Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus | English → Marathi
This glossary extends (never contradicts) the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] must use the exact recorded Marathi rendering from the baseline package. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed here for the first time for the Titus curriculum and must be added to translation memory before Phase 2 begins, with risk-appropriate review routing.
Legend: Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier system (Critical / High / Medium / Low). “Chapter Refs” cites all Titus occurrences of the underlying concept, not merely the core passage.
1. Salvation, Grace, and Works
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Marathi | Risk | Status | Chapter Refs | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | charis | कृपा | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7 | Warkari devotional कृपा (Vitthal’s favor) collision; must stay Christ-specific and unearned per baseline. |
| Salvation / saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | sōtēria / sōzō | तारण / तारणे | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:3-4; 2:10-11,13; 3:4-6 | Never मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण — per baseline. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | तारणारा | Critical | [NEW] | 1:3-4; 2:10,13; 3:4,6 | Title shared by God the Father and Jesus Christ (deity-of-Christ implication). Never मोक्षदाता/मुक्तिदाता (Vitthal-associated liberation-giver epithets). Requires theologian review on every occurrence. |
| Justification | δικαιόω | dikaioō | नीतिमान ठरवणे | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 3:7 | Forensic declaration, not self-achieved merit; per baseline. |
| Righteousness (works “in righteousness”) | δικαιοσύνη | dikaiosynē | नीतिमत्त्व | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 3:5 | Never धर्म; per baseline. In 3:5 modifies “works” that are explicitly EXCLUDED as the ground of salvation. |
| Imputed/credited righteousness contrast | ἔργων…ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς | ergōn… ha epoiēsamen hēmeis | आपण स्वतः केलेली कामे | Critical | [BASELINE-CONSISTENT] | 3:5 | Directly parallels baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry; must not read as merit accumulated through self-effort (स्वकष्टार्जित), rejected in both Hindu karma-merit and Buddhist self-cultivation frameworks. |
| Good works | καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὸν ἔργον | kala erga / agathon ergon | चांगली कामे | Critical | [NEW] | 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14 | Most-repeated phrase in Titus. Never सत्कर्म/पुण्यकर्म (karma-merit-loaded). Must be taught as fruit of grace, never its ground — the central tension of “Salvation by Grace not Works” doctrine. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | दया | High | [NEW] | 3:5 | Distinguish from करुणा (the specific Buddhist ethical virtue of cultivated compassion); God’s ἔλεος is his own initiating disposition, not a practitioner’s cultivated state. |
| Redeem/redemption | λυτρόω | lytroō | उद्धार करणे | High | [NEW] | 2:14 | Avoid मुक्त करणे as primary verb (shares root with forbidden मुक्ती); उद्धार keeps distance from Hindu liberation categories. |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | अनाचार | Medium-High | [NEW] | 2:14 | Built on baseline’s नियमशास्त्र root; the condition from which believers are redeemed. |
| Grace that trains | παιδεύω | paideuō | शिस्त लावणे / प्रशिक्षण देणे | Critical | [NEW] | 2:12 | Central term of curriculum doctrine “Grace That Trains for Godly Living.” Grace itself, not self-willed discipline, is the trainer. |
| Adoption (cross-reference) | υἱοθεσία | huiothesia | दत्तक पुत्रत्व | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | (conceptual bkgd. to 3:7 “heirs”) | Per baseline; Titus 3:7’s “heirs” presumes this doctrine. |
| Heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | वारस | Medium-High | [NEW] | 3:7 | Legal/relational consequence of adoption; ties justification to inheritance rights. |
| Hope of eternal life | ἐλπὶς ζωῆς αἰωνίου | elpis zōēs aiōniou | सार्वकालिक जीवनाची आशा | Medium | [NEW] | 1:2; 3:7 | Distinguish confident, fixed Christian hope from cyclical-rebirth or open-ended worldly hope. |
| Trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | हे वचन विश्वसनीय आहे | Medium | [NEW] | 3:8 | Pastoral-epistle formula marking authoritative doctrinal summary; built on विश्वास root. |
2. Christology and Divine Titles
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Marathi | Risk | Status | Chapter Refs | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iēsous | येशू | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | throughout | Per baseline; never ईसा. |
| Christ | Χριστός | Christos | ख्रिस्त | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE naming convention] | throughout | Per baseline AI requirements naming table. |
| God | θεός | theos | परमेश्वर | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | throughout | Never देव/भगवान alone for doctrinal precision; per baseline. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | pneuma hagion | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 3:5 | Never परमात्मा/ब्रह्म; per baseline. |
| ”Our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (deity of Christ) | ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | ho megas theos kai sōtēr hēmōn Iēsous Christos | आपला महान परमेश्वर व तारणारा येशू ख्रिस्त | Critical | [BASELINE-CONSISTENT extension] | 2:13 | Granville Sharp construction identifies Jesus Christ as “great God” directly — one of the NT’s clearest deity-of-Christ texts. Must preserve single-referent grammar in Marathi. Mandatory theologian review. |
| Appearing / manifestation (epiphany theme) | ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια | epiphainō / epiphaneia | प्रकट होणे / प्रकटीकरण | Critical | [NEW] | 1:3; 2:11,13; 3:4 | Must never be assimilated to अवतार (avatar-descent) or Bodhisattva-rebirth imagery, per baseline’s Incarnation caution; spans both Christ’s first coming (grace) and future return (glory). |
| Glory | δόξα | doxa | गौरव | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 2:13 | Per baseline; avoid light-only imagery collision with enlightenment/bodhi associations. |
3. Regeneration and the Holy Spirit’s Work
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Marathi | Risk | Status | Chapter Refs | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regeneration / new birth | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | नवजन्म | Critical | [NEW — HIGHEST PRIORITY] | 3:5 | Single highest-risk new term in Titus. NEVER पुनर्जन्म (Hindu cyclical rebirth by karma, already forbidden for “resurrection” in baseline for the same reason) and never conflated with Buddhist पुनर्भव (impersonal re-arising of aggregates). नवजन्म names a one-time, Spirit-wrought new spiritual origin within a continuous personal identity — mandatory translator note and theologian review on every occurrence. |
| Washing | λουτρόν | loutron | स्नान | High | [NEW] | 3:5 | Generic “washing/bath”; distinguish from Hindu ritual bathing (snan/tirtha) for merit — recommend translator note tying it to the inward reality of new birth, not a repeatable purification rite. |
| Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | नूतनीकरण | High | [NEW] | 3:5 | The Spirit’s ongoing renewing work, distinct from one-time regeneration (नवजन्म) and from self-directed moral self-improvement or ascetic renewal practice. |
| Poured out (Spirit) | ἐκχέω | ekcheō | ओतणे | Medium | [NEW] | 3:6 | Pentecost-echoing image of generous, deliberate divine giving. |
| Sanctification (cross-reference) | ἁγιασμός | hagiasmos | पवित्रीकरण | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | (conceptual bkgd.) | Per baseline; distinguished from regeneration (one-time) as the ongoing process following it. |
4. Sound Doctrine, Godliness, and Character
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Marathi | Risk | Status | Chapter Refs | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound doctrine | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα | didaskalia hygiainousa | सुदृढ शिकवण | High | [NEW] | 1:9; 1:13; 2:1; 2:2 (implicit); 2:8 (“sound speech”) | KEY curriculum term “Sound Doctrine and Good Works.” Must be distinguished from Warkari abhang devotional poetry and Buddhist Dhamma teaching-authority claims per baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture caution. |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | सुभक्ति | High | [NEW] | 1:1; 2:12 | Established Marathi Christian convention. Must always be tied explicitly to reverence for the one true God in Christ, never presented as a transferable generic devotional virtue (risk of merging with भक्ति directed at Vitthal or other deities). |
| Ungodliness | ἀσέβεια | asebeia | अभक्ती | High | [NEW] | 2:12 | Opposite of सुभक्ति; avoid अधर्म (dharma-loaded) per baseline’s law/righteousness caution. |
| Self-control / sound-mindedness | σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω | sōphrōn family | संयमी / संयमाने / संयम शिकवणे | High | [NEW] | 1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12 | Recurring across nearly every character list in the letter. Must be presented as grace-enabled fruit (2:12’s παιδεύω), never self-generated yogic/ascetic discipline — parallel to baseline’s caution against स्वकष्टार्जित (self-labor-earned) virtue. |
| Slave/servant (of God) | δοῦλος (θεοῦ) | doulos (theou) | देवाचा दास | High | [NEW] | 1:1 | Collision risk with Warkari bhakti self-designation (“दास of Vitthal/Pandurang”); requires translator note distinguishing total bond-belonging to the one sovereign God from devotional bhakti submission to a chosen personal deity. |
| Slave/servant (enslaved to passions — negative use) | δουλεύω (ἐπιθυμίαις) | douleuō (epithymiais) | वासनांच्या दास्यत्वात असणे | High | [NEW] | 2:3; 3:3 | Negative use of the same root as देवाचा दास; must be clearly contrasted so the two senses (bondage to sin vs. willing service to God) are not conflated. |
| Slave/servant (household code) | δοῦλος | doulos | दास / गुलाम | High | [NEW] | 2:9-10 | Historical Greco-Roman household-slavery context; must not be conflated with India’s caste-based labor/servitude systems in application or footnoting — recommend explanatory teaching note. |
| Submission (to authority/husbands/masters) | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | अधीन राहणे / अधीनता | High | [NEW] | 2:5,9; 3:1 | KEY curriculum term “Submission to Authority,” recurring across three domains (household, civic, servant). Must never echo fatalistic, karma-determined subordination to social station; framed as voluntary, gospel-motivated posture. |
| Rulers and authorities | ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι | archai kai exousiai | अधिकारी आणि सत्ताधीश | Medium-High | [NEW] | 3:1 | Civil-government instruction parallel to Romans 13; handle with political-sensitivity awareness per baseline’s native-speaker-review flag for government/authority passages. |
| Obedience (to authority) | πειθαρχέω | peitharcheō | आज्ञापालन करणे | High | [NEW] | 3:1 | Built on baseline’s आज्ञापालन root from obedience_of_faith. |
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | वडील | Medium | [NEW] | 1:5 | Ambiguity risk with ordinary Marathi word for “father”/generic elder; use consistent qualifying phrase (मंडळीतील वडील). |
| Overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | अध्यक्ष / पर्यवेक्षक | Medium | [NEW] | 1:7 | Synonymous with πρεσβύτερος in Titus 1 (not a later hierarchical “bishop” office); avoid transliterated बिशप, which over-implies institutional hierarchy. |
| Foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις | mōrai zētēseis | मूर्ख वाद-विवाद | High | [NEW] | 3:9 | KEY curriculum term “Avoiding Divisive Controversies.” |
| Factious/divisive person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | फूट पाडणारा मनुष्य | High | [NEW] | 3:10 | Distinguish from the later doctrinal-deviance sense of “heretic” — here names one who persistently causes sectarian division. |
| Quarrels about the law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | नियमशास्त्राविषयीचे वाद | Medium-High | [NEW] | 3:9 | Built on baseline’s नियमशास्त्र root. |
| Genealogies | γενεαλογία | genealogia | वंशावळी | Medium | [NEW] | 3:9 | Warning against speculative disputes, not a devaluation of OT covenant lineage (e.g., baseline’s seed_of_david); handle with a note given Maharashtra’s live lineage/caste-genealogy discourse. |
| Faith (cross-reference, recurring) | πίστις | pistis | विश्वास | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:15 | Per baseline; personal trust in Christ, not devotional reverence (bhakti/shraddha). |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | प्रेषित | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1 | Per baseline. |
| Election / God’s elect | ἐκλεκτοί θεοῦ | eklektoi theou | देवाची निवड | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1 | Per baseline; never नशीब/दैव/कर्मफळ framing. |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | parakaleō | उत्तेजन देणे | Low | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:9; 2:6,15 | Per baseline; context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement. |
| Law | νόμος (implicit in νομικάς) | nomikas | नियमशास्त्र | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 3:9 | Per baseline; never धर्म/धम्म. |
5. Household and Social Relationship Terms
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Marathi | Risk | Status | Chapter Refs | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | एका पत्नीचा पती | Medium | [NEW] | 1:6 | Eldership qualification; marital faithfulness/monogamy. |
| Older man / older woman | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις | presbytēs / presbytis | वृद्ध पुरुष / वृद्ध स्त्री | Low | [NEW] | 2:2-3 | Age-based instruction groups. |
| Younger man / younger woman (implied) | νεώτερος / νέας | neōteros / neas | तरुण पुरुष / तरुण स्त्री | Low | [NEW] | 2:4,6 | Age-based instruction groups. |
| Working at home | οἰκουργός | oikourgos | घर सांभाळणाऱ्या | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 2:5 | Culturally-situated domestic virtue; convey underlying diligence principle without imposing a rigid modern social-role reading. |
| Loving husbands/children | φίλανδρος / φιλότεκνος | philandros / philoteknos | पतीवर प्रेम करणाऱ्या / मुलांवर प्रेम करणाऱ्या | Low | [NEW] | 2:4 | Positive relational virtues. |
| Slanderer (adjective, not “the Devil”) | διάβολος (adj.) | diabolos | चहाडखोर / निंदक | Medium | [NEW] | 2:3 | Disambiguate from सैतान (Satan) usage elsewhere in Scripture. |
| Master (household) | δεσπότης | despotēs | धनी | Medium | [NEW] | 2:9 | Historical household-master context; note distinction from caste-based labor hierarchy. |
6. Low-Risk Character and Virtue Terms (Consolidated)
These terms carry Low doctrinal risk individually but should still be recorded for translation-memory consistency across the letter’s extensive virtue/vice lists (1:6-8; 2:2-10; 3:1-3).
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Marathi | Risk | Chapter Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blameless | ἀνέγκλητος | anenklētos | निर्दोष | Low | 1:6-7 |
| Self-willed | αὐθάδης | authadēs | हट्टी | Low | 1:7 |
| Quick-tempered | ὀργίλος | orgilos | रागीट | Low | 1:7 |
| Given to wine | πάροινος | paroinos | मद्यपी | Low | 1:7 |
| Violent | πλήκτης | plēktēs | मारझोड करणारा | Low | 1:7 |
| Greedy for [shameful] gain | αἰσχροκερδής | aischrokerdēs | अनुचित फायद्याचा लोभी | Low | 1:7,11 |
| Hospitable | φιλόξενος | philoxenos | आतिथ्यशील | Low | 1:8 |
| Lover of good | φιλάγαθος | philagathos | चांगल्याची आवड असणारा | Low | 1:8 |
| Holy/devout | ὅσιος | hosios | भक्तिनिष्ठ | Medium | 1:8 (distinct from ἅγιος/पवित्र) |
| Disciplined | ἐγκρατής | enkratēs | आत्मसंयमी | Medium | 1:8 |
| Debauchery | ἀσωτία | asōtia | स्वैराचार | Low | 1:6 |
| Insubordinate | ἀνυπότακτος | anypotaktos | आज्ञा न मानणारा / बंडखोर | High | 1:6,10 |
| Empty talker | ματαιολόγος | mataiologos | वायफळ बडबड करणारा | Low | 1:10 |
| Deceiver | φρεναπάτης | phrenapatēs | फसवणारा | Low | 1:10 |
| Detestable | βδελυκτός | bdelyktos | घृणास्पद | Low | 1:16 |
| Disqualified | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | अपात्र | High | 1:16 (paired with good-works measuring rod) |
| Peaceable | ἄμαχος | amachos | भांडखोर नसणे | Low | 3:2 |
| Gentle | ἐπιεικής | epieikēs | सौम्य | Low | 3:2 |
| Meekness | πραΰτης | prautēs | नम्रता | Low | 3:2 |
| Foolish | ἀνόητος | anoētos | मूर्ख | High | 3:3 (universal accountability sensitivity) |
| Disobedient | ἀπειθής | apeithēs | आज्ञा न मानणारे | Medium | 3:3 |
| Led astray | πλανάω | planaō | भरकटलेले | Medium | 3:3 |
| Malice / envy | κακία / φθόνος | kakia / phthonos | दुष्टता / मत्सर | Low | 3:3 |
| Kindness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | उपकारीपणा / दयाळूपणा | Medium | 3:4 |
| Love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | मानवप्रेम | Medium-High | 3:4 (avoid conflation with social-uplift movements as an end in themselves) |
| Unfruitful / fruit | ἄκαρπος / καρπός | akarpos / karpos | निष्फळ / फळ | Medium/Low | 3:14 |
7. Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms (this glossary) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (mandatory) |
| High | 19 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 20 | Automated review |
Highest-priority additions for translation_memory.json before Phase 2: नवजन्म (regeneration), तारणारा (Savior), चांगली कामे (good works), शिस्त लावणे (grace’s training action), अधीन राहणे/अधीनता (submission), सुभक्ति/अभक्ती (godliness/ungodliness), सुदृढ शिकवण (sound doctrine), प्रकट होणे/प्रकटीकरण (epiphany theme), दया (mercy), मूर्ख वाद-विवाद (foolish controversies).
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Titus begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Warkari bhakti already names devotional favor with कृपा, so it reads as familiar; every occurrence must make explicit the favor is unearned and Christ-specific. In Titus, कृपा is personified as the acting subject that saves (2:11), trains (2:12), and justifies (3:7) — grammatical-subject discipline required per analysis/06 §1.1: grace must remain the textual agent, never collapse into self-training.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] NEVER मोक्ष/मुक्ती/निर्वाण. Titus 1:3-4; 2:10-11,13; 3:4-6 — ‘he saved us’ (ἔσωσεν, 3:5) is the central verb of the core passage’s negative-then-positive structure and must retain तारण’s personal, Christ-given, God-initiated sense.
Justification
Approved rendering: नीतिमान ठरवणे
Transliteration: nītimān ṭharavaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: माफी मिळणे, पुण्य कमावणे
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Forensic declaration of right standing. Titus 3:7 uses the participial form नीतिमान ठरवलेले (‘having been justified’) as an already-completed act grounding heir-status; never abbreviate to a single word.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: nītimattva
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] NEVER धर्म. Titus 3:5 uses this adjectivally of ‘works done in righteousness’ that are explicitly EXCLUDED as salvation’s ground — see the new righteousness_works_excluded entry below for the full contrast clause.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: āropit nītimattva
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: स्वकष्टार्जित नीतिमत्त्व
Original: ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς (contrast clause, cf. Romans 4:3)
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Credited righteousness from God, never self-labor-earned righteousness. Retained here for cross-curriculum consistency with Romans 4:3; Titus 3:5’s distinct negative-works clause is recorded separately under righteousness_works_excluded to avoid key collision.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] देव flattens monotheistic exclusivity (any deity — Ganpati, Vitthal, a village deity). Titus applies this term to the Father throughout (1:3-4; 2:10,13; 3:4) and, via the Granville Sharp construction of 2:13, directly to Christ; see new great_god_and_savior entry.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Marathi Christian standard; never ईसा (Muslim/Urdu usage). Occurs throughout Titus.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मसीहा (as substitute for the proper-name usage), अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New formal translation_memory entry — previously only present in the baseline AI requirements naming table (12_ai_translation_requirements.md), not as its own translation_memory.json record. Formalized here since Titus pairs ‘Christ’ with ‘Jesus’ constantly (1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6) and 2:13 turns on Christ carrying the title ‘God’ and ‘Savior’ identically; render ख्रिस्त as a title carrying full messianic/anointed weight, never merely a surname.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Regeneration and Renewal by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] NEVER परमात्मा or ब्रह्म. The divine agent of regeneration (नवजन्म) and renewal (नूतनीकरण) in Titus 3:5-6, ‘poured out’ (ओतणे) richly through Christ — a personal Spirit, not an impersonal universal spirit.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
[Inherited from Romans package.] Titus 1:4, ‘God the Father’ in the salutation, paired with ‘Christ Jesus our Savior’. Personal, relational Father, not an abstract creator-principle.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
[Inherited from Romans package.] κύριος does not occur as a distinct lexeme in Titus’s Greek text; retained here for cross-curriculum consistency, since Christ’s exclusive, supreme lordship is the doctrine underlying Titus’s ‘great God and Savior’ title-sharing (2:13) even though the specific word ‘Lord’ is not the vehicle there. Do not force this word into Titus segments where it is not in the source; use only where Marathi teaching material explicitly invokes Christ’s lordship.
Savior
Approved rendering: तारणारा
Transliteration: tāraṇārā
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मोक्षदाता, मुक्तिदाता, तारणहार (reserved as a devotionally-loaded alternative, not adopted)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New Titus term, built on the baseline तारण root. Applied to both God the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and Jesus Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) — a title-sharing pattern testifying to Christ’s deity. NEVER मोक्षदाता/मुक्तिदाता, which would place Christ alongside Vitthal as one liberation-granting deity among a devotee’s chosen pantheon. Mandatory theologian review on every occurrence given the Father/Son title-sharing implication.
Epiphany
Approved rendering: प्रकट होणे / प्रकटीकरण
Transliteration: prakaṭ hoṇe / prakaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, दर्शन
Original: ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
New Titus term spanning the letter’s unifying epiphany theme (ἐπιφαίνω/ἐπιφάνεια): grace’s past appearing (2:11), God’s kindness appearing (3:4), Christ’s future glorious appearing (2:13). NEVER अवतार (Vitthal/Krishna avatar-descent) or दर्शन (a devotee’s act of viewing a deity); this is a once-for-all historical disclosure paired with one future certain appearing, not cyclical or repeatable.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: आपला महान परमेश्वर व तारणारा येशू ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: āplā mahān Parameśvar va tāraṇārā Yeśū Khrist
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: आपला महान परमेश्वर, आणि आपला तारणारा येशू ख्रिस्त (two-referent punctuation, rejected)
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New Titus term (Titus 2:13). Granville Sharp construction identifying ‘great God’ and ‘Savior’ as one person: Jesus Christ — one of the NT’s clearest direct deity-of-Christ texts. Marathi rendering must preserve single-referent grammar so readers cannot misread this as two figures (Father as God, a lesser merely-honored Jesus as Savior). Mandatory theologian review on every occurrence.
Good Works
Approved rendering: चांगली कामे
Transliteration: cāṅglī kāme
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: सत्कर्म, पुण्यकर्म
Original: καλὰ ἔργα / ἀγαθὸν ἔργον
Category: Salvation
New Titus term, the most-repeated phrase in the letter (1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14). NEVER सत्कर्म or पुण्यकर्म — both carry the Hindu/Buddhist merit-earning connotation of कर्म as a cosmic ledger. Titus holds two claims in tension without collapsing either: works are excluded as salvation’s GROUND (3:5) yet commanded as its necessary FRUIT (2:14; 3:8,14) — this tension must be visible in translation, never smoothed away.
Grace Training
Approved rendering: शिस्त लावणे / प्रशिक्षण देणे
Transliteration: śist lāvṇe / praśikṣaṇ deṇe
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: स्वयं-शिस्त (self-discipline, rejected as subject-drift)
Original: παιδεύω
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (παιδεύω, 2:12), central to the curriculum’s title doctrine. Grace itself must remain the explicit grammatical subject (‘कृपा … शिकवते/शिस्त लावते’), never a reflexive construction implying the believer disciplines themselves — which would collapse this doctrine into the very self-cultivation ethic (e.g. the Eightfold Path) it displaces.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: नवजन्म
Transliteration: navjanma
Doctrine: Regeneration and Renewal by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव, जन्म (alone, rejected as ambiguous)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Regeneration
New Titus term (παλιγγενεσία, 3:5) — the single highest-risk new term in the whole book. NEVER पुनर्जन्म (Hindu cyclical rebirth by karma, already forbidden in baseline for ‘resurrection’ for the identical reason) or पुनर्भव (Buddhist technical term for impersonal re-arising of aggregates, denying a continuous self). नवजन्म affirms a single, once-for-all spiritual re-origination of a continuous personal identity, wrought entirely by the Holy Spirit, never a stage within any repeating cycle. Mandatory translator note and human theologian review on every occurrence, no exceptions.
Righteousness Works Excluded
Approved rendering: आपण स्वतः केलेली नीतिमत्त्वाची कामे
Transliteration: āpaṇ svataḥ kelelī nītimattvācī kāme
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace, Not Works
Rejected alternatives: स्वकष्टार्जित नीतिमत्त्व (rejected as leaving room for partial merit)
New Titus term, the negative-works contrast clause of Titus 3:5 (οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς), parallel to but distinct from the baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry (a positive, Romans 4:3 sense). This clause explicitly EXCLUDES human works entirely as salvation’s ground — the negative particle must stand emphatically and untouched; forbid softening conjunctions (‘only,’ ‘merely,’ ‘mainly’) not present in the source. Mandatory theologian review, no exceptions.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बातमी, खबर
[Inherited from Romans package.] Established Marathi Bible term for the one saving proclamation. Not a repeated lexeme in Titus’s Greek text, but Titus 1:2-3 (‘manifested his word through the preaching entrusted to me’) and the whole Sound Doctrine/Good Works doctrine presuppose this term; reuse exactly if referenced in teaching material.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package.] Personal trust in Christ specifically, not devotional reverence toward a chosen deity. Titus 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:15; root of common_faith and knowledge_of_truth entries below.
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Election and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐκλεκτοί θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Titus 1:1 ‘God’s elect’ (ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ). Must never echo the karma-birth explanation of social station Ambedkarite Buddhist communities rejected in 1956; election is God’s gracious personal choosing, never a cosmic ledger of past-life merit.
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, धम्म
Original: νόμος (in μάχαι νομικαί)
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package.] NEVER धर्म or धम्म — both carry a politically live, caste-linked or Ambedkarite-reinterpreted history Mosaic law does not share. Root for the new quarrels_about_law entry below (Titus 3:9).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package.] The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy; in Titus this is conceptually distinct from, and the natural sequel to, the one-time regeneration named in 3:5 (see renewal/ नूतनीकरण, the term Titus actually uses for this ongoing work).
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्रत्व
Transliteration: dattak putratva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: दत्तक घेणे
[Inherited from Romans package.] No lexeme for adoption appears in Titus, but Titus 3:7’s ‘heirs’ (κληρονόμοι, see new heir entry) presumes this doctrine’s full son-status and inheritance rights; keep cross-referenced, not duplicated.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
[Inherited from Romans package.] Set apart, morally pure. Used contrastively against the new holy_devout (ὅσιος/भक्तिनिष्ठ) entry, which names a distinct devotional-reverent quality in Titus 1:8, and against शुद्ध’s ritual-purity risk flagged at Titus 1:15.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
[Inherited from Romans package.] Moral transgression before a personal God. Titus 3:3’s description of pre-conversion foolishness and enslavement to passions (see new foolish and slave_to_passions entries) is the doctrinal occasion for this term in Titus; must never echo the caste-Hindu birth-karma framework Ambedkarite communities rejected.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासाचे आज्ञापालन
Transliteration: viśvāsāce āgnāpālan
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य
[Inherited from Romans package.] Not directly repeated in Titus but shares its आज्ञापालन root with the new obedience_to_authority (πειθαρχέω, Titus 3:1) entry below; keep the two doctrinally distinct — this one names faith-flowing obedience to God, the new entry names civic obedience to rulers.
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity and Saviorhood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Titus 2:13, Christ’s future appearing is ‘of glory’ — God’s radiant honor. Avoid light-only imagery that could merge with enlightenment/bodhi associations.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: dayā
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Rejected alternatives: करुणा
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (ἔλεος, 3:5), the positive ground of salvation, distinguished from grace: mercy addresses human misery, grace addresses human unworthiness. NEVER करुणा, the specific Buddhist ethical virtue of compassion cultivated as one of the four brahmavihara through practitioner effort — God’s ἔλεος is his own initiating disposition toward the helpless, not a cultivated inner virtue.
Redemption
Approved rendering: उद्धार करणे
Transliteration: uddhār karaṇe
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: मुक्त करणे
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (λυτρόω, Titus 2:14) — Christ’s self-giving to redeem believers from lawlessness. Avoid मुक्त करणे as the primary verb since it shares a root with the forbidden मुक्ती (baseline salvation caution); उद्धार keeps clear distance from the Warkari-Hindu liberation category while conveying decisive deliverance from moral bondage.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: अनाचार
Transliteration: anācār
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: नियमशास्त्राचे उल्लंघन (acceptable as a gloss, not the primary term)
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Covenant
New Titus term (ἀνομία, Titus 2:14), built on the baseline नियमशास्त्र root — the condition from which Christ redeems believers. Names moral disorder before a personal God, not ritual impurity or impersonal cosmic-law violation.
Washing
Approved rendering: स्नान
Transliteration: snān
Doctrine: Regeneration and Renewal by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: स्नानविधी (rejected as too ritual-specific)
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Regeneration
New Titus term (λουτρόν, 3:5), the visible sign associated with the inward reality of regeneration. NEVER used without a clarifying note distinguishing it from Hindu ritual bathing for merit (snan/tirtha-yatra purification, e.g. Kumbh Mela bathing) — this washing is the sign of an already-accomplished inward reality, not a repeatable purificatory rite.
Renewal
Approved rendering: नूतनीकरण
Transliteration: nūtanīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Regeneration and Renewal by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: नवीनीकरण (rejected as bureaucratic-register, e.g. ‘license renewal’)
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Regeneration
New Titus term (ἀνακαίνωσις, 3:5), the Spirit’s ongoing renewing work, distinguished from the one-time regeneration (नवजन्म) named just before it in the same verse. Distinguish from self-directed moral self-improvement or ascetic renewal practice.
Slave Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचा दास
Transliteration: devācā dāsa
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Commission
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New Titus term (δοῦλος θεοῦ, Titus 1:1), Paul’s self-designation of total, willing bond-belonging to God, opening the letter and framing his apostolic authority. Collision risk: Warkari bhakti devotees commonly self-designate as ‘दास of Vitthal/Pandurang’ (cf. Tukaram’s abhangs). Mandatory translator note distinguishing total, purchased bond-service to the one sovereign God from devotional bhakti self-submission to a chosen personal deity. Because this phrase opens the letter, an uncorrected collision colors the reader’s frame for everything that follows.
Self Control
Approved rendering: संयमी / संयमाने
Transliteration: saṃyamī / saṃyamāne
Doctrine: Godliness and Self-Control
Rejected alternatives: स्वकष्टार्जित संयम (self-labor-earned discipline, rejected)
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (σώφρων/σωφρόνως/σωφρονίζω family), recurring across nearly every character list in the letter (1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12). Must be presented as grace-enabled fruit (2:12’s grace_training), never self-generated yogic/ascetic discipline — parallel to baseline’s caution against स्वकष्टार्जित (self-labor-earned) virtue.
Godliness
Approved rendering: सुभक्ति
Transliteration: subhakti
Doctrine: Godliness and Self-Control
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति (alone, rejected as a transferable generic devotional virtue)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (εὐσέβεια, Titus 1:1; 2:12), established Marathi Christian convention for practical, conduct-shaping reverence. Must always be tied explicitly to reverence for the one true God revealed in Christ, never presented as a generic devotional virtue transferable to Vitthal or any other object of worship.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: अभक्ती
Transliteration: abhaktī
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (ἀσέβεια, Titus 2:12), direct opposite of सुभक्ति — the condition grace trains believers away from. Avoid अधर्म (dharma-loaded) per baseline’s law/righteousness caution against politically live vocabulary.
Household Slave
Approved rendering: दास / गुलाम
Transliteration: dāsa / gulām
Doctrine: Household Codes (Wives, Older/Younger, Slaves)
Rejected alternatives: कर्मचारी (employee, rejected as an anachronistic modernizing euphemism)
Original: δοῦλος (household code)
Category: Household Ethics
New Titus term (δοῦλος, Titus 2:9-10), the household-code addressee. Historical Greco-Roman slavery context, distinct from India’s caste-based labor/servitude systems, which must NEVER be conflated in application or footnoting. Mandatory teaching/translator note distinguishing the NT household-code context (a now-obsolete social institution) from caste-based servitude, given the weight this history carries for Ambedkarite Buddhist and Dalit Christian readers.
Submission
Approved rendering: अधीन राहणे / अधीनता
Transliteration: adhīn rāhaṇe / adhīnatā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: दुय्यम असणे
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority and Submission
New Titus term (ὑποτάσσω), KEY curriculum term, recurring across wives (2:5), slaves (2:9), and civil rulers (3:1). दुय्यम असणे (‘being secondary/subordinate’) is hard-fenced off entirely — it risks sounding ontological, echoing caste hierarchy’s vocabulary of permanent, birth-fixed subordination. अधीन राहणे/अधीनता must always be taught as a voluntary, gospel-motivated posture chosen within specific relational domains, never a statement of unequal worth or unchangeable social destiny.
Obedience To Authority
Approved rendering: आज्ञापालन करणे
Transliteration: āgnāpālan karaṇe
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Authority and Submission
New Titus term (πειθαρχέω, Titus 3:1), built on the baseline आज्ञापालन root from obedience_of_faith but doctrinally distinct — this names active civic compliance, reinforcing ὑποτάσσω. Keep distinct from धार्मिक कर्तव्य-style compliance that reads as caste-dharma obligation earning standing.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: अधिकारी आणि सत्ताधीश
Transliteration: adhikārī āṇi sattādhīś
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: राज्यकर्ते (rejected as too narrowly monarchical for a contemporary readership)
Original: ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Authority and Submission
New Titus term (ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι, Titus 3:1), parallel to Romans 13. Handle with political-sensitivity awareness given Maharashtra’s post-colonial and post-caste-reform political consciousness; a general posture toward civil order, not endorsement of any particular regime. Route for native-speaker (not merely automated) review.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: आज्ञा न मानणारा / बंडखोर
Transliteration: āgnā na mānṇārā / baṇḍkhor
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Authority and Submission
New Titus term (ἀνυπότακτος, Titus 1:6,10), the direct antonym of ὑποτάσσω, used of disqualifying elder candidates and false teachers. Must be read as the negative pole of the same अधीन राहणे spectrum, not an unrelated vice.
Slave To Passions
Approved rendering: वासनांच्या दास्यत्वात असणे
Transliteration: vāsanāncyā dāsyatvāt asaṇe
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: δουλεύω (ἐπιθυμίαις)
Category: Sin
New Titus term (δουλεύω ἐπιθυμίαις, Titus 3:3), the pre-conversion condition of enslavement to passions, using the negative sense of the δοῦλος root. Must be clearly contrasted with देवाचा दास (positive, willing bond-service to God, Titus 1:1) so the two uses of the same root are never conflated.
Foolish
Approved rendering: मूर्ख
Transliteration: mūrkh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἀνόητος
Category: Sin
New Titus term (ἀνόητος, Titus 3:3). Paul includes himself (‘we too’) — a universal pre-conversion condition applying to all believers regardless of social background, never a birth-status judgment echoing the caste-Hindu birth-karma framework Ambedkarite communities explicitly and rightly rejected.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: अपात्र
Transliteration: apātra
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Grace
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (ἀδόκιμος, Titus 1:16), false teachers ‘unfit for any good work’ — the letter’s positive good-works standard used as a negative measuring rod, not a separate merit-based judgment.
Denying By Works
Approved rendering: कृतीने नाकारतात
Transliteration: kṛtīne nākāratāt
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Grace
Original: ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται, Titus 1:16), false teachers ‘deny God by their works’ — the negative counterpart to the letter’s positive good-works theme; cross-reference with चांगली कामे so learners see the same fruit-standard applied both positively and negatively.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: सुदृढ शिकवण
Transliteration: sudṛḍha śikvaṇ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: निरोगी शिकवण (rejected as an awkward bodily-health calque)
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Doctrine
New Titus term (διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα, Titus 1:9,13; 2:1; 2:8’s ‘sound speech’), KEY curriculum term. Must be distinguished from Warkari abhang devotional poetry (treasured wisdom, not claiming divine-word status) and the Buddhist Tripitaka/Ambedkar’s reinterpreted Dhamma writings (authoritative as teaching, not as revelation) — sound doctrine here is the fixed apostolic standard producing visible moral/spiritual health.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: मूर्ख वाद-विवाद
Transliteration: mūrkh vād-vivād
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: निरर्थक वाद (rejected as softer than the source’s evaluative bluntness)
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Doctrine
New Titus term (μωραὶ ζητήσεις, Titus 3:9), KEY curriculum term. Contrast explicitly with सुदृढ शिकवण in teaching material — sound doctrine builds up, these disputes are theologically trivial and relationally corrosive.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: फूट पाडणारा मनुष्य
Transliteration: phūṭ pāḍṇārā manuṣya
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: पाखंडी
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Doctrine
New Titus term (αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον, Titus 3:10). पाखंडी is hard-fenced off for this verse — it is the standard modern Marathi word for ‘heretic’ in the later doctrinal-deviance sense and risks anachronistic over-reading; Titus 3:10 targets one who persistently causes sectarian division, not necessarily formal doctrinal heresy.
Philanthropia
Approved rendering: मानवप्रेम
Transliteration: mānavaprem
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
New Titus term (φιλανθρωπία, Titus 3:4), God’s own love for humankind revealed historically alongside his kindness. Must not be conflated with humanitarian/social-uplift movements pursued as ends in themselves (a live and honored register in Maharashtra’s public discourse, e.g. Ambedkarite social-uplift language) — always anchor grammatically as God’s own attribute ‘revealed’ (प्रकट झाली) historically in Christ, never a free-floating ethical ideal.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Common Faith
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Titus 1:4 salutation. Relational peace with God through justification, not inner calm sought through bhakti or Buddhist mindfulness practice.
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Commission
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Titus 1:1. Delegated, sent authority, never a self-attained guru role.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: ओतणे
Transliteration: otaṇe
Doctrine: Regeneration and Renewal by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: दिले (rejected as too flat, losing the abundance nuance)
Original: ἐκχέω
Category: Regeneration
New Titus term (ἐκχέω, Titus 3:6), echoing Pentecost imagery — the Spirit’s abundant, deliberate outpouring ‘through Jesus Christ our Savior.’ Underscores that regeneration/renewal is generous grace, not a scarce or hard-won gift.
Hope Of Eternal Life
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक जीवनाची आशा
Transliteration: sārvakālik jīvanācī āśā
Doctrine: Justification and the Hope of Eternal Life
Original: ἐλπὶς ζωῆς αἰωνίου
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (Titus 1:2; 3:7). Confident, fixed Christian hope grounded in a specific promise made ‘before the ages began’ by ‘God, who never lies’ — distinguish from cyclical-rebirth hope or an indefinite worldly hope; rests on God’s unchanging character, not a karmic trajectory.
Heir
Approved rendering: वारस
Transliteration: vārasa
Doctrine: Justification and the Hope of Eternal Life
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New Titus term (κληρονόμος, Titus 3:7), the legal/relational consequence of the baseline’s दत्तक पुत्रत्व (adoption, Romans 8:17); ties justification to inheritance rights.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: हे वचन विश्वसनीय आहे
Transliteration: he vacan viśvasnīya āhe
Doctrine: Trustworthy Saying and Devotion to Good Works
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith
New Titus term (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, Titus 3:8), a Pastoral Epistle formula marking a settled, reliable doctrinal summary (also recurring in 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy). Built on the विश्वास root; must render as a full clause, not a single-word calque, and stay consistent across the Pastoral Epistles corpus.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: सत्याचे ज्ञान
Transliteration: satyāce jñān
Doctrine: Inspiration and Reliability of God’s Word
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
New Titus term (ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας, Titus 1:1). Full, precise cognitive apprehension of gospel truth accompanying saving faith — not vague religious sentiment or ritual participation alone.
Common Faith
Approved rendering: समान विश्वास
Transliteration: samān viśvāsa
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Common Faith
Original: κοινὴ πίστις
Category: Faith
New Titus term (κοινὴ πίστις, Titus 1:4). The single, shared faith held in common between Paul, Titus, and all believers — same content, not individually variable belief.
Elder
Approved rendering: वडील (मंडळीतील वडील)
Transliteration: vaḍīl (maṇḍaḷītīl vaḍīl)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: प्रेस्बिटर (transliteration, rejected)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New Titus term (πρεσβύτερος, Titus 1:5). वडील alone is the ordinary Marathi word for ‘father’/family senior or panchayat-style village elder; the qualifying phrase मंडळीतील वडील (‘elder of the congregation’) must be used consistently to disambiguate. Synonymous in Titus 1 with overseer (ἐπίσκοπος), not a separate, lower rank.
Overseer
Approved rendering: अध्यक्ष / पर्यवेक्षक
Transliteration: adhyakṣa / paryavekṣak
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: बिशप
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New Titus term (ἐπίσκοπος, Titus 1:7), the same office as πρεσβύτερος under a second name in Titus 1 (see elder entry). NEVER transliterate as बिशप, which imports a later institutional hierarchy Titus 1 does not describe; a translator note should clarify the two terms’ interchangeability here.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: एका पत्नीचा पती
Transliteration: ekā patnīcā patī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
New Titus term (μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ, Titus 1:6). Must convey marital faithfulness/fidelity as a character qualification, not merely a marital-status checkbox; pair with a brief explanatory gloss in teaching material.
Holy Devout
Approved rendering: भक्तिनिष्ठ
Transliteration: bhaktiniṣṭh
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Sanctification
New Titus term (ὅσιος, Titus 1:8), an elder qualification distinct from ἅγιος’s (पवित्र’s) set-apart consecration sense — this names devout, reverent character rather than positional holiness.
Master Household
Approved rendering: धनी
Transliteration: dhanī
Doctrine: Household Codes (Wives, Older/Younger, Slaves)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Household Ethics
New Titus term (δεσπότης, Titus 2:9), the household master slaves are instructed to submit to and please. Note the historical household-master context is distinct from caste-based labor hierarchy in the destination culture; avoid terms implying a caste-status relationship.
Slanderer Adj
Approved rendering: चहाडखोर / निंदक
Transliteration: cahāḍkhor / nindak
Doctrine: Household Codes (Wives, Older/Younger, Slaves)
Rejected alternatives: सैतान (rejected — names the proper title ‘the Devil’, not this vice)
Original: διάβολος (adjectival)
Category: Household Ethics
New Titus term (διάβολος, adjectival use, Titus 2:3), a vice among older women to avoid. Disambiguate strictly from सैतान, which names the person of Satan elsewhere in Scripture.
Sound Speech
Approved rendering: निर्दोष व सुदृढ भाषण
Transliteration: nirdoṣ va sudṛḍha bhāṣaṇ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine
Original: λόγον ὑγιῆ ἀκατάγνωστον
Category: Doctrine
New Titus term (λόγον ὑγιῆ ἀκατάγνωστον, Titus 2:8), part of the ὑγιαίν- (sound-doctrine) family, applied specifically to Titus’s own teaching example.
Quarrels About Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्राविषयीचे वाद
Transliteration: niyamśāstrāviṣayīce vād
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Doctrine
New Titus term (μάχαι νομικαί, Titus 3:9), built on baseline’s नियमशास्त्र root. Disputes specifically over Mosaic Law interpretation, to be avoided.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: वंशावळी
Transliteration: vaṃśāvaḷī
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Doctrine
New Titus term (γενεαλογία, Titus 3:9). Distinct from OT covenant-genealogy affirmations (e.g. baseline’s seed_of_david) — a warning against speculative, divisive genealogical disputation, not a devaluation of ancestry-related identity. Given the live sensitivity of lineage/caste-genealogy discourse in Maharashtra, a clarifying teaching note is required so this verse is not misapplied to devalue ancestry-related identity concerns.
Chrestotes
Approved rendering: उपकारीपणा / दयाळूपणा
Transliteration: upakārīpaṇā / dayāḷūpaṇā
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
New Titus term (χρηστότης, Titus 3:4), God’s kindness in action toward sinners, reversing the mutual hatred described in 3:3. Keep distinct from generic social politeness — names God’s own benevolent character revealed historically.
Disciplined
Approved rendering: आत्मसंयमी
Transliteration: ātmasaṃyamī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (ἐγκρατής, Titus 1:8), part of a three-term character cluster with δίκαιος (नीतिमान) and ὅσιος (भक्तिनिष्ठ).
Disobedient
Approved rendering: आज्ञा न मानणारे
Transliteration: āgnā na mānṇāre
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
New Titus term (ἀπειθής, Titus 3:3), contrasts with the obedience/submission now expected in the redeemed life.
Led Astray
Approved rendering: भरकटलेले
Transliteration: bharakaṭlele
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
New Titus term (πλανώμενοι, Titus 3:3), describes the helpless, deceived condition prior to grace — not a moral failing chosen freely but a state of bondage.
Fruitfulness
Approved rendering: निष्फळ / फळ
Transliteration: niṣphaḷ / phaḷ
Doctrine: Mutual Support and Practical Ministry
New Titus term (ἄκαρπος/καρπός, Titus 3:14), the fruitfulness metaphor closing the practical instructions — believers’ lives should be productive, not barren.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणे
Transliteration: uttejan deṇe
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement. Titus 1:9 (elders exhort in sound doctrine); 2:6,15 (Titus exhorts younger men, then is himself commanded to exhort/encourage/rebuke).
Blameless
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
New Titus term (ἀνέγκλητος, Titus 1:6-7). Baseline moral qualification for eldership; standard character-list vocabulary, low doctrinal risk.
Working At Home
Approved rendering: घर सांभाळणाऱ्या
Transliteration: ghar sāmbhāḷṇāṟyā
Doctrine: Household Codes (Wives, Older/Younger, Slaves)
Original: οἰκουργός
Category: Household Ethics
New Titus term (οἰκουργός, Titus 2:5), domestic diligence commended among younger women’s virtues. Convey the underlying principle of diligent household stewardship without imposing a rigid modern social-role reading.
Self Willed
Approved rendering: हट्टी
Transliteration: haṭṭī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (αὐθάδης, Titus 1:7), a disqualifying vice for elder candidates.
Quick Tempered
Approved rendering: रागीट
Transliteration: rāgīṭ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (ὀργίλος, Titus 1:7), a disqualifying vice for elder candidates.
Given To Wine
Approved rendering: मद्यपी
Transliteration: madyapī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (πάροινος, Titus 1:7), a disqualifying vice for elder candidates.
Violent
Approved rendering: मारझोड करणारा
Transliteration: māraḍhoḍ karṇārā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (πλήκτης, Titus 1:7), a disqualifying vice for elder candidates.
Greedy For Gain
Approved rendering: अनुचित फायद्याचा लोभी
Transliteration: anucit phāydyācā lobhī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (αἰσχροκερδής, Titus 1:7,11), a disqualifying vice for elder candidates and false teachers.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: आतिथ्यशील
Transliteration: ātithyaśīl
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (φιλόξενος, Titus 1:8), a positive elder qualification.
Lover Of Good
Approved rendering: चांगल्याची आवड असणारा
Transliteration: cāṅglyācī āvaḍ asaṇārā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (φιλάγαθος, Titus 1:8), a positive elder qualification.
Debauchery
Approved rendering: स्वैराचार
Transliteration: svairācār
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
New Titus term (ἀσωτία, Titus 1:6), a disqualifying vice in a candidate’s children.
Empty Talker
Approved rendering: वायफळ बडबड करणारा
Transliteration: vāyphaḷ baḍbaḍ karṇārā
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
New Titus term (ματαιολόγος, Titus 1:10), describing false teachers.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: फसवणारा
Transliteration: phasavṇārā
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
New Titus term (φρεναπάτης, Titus 1:10), describing false teachers.
Detestable
Approved rendering: घृणास्पद
Transliteration: ghṛṇāspad
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit of Grace
New Titus term (βδελυκτός, Titus 1:16), describing false teachers alongside disqualified/अपात्र.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: भांडखोर नसणे
Transliteration: bhāṇḍakhor nasaṇe
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
New Titus term (ἄμαχος, Titus 3:2), grace-trained believers’ posture toward civic opponents.
Gentle
Approved rendering: सौम्य
Transliteration: saumya
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
New Titus term (ἐπιεικής, Titus 3:2), a positive social virtue expected of grace-trained believers.
Meekness
Approved rendering: नम्रता
Transliteration: namratā
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
New Titus term (πραΰτης, Titus 3:2), paired with ἐπιεικής to describe comprehensive social gentleness ‘toward all people’ — universal in scope.
Malice And Envy
Approved rendering: दुष्टता आणि मत्सर
Transliteration: duṣṭatā āṇi matsar
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
New Titus term (κακία καὶ φθόνος, Titus 3:3), relational sins named in the pre-conversion vice list.
Hateful Hating One Another
Approved rendering: द्वेषास पात्र / एकमेकांचा द्वेष करणारे
Transliteration: dveṣās pātra / ekamekāncā dveṣ karṇāre
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
New Titus term (στυγητοί/μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους, Titus 3:3), the climax of the pre-grace condition, directly contrasted with the philanthropia/chrestotes of 3:4.
True Child
Approved rendering: खरा पुत्र
Transliteration: kharā putra
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Commission
New Titus term (γνήσιον τέκνον, Titus 1:4), Titus’s spiritual son-relationship to Paul, establishing the letter’s pastoral warmth and authority.
Titus Name
Approved rendering: तीत
Transliteration: Tīt
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Common Faith
Proper name, established Marathi Bible tradition form for Titus, the letter’s addressee. Book-name citation form: तीतास पत्र.
Artemas
Approved rendering: आर्तेमास
Transliteration: Ārtemās
Doctrine: Mutual Support and Practical Ministry
Proper name (Titus 3:12); verify against current BSI Marathi Bible edition and lock in translation memory.
Tychicus
Approved rendering: तुखिक
Transliteration: Tukhik
Doctrine: Mutual Support and Practical Ministry
Proper name (Titus 3:12); verify against current BSI Marathi Bible edition and lock in translation memory.
Zenas
Approved rendering: जेनास
Transliteration: Jenās
Doctrine: Mutual Support and Practical Ministry
Proper name (Titus 3:13); verify against current BSI Marathi Bible edition and lock in translation memory.
Apollos
Approved rendering: अपुल्लो
Transliteration: Apullo
Doctrine: Mutual Support and Practical Ministry
Proper name (Titus 3:13); verify against current BSI Marathi Bible edition and lock in translation memory.
Nicopolis
Approved rendering: निकपुली
Transliteration: Nikapulī
Doctrine: Mutual Support and Practical Ministry
Proper place name (Titus 3:12); verify against current BSI Marathi Bible edition and lock in translation memory.
Referenced passages