Hebrews — Semantic Analysis (Original Koine Greek)
TRI Phase 1, Step 1 — English → Marathi
Curriculum: Hebrews (whole book, chapters 1–13)
Core passage: Hebrews 9:11–28
Doctrines in scope: The Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood; Christ as the Great High Priest; The New Covenant versus the Old; The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages; Faith of the Old Testament Saints; Perseverance and Assurance; Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Governing rule: Every term already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json (गॉस्पेल, कृपा, विश्वास, नीतिमत्त्व, तारण, पवित्र, पवित्र जन, करार, देव→परमेश्वर, पवित्र आत्मा, इ.) is reused exactly below without re-argument. Only terms new to the Hebrews curriculum receive full risk analysis here; where a Hebrews term overlaps a Romans term conceptually but is lexically distinct (e.g., λύτρωσις “redemption” vs. σωτηρία “salvation,” already तारण), that distinction is flagged explicitly.
PART A — CORE PASSAGE: Hebrews 9:11–28 (Verse-by-Verse)
Hebrews 9:11
“But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come…”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| Χριστός | Christos | ”Anointed One” | Title/proper name for Jesus as fulfillment of OT messianic hope | Christ, Messiah | Same referent as मसीहा (baseline, Critical) — reuse ख्रिस्त/मसीहा per established convention | ख्रिस्त — Critical (reuse baseline; never treat as mere honorific) |
| ἀρχιερεύς | archiereus | ”chief/first priest” | The one Levitical office holder authorized to enter the Most Holy Place; in Hebrews, applied uniquely and supremely to Christ | high priest | NEW CENTRAL TERM. Christ is not a priest among priests but the singular, final High Priest who fulfills and surpasses the Aaronic office | महायाजक (mahāyājak) — Critical. Established Marathi Bible term for the Aaronic high priest; must never be rendered with a term suggesting a Hindu ब्राह्मण/पुरोहित caste-priest (whose authority is hereditary-ritual, not once-for-all and Christ-fulfilled) |
| σκηνή | skēnē | ”tent, tabernacle” | The OT tent of meeting; here “the greater and more perfect tabernacle” (heavenly reality) | tabernacle, tent | Distinguishes the earthly copy from the heavenly original that Christ’s priesthood serves | निवासमंडप (nivāsmaṇḍap) — Medium |
| ἀχειροποίητος | acheiropoiētos | ”not made by hand” | Describes what is divine/heavenly in origin, not humanly constructed | not made with hands | Christ’s heavenly ministry is not a human religious construction, unlike temple ritual systems (Hindu or otherwise) built and maintained by human hands | हातांनी न बनवलेले — Medium; useful contrast term when distinguishing Christ’s heavenly tabernacle from any humanly-built shrine/temple |
Hebrews 9:12
“…he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| ἐφάπαξ | ephapax | ”once for all, once and for all time” | Intensified “once,” stressing unrepeatable finality | once for all | CRITICAL DOCTRINAL MARKER of Hebrews: Christ’s single entry contrasts with the yearly repeated Levitical entries (9:25) and any repeatable ritual/devotional practice (e.g., annual puja, repeated pilgrimage) | एकदाच (ekadāc) / एकाच वेळी सर्वकाळासाठी — High. Must never be softened to “again and again” or treated as merely one instance among possible repetitions |
| τὰ ἅγια | ta hagia | ”the holy things/places” | The sanctuary, here the heavenly Most Holy Place | the holy places, the sanctuary | The heavenly reality of which the Most Holy Place was the earthly type | पवित्रस्थान / परमपवित्रस्थान — High |
| αἷμα τράγων καὶ μόσχων | haima tragōn kai moschōn | ”blood of goats and calves” | The animal sacrificial blood of the Day of Atonement ritual | blood of goats and calves | The old, repeated, animal-based atonement system, contrasted with Christ’s own blood | बकऱ्यांचे व वासरांचे रक्त — Medium |
| τὸ ἴδιον αἷμα | to idion haima | ”his own blood” | Possessive emphasis — not another’s, his very own | his own blood | Christ is both priest and victim; no other mediator’s blood is needed | स्वतःचे रक्त — Critical; must retain “own” to preserve the priest-is-the-sacrifice logic |
| αἰωνία λύτρωσις | aiōnia lytrōsis | ”eternal ransoming/release” | Deliverance secured by a ransom price, permanent in effect | eternal redemption | Redemption is a ransom-price concept, distinct from σωτηρία (already तारण). Must not collapse into general “salvation” language nor evoke Hindu मोक्ष/मुक्ती or Buddhist निर्वाण | NEW TERM: खंडणी (khaṇḍaṇī) = “eternal redemption” → सार्वकालिक खंडणी — Critical. Reject मुक्ती/मोक्ष for the same reasons as तारण (baseline); खंडणी keeps the ransom-price image (a price paid by another), which मुक्ती/मोक्ष (self-attained or bhakti-granted liberation) do not carry |
Hebrews 9:13
“For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh…”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| ῥαντίζω | rhantizō | ”to sprinkle” | Ritual application of blood/water for cleansing | sprinkle, sprinkling | Old covenant external, ritual cleansing rite | शिंपडणे (śimpaḍaṇe) — Medium |
| κεκοινωμένος | kekoinōmenos | ”having been defiled/made common” | Ritual impurity requiring cleansing | defiled, unclean | External, ceremonial defilement — contrasted with the inward cleansing Christ’s blood accomplishes (v.14) | अशुद्ध / भ्रष्ट झालेला — Medium |
| σποδὸς δαμάλεως | spodos damaleōs | ”ashes of a heifer” | Numbers 19 red-heifer purification rite | ashes of a heifer | OT ritual type pointing to a greater cleansing | कालवडीची राख — Low |
| ἁγιάζω | hagiazō | ”to make holy, sanctify” | Same root as baseline पवित्रीकरण/पवित्र | sanctify | Here, a limited, external, ceremonial sanctifying (contrast v.14’s inward purifying of conscience) | पवित्र करणे (reuse baseline पवित्र root) — High; translator note needed to distinguish this outward/ritual sanctifying from the ongoing inward पवित्रीकरण of Romans |
| καθαρότης τῆς σαρκός | katharotēs tēs sarkos | ”purity of the flesh” | Bodily/ceremonial purity, external only | purification of the flesh | Limited to outward ritual purity — explicitly contrasted with conscience-purification in v.14 | देहाची शुद्धता — Medium |
Hebrews 9:14
“…how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | to haima tou Christou | ”the blood of Christ” | Christ’s atoning death, given metonymically as “blood” | blood of Christ | Central atonement image of the whole book | ख्रिस्ताचे रक्त — Critical |
| πνεῦμα αἰώνιον | pneuma aiōnion | ”eternal Spirit” | Either the Holy Spirit or Christ’s own eternal divine nature acting in the offering | eternal Spirit | Christ’s self-offering was not a merely human act but empowered by/in the eternal (divine) Spirit | सार्वकालिक आत्मा — High; when referring to the Holy Spirit, must align with baseline पवित्र आत्मा (never परमात्मा/ब्रह्म) |
| ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν | heauton prosēnenken | ”offered himself” | Christ as both priest and offering | offered himself | Uniquely, the High Priest is the sacrifice — no other religious system has the mediator become the offering himself | स्वतःला अर्पण केले — Critical |
| ἄμωμος | amōmos | ”without blemish, unblemished” | OT sacrificial-animal qualification language applied to Christ’s moral perfection | without blemish, unblemished, spotless | Christ’s sinlessness qualifies him as valid sacrifice | निर्दोष (nirdoṣ) — Medium |
| συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ”conscience,” lit. “co-knowledge” | Inner moral awareness/self-judgment | conscience | Old system cleansed the body outwardly; Christ’s blood cleanses the inner moral awareness — a deeper, internal work | विवेकबुद्धी (vivekbuddhī) — Medium; central to the Hebrews 9 contrast between outward ritual purity and inward moral cleansing |
| νεκρὰ ἔργα | nekra erga | ”dead works” | Deeds/rituals that cannot give life or standing before God | dead works | AVOID कर्म-family vocabulary. “Works” here are ritual/legal observances that cannot cleanse; must not be rendered so as to invoke the Hindu/Buddhist karma-merit ledger (कर्मफळ), an association baseline already flags for “grace” | मृत कृत्ये (mṛta kṛtye) — High. Use कृत्ये (“deeds/acts”), never कर्मे, to avoid importing karma theology where actions accumulate merit/result across lives |
| λατρεύω | latreuō | ”to serve, render religious service” | Priestly/cultic service to God | serve | Serving the one living God, not ritual service to any other deity | सेवा करणे — Medium; avoid पूजा (idol-worship connotation) |
| θεὸς ζῶν | theos zōn | ”the living God” | God who is alive and active, contrasted with lifeless idols | living God | Reuse baseline परमेश्वर; “living” underscores contrast with lifeless cultic images | जिवंत परमेश्वर — reuse परमेश्वर (Critical, baseline) |
Hebrews 9:15
“Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| μεσίτης | mesitēs | ”mediator, go-between” | One who establishes/guarantees a covenant between two parties | mediator | Christ alone mediates the new covenant — no other intermediary (guru, priest, ancestor) is needed | मध्यस्थ (madhyastha) — High. Distinguish from Hindu guru-as-mediator or purohit-as-ritual-intermediary; this mediatorship is unique, exclusive, and covenant-establishing |
| καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | ”new covenant” | The covenant promised in Jeremiah 31, inaugurated by Christ’s blood | new covenant | Central Hebrews doctrine: New Covenant supersedes, fulfills, and is superior to the Old/Mosaic covenant | नवा करार — Critical (reuse करार from baseline, High; elevated to Critical in Hebrews given the book’s central New-vs-Old-Covenant argument) |
| κεκλημένοι | keklēmenoi | ”those who have been called” | Same root as baseline बोलावलेले/पाचारण | those who are called | Reuse baseline calling vocabulary exactly | बोलावलेले — reuse baseline (High) |
| αἰώνιος κληρονομία | aiōnios klēronomia | ”eternal inheritance” | The promised, permanent inheritance secured for God’s people | eternal inheritance | Full inheritance-rights language, echoing adoption (baseline दत्तक पुत्रत्व) | सार्वकालिक वारसा — Medium; connect explicitly to baseline “adoption” doctrine in translator notes |
| παράβασις | parabasis | ”transgression, overstepping” | Sin as a violation of a known boundary/law | transgressions | Sins committed under the Mosaic law specifically | अपराध / उल्लंघन — Medium |
| πρώτη διαθήκη | prōtē diathēkē | ”first covenant” | The Sinai/Mosaic covenant | first covenant, old covenant | Set in deliberate contrast to the new covenant | पहिला करार / जुना करार — High |
Hebrews 9:16–17
“For where a will is involved, the death of the one who made it must be established. For a will takes effect only at death, since it is not in force as long as the one who made it is alive.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| διαθήκη | diathēkē | ”covenant” and “last will/testament” | Greek wordplay: the same word used for “covenant” throughout Hebrews here shifts to its legal sense of “testament,” activated only by the testator’s death | covenant, will, testament | TRANSLATION GAP: Marathi करार (established rendering, baseline) does not carry the legal “last will” sense that activates this wordplay. This is the single hardest lexical problem in the core passage | करार (for covenant sense) + explanatory gloss मृत्युपत्र (mṛtyupatra, “death-document/will,” for the testament sense) — High. Requires a translator footnote explaining the Greek wordplay is not reproducible directly in Marathi; render the logic (“a करार here functions like a मृत्युपत्र that only takes effect after the maker’s death”) rather than force one word to carry both senses |
| ὁ διαθέμενος | ho diathemenos | ”the one who made the covenant/will” | The testator | the one who made it, the testator | Applied typologically to Christ, whose death activates the New Covenant | कराराचा कर्ता / मृत्युपत्र करणारा — Medium |
| ἰσχύω | ischyō | ”to have force, be valid” | Legal validity/effect | is in force, is valid | The covenant/testament has no legal effect until the testator’s death | अंमलात असणे — Low |
Hebrews 9:18
“Therefore not even the first covenant was inaugurated without blood.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| ἐγκαινίζω | enkainizō | ”to inaugurate, dedicate, put into use for the first time” | Ritual inauguration ceremony | inaugurated, dedicated, ratified | Even the Old Covenant required blood to be established, foreshadowing the necessity of Christ’s blood for the New | स्थापित करणे / अंमलात आणणे — Medium |
| χωρὶς αἵματος | chōris haimatos | ”without blood” | Absence of the sacrificial blood-rite | without blood | Sets up v.22’s principle: no forgiveness without blood | रक्ताशिवाय — High (sets up the doctrinal principle in v.22) |
Hebrews 9:19–21
“For when every commandment of the law had been declared by Moses to all the people, he took the blood of calves and goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people… And in the same way he sprinkled with the blood both the tent and all the vessels used in worship.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| τὸ βιβλίον | to biblion | ”the book, scroll” | The book of the covenant (Exodus 24) | the book | Even the written covenant document itself was consecrated with blood | पुस्तक / गुंडाळी — Low |
| ἔριον κόκκινον καὶ ὕσσωπος | erion kokkinon kai hyssōpos | ”scarlet wool and hyssop” | Ritual implements used to apply blood (Numbers 19; Exodus 12) | scarlet wool and hyssop | OT ritual detail establishing the typological pattern fulfilled in Christ | किरमिजी लोकर व एजोब — Low (proper botanical/ritual terms; transliterate एजोब for hyssop as per established OT usage) |
| τοῦτο τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης | touto to haima tēs diathēkēs | ”this is the blood of the covenant” | Direct echo of Exodus 24:8, applied by Christ to the Last Supper (Matt 26:28) | this is the blood of the covenant | Ties Hebrews 9 directly to the Lord’s Supper institution — high cross-reference importance | हा कराराचा रक्त आहे — High; must match wording used in any Gospel/Lord’s Supper materials for consistency |
Hebrews 9:22
“Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| καθαρίζεται | katharizetai | ”is cleansed/purified” | Ritual and moral cleansing | is purified, is cleansed | Governing principle of the entire sacrificial system | शुद्ध केले जाते — High |
| αἱματεκχυσία | haimatekchysia | ”the pouring out of blood” | A term coined/rare, emphasizing blood shed, i.e., a life given in death | shedding of blood | Death, not merely ritual application, is required — points forward to Christ’s actual death | रक्त वाहणे / रक्तपात — Critical. This is the doctrinal hinge-verse of the whole atonement argument: forgiveness requires a life laid down, not ritual technique. Must not be softened to a generic “cleansing rite” |
| ἄφεσις | aphesis | ”release, forgiveness, remission” | Legal/relational release from a debt or charge | forgiveness, remission | Sins are not merely covered ritually but released/forgiven | क्षमा (kṣamā) — High; standard Marathi Christian term for forgiveness, reuse consistently |
Hebrews 9:23
“Thus it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these rites, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| ὑποδείγματα | hypodeigmata | ”copies, examples, sketches” | Earthly, provisional representations of a heavenly reality | copies, patterns, examples | The whole Levitical system was a copy, not the reality — central to the book’s “shadow vs. substance” argument | प्रतिरूपे / नमुने — High |
| τὰ ἐπουράνια | ta epourania | ”the heavenly things” | The true, heavenly realities the earthly tabernacle only pictured | the heavenly things themselves | The actual heavenly sanctuary Christ entered | स्वर्गीय गोष्टी — Medium |
| κρείττοσιν θυσίαις | kreittosin thysiais | ”better sacrifices” | Comparative — Christ’s single sacrifice, superior in kind and effect | better sacrifices | Sets up the “how much more” logic of the whole passage | श्रेष्ठ बलिदाने — High |
Hebrews 9:24
“For Christ has entered, not into holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true things, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| χειροποίητα | cheiropoiēta | ”made with hands” | Human-constructed (contrast to ἀχειροποίητος in v.11) | made with hands | The earthly tabernacle, however sacred, was still a human construction | हातांनी बनवलेले — Medium |
| ἀντίτυπα | antitypa | ”corresponding copy, antitype” | The earthly counterpart matching a heavenly pattern (τύπος) | copies, representations | Reinforces the type/antitype theological structure running through Hebrews | प्रतिरूपे — High (same conceptual family as ὑποδείγματα, v.23) |
| ἐμφανισθῆναι τῷ προσώπῳ τοῦ θεοῦ | emphanisthēnai tō prosōpō tou theou | ”to appear before the face of God” | Christ’s ongoing heavenly ministry of presence/intercession | to appear in the presence of God | Christ’s priestly work is ongoing, not only the past cross-event — grounds the doctrine of Christ’s continuing intercession | देवासमोर हजर होणे — High; connects to baseline मध्यस्थी (intercession) |
| ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | hyper hēmōn | ”on behalf of us, for us” | Substitutionary/representative preposition | on our behalf, for us | Christ’s heavenly appearance is representative, not merely personal | आपल्यासाठी — Medium |
Hebrews 9:25–26
“Nor was it to offer himself repeatedly, as the high priest enters the holy places every year with blood not his own… but as it is, he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| πολλάκις | pollakis | ”many times, repeatedly” | Frequency word contrasted with ephapax | repeatedly, often | The Levitical high priest’s action had to be repeated — the fundamental deficiency of that system | पुन्हा पुन्हा — High |
| συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων | synteleia tōn aiōnōn | ”the completion/consummation of the ages” | Eschatological turning point of history | end of the ages, consummation of the ages | Places Christ’s sacrifice at the decisive, unrepeatable hinge-point of all history — a linear, once-for-all historical claim, not a cyclical cosmology (contrast Hindu yuga-cycles or Buddhist dependent-origination’s beginningless cycle) | युगांच्या समाप्तीस / युगांच्या शेवटी — High; reinforce linear, unrepeatable salvation-history against any cyclical-time worldview |
| ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας | athetēsis hamartias | ”the setting-aside/annulment of sin” | Sin’s decisive removal/nullification, not mere covering | to put away sin | Christ’s sacrifice does not merely postpone or cover sin (as animal sacrifices did, 10:4) but annuls its claim entirely | पाप नाहीसे करणे / पापाचे उच्चाटन — Critical |
| ἡ θυσία αὐτοῦ | hē thysia autou | ”his sacrifice” | The singular self-offering of Christ | the sacrifice of himself | Reuse बलिदान (established above) | त्याचे बलिदान — Critical (reuse बलिदान) |
Hebrews 9:27–28
“And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment, so Christ, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.”
| Original | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering & risk |
|---|
| ἀπόκειται | apokeitai | ”it is appointed, laid up (as a destiny)“ | Fixed, settled divine ordinance | it is appointed | Establishes death as a single, non-repeating human event — the premise for the analogy to Christ’s single death | नेमलेले आहे — High; must not be phrased so as to echo a karma-determined-destiny framework (cf. baseline “providence”/“election” cautions); this is God’s fixed appointment for humanity generally, not an individual karmic sentence |
| ἅπαξ ἀποθανεῖν | hapax apothanein | ”to die once” | One death only, no repetition | to die once | Directly refutes any doctrine of repeated death/rebirth for human beings | एकदाच मरणे — Critical. Must be rendered so as to positively exclude reincarnation/rebirth (पुनर्जन्म) as a live possibility — this verse is a direct doctrinal collision point with Hindu and Buddhist rebirth cosmologies |
| κρίσις | krisis | ”judgment” | Divine evaluative judgment following death | judgment | Single, final judgment after a single death — not an ongoing karmic accounting across lifetimes | न्याय — High |
| ἅπαξ προσενεχθείς | hapax prosenechtheis | ”having been offered once” | Christ’s own single, historical sacrificial offering | offered once | Directly parallels “die once” — Christ’s sacrifice is as unrepeatable as ordinary human death | एकदाच अर्पण केलेला — Critical |
| ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν | anenenkein hamartias pollōn | ”to bear/carry up the sins of many” | Substitutionary bearing of sin, sacrificial-offering language (Isaiah 53) | to bear the sins of many | Direct echo of the Suffering Servant; substitutionary atonement for a plural “many” | पुष्कळांची पापे स्वतःवर घेणे — Critical |
| ἐκ δευτέρου ὀφθήσεται | ek deuterou ophthēsetai | ”he will be seen/appear a second time” | The Second Coming | will appear a second time | Christ’s return, distinct from and completing his first appearing — grounds the doctrine of eschatological hope, not an endless series of appearances/rebirths | दुसऱ्यांदा प्रगट होईल — High; “second” (not “another,” not “again in a new form”) must be preserved precisely to avoid any rebirth-series reading |
| χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας | chōris hamartias | ”apart from sin, without reference to sin” | His second coming does not deal again with sin (already dealt with) | not to deal with sin, without sin | Assures believers the sin-question is already, finally settled | पापाशिवाय / पापाचा प्रश्न घेऊन नव्हे — Medium |
| ἀπεκδεχομένοις | apekdechomenois | ”eagerly awaiting, awaiting fully/earnestly” | Confident, hope-filled expectant waiting | eagerly waiting, waiting for | Grounds the doctrine of perseverance and assurance — not passive resignation but confident hope | आतुरतेने वाट पाहणारे — High; connects directly to the doctrine “Perseverance and Assurance” |
| σωτηρία | sōtēria | ”salvation” | Reuse baseline term exactly | salvation | Final, completed salvation at Christ’s return | तारण — reuse baseline (Critical) |
PART B — CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY OF THE WHOLE BOOK
Chapter 1 — The Son Superior to the Prophets and Angels
| Term (Gk) | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| προφήτης | prophētēs | God’s spokesman | Reuse baseline | prophets | OT revelation was real but partial/preliminary | संदेष्टा — reuse baseline (Low) |
| υἱός (θεοῦ) | huios (theou) | Son (of God) | Reuse baseline son_of_god | Son, the Son | Christ as God’s final, superior revelation-agent, heir of all things | देवाचा पुत्र — reuse baseline (Critical) |
| κληρονόμος πάντων | klēronomos pantōn | ”heir of all things” | Full inheritance/ownership rights | heir of all things | Christ’s supreme, cosmic inheritance — grounds the “heir/inheritance” theme continued through the book | सर्व गोष्टींचा वारस — High |
| ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης | apaugasma tēs doxēs | ”radiance/effulgence of glory” | Light emanating from a source, sharing its nature | radiance of glory, brightness of glory | Christ’s undiminished divine glory — reuse baseline गौरव for δόξα, but “radiance” needs new imagery | गौरवाचे तेज — High; baseline already cautions against light-imagery merging with bodhi/enlightenment associations — keep tightly anchored to “glory” (गौरव), not generic divine light |
| χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως | charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs | ”exact imprint of his being/essence” | Precise representation, like a seal’s impression | exact imprint, exact representation | Christ’s exact ontological correspondence to the Father — undergirds Deity of Christ doctrine | त्याच्या स्वरूपाची हुबेहूब प्रतिमा — Critical |
| ἄγγελος | angelos | ”messenger” | Created heavenly being who serves/worships God, inferior to the Son | angel(s) | NEW TERM. Central to ch.1’s argument: the Son is superior to angels | देवदूत (devadūt) — Medium. Established Marathi Christian term (messenger of देव). Care needed: distinguish from the broader Hindu category of देवता/उपदेवता (minor deities/spirits); देवदूत are created, worshiping servants of the one God, never objects of worship themselves (reinforced in v.6, “let all God’s angels worship him”) |
| προσκυνέω | proskyneō | ”to worship, prostrate before” | Physical/religious act of homage | worship | Angels worship the Son — direct claim to his deity | उपासना करणे / नमन करणे — High; must not be rendered with पूजा (idol ritual) |
| λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα | leitourgika pneumata | ”ministering spirits” | Angels’ servant role | ministering spirits | Angels serve believers at God’s command — subordinate role | सेवा करणारे आत्मे — Medium |
| θρόνος | thronos | ”throne” | Seat of royal authority | throne | Christ’s eternal, divine kingship (quoting Psalm 45) | सिंहासन — Low |
| ῥάβδος (εὐθύτητος) | rhabdos (euthytētos) | “scepter (of uprightness)“ | Symbol of righteous royal rule | scepter | Christ’s righteous reign | न्याय्य राजदंड — Low |
| χρίω | chriō | ”to anoint” | Root of Χριστός/Messiah | anointed | Christ’s messianic anointing “beyond your companions” | अभिषेक करणे — Medium; ties to मसीहा (baseline, Critical) |
Chapter 2 — Warning Against Neglect; Christ’s Solidarity with Humanity
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| ἀμελέω | ameleō | ”to neglect, disregard” | Culpable inattention | neglect | Warning: neglecting so great a salvation (τηλικαύτης σωτηρίας) carries grave consequence — first of Hebrews’ warning passages | दुर्लक्ष करणे — High; first occurrence of the apostasy-warning motif |
| παραρρέω | pararrheō | ”to drift/slip away” | Passive, gradual loss, like a boat drifting from mooring | drift away | Gradual, not necessarily dramatic, falling away — important nuance for the apostasy doctrine | वाहवत जाणे — High |
| ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτηρίας | archēgos tēs sōtērias | ”pioneer/founder of salvation” | One who originates and leads the way | founder, author, pioneer of salvation | Christ as the trailblazing originator of salvation for “many sons” — reuse तारण (baseline) for σωτηρία | तारणाचा उत्पत्तिकर्ता — High (reuse तारण, Critical) |
| ἀδελφοί | adelphoi | ”brothers” | Christ’s identification with believers as kin | brothers | Christ not ashamed to call believers brothers — grounds adoption/family doctrine | बांधव — Medium |
| αἷμα καὶ σάρξ | haima kai sarx | ”blood and flesh” | Full, real human nature | flesh and blood | Christ’s genuine incarnation into shared humanity (connects to baseline देहधारण) | रक्त व मांस — High; connect explicitly to देहधारण (Critical, baseline) — Christ’s full, real, historical human nature, not an illusory appearance |
| διάβολος | diabolos | ”slanderer, the Devil” | The personal evil spiritual adversary who holds the power of death | the devil | Christ’s death defeats the one who held humanity in death’s fear-bondage | सैतान (saitān) — Medium; established transliterated term in Marathi Christian usage |
| ἱλάσκομαι | hilaskomai | ”to propitiate, make atonement for” | To turn away wrath / make an offering that deals with sin’s guilt before God | to make propitiation for | NEW CRITICAL TERM. Christ as “merciful and faithful high priest … to make propitiation for the sins of the people” | प्रायश्चित्त करणे (prāyaścitta karṇe) — Critical. प्रायश्चित्त is a live Hindu term for self-performed penance/expiation (a sinner’s own ritual act to atone for personal sin or bad karma). Must be reframed clearly: here it is Christ, the sinless high priest, who himself makes propitiation for the people — substitutionary, not self-performed penance. Requires an explicit translator note distinguishing Christ’s priestly, others-ward propitiation from self-directed Hindu expiation ritual |
| πειράζω | peirazō | ”to test, tempt” | Christ’s own temptation/testing, qualifying him to help the tempted | tempted, tested | Grounds Christ’s sympathetic high priesthood (developed further in ch. 4–5) | परीक्षा होणे / मोहात पडणे — Medium |
Chapter 3 — Christ Greater Than Moses; Warning of Unbelief
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| ἀπόστολος καὶ ἀρχιερεύς | apostolos kai archiereus | ”apostle and high priest” | Dual office title applied to Christ alone | apostle and high priest of our confession | Unique combination: Christ both sent from God (reuse baseline प्रेषित) and the one who represents people to God | प्रेषित व महायाजक — reuse प्रेषित (Medium, baseline) + महायाजक (Critical, new) |
| ὁμολογία | homologia | ”confession, acknowledgment” | Public, formal affirmation of belief | confession | The content of shared Christian confession — recurs at 4:14, 10:23 | अंगीकार / प्रतिज्ञा — Medium |
| οἶκος (θεοῦ) | oikos (theou) | “house(hold) (of God)“ | Both a physical structure and a family/household | house, household | Moses was faithful in God’s house as a servant; Christ is faithful over it as Son — argument for Christ’s superiority | देवाचे घर/घराणे — High |
| σκληρύνω | sklērynō | ”to harden” | Willful resistance to God’s voice, becoming unresponsive | harden (your hearts) | Central warning-passage term: “Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts” | कठीण करणे (मन कठीण करणे) — High; core apostasy-warning vocabulary |
| παραπικρασμός | parapikrasmos | ”rebellion, provocation” | Israel’s wilderness rebellion (Psalm 95) | rebellion | Historical type warning present-day readers | बंडखोरी — Medium |
| καρδία ἀπιστίας | kardia apistias | ”heart of unbelief” | Settled internal unbelief leading to apostasy | unbelieving heart | Root cause of “falling away from the living God” | अविश्वासाचे हृदय — High; reuse विश्वास root (baseline) negated |
| ἀφίστημι | aphistēmi | ”to fall away, depart from” | Root of “apostasy” (ἀποστασία) | fall away | The verbal root behind the doctrine “Danger of Apostasy” | दूर जाणे / विश्वासापासून ढळणे — Critical; foundational term for the apostasy doctrine, recurring through chs. 3, 6, 10, 12 |
| μέτοχοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ | metochoi tou Christou | ”partakers/partners of Christ” | Shared participation in Christ’s identity and inheritance | partakers of Christ | Assurance conditioned on holding the original confidence firm to the end | ख्रिस्तात सहभागी — Medium; reuse baseline सहभागिता (fellowship, Low) conceptually |
Chapter 4 — The Promised Rest; the Living Word; the Sympathetic High Priest
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| κατάπαυσις | katapausis | ”rest, resting place” | God’s Sabbath rest offered to his people, entered by faith not works | rest | NEW TERM, central to chs. 3–4: a relational, faith-entered rest in God’s finished work — must not be assimilated to मोक्ष/निर्वाण as escape from cyclic existence, nor to मनःशांती (baseline “peace” caution) as mere inner calm | विश्रांती (viśrāntī) — High. Rest is entered by faith in what God has done, not attained through meditative practice, devotional merit, or extinguishing of craving |
| σαββατισμός | sabbatismos | ”Sabbath rest, Sabbath observance” | A remaining, future Sabbath-rest for God’s people | Sabbath rest | Ties Christian rest typologically to the OT Sabbath, now fulfilled eschatologically in Christ | शब्बाथ विसावा — Medium |
| ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | ho logos tou theou | ”the word of God” | God’s living, active, discerning speech | word of God | ”Living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword” — Scripture’s penetrating, personal address to the reader | देवाचे वचन — Medium; reuse baseline vocabulary conventions for “word” |
| συμπαθέω | sympatheō | ”to sympathize, suffer with” | Shared feeling arising from shared experience | sympathize | Christ’s high priesthood is not remote but compassionate, informed by his own tested humanity | सहानुभूती दाखवणे — Medium |
| θρόνος τῆς χάριτος | thronos tēs charitos | ”throne of grace” | God’s throne approached not in judgment but for mercy | throne of grace | Direct access to God’s favor through Christ; reuse baseline कृपा | कृपेचे सिंहासन — Medium (reuse कृपा, Critical baseline) |
| παρρησία | parrēsia | ”boldness, freedom of speech, confidence” | Confident, unashamed approach | boldness, confidence | Believers may draw near to God’s throne boldly — an “access” term central to the doctrine “Access to God through Christ’s Blood” | धैर्य (dhairya) — High; this Christ-given boldness, not self-generated courage or ritual qualification, is the basis of access — recurs at 10:19, 35 |
Chapter 5 — Christ’s Priestly Qualifications; Melchizedek Introduced; Spiritual Immaturity
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| ἀσθένεια | astheneia | ”weakness” | Human frailty, including moral weakness | weakness | Levitical priests share the very weakness they minister to; Christ’s superiority is that he is without this disqualifying weakness though he shares real humanity | दुर्बलता — Medium |
| μανθάνω…ὑπακοή | manthanō…hypakoē | ”he learned…obedience” | Christ’s genuine human learning-through-suffering, not feigned | learned obedience | Grounds the “obedience of faith” doctrine (baseline) applied uniquely to Christ’s own experience of suffering | आज्ञापालन शिकला — High (reuse आज्ञापालन root, baseline High) |
| τελειόω | teleioō | ”to perfect, complete, bring to maturity/full qualification” | Not moral correction of a flaw, but the process of being fully qualified/completed for a role | made perfect, perfected | NEW CENTRAL TERM across Hebrews (2:10, 5:9, 7:28, 9:9, 10:1,14, 11:40, 12:23): Christ was “made perfect” through suffering — qualified fully for his priestly office, not morally corrected | पूर्ण करणे (pūrṇa karṇe) — High. Avoid सिद्ध/सिद्धी (yogic/Jain self-attained spiritual perfection); τελειόω here is about vocational completion/qualification, and elsewhere about believers being brought to complete standing through Christ’s finished work, not self-cultivated attainment |
| τάξις Μελχισέδεκ | taxis Melchisedek | ”the order/rank of Melchizedek” | A priestly line distinct from and superior to Levi’s | order of Melchizedek | Introduces the book’s key argument (developed fully in ch. 7) for a non-Levitical, superior, eternal priesthood fulfilled in Christ | मलकीसदेकाच्या श्रेणीप्रमाणे — High |
| νωθρὸς ταῖς ἀκοαῖς | nōthros tais akoais | ”sluggish/dull in hearing” | Spiritual immaturity, slow to learn | dull of hearing | Warning against spiritual stagnation, transitioning into ch. 6’s warning | ऐकण्यात मंद — Low |
| γάλα / στερεὰ τροφή | gala / sterea trophē | ”milk / solid food” | Elementary vs. mature teaching | milk, solid food | Standard NT metaphor for spiritual maturity | दूध / घन अन्न — Low |
Chapter 6 — Warning Against Falling Away; the Anchor of Hope
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| μετάνοια ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων | metanoia apo nekrōn ergōn | ”repentance from dead works” | Turning from works that cannot save | repentance from dead works | Foundational (elementary) Christian doctrine — reuse νεκρὰ ἔργα (9:14) rendering | मृत कृत्यांपासून पश्चात्ताप — reuse कृत्ये convention (High) + पश्चात्ताप (Medium) |
| παραπίπτω | parapiptō | ”to fall away, commit apostasy” | The specific verb for the most severe warning passage in the book | fall away | CRITICAL WARNING TERM: “impossible to restore again to repentance” those who commit this — must be rendered precisely, neither softened nor over-stated | विश्वासापासून ढळणे / भ्रष्ट होणे — Critical; same conceptual family as ἀφίστημι (ch. 3); requires theologian review given the severity and pastoral sensitivity of the warning |
| ἀνασταυρόω | anastauroō | ”to crucify again” | Re-enacting Christ’s crucifixion in effect, through apostasy | crucify again | Describes the gravity of apostasy — treating Christ’s sacrifice as worthless | पुन्हा वधस्तंभावर खिळणे — High |
| βεβαίωσις / ὅρκος | bebaiōsis / horkos | ”confirmation / oath” | Legal guarantee, doubly secured by God’s word and oath | confirmation, oath | God’s double guarantee (promise + oath) grounds the doctrine of assurance | शपथ / खात्री — Medium |
| ἐλπίς ὡς ἄγκυρα | elpis hōs ankyra | ”hope as an anchor” | Stability-giving hope, entering the heavenly sanctuary ahead of us | anchor of the soul | Key assurance image — hope fixed in the heavenly sanctuary via Christ’s own entrance there | जिवाचा नांगर(सारखी आशा) — Medium |
| πρόδρομος | prodromos | ”forerunner” | One who goes ahead to prepare the way | forerunner | Christ enters the heavenly Most Holy Place ahead of believers, guaranteeing their own future entrance | अग्रदूत — Medium |
Chapter 7 — Melchizedek and the Superiority of Christ’s Priesthood
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| Μελχισέδεκ | Melchisedek | Proper name, “king of righteousness” | King-priest of Salem (Genesis 14) | Melchizedek | OT type of Christ’s eternal, non-Levitical priesthood | मलकीसदेक — Medium (proper noun, transliterate consistently) |
| βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης / εἰρήνης | basileus dikaiosynēs / eirēnēs | ”king of righteousness / of peace” | Titles interpreting Melchizedek’s name and city (Salem = peace) | king of righteousness, king of peace | Reuse baseline नीतिमत्त्व and शांती | नीतिमत्त्वाचा राजा / शांतीचा राजा — reuse baseline (Critical / Medium) |
| ἀγενεαλόγητος | agenealogētos | ”without genealogy” | No recorded ancestry — used typologically for an eternal priesthood | without genealogy | Melchizedek’s unrecorded ancestry types Christ’s priesthood as not dependent on human lineage (unlike the Levites) | वंशावळ नसलेला — Medium |
| δεκάτη | dekatē | ”tenth part, tithe” | Portion given to a superior | tithe | Abraham’s tithe to Melchizedek shows Melchizedek’s (and so Christ’s) priesthood as superior to Levi’s | दशमांश (daśamāṃś) — Low |
| μετάθεσις νόμου | metathesis nomou | ”change of the law” | A change in priesthood necessarily changes the law governing it | change of the law | Grounds the doctrine “New Covenant versus the Old”: a change in priesthood requires (and enacts) a change in the whole covenant-legal order | नियमशास्त्रात बदल — High (reuse नियमशास्त्र, baseline High) |
| ζωὴ ἀκατάλυτος | zōē akatalytos | ”indestructible life” | Life that cannot be destroyed/ended | indestructible life | Christ’s priesthood rests not on legal descent but on his own endless, resurrection life | अविनाशी जीवन — High; connect to पुनरुत्थान (Critical, baseline) |
| ἔγγυος | engyos | ”guarantor, surety” | One who personally guarantees a covenant’s terms | guarantor, surety | Christ himself, by oath, guarantees the New Covenant — unprecedented personal guarantee | जामीन / हमी देणारा — Medium |
| ἀπαράβατος | aparabatos | ”permanent, unchangeable, non-transferable” | Christ’s priesthood cannot pass to a successor | permanent priesthood | Grounds the doctrine of perseverance: Christ’s priesthood never lapses, so his intercession never ceases | अढळ/चिरस्थायी याजकपद — High |
| ἐντυγχάνω | entynchanō | ”to intercede, plead on behalf of” | Same conceptual family as baseline मध्यस्थी | to make intercession | Christ’s permanent, ongoing intercession secures believers’ assurance | मध्यस्थी करणे — reuse baseline (Medium) |
| ἅγιος, ἄκακος, ἀμίαντος, κεχωρισμένος ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν | hagios, akakos, amiantos, kechōrismenos apo tōn hamartōlōn | ”holy, innocent, unstained, separated from sinners” | A cluster of terms describing Christ’s moral qualification as high priest | holy, innocent, unstained, set apart from sinners | Reuse baseline पवित्र; supports Christ’s unique qualification (contrast every Levitical high priest who needed sacrifices for his own sin) | पवित्र, निर्दोष, निष्कलंक, पापी लोकांपासून वेगळा केलेला — reuse पवित्र (High, baseline) + new terms Medium |
Chapter 8 — The Better Covenant, the Heavenly Sanctuary
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| λειτουργός / λειτουργία | leitourgos / leitourgia | ”minister/servant; ministry, service” | Priestly cultic service | minister, ministry | Christ’s heavenly priestly ministry, superior to earthly Levitical ministry | सेवक/सेवा — Medium |
| ὑπόδειγμα καὶ σκιά | hypodeigma kai skia | ”copy and shadow” | The earthly tabernacle as a mere sketch/shadow of the heavenly reality | copy and shadow | Key “type vs. reality” vocabulary running through chs. 8–10 | प्रतिरूप व छाया — High |
| τύπος | typos | ”pattern, model” | The heavenly pattern shown to Moses on the mountain (Exodus 25:40) | pattern | Grounds the whole typological argument of Hebrews: the earthly tabernacle was built to a shown heavenly pattern | नमुना — Medium |
| διαθήκη κρείττων | diathēkē kreittōn | ”better covenant” | Superlative comparison term recurring through Hebrews 7–10 | better covenant | Christ is mediator of a qualitatively superior covenant | श्रेष्ठ करार — High (reuse करार, baseline Critical) |
| παλαιόω | palaioō | ”to make old, render obsolete” | The first covenant declared obsolete by the very promise of a new one (Jeremiah 31) | obsolete, growing old | Direct scriptural warrant for the doctrine “New Covenant versus the Old” — the Old Covenant’s obsolescence is itself prophesied, not merely asserted | जुने ठरवणे / कालबाह्य होणे — High |
| νόμους … ἐπὶ καρδίας | nomous … epi kardias | ”laws…upon hearts” | Internalized law-writing, contrast to external Sinai tablets | law written on hearts | Distinctive mark of the New Covenant — internal transformation rather than external code (reuse नियमशास्त्र, baseline) | हृदयांवर नियमशास्त्र कोरणे — High |
Chapter 9, verses 1–10 (remainder of chapter not covered in the core-passage section above)
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| ἅγιον κοσμικόν | hagion kosmikon | ”an [this-]worldly sanctuary” | The earthly, physical tabernacle as opposed to the heavenly one | earthly sanctuary | Establishes the physical, provisional nature of the OT tabernacle | ऐहिक पवित्रस्थान — Medium |
| ἡ σκηνὴ ἡ πρώτη / ἁγία ἁγίων | hē skēnē hē prōtē / hagia hagiōn | ”the first section / Holy of Holies” | The two-chambered structure of the tabernacle | Holy Place / Most Holy Place | Sets the physical stage for the whole atonement argument developed in vv. 11–28 | पवित्रस्थान / परमपवित्रस्थान — reuse from core passage (High) |
| κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης | kibōtos tēs diathēkēs | ”ark of the covenant” | The sacred chest containing the covenant tokens | ark of the covenant | Physical symbol of God’s covenant presence | कराराचा कोश — Medium |
| ἱλαστήριον | hilastērion | ”mercy seat, place/means of propitiation” | The gold cover of the ark where atoning blood was applied on the Day of Atonement | mercy seat, atonement cover, place of propitiation | NEW CRITICAL TERM. The single OT location/means of atonement, fulfilled and surpassed by Christ himself (cf. Rom 3:25, same Greek word, not in Romans TM) | दयासन (dayāsan, “seat of mercy”) — Critical. Must not be rendered in a way suggesting an angry deity being ritually appeased/bought off by a human worshiper (as in folk shanti/navas appeasement practices); the mercy seat is God’s own gracious provision of the place where he himself meets sin with mercy, not a device for humans to placate God |
| δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίαι | dōra te kai thysiai | ”gifts and sacrifices” | General term for the whole OT offering system | gifts and sacrifices | Cannot perfect the conscience of the worshiper — sets up the core passage’s central contrast | अर्पणे व बलिदाने — reuse बलिदान (Critical) |
| μὴ δυνάμεναι κατὰ συνείδησιν τελειῶσαι | mē dynamenai kata syneidēsin teleiōsai | ”not able to perfect according to conscience” | The fundamental insufficiency of the old system | cannot perfect the conscience | Direct thesis statement the core passage (vv. 11–28) resolves | विवेकबुद्धीनुसार पूर्ण करू शकत नाहीत — reuse विवेकबुद्धी (Medium) + पूर्ण करणे (High) |
| διόρθωσις | diorthōsis | ”reformation, setting things right” | The time of the new, corrected order inaugurated by Christ | time of reformation | Marks the transition-point the whole book is building toward | सुधारणेचा काळ — Low |
Chapter 9, verses 11–28 — see PART A above (core passage, full verse-by-verse treatment).
Chapter 10 — The Sacrifice of Christ Applied: Confidence, Warning, Perseverance
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| μία θυσία | mia thysia | ”one sacrifice” | Singular, contrasted with the repeated Levitical offerings | single/one sacrifice | Reinforces ephapax logic from ch. 9 | एक बलिदान — reuse बलिदान (Critical) |
| ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα | hodos prosphatos kai zōsa | ”a new and living way” | The access route into God’s presence opened through Christ’s flesh (the torn curtain) | new and living way | Central “access” doctrine image | नवा व जिवंत मार्ग — High |
| καταπέτασμα | katapetasma | ”veil, curtain” | The temple curtain separating the Most Holy Place, torn at Christ’s death (cf. Matt 27:51) | veil, curtain | Christ’s flesh/death is the means of tearing open access to God | पडदा — High; connect explicitly to “Access to God” doctrine |
| προσερχώμεθα | proserchōmetha | ”let us draw near” | Repeated exhortation (4:16, 7:25, 10:22) to approach God confidently | let us draw near | The book’s characteristic “access” exhortation | जवळ जाऊ या / जवळ येऊ या — High; must consistently render this recurring exhortation the same way across the curriculum |
| πληροφορία πίστεως | plērophoria pisteōs | ”full assurance of faith” | Complete confidence, no wavering | full assurance of faith | Grounds “Perseverance and Assurance” doctrine; reuse विश्वास | विश्वासाची पूर्ण खात्री — High (reuse विश्वास, baseline High) |
| ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας | rherantismenoi tas kardias | ”having hearts sprinkled” | Inward cleansing applied by Christ’s blood, echoing 9:13–14 | hearts sprinkled clean | Inward, not merely outward, cleansing accomplished | अंतःकरण शिंपडलेले (शुद्ध केलेले) — High |
| μὴ ἐγκαταλείποντες τὴν ἐπισυναγωγὴν | mē enkataleipontes tēn episynagōgēn | ”not abandoning the assembling together” | Corporate gathering of believers | not neglecting to meet together | Practical outworking of perseverance — mutual accountability in community | एकत्र जमण्याचे सोडून न देणे — Medium; reuse baseline मंडळी concept |
| ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνειν | hekousiōs hamartanein | ”to sin willfully/deliberately” | Deliberate, knowing rejection of the truth already received | sin deliberately | Sets up the most severe warning passage in Hebrews (alongside ch. 6) | मुद्दाम पाप करणे — Critical; core to the apostasy doctrine, requires theologian review |
| καταπατήσας τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ | katapatēsas ton huion tou theou | ”having trampled underfoot the Son of God” | Extreme image of contemptuous rejection | trample underfoot the Son of God | Describes the gravity of apostasy in the starkest terms | देवाच्या पुत्राला पायाखाली तुडवणे — Critical (reuse देवाचा पुत्र, baseline Critical) |
| τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος | to haima tēs diathēkēs koinon hēgēsamenos | ”having regarded the blood of the covenant as common/unholy” | Treating Christ’s atoning blood as ordinary, without special worth | profaning the blood of the covenant | Parallel severity image to the above | कराराचे रक्त सामान्य मानणे — Critical |
| ἐνυβρίσας τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος | enybrisas to pneuma tēs charitos | ”having insulted the Spirit of grace” | Personal outrage against the Holy Spirit himself | outrage/insult the Spirit of grace | Reuse baseline कृपा and पवित्र आत्मा; underscores this is sin against a Person, not violation of an abstract rule | कृपेच्या आत्म्याचा अपमान करणे — Critical (reuse कृपा + पवित्र आत्मा, both baseline Critical) |
| ὑπομονή | hypomonē | ”patient endurance” | Steadfastness under pressure over time | endurance | Central “Perseverance” doctrine term | सहनशीलता (sahanaśīlatā) — High |
| ὑποστέλλομαι | hypostellomai | ”to shrink back, draw back” | Cowardly retreat from faith’s commitment | shrink back | Direct antonym of persevering faith (10:38–39) | माघार घेणे — High |
| ψυχή | psychē | ”soul, life” | The whole inner person/life | soul | ”Preserve their souls” — perseverance’s positive outcome | जीव/आत्मा — Medium; distinguish from आत्मा as used for पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit) — here it denotes the human person/life, not a metaphysical soul-substance requiring resolution |
Chapter 11 — The Faith of the Old Testament Saints
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| πίστις | pistis | ”faith” | Reuse baseline exactly | faith | Defined here (11:1) rather than merely exemplified — the chapter’s structural key term | विश्वास — reuse baseline (High) |
| ὑπόστασις | hypostasis | ”underlying reality, substance, ground of confidence” | Not mere subjective feeling but a real, confident grounding | assurance, substance, reality | Faith is the confident ground of hoped-for realities, not wishful thinking — must be distinguished from bhakti’s devotional feeling or Buddhist confidence in a teaching/path | निश्चिती / आधार — High; central to how “faith” (already Critical/High in Romans) is defined structurally for the first time in Scripture |
| ἔλεγχος | elenchos | ”proof, conviction, demonstration” | Faith as a form of conviction about the unseen, functioning like evidence | conviction, evidence | Faith treats unseen realities (God, future promises) with the same certainty as demonstrated fact | खातरजमा / निश्चिती — High |
| ἐμαρτυρήθησαν | emartyrēthēsan | ”were commended, received testimony” | Divine commendation/approval | gained approval, were commended | The OT saints’ faith, though imperfect in outcome, received God’s own testimony of approval | साक्ष मिळाली — Medium |
| ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι | xenoi kai parepidēmoi | ”strangers and sojourners/exiles” | Temporary, non-belonging residents | strangers and pilgrims, exiles | The patriarchs’ self-understanding as not-at-home on earth, awaiting a heavenly homeland | AVOID यात्रेकरू (which carries strong Warkari wari-pilgrimage associations, i.e., a devotee’s own journey of merit to Pandharpur). Render: परके व प्रवासी (parke va pravāsī, “foreigners and travelers”) — High |
| πατρίς / πόλις | patris / polis | ”homeland / city” | The heavenly homeland and city God has prepared | homeland, city (with foundations) | Grounds eschatological hope distinct from any this-worldly nationalist or communal homeland | मायभूमी / नगर — Medium |
| κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως | kreittonos anastaseōs | ”a better resurrection” | Bodily resurrection to eternal life, better than mere restoration to this mortal life | better resurrection | Reuse baseline पुनरुत्थान exactly; martyrs refused release, hoping for this greater resurrection | श्रेष्ठ पुनरुत्थान — reuse baseline (Critical) |
| ὀνειδισμὸς τοῦ Χριστοῦ | oneidismos tou Christou | ”the reproach of Christ” | Suffering shame for Christ’s sake, anticipated even by Moses | reproach of Christ | Moses’ choice to suffer with God’s people over Egypt’s treasures — models costly faith | ख्रिस्ताचा अपमान सोसणे — Medium |
| οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος | ouk ēn axios ho kosmos | ”the world was not worthy” | The world’s unworthiness relative to persecuted believers | the world was not worthy of them | High commendation of persevering faith under suffering | जग त्यांच्या योग्यतेचे नव्हते — Medium |
| ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν | hina mē chōris hēmōn teleiōthōsin | ”so that not apart from us should they be made perfect” | The OT saints’ faith reaches completion only together with the New Covenant church | not made perfect apart from us | Ties ch. 11 directly into the whole book’s argument that the New Covenant completes/perfects what the Old anticipated (reuse τελειόω, ch. 5) | आमच्याशिवाय पूर्ण केले जाणार नाहीत — High (reuse पूर्ण करणे) |
Chapter 12 — Running the Race; the Discipline of a Father; Mount Zion versus Mount Sinai
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| νέφος μαρτύρων | nephos martyrōn | ”cloud of witnesses” | The assembled OT saints of ch. 11, witnessing/testifying (not “spectating”) | cloud of witnesses | Motivates perseverance by the accumulated testimony of ch. 11’s faithful | साक्षीदारांचा मेघ/समूह — Low |
| ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειωτὴς τῆς πίστεως | archēgos kai teleiōtēs tēs pisteōs | ”founder/pioneer and perfecter of faith” | Christ both originates and brings faith to completion | author and finisher/perfecter of faith | Christocentric focal point of perseverance — reuse ἀρχηγός (ch. 2) and τελειόω (ch. 5) | विश्वासाचा आरंभ करणारा व पूर्ण करणारा — High |
| παιδεία | paideia | ”discipline, training, correction” | A father’s formative correction of a beloved child, not punitive rejection | discipline, chastening | God’s fatherly discipline of believers as evidence of sonship — must not be phrased so as to echo a karma-based retributive-punishment framework (cf. baseline caution on providence/8:28) | शिस्त / ताडन — High. Render as a loving Father’s corrective training, explicitly distinct from an impersonal karmic penalty for past wrongdoing; ties to baseline adoption doctrine (सोनुपत्रत्व/दत्तक पुत्रत्व) |
| καρπὸς εἰρηνικὸς δικαιοσύνης | karpos eirēnikos dikaiosynēs | ”peaceful fruit of righteousness” | The good outcome discipline produces | peaceful fruit of righteousness | Reuse baseline नीतिमत्त्व and शांती | नीतिमत्त्वाचे शांतिदायक फळ — reuse baseline terms (Critical/Medium) |
| ῥίζα πικρίας | rhiza pikrias | ”root of bitterness” | A source of corrupting resentment spreading through a community | root of bitterness | Practical warning within the perseverance section | कटुतेचे मूळ — Low |
| ὄρος Σιὼν… Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐπουρανίῳ | oros Siōn… Ierousalēm epouraniō | ”Mount Zion…heavenly Jerusalem” | The New Covenant reality contrasted with Sinai’s terrifying old-covenant scene | Mount Zion, heavenly Jerusalem | Climactic New-vs-Old Covenant contrast image | सियोन पर्वत / स्वर्गीय यरुशलेम — Medium (proper names) |
| πανήγυρις καὶ ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων | panēgyris kai ekklēsia prōtotokōn | ”festal gathering and assembly of the firstborn” | The joyful heavenly assembly of all believers | assembly of the firstborn | Reuse baseline मंडळी (church) | प्रथमजातांची सभा व मंडळी — reuse मंडळी (Medium, baseline) + new प्रथमजात (High) |
| πνεύματα δικαίων τετελειωμένων | pneumata dikaiōn teteleiōmenōn | ”spirits of righteous ones made perfect” | Departed believers now brought to completion | spirits of just men made perfect | Reuse नीतिमान (righteous) and τελειόω vocabulary | पूर्ण केलेल्या नीतिमानांचे आत्मे — High |
| βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος | basileia asaleutos | ”unshakeable kingdom” | The permanent, indestructible eschatological kingdom | kingdom that cannot be shaken | Reuse baseline देवाचे राज्य | अढळ राज्य — reuse देवाचे राज्य (Medium, baseline) |
| πῦρ καταναλίσκον | pyr katanaliskon | ”consuming fire” | God’s holy, judging presence (Deuteronomy 4:24) | consuming fire | Closing warning of reverent awe due to God’s holiness | भस्म करणारा अग्नी — Medium |
Chapter 13 — Concluding Exhortations: Love, Leadership, the Altar Outside the Camp
| Term | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Theological meaning | Marathi & risk |
|---|
| φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | ”brotherly love” | Love within the believing community | brotherly love | Practical outworking of the family-of-God theme | बंधुप्रेम — Low |
| φιλοξενία | philoxenia | ”hospitality, love of strangers” | Welcoming outsiders, echoing “entertained angels unaware” | hospitality | Practical community ethic | आतिथ्य — Low |
| θυσιαστήριον | thysiastērion | ”altar” | The place of sacrificial offering; here, metaphorically, believers’ access to Christ’s sacrifice | altar | ”We have an altar” — believers’ unique access, denied to those still under the old sacrificial system | वेदी (vedī) — Medium; established Marathi Bible term for altar (distinguish by context from any implied Vedic ritual site — no actual etymological link, but flag for translator awareness) |
| ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς / πύλης | exō tēs parembolēs / pylēs | ”outside the camp / gate” | Where the sin-offering’s carcass was burned; where Christ was crucified | outside the camp, outside the gate | Christ’s suffering “outside the gate” to sanctify people — reuse baseline पवित्रीकरण | छावणी/वेशीबाहेर — Medium (reuse पवित्रीकरण concept, High baseline) |
| θυσία αἰνέσεως | thysia aineseōs | ”sacrifice of praise” | Verbal offering of thanksgiving, replacing animal sacrifice | sacrifice of praise | Reuse बलिदान + baseline उपकारस्तुती (thanksgiving) | स्तुतीचे बलिदान — reuse बलिदान (Critical) + उपकारस्तुती (Low, baseline) |
| ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ μέγας | ho poimēn ho megas | ”the great shepherd” | Christ as shepherd of God’s flock, raised from the dead | great shepherd (of the sheep) | Closing Christological title, tied to resurrection (reuse पुनरुत्थान) | महान मेंढपाळ — Low; reuse पुनरुत्थान in surrounding clause (Critical) |
| αἷμα διαθήκης αἰωνίου | haima diathēkēs aiōniou | ”blood of the eternal covenant” | Final summary phrase tying together covenant, blood, and eternality themes of the whole book | blood of the eternal covenant | Closing doctrinal summary statement of the entire epistle | सार्वकालिक कराराचे रक्त — High (reuse करार + रक्त, both established above) |
| ἡγούμενοι | hēgoumenoi | ”those who lead, rule over” | Church leaders/elders | leaders, those who rule over you | Instruction to obey/submit to and pray for church leaders | मंडळीचे पुढारी — Medium; distinguish clearly from caste or political “leaders” |
Summary of NEW Terms Requiring Registry Entries (not present in baseline Romans TM)
high_priest, priest, priesthood, levitical_priesthood, melchizedek, order_of_melchizedek, sacrifice, offering, blood_of_christ, tabernacle, most_holy_place, veil_curtain, mediator, new_covenant, old_first_covenant, eternal, redemption, purification, conscience, once_for_all, perfect_perfection, apostasy_falling_away, shadow_copy, rest_katapausis, sabbath_rest, word_of_god_hebrews, heir_inheritance, firstborn, throne_of_grace, boldness_confidence, elementary_principles, repentance, laying_on_of_hands, eternal_judgment, anchor_of_soul, oath, promise_epangelia, tithe, mercy_seat, ark_of_covenant, reformation, not_made_with_hands, sprinkling, without_blemish, dead_works, serve_latreuo, testament_will_wordplay, eternal_inheritance, draw_near, new_and_living_way, full_assurance, confession_homologia, endurance, shrink_back, assurance_hypostasis, conviction_elenchos, strangers_pilgrims, better_resurrection, author_and_perfecter, discipline_chastening, mount_zion, consuming_fire, brotherly_love, hospitality, altar, outside_the_camp, sacrifice_of_praise, angel, devil_satan, propitiation, house_of_god.
Full risk classification and Marathi renderings for every term above are recorded in analysis/08_core_glossary.md.