority.
Order Of Melchizedek
Approved rendering: मलकीसदेकाच्या श्रेणीप्रमाणे
Transliteration: Malkīsadekācyā śreṇīpramāṇe
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Priesthood as Type of Christ’s Eternal Priesthood
Original: τάξις Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
A priestly rank distinct from and superior to the Levitical line, into which Christ is declared priest ‘forever’ (5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:11, 17). Central OT-typological argument for Christ’s superior priesthood.
Offering
Approved rendering: अर्पण
Transliteration: arpaṇ
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφορά / δῶρον
Category: Atonement
The general category of gifts/offerings presented to God, often paired with sacrifices (5:1; 8:3-4; 9:9; 10:5, 8, 10, 18). Keep lexically distinct from बलिदान (the atoning sacrificial victim specifically).
Most Holy Place
Approved rendering: परमपवित्रस्थान
Transliteration: paramapavitrasthān
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων / ἅγια ἁγίων
Category: Access
The innermost sanctuary chamber, entered once yearly by the high priest, now entered by Christ himself and, in him, by believers (9:3, 8, 12, 24-25; 10:19). Central location-term for the doctrine of access to God.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: पडदा
Transliteration: paḍdā
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Access
The temple curtain separating the Most Holy Place, torn at Christ’s death, opening a new way of access (6:19; 9:3; 10:20). Keep consistent across Hebrews and any Gospel passion-narrative materials.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
One who establishes and guarantees a covenant between two parties; Christ alone mediates the New Covenant (8:6; 9:15; 12:24). Distinguish from Hindu guru-as-mediator or purohit-as-ritual-intermediary, and distinguish this agent-noun from मध्यस्थी (intercession, the act).
Old First Covenant
Approved rendering: जुना करार / पहिला करार
Transliteration: junā karār / pahilā karār
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πρώτη διαθήκη / παλαιά
Category: Covenant
The Sinai/Mosaic covenant, declared ‘obsolete’ by God’s own prophesied promise of a new one (8:7, 13; 9:1, 15, 18). Must not be phrased as if the old covenant were merely a defective system to be rejected, but as God’s own appointed, now-fulfilled provision — guard against sharpening Hebrews’ own rhetorical risk further, given historical missionary rhetoric in Maharashtra that sometimes cast Hindu tradition wholesale as spiritually void.
Purification
Approved rendering: शुद्धीकरण
Transliteration: śuddhīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Original: καθαρισμός / καθαρίζω
Category: Atonement
Decisive cleansing from sin, accomplished once by Christ’s sacrifice (1:3; 9:13-14, 22-23). Distinguish from ongoing baseline पवित्रीकरण (sanctification) — purification is the decisive cleansing act, sanctification the ongoing formation.
Once For All
Approved rendering: एकदाच
Transliteration: ekadāc
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: एकदा
Original: ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
Unrepeatable finality, contrasting Christ’s single sacrificial entry with the yearly repeated Levitical rites (7:27; 9:12, 26-28; 10:10). Must never be softened to imply repeatability; use एकदाच, not the weaker एकदा.
Perfect Perfection
Approved rendering: पूर्ण करणे
Transliteration: pūrṇa karṇe
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध, सिद्धी
Original: τελειόω
Category: Christology
To bring to completion/full qualification for a role, not moral correction of a flaw; applied to Christ’s priestly qualification and to believers’ completed standing (2:10; 5:9; 7:19, 28; 9:9; 10:1, 14; 11:40; 12:23). Avoid सिद्ध/सिद्धी (yogic/Jain self-attained spiritual perfection) — this is vocational completion granted by God, not self-cultivated attainment.
Shadow Copy
Approved rendering: छाया / प्रतिरूप
Transliteration: chāyā / pratirūp
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: σκιά / ὑπόδειγμα
Category: Covenant
The earthly, provisional representation of a heavenly reality; the Levitical system is a copy, not the substance (8:5; 9:23-24; 10:1). Central ‘type vs. reality’ vocabulary running through chapters 8-10. Ensure छाया is not read as illusion/unreality (a possible resonance with Hindu māyā philosophical vocabulary; low-priority translator awareness).
Rest Katapausis
Approved rendering: विश्रांती
Transliteration: viśrāntī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण, मनःशांती
Original: κατάπαυσις
Category: Perseverance
A relational, faith-entered rest in God’s finished work (3:11, 18; 4:1, 3, 5, 8, 10-11). Must not be assimilated to मोक्ष/मुक्ती (release from cyclic existence through bhakti) or निर्वाण (Buddhist extinguishing of craving), nor reduced to मनःशांती (meditative calm). Requires positive theological construction in surrounding text, not term-choice alone.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: प्रथमजात
Transliteration: prathamajāt
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
Christ’s supreme, unique status (1:6), and the corporate title of believers as the ‘assembly of the firstborn’ (12:23). Context-sensitive between the two senses.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: धैर्य
Transliteration: dhairya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Access
Confident, unashamed approach to God’s throne, given through Christ (3:6; 4:16; 10:19, 35). This Christ-given access-confidence, not self-generated courage or ritual qualification — reinforce with surrounding clause structure tying boldness to Christ’s provided ground.
Eternal Judgment
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक न्याय
Transliteration: sārvakālik nyāya
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment
Original: κρίμα αἰώνιον / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
God’s final, single evaluative judgment following each person’s single death (6:2; 9:27; 10:27, 30). Must positively exclude reincarnation/rebirth as a live possibility — a direct doctrinal collision point with Hindu and Buddhist rebirth cosmologies.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: मृत कृत्ये
Transliteration: mṛta kṛtye
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: कर्मे
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Atonement
Deeds/rituals that cannot give life or cleanse the conscience (6:1; 9:14). Use कृत्ये, never कर्मे — कर्मे is the overwhelmingly natural, unmarked Marathi word for ‘deeds’ and would import Hindu/Buddhist karma-merit theology where actions accumulate merit/result across lives. High drift-risk; flag at every occurrence.
Testament Will Wordplay
Approved rendering: करार + मृत्युपत्र (gloss)
Transliteration: karār + mṛtyupatra
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη (legal ‘will/testament’ sense, Heb 9:16-17)
Category: Covenant
The same Greek word rendered ‘covenant’ elsewhere shifts at Hebrews 9:16-17 to its legal sense of ‘last will,’ activated only by the testator’s death. करार does not carry this legal sense. Render the logic via explanatory gloss (मृत्युपत्र, ‘death-document/will’) with a MANDATORY translator footnote, not by forcing one Marathi word to carry both senses. This sits inside the core passage (9:11-28) and is high-priority for comprehension, not syncretism.
Draw Near
Approved rendering: जवळ येणे / जवळ जाणे
Transliteration: javaḷ yeṇe / javaḷ jāṇe
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: समीप जाणे, निकट येणे
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Access
The book’s signature exhortation to approach God confidently through Christ (4:16; 7:25; 10:22; 11:6; 12:18, 22). FIX one primary rendering (जवळ येणे) for Phase 2 consistency across all five occurrences per the theological consistency rules; use जवळ जाणे only where grammatical direction requires it.
Full Assurance
Approved rendering: पूर्ण खात्री
Transliteration: pūrṇa khātrī
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Perseverance
Complete, unwavering confidence of faith and hope (6:11; 10:22). Reuses baseline विश्वास (High).
Endurance
Approved rendering: सहनशीलता
Transliteration: sahanaśīlatā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Patient steadfastness under pressure over time, needed to receive what is promised (10:36; 12:1). Central Perseverance-doctrine term.
Shrink Back
Approved rendering: माघार घेणे
Transliteration: māghār gheṇe
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ὑποστέλλομαι
Category: Apostasy
Cowardly retreat from faith’s commitment, the direct antonym of persevering faith (10:38-39).
Assurance Hypostasis
Approved rendering: निश्चिती / आधार
Transliteration: niścitī / ādhār
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
The confident, real ground of things hoped for, defining faith in Hebrews 11:1; distinguished from bhakti’s devotional feeling or Buddhist confidence in a teaching/path.
Strangers Pilgrims
Approved rendering: परके व प्रवासी
Transliteration: parke va pravāsī
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: यात्रेकरू
Original: ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Faith
The patriarchs’ self-understanding as temporary, non-belonging residents on earth, awaiting a heavenly homeland (11:13). ABSOLUTE FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION: यात्रेकरू, which carries strong Warkari wari-pilgrimage connotations of a devotee’s own merit-earning journey to Pandharpur; this is displaced sojourner-identity awaiting a God-given homeland, the reverse of a self-undertaken devotional pilgrimage.
Author And Perfecter
Approved rendering: विश्वासाचा आरंभ करणारा व पूर्ण करणारा
Transliteration: viśvāsācā ārambh karṇārā va pūrṇa karṇārā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτής
Category: Christology
Christ as both the one who originates and the one who brings believers’ faith to completion (12:2). Full descriptive phrase required; compression into a single compound noun would obscure either the ‘originates’ or the ‘completes’ half of the doctrine.
Discipline Chastening
Approved rendering: शिस्त / ताडन
Transliteration: śist / tāḍan
Doctrine: Divine Fatherly Discipline
Original: παιδεία
Category: Perseverance
A father’s formative correction of a beloved child, evidence of genuine sonship, not punitive rejection (12:5-11). ताडन can carry a punitive-beating connotation in ordinary Marathi; lead with शिस्त and use ताडन only as a supporting term, with surrounding text making explicit this is formative, fatherly correction, not an impersonal karma-based retributive-punishment framework for past wrongdoing.
Change Of Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्रात बदल
Transliteration: niyamśāstrāt badal
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μετάθεσις νόμου
Category: Covenant
A change in priesthood necessarily changes the law governing it, grounding the New Covenant doctrine (7:12). Reuses baseline नियमशास्त्र (High); do not compress, losing the causal (‘necessarily’) force of the argument.
Indestructible Life
Approved rendering: अविनाशी जीवन
Transliteration: avināśī jīvan
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Priesthood as Type of Christ’s Eternal Priesthood
Original: ζωὴ ἀκατάλυτος
Category: Priesthood
Life that cannot be destroyed/ended; Christ’s priesthood rests on his own endless, resurrection life (7:16). Connect explicitly to baseline पुनरुत्थान (Critical) in translator notes.
Permanent Priesthood
Approved rendering: अढळ याजकपद
Transliteration: aḍhaḷ yājakpad
Doctrine: Christ’s Ongoing Intercession
Rejected alternatives: चिरस्थायी याजकपद
Original: ἀπαράβατος
Category: Priesthood
Christ’s priesthood cannot pass to a successor, unlike the Levitical line which required constant replacement due to death (7:24). FIX अढळ (conveying ‘cannot be transferred/dislodged’) as the single Phase 2 rendering; retire चिरस्थायी (‘long-enduring’) as a documented alternative only, to prevent inconsistent alternation weakening the non-transferability point.
Fearful Expectation Judgment
Approved rendering: न्यायाची भयानक अपेक्षा
Transliteration: nyāyācī bhayānak apekṣā
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: φοβερὰ ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως
Category: Apostasy
The dreadful anticipation of judgment awaiting those who deliberately reject Christ’s sacrifice (10:27). Reuses eternal_judgment vocabulary within the apostasy warning; retain the descriptive phrase rather than compressing to a single word, which would lose the dread-nuance.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Priesthood as Type of Christ’s Eternal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Melchizedek’s kingly title (‘king of peace,’ 7:2), fruit of discipline (12:11), and God’s benediction (13:20).
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: The Assembly of the Firstborn and the Heavenly Jerusalem
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Christ proclaims God’s name ‘in the midst of the ἐκκλησία’ (2:12); believers belong to the ‘assembly of the firstborn’ (12:23). Never देऊळ/मंदिर.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरी राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign, unshakeable reign (1:8; 12:28), contrasted with every earthly, shakeable order.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थी
Transliteration: madhyasthī
Doctrine: Christ’s Ongoing Intercession
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Christ’s ongoing pleading on believers’ behalf before God (7:25). Distinguish this act-noun from the new Hebrews agent-noun मध्यस्थ (mediator).
David
Approved rendering: दावीद
Transliteration: Dāvīd
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced in the Psalm 95 ‘Today’ quotation (4:7) and among the faith heroes (11:32).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāel
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Subject of the New Covenant promise quoted from Jeremiah (8:8-10) and of Joseph’s dying instructions (11:22).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीय
Transliteration: anyajātīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles (cross-curriculum consistency)
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Not a major Hebrews theme but retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Unusually applied to Christ himself at Hebrews 3:1 (‘the apostle and high priest of our confession’); do not render as a generic guru or teacher title.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: मलकीसदेक
Transliteration: Malkīsadek
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Priesthood as Type of Christ’s Eternal Priesthood
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
The king-priest of Salem (Genesis 14) typifying Christ’s eternal, non-Levitical priesthood. Proper name; transliterate consistently.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: निवासमंडप
Transliteration: nivāsmaṇḍap
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: σκηνή
Category: Covenant
The OT tent of meeting, and by extension the greater heavenly tabernacle Christ’s ministry serves (8:2, 5; 9:1-11, 21; 13:10). Established OT term.
Eternal
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक
Transliteration: sārvakālik
Doctrine: The Inheritance Promised to God’s People
Rejected alternatives: सनातन
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Describes redemption, salvation, inheritance, covenant, and judgment throughout Hebrews (5:9; 6:2; 9:12, 14-15; 13:20). NEVER सनातन, which directly names ‘Sanatana Dharma,’ orthodox Hinduism’s self-designation as an eternal, uncreated religious-cosmic order.
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेकबुद्धी
Transliteration: vivekbuddhī
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Access
Inner moral awareness/self-judgment, cleansed by Christ’s blood in contrast to merely external ritual purity (9:9, 14; 10:2, 22; 13:18). Standard Marathi philosophical/moral term, not tradition-specific.
Sabbath Rest
Approved rendering: शब्बाथ विसावा
Transliteration: śabbāth visāvā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: σαββατισμός
Category: Perseverance
A remaining Sabbath-rest for God’s people, fulfilled eschatologically in Christ (4:9). Ties Christian rest typologically to the OT Sabbath; transliterate शब्बाथ, paraphrase विसावा.
Word Of God Hebrews
Approved rendering: देवाचे वचन
Transliteration: devāce vacan
Doctrine: The Inspired, Living Word of God
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Faith
God’s living, active, discerning speech, ‘sharper than any two-edged sword’ (4:12-13). Distinguish from the devotional poetry (अभंग) of the Warkari sant-poets — treasured wisdom, but not claiming the status of God’s own spoken, judging word.
Heir Inheritance
Approved rendering: वारस / वारसा
Transliteration: vāras / vārasā
Doctrine: The Inheritance Promised to God’s People
Original: κληρονόμος / κληρονομία
Category: Christology
Full ownership/inheritance rights; Christ is ‘heir of all things’ (1:2) and believers are ‘heirs of salvation’ (1:14). Connects to baseline adoption doctrine.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: कृपेचे सिंहासन
Transliteration: kṛpece siṃhāsan
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Access
God’s throne approached not in judgment but for mercy and help (4:16). Reuses baseline कृपा (Critical).
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चात्ताप
Transliteration: paścāttāp
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Faith
Genuine turning from dead works toward God, a foundational Christian doctrine (6:1, 6); not ritual regret.
Oath
Approved rendering: शपथ
Transliteration: śapath
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
God’s own sworn guarantee, doubly securing his promise alongside his word (6:16-17; 7:20-21, 28).
Promise Epangelia
Approved rendering: अभिवचन
Transliteration: abhivacan
Doctrine: The Inheritance Promised to God’s People
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
God’s pledged content, distinct from करार (the binding relational bond itself) (6:12, 15, 17; 8:6; 9:15; 11:9, 13, 33, 39).
Ark Of Covenant
Approved rendering: कराराचा कोश
Transliteration: karārācā kośa
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
The sacred chest containing the covenant tokens, physical symbol of God’s covenant presence (9:4).
Not Made With Hands
Approved rendering: हातांनी न बनवलेले
Transliteration: hātāṁnī na banavlele
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἀχειροποίητος / χειροποίητα
Category: Access
Describes what is divine/heavenly in origin, not humanly constructed, contrasted with the humanly-built earthly tabernacle (9:11, 24).
Sprinkling
Approved rendering: शिंपडणे
Transliteration: śimpaḍaṇe
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ῥαντισμός / ῥαντίζω
Category: Atonement
Ritual application of blood/water for cleansing, both in the old system and applied inwardly to hearts under the new (9:13, 19, 21; 10:22; 12:24).
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdoṣ
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
OT sacrificial-animal qualification language applied to Christ’s moral perfection/sinlessness (9:14), qualifying him as valid, sufficient sacrifice.
Serve Latreuo
Approved rendering: सेवा करणे
Transliteration: sevā karṇe
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Sanctification
Priestly/cultic service to God, rendered by a cleansed conscience (9:14; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10). Avoid पूजा (idol-worship connotation).
Eternal Inheritance
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक वारसा
Transliteration: sārvakālik vārasā
Doctrine: The Inheritance Promised to God’s People
Original: αἰωνία κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
The promised, permanent inheritance secured for God’s people through the New Covenant (9:15). Connect explicitly to baseline adoption doctrine.
New And Living Way
Approved rendering: नवा व जिवंत मार्ग
Transliteration: navā va jivant mārg
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα
Category: Access
The access route into God’s presence opened through Christ’s torn flesh/the torn curtain (10:20).
Confession Homologia
Approved rendering: अंगीकार / प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: aṅgīkār / pratijñā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Perseverance
Public, formal affirmation of shared Christian belief, to be held fast without wavering (3:1; 4:14; 10:23).
Conviction Elenchos
Approved rendering: खातरजमा
Transliteration: khātarjamā
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
Certainty/conviction about unseen realities, treated with the same confidence as demonstrated fact — second half of the Hebrews 11:1 definition of faith.
Mount Zion
Approved rendering: सियोन पर्वत / स्वर्गीय यरुशलेम
Transliteration: Siyon parvat / svargīya Yaruśalem
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὄρος Σιὼν / Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Covenant
The New Covenant reality contrasted with Mount Sinai’s terrifying old-covenant scene (12:22). Proper names; climactic covenant-contrast image.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: भस्म करणारा अग्नी
Transliteration: bhasma karṇārā agnī
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: Eschatology
God’s holy, judging presence (Deuteronomy 4:24), closing Hebrews’ final warning of reverent awe (12:29); not to be confused with Vedic Agni-worship (no doctrinal collision beyond surface phonetics, flagged for translator awareness).
Altar
Approved rendering: वेदी
Transliteration: vedī
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
The place of sacrificial offering; metaphorically, believers’ unique access to Christ’s sacrifice, denied to those still under the old system (13:10). Established Marathi Bible term; distinguish contextually from any implied Vedic ritual site (no etymological confusion in practice, flagged for translator awareness).
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: छावणी/वेशीबाहेर
Transliteration: chāvṇī/veśībāher
Doctrine: Sanctification through Christ’s Sacrifice
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς / πύλης
Category: Atonement
Where the sin-offering’s carcass was burned and where Christ was crucified, to sanctify the people (13:11-13). Reuses baseline पवित्रीकरण in the surrounding clause.
Angel
Approved rendering: देवदूत
Transliteration: devadūt
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
A created heavenly being who serves and worships God, argued in chapter 1 to be inferior to the Son (1:4-7, 13; 2:2, 5, 7, 9, 16; 12:22; 13:2). Distinguish from the broader Hindu category of देवता/उपदेवता (minor deities/spirits); angels are created, worshiping servants of the one God, never objects of worship themselves.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: saitān
Doctrine: Christ’s Victory over the Devil and Death
Original: διάβολος
Category: Christology
The personal evil spiritual adversary who held the power of death until defeated by Christ (2:14). Established transliterated term in Marathi Christian usage; must not be flattened into an impersonal force or merely psychological release from fear.
House Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे घर/घराणे
Transliteration: devāce ghar/gharāṇe
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
Both the physical structure and the family/household of God; Moses served in it, Christ rules over it as Son (3:2-6; 10:21).
Guarantor Surety
Approved rendering: जामीन / हमी देणारा
Transliteration: jāmīn / hamī deṇārā
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
One who personally guarantees a covenant’s terms; Christ himself guarantees the New Covenant by oath (7:22). Unprecedented personal guarantee.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: उपकारस्तुती
Transliteration: upakārastutī
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics
Original: εὐχαριστία (cf. Heb 12:28, 13:15)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Expressed as worship ‘acceptable to God’ (12:28; 13:15).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics
Rejected alternatives: मैत्री
Original: κοινωνέω / κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Shared participation, including sharing in others’ sufferings (10:33) and material sharing (13:16).
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणे
Transliteration: uttejan deṇe
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Exhorting one another’ daily against hardened hearts (3:13) and not neglecting to meet together (10:25).
Prophet
Approved rendering: संदेष्टा
Transliteration: sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Divine Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 1:1: ‘God spoke to our fathers by the prophets’ — the partial, preliminary revelation Christ’s superior Sonship now surpasses.
Elementary Principles
Approved rendering: मूलतत्त्वे
Transliteration: mūlatattve
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: στοιχεῖα / ἀρχή
Category: Faith
Basic, foundational teachings, contrasted with mature ‘solid food’ (5:12; 6:1).
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: हात ठेवणे
Transliteration: hāt ṭhevaṇe
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἐπίθεσις χειρῶν
Category: Church
An elementary Christian rite of commissioning/blessing (6:2).
Anchor Of Soul
Approved rendering: जिवाचा नांगर
Transliteration: jivācā nāṅgar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Perseverance
A stability-giving image of hope fixed in the heavenly sanctuary via Christ’s own entrance there (6:19).
Tithe
Approved rendering: दशमांश
Transliteration: daśamāṃś
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Priesthood as Type of Christ’s Eternal Priesthood
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Priesthood
A tenth part given to a superior, as Abraham gave to Melchizedek, demonstrating Melchizedek’s (and Christ’s) priestly superiority to Levi (7:2, 4, 6, 8-9).
Reformation
Approved rendering: सुधारणेचा काळ
Transliteration: sudhāraṇēcā kāḷ
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διόρθωσις
Category: Covenant
The time of the new, corrected order inaugurated by Christ (9:10); marks the transition-point the book builds toward.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: बंधुप्रेम
Transliteration: bandhuprem
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
Love within the believing community, the family-of-God ethic (13:1). Minor risk of reduction to mere social/caste-community solidarity rather than family-of-God love.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: आतिथ्य
Transliteration: ātithya
Doctrine: Christian Community Ethics
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
Welcoming outsiders, echoing ‘entertained angels unaware’ (13:2).
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: स्तुतीचे बलिदान
Transliteration: stutīce balidān
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Church
Verbal offering of thanksgiving, replacing animal sacrifice as the believer’s continual offering (13:15). Reuses बलिदान and baseline उपकारस्तुती.
Referenced passages