Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation
English → Marathi | Full-Book Term Registry (Ch. 1–22)
Purpose: This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md across the whole book of Revelation. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and must never be re-derived or altered. New terms required for Revelation are marked [NEW — REVELATION] and are proposed here for entry into an updated translation_memory.json in a later step. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
A. Baseline Terms Reused in Revelation (no change; cited for cross-reference)
| Term (EN) | Marathi | Risk | Revelation Chapters Where It Recurs | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | शुभवर्तमान | High | 14 | ”the eternal gospel” (14:6) — reuse exactly, add सार्वकालिक qualifier |
| grace | कृपा | Critical | 1, 22 | Opening and closing benedictions |
| faith / believe | विश्वास (root) | High | 2, 13, 14, 17, 21 | Underlies अविश्वासू (unbelieving, 21:8), विश्वासू (faithful, 19:11, 21:5) |
| righteousness | नीतिमत्त्व | Critical | 19 | ”the righteous acts of the saints” (19:8) — teach as fruit, not ground, of salvation |
| justification | नीतिमान ठरवणे | Critical | (conceptual bridge to 20:12-13) | Must be taught alongside “judged according to works” (20:12-13) |
| salvation | तारण | Critical | throughout (conceptual) | Underlies all deliverance/redemption language |
| apostle | प्रेषित | Medium | 18, 21 | ”the twelve apostles” on the foundations (21:14) |
| called / calling | बोलावलेले / पाचारण | High | (conceptual) | Underlies the overcomer’s inheritance as sonship (21:7) |
| holy | पवित्र | High | 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 20, 21, 22 | ”Holy, holy, holy” (4:8); “the holy city” (21:2, 22:19) |
| saints | पवित्र जन | High | 5, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 | Never संत; corporate, not an ascetic elite |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | (conceptual) | Underlies believers’ ongoing purity before the consummation |
| adoption | दत्तक पुत्रत्व | High | 21 | 21:7 “he will be my son” — direct link |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 20 | ”the first resurrection” (20:5-6) |
| lord | प्रभू | Critical | throughout | ”King of kings and Lord of lords” (19:16); “Lord Jesus” (22:20-21) |
| son_of_god | देवाचा पुत्र | Critical | 21 | ”he will be my son” (21:7) |
| incarnation | देहधारण | Critical | (conceptual) | Underlies Christ’s genuine humanity as the slain Lamb |
| peace | शांती | Medium | (conceptual) | Distinct from शांतता (“silence,” 8:1) |
| spiritual_gifts | आत्मिक कृपादान | Medium | (conceptual) | Not directly thematized in Revelation but consistent terminology maintained |
| thanksgiving | उपकारस्तुती | Low | 4, 7, 11 | Elders’ worship-thanksgiving |
| fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | (conceptual) | Corporate worship scenes |
| church | मंडळी | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 22 | ”the angel of the church in…” (2-3); reused throughout letters |
| kingdom_of_god | देवाचे राज्य | Medium | 1, 11, 12 | ”the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord” (11:15) |
| law | नियमशास्त्र | High | (not directly thematized) | No direct occurrence but term reserved consistently |
| sin | पाप | High | (conceptual) | Underlies list of excluded sins (21:8, 22:15) |
| gentiles | अन्यजातीय | Medium | 5, 7, 11, 21, 22 | ”every tribe, tongue, people, nation” formula |
| glory | गौरव | High | 1, 4, 5, 7, 11, 15, 18, 19, 21 | ”the glory of God illumined it” (21:23-24) |
| power_of_god | देवाचे सामर्थ्य | High | 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 19 | Never शक्ती; “power and might” doxologies |
| messiah | मसीहा | Critical | (conceptual: “his Christ,” 11:15; 12:10) | ख्रिस्त used as proper name in Revelation; मसीहा retained for title-sense contexts |
| prophet | संदेष्टा | Low | 1, 10, 11, 16, 18, 19, 22 | ”the false prophet” (खोटा संदेष्टा) — antithetical use |
| prophecy | भविष्यवाणी | Low | 1, 10, 11, 19, 22 | ”the words of this prophecy” (1:3, 22:7,10,18,19) |
| covenant | करार | High | 11 | ”the ark of the covenant” (11:19) |
| election | देवाची निवड | High | (conceptual) | Underlies “called, chosen, and faithful” (17:14) |
| intercession | मध्यस्थी | Medium | 8 | ”the prayers of the saints” imagery |
| providence | देवाचे विधान | High | throughout (conceptual) | Underlies the whole book’s sovereignty-over-history theme |
| mission | मिशन / सुवार्ता प्रसार | Medium | 14 | ”the eternal gospel to proclaim to every nation” (14:6) |
| david | दावीद | Medium | 3, 5, 22 | ”key of David” (3:7); “Root of David” (5:5, 22:16) |
| israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 7, 21 | ”the twelve tribes of Israel” (7:4-8; 21:12) |
| jesus | येशू | Critical | throughout | ”Lord Jesus” (22:20-21); consistent proper name |
| god | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout | Consistent throughout; never देव alone in doctrinal contexts |
| holy_spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1, 2-3, 22 | ”what the Spirit says to the churches”; “the Spirit and the Bride say, Come” (22:17) |
| father | पिता | Critical | 1, 14 | ”his God and Father” (1:6) |
| exhort | उत्तेजन देणे | Low | (conceptual) | Underlies the letters’ pastoral appeals |
| seed_of_david | दावीदाच्या वंशातून | High | 22 | Ties to “Root and Offspring of David” (22:16) |
| imputed_righteousness | आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व | Critical | 7, 19 | Underlies “washed robes” (7:14) and “righteous acts” (19:8) doctrine bridge |
B. New Terms Required for Revelation (proposed additions to translation memory)
| Term (EN) | Marathi | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| revelation / apocalypse | प्रकटीकरण | prakaṭīkaraṇ | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 1 | दर्शन | दर्शन rejected: names a Warkari/bhakti devotee’s privileged visual encounter with a deity’s image, not a one-time prophetic unveiling of end-time realities |
| almighty | सर्वसमर्थ | sarvasamartha | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 4, 15, 16, 19, 21 | सर्वशक्तिमान | Rejected for शक्ती root, associated with Maharashtra’s Shakti/mother-goddess tradition; consistent with baseline’s rejection of शक्ती for power_of_god |
| son of man | मनुष्याचा पुत्र | manuṣyācā putra | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 1, 14 | — | Must be distinguished from देवाचा पुत्र (Son of God); carries Danielic heavenly-authority overtones, not mere humanity |
| lamb | कोकरा / कोकरू | kokarā / kokarū | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22 | बकरा (goat, wrong referent) | Must hold together sacrificial death and enthroned triumph; worship of the Lamb = worship of God himself |
| worship (proskyneō) | आराधना | ārādhanā | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22 | पूजा, भजन | पूजा rejected: names Hindu ritual image-worship (mūrti pūjā); भजन rejected: names Warkari/bhakti devotional singing directed to a personal chosen deity (Vitthal); आराधना reserved exclusively for worship of God/the Lamb, sharply contrasted with idolatrous worship of the beast/image |
| worship (latreuō, priestly service) | उपासना / सेवा | upāsanā / sevā | High | Worship of the Lamb | 22 | — | Distinct nuance from आराधना (adoring worship); active priestly service |
| throne | सिंहासन | siṃhāsana | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 | — | Central recurring sovereignty-symbol; consistent rendering required throughout |
| twenty-four elders | (चोवीस) वडील | (covīs) vaḍīl | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4, 5, 11, 19 | — | Distinguish from local-church elder office |
| four living creatures | (चार) जिवंत प्राणी | (cār) jivant prāṇī | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 19 | — | Majestic cherubic order, not mundane animals |
| worthy | योग्य | yogya | High | Worship of the Lamb | 4, 5 | — | Reserved for God/the Lamb; contrast beast’s blasphemous claim |
| dragon / Satan | सर्प (प्राचीन सर्प) / सैतान | sarpa (prācīn sarpa) / saitān | Critical | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 12, 20 | नाग (without qualification) | Must always be explicitly identified as सैतान (Satan/Devil), an evil defeated enemy — never left as unqualified सर्प, given the live veneration of serpent-deities (नाग) in Maharashtra folk-Hindu practice (Nag Panchami) |
| beast (thērion) | पशू / श्वापद | paśū / śvāpad | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked / Assurance of Final Victory | 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 | — | Symbolic apocalyptic antagonist with derivative, permitted, doomed power — never an independent power rivaling God |
| false prophet | खोटा संदेष्टा | khoṭā sandeṣṭā | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 16, 19, 20 | — | Reuse established संदेष्टा; deliberate counterfeit contrast with genuine prophecy |
| mark of the beast | पशूचे चिन्ह | paśūce cinha | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 14, 16, 19, 20 | टिळा-language (avoid unexplained) | Antithesis of God’s seal (ch.7); must not be confused with traditional Hindu forehead-marking practice |
| seal (sphragizō/sphragis) | शिक्का / मुद्रा | śikkā / mudrā | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 22 | — | God’s protective ownership-mark on believers’ foreheads, distinct from ritual tilaka and from the beast’s mark |
| great tribulation | मोठे संकट | moṭhe saṅkaṭ | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 2, 7 | — | Specific climactic persecution period, not general hardship |
| witness / testimony (martyria) | साक्ष | sākṣa | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | 1, 6, 11, 12, 17, 19, 20 | — | Root of the “martyr” concept; faithful testimony even unto death |
| overcome / conqueror (nikaō) | जिंकणारा / विजय मिळवणारा | jinkaṇārā / vijay milvaṇārā | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness / Assurance of Final Victory | 2, 3, 12, 15, 17, 21 | — | Victory through the Lamb’s blood and believers’ testimony (12:11), never self-attained spiritual achievement |
| second death | दुसरे मरण | dusare maraṇ | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 2, 20, 21 | — | Final, terminal event after the one bodily resurrection; not a further rebirth or cyclical turn |
| lake of fire | अग्नीचे सरोवर (अग्नी व गंधकाने जळणारे सरोवर) | agnīce sarovar | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 19, 20, 21 | नरक | नरक (naraka) rejected: names a temporary, cyclical purgatorial hell-realm within Hindu/Buddhist cosmology; the lake of fire is final, eternal, conscious judgment following the one resurrection |
| book of life | जीवनाचे पुस्तक | jīvanāce pustak | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 3, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22 | — | Consistent rendering required at every occurrence |
| new heaven and new earth | नवे आकाश आणि नवी पृथ्वी | nave ākāś āṇi navī pṛthvī | Critical | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — | Single, final, once-for-all re-creation; not cyclical cosmic renewal (yuga cycles) |
| new jerusalem | नवे यरुशलेम | nave yaruśalem | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — | Requires OT background (city of David, temple) for full weight |
| bride | वधू | vadhū | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19, 21, 22 | — | Corporate covenantal image for the whole redeemed Church; must not be assimilated to individual Vaishnav/Krishna bridal-mysticism devotion |
| marriage of the Lamb | कोकऱ्याचे लग्न | kokaryāce lagna | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ | 19 | — | Consummation of covenant union; corporate, not individual romantic-devotional merger |
| tabernacle (skēnē) | मंडप (निवासमंडप) | maṇḍap (nivāsmaṇḍap) | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 15, 21 | मंदिर | मंदिर rejected per baseline’s church entry (Hindu temple association); requires OT tabernacle background |
| Alpha and Omega | अल्फा आणि ओमेगा | Alfā āṇi Omegā | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History / Deity of Christ | 1, 21, 22 | — | Transliterated; always paired with explanatory gloss आरंभ आणि शेवट (beginning and end); applies identically to Father and Son |
| water of life | जीवनाचे पाणी / जीवनाच्या पाण्याचा झरा / नदी | jīvanāce pāṇī | High | The New Heaven and New Earth / Assurance of Final Victory | 21, 22 | तीर्थ-language (avoid unexplained) | Must not be conflated with ritually purifying sacred-river/tīrtha water in Hindu pilgrimage practice; God’s own free gift, not obtained by rite |
| freely / as a gift (dōrean) | विनामूल्य / फुकट | vināmūlya / phukaṭ | Critical | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil / Grace | 21 | — | Reinforces established कृपा doctrine; precludes merit-based or self-cultivated reading |
| wrath of God/the Lamb | देवाचा क्रोध / कोकऱ्याचा क्रोध | devācā krodh / kokaryācā krodh | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 6, 14, 15, 16, 19 | — | Righteous personal judgment, not impersonal karmic retribution; paradox of Lamb’s gentleness and wrathful judgment preserved |
| abyss / bottomless pit | अगाध डोह | agādh ḍoh | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9, 11, 17, 20 | पाताळ (unqualified) | पाताळ risks conflation with Puranic netherworld cosmology; if used, must be qualified as a divinely controlled prison, not an autonomous cosmic realm |
| Hades | अधोलोक | adholok | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 1, 6, 20 | यमलोक, पाताळ | Temporary holding-place of the dead under total divine sovereignty, itself finally judged (20:14); not a co-eternal or autonomous cosmic realm |
| sorcery / sorcerers (pharmakeia/pharmakos) | जादूटोणा / चेटूक करणारे | jādūṭoṇā / ceṭūk karṇāre | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 9, 18, 21, 22 | — | Serious category of idolatrous rebellion; avoid stigmatizing traditional folk healers as a class |
| idolaters | मूर्तिपूजक | mūrtipūjak | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked / Worship of the Lamb | 21, 22 | — | Extremely sensitive: names, in ordinary usage, majority Hindu devotional image-worship practice; teach as a theological category (misdirected worship of any created thing), explicitly not an ethnic/communal condemnation |
| the great prostitute / Babylon | मोठी वेश्या / बाबेल (महान) | moṭhī veśyā / Bābel (mahān) | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 14, 17, 18 | — | Symbolic figure for an idolatrous system, contrasted with the Bride; guard against misuse to stigmatize actual persons |
| millennium (a thousand years) | सहस्र वर्षे | sahasra varṣe | Medium-High | The Return and Reign of Christ | 20 | — | Specific, bounded historical period; not a repeating cosmic cycle |
| first resurrection | पहिले पुनरुत्थान | pahile punarutthān | Critical | The Return and Reign of Christ / Judgment | 20 | — | Reuse established पुनरुत्थान; one of exactly two bodily resurrections, not a first of many rebirths |
| judged according to works | कृत्यांप्रमाणे न्याय | kṛtyāṃpramāṇe nyāy | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 20 | — | Must be taught alongside justification-by-faith doctrine; works are evidence, not the ground, of salvation; avoid karma-ledger framing |
| great white throne | मोठे पांढरे सिंहासन | moṭhe pāṇḍhare siṃhāsan | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 20 | — | Reuse established सिंहासन |
| word of God (Logos, Christological title) | देवाचे वचन | devāce vacan | High | The Return and Reign of Christ / Deity of Christ | 19 | शब्दब्रह्म-adjacent phrasing (avoid) | Strictly personal Christological title; must not be read as an impersonal cosmic sound-principle (cf. शब्दब्रह्म/नादब्रह्म traditions) |
| king of kings and lord of lords | राजांचा राजा आणि प्रभूंचा प्रभू | rājāṃcā rājā āṇi prabhūṃcā prabhū | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ / Lordship of Christ | 19 | — | Reuse established प्रभू; absolute, singular supremacy, not “a lord among lords” |
| woman clothed with the sun | सूर्याचे वस्त्र परिधान केलेली स्त्री | sūryāce vastra paridhān kelelī strī | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 12 | — | Symbolic representation of God’s covenant people; guard against assimilation to Devi/goddess iconography |
| repentance (metanoia) | पश्चात्ताप | paścāttāp | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2, 3, 9, 16 | प्रायश्चित्त | प्रायश्चित्त rejected: names ritual expiation removing sin’s karmic effect through a rite; पश्चात्ताप is relational turning to God |
| mystery of God | देवाचे रहस्य | devāce rahasya | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 10, 17 | गूढविद्या-adjacent phrasing (avoid) | God’s own disclosed redemptive plan, not esoteric/occult secret-initiation knowledge |
| number of the beast (666) | त्याचा आकडा ६६६ | tyācā ākaḍā 666 | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13 | — | One-time specific symbolic identifier, not an invitation to general numerological practice (अंकशास्त्र) |
| morning star | पहाटेचा तारा | pahāṭecā tārā | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 2, 22 | — | Messianic royal title (Num 24:17), not an astrological reference to Venus |
| key of David | दावीदाची किल्ली | Dāvīdācī killī | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 3 | — | Reuse established दावीद; requires Isaiah 22:22 background |
| separation call (“come out of her”) | तिच्यातून बाहेर या | ticyātūn bāher yā | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 18 | — | Call to distinct allegiance/non-participation in idolatry, not literal withdrawal or asceticism |
| glory of God as the city’s light | देवाच्या गौरवाने प्रकाशित | devācyā gauravāne prakāśit | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | 21 | — | Reuse established गौरव; personal relational glory, not abstract cosmic light/bodhi-adjacent imagery |
| seeing God’s face | त्याचे मुख पाहणे | tyāce mukh pāhaṇe | Medium | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 22 | — | Fulfillment of the longing evoked by दर्शन (darśan) tradition — true, final, personal vision of the one God |
| Hallelujah | हालेलूया | Hālelūyā | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 19 | — | [BASELINE transliteration standard — reuse exactly] |
| Amen | आमेन | Āmen | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 1, 5, 7, 19, 22 | — | [BASELINE transliteration standard — reuse exactly] |
| Armageddon | हर्मगिदोन | Harmagidon | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 16 | — | Transliterated proper noun; symbolic-climactic, not necessarily one literal battlefield |
| Gog and Magog | गोग आणि मागोग | Gog āṇi Māgog | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 20 | — | Transliterated proper names from Ezekiel |
| Apollyon / Abaddon | अपल्लीयोन / अबद्दोन | Apallīyon / Abaddon | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 9 | — | Transliterated proper names; subordinate to God’s sovereignty |
| angel (angelos) | देवदूत | devadūt | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 | देवता | देवता rejected: implies a minor deity in the Hindu pantheon sense; देवदूत = a created, non-worshiped servant-messenger |
| priests (hiereis) | याजक | yājak | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 1, 5, 20 | पुरोहित, ब्राह्मण | Caste-linked hereditary priesthood terms rejected; corporate, non-hereditary believer-priesthood |
| blasphemy (blasphēmeō) | निंदा | nindā | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 13, 16, 17 | — | Handle with awareness of contemporary legal/political sensitivity around blasphemy in India; avoid contemporary political parallels in teaching |
| incense / prayers of the saints | धूप / पवित्र जनांच्या प्रार्थना | dhūp / pavitra janāṃcyā prārthanā | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 5, 8 | — | Reuse established पवित्र जन; symbolic of prayer’s acceptability, not ritual incense-offering to an image |
| curse (katathema) | शाप | śāp | Low-Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 22 | — | Complete removal of the Genesis 3 curse |
| tree of life | जीवनाचे झाड | jīvanāce jhāḍ | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | 2, 22 | — | Edenic restoration motif |
| crown of life | जीवनाचा मुकुट | jīvanācā mukuṭ | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2 | — | Reward for faithfulness under trial |
| hidden manna | लपलेला मान्ना | lapalelā mānnā | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 2 | — | Requires Exodus background |
| white robes | पांढरे वस्त्र | pāṇḍhare vastra | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 3, 6, 7, 19 | — | Symbol of granted purity/vindication |
| washed in the blood of the Lamb | कोकऱ्याच्या रक्तात धुतलेले | kokaryācyā raktāt dhutlele | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 7, 22 | — | Paradox of blood making white; parallels imputed_righteousness |
| shepherd (poimainō, of the Lamb) | मेंढपाळ | meṇḍhapāḷ | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 7 | — | Deliberate Lamb-as-Shepherd role reversal |
| trumpet (salpinx) | कर्णा / तुतारी | karṇā / tutārī | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 | — | Instruments of successive divine judgments |
| bowls of wrath (phialai) | क्रोधाचे कटोरे | krodhāce kaṭore | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 15, 16, 21 | — | Final, complete outpouring of judgment |
| sickle / harvest | विळा / कापणी | viḷā / kāpaṇī | Low-Medium | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | 14 | — | Final separation imagery |
| everlasting gospel | सार्वकालिक शुभवर्तमान | sārvakālik śubhavartamān | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | 14 | — | Reuse established शुभवर्तमान + qualifier |
| rainbow | इंद्रधनुष्य | indradhanuṣya | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 4, 10 | — | Etymologically “Indra’s bow”; retained as the only natural lexical item, no live devotional force in contemporary usage — translator awareness note only, no substitution needed |
| sea of glass | काचेसारखा समुद्र | kāceसārkhā samudra | Low | Worship of the Lamb | 4, 15 | — | Symbol of purity/order before the throne |
| living One who was dead (Christ’s self-title) | जो जिवंत होता, मेला, आणि आता जिवंत आहे | jo jivant hotā, melā, āṇi ātā jivant āhe | Critical | Resurrection / Return and Reign of Christ | 1 | — | Reuse established पुनरुत्थान concept; bodily, historical death-and-resurrection, not cyclical |
C. Chapters Reviewed with No New Theological Vocabulary
| Chapter | Status |
|---|---|
| 18 (beyond “Come out of her, my people”) | Reviewed — reuses established बाबेल, वेश्या, क्रोध, न्याय vocabulary from ch. 14, 17; no further new theological terms |
(All other chapters, 1–17 and 19–22, contribute at least one new load-bearing term as catalogued above; none were silently omitted.)
D. Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new Revelation terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 | Human theologian review required for every occurrence |
| High | 27 | Human theologian review required |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low / Low-Medium | 6 | Automated review sufficient |
Total new terms proposed for translation_memory.json update: 72 (in addition to full reuse of all applicable baseline Romans terms cited in Section A).
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Revelation begins, per the enforcement rules of 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames Revelation’s opening (1:4) and closing (22:21) benedictions and the ‘freely, as a gift’ water-of-life invitation (21:6; 22:17). Retain the same unearned, Christ-specific sense against both Warkari bhakti-grace familiarity and Buddhist self-cultivation ethics.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: nītimattva
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 19:8’s ‘righteous acts of the saints’ must be taught as fruit/evidence of a righteousness already granted, never the ground of acceptance. Never धर्म.
Justification
Approved rendering: नीतिमान ठरवणे
Transliteration: nītimān ṭharavaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: माफी मिळणे, पुण्य कमावणे
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the doctrinal bridge for Revelation 20:12-13’s judgment ‘according to works,’ clarifying that works there are evidence of a prior justification by faith, not a separate merit-based verdict.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the great multitude’s cry ‘Salvation belongs to our God’ (7:10; 12:10; 19:1). NEVER मोक्ष, मुक्ती, or निर्वाण.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘the first resurrection’ (20:5-6) and the general resurrection for judgment (20:12-13). NEVER पुनर्जन्म or पुनर्भव.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Climaxes in ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (19:16) and ‘Come, Lord Jesus’ (22:20).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचा पुत्र
Transliteration: devācā putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुरुष, अवतारी पुरुष
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Rev 21:7’s ‘he will be my son’ (of the overcomer) is a distinct believer-sonship sense and must be kept apart from this term, which is reserved for Christ’s unique eternal Sonship.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadhāraṇ
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार, बोधिसत्त्वाचा पुनर्जन्म
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the genuine historical humanity of the slain-yet-living Lamb (5:6). Never अवतार; never Bodhisattva rebirth imagery.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीहा
Transliteration: Masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ख्रिस्त is used as Christ’s proper name throughout Revelation; मसीहा is retained for explicit messianic-title-sense emphasis (e.g., ‘his Christ,’ 11:15; 12:10).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Consistent throughout, climaxing in the book’s final prayer, ‘Come, Lord Jesus’ (22:20).
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never देव or भगवान alone in doctrinal contexts throughout Revelation’s throne-room and judgment scenes.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ‘What the Spirit says to the churches’ (chs. 2-3); ‘the Spirit and the Bride say, Come’ (22:17). Never परमात्मा or ब्रह्म.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ‘His God and Father’ (1:6); ‘my Father’s throne’ (3:21).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: āropit nītimattva
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: स्वकष्टार्जित नीतिमत्त्व
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (conceptual root underlying Rev 7:14, 19:8)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘washed their robes in the blood of the Lamb’ (7:14) and the bride’s granted ‘righteous acts’ (19:8), both received rather than self-achieved.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: पहिले पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: pahile punarutthān
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ / Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW for Revelation 20:5-6. Reuse established पुनरुत्थान exactly. One of exactly two bodily resurrections in a linear, final structure — never a first of many rebirths.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजांचा राजा आणि प्रभूंचा प्रभू
Transliteration: rājāṃcā rājā āṇi prabhūṃcā prabhū
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 19:16. Reuse established प्रभू exactly. Must convey absolute, singular supremacy, never ‘a king among kings’ or ‘a lord among many lords.‘
Living One Who Was Dead
Approved rendering: जो जिवंत होता, मेला, आणि आता सर्वकाळ जिवंत आहे
Transliteration: jo jivant hotā, melā, āṇi ātā sarvakāḷ jivant āhe
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ ζῶν, καὶ ἐγενόμην νεκρὸς καὶ ἰδοὺ ζῶν εἰμι
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 1:17-18. Bodily, historical, once-for-all death-and-resurrection; ‘forevermore’ rules out any further death or rebirth cycle.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: अल्फा आणि ओमेगा
Transliteration: Alfā āṇi Omegā
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ / Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
NEW for Revelation 1:8; 21:6; 22:13. Transliterated; must always be paired with the gloss आरंभ आणि शेवट. Identical application to Father and Son safeguards Christ’s full deity.
One Who Is Was Coming
Approved rendering: जो आहे, जो होता, आणि जो येणार आहे
Transliteration: jo āhe, jo hotā, āṇi jo yeṇār āhe
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God
NEW fixed compound for 1:4, 1:8, 4:8. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence.
Overcame By Blood And Testimony
Approved rendering: रक्ताने आणि साक्षीच्या वचनाने त्यांनी त्याला जिंकले
Transliteration: raktāne āṇi sākṣīcyā vacanāne tyānnī tyālā jiṅkale
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 12:11. This is the doctrinal control text for every other use of overcomer-language in the book; must be taught alongside every other occurrence to preclude self-attained-victory readings.
Lamb
Approved rendering: कोकरा / कोकरू
Transliteration: kokarā / kokarū
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: बकरा
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
NEW; Revelation’s dominant Christological title (used 28 times). Must hold together slain sacrificial death (5:6) and enthroned worshiped triumph (5:13; 7:17; 22:1,3) as a single, simultaneous paradox.
Purchased Redeemed
Approved rendering: विकत घेतले / खंडणी देऊन सोडवले
Transliteration: vikat ghetle / khaṇḍaṇī deūn soḍvale
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἠγόρασας
Category: Salvation
NEW for Revelation 5:9. Must preserve the costly, blood-bought nature of salvation, consistent with तारण as deliverance given by God, not self-attained.
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: आराधना
Transliteration: ārādhanā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Idolatry and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: पूजा, भजन
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW; reserved exclusively for worship directed to God/the Lamb, sharply contrasted with idolatrous worship of the beast (13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11). पूजा rejected (Hindu ritual image-worship); भजन rejected (Warkari/bhakti devotional singing to Vitthal).
Beast From Sea Abyss
Approved rendering: पशू / श्वापद
Transliteration: paśū / śvāpad
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW; a symbolic apocalyptic figure of derivative, permitted, doomed power (11:7; 13:1-18; 14:9-11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10) — never an independent power rivaling God.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: पशूचे चिन्ह
Transliteration: paśūce cinha
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints / Idolatry and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: टिळा-language (avoid unexplained)
Original: χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4. The deliberate demonic counterfeit and antithesis of God’s seal (ch. 7); must not be confused with traditional Hindu forehead-marking (तिलक).
Dragon Satan
Approved rendering: सर्प (प्राचीन सर्प) / सैतान
Transliteration: sarpa (prācīn sarpa) / saitān
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil / Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Rejected alternatives: नाग (without qualification)
Original: δράκων / ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος…ὁ διάβολος καὶ ὁ Σατανᾶς
Category: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
NEW for Revelation 12:9; 20:2. Every occurrence must pair सर्प with सैतान explicitly, given the live veneration of नाग serpent-deities (Nag Panchami) in Maharashtra folk-Hindu practice.
Kingdom Of World Become Kingdom Of Lord
Approved rendering: आमच्या प्रभूचे व त्याच्या ख्रिस्ताचे राज्य झाले आहे
Transliteration: āmcyā prabhūce va tyācyā khristāce rājya jhāle āhe
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ / Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου ἐγένετο τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW for Revelation 11:15. Reuse established देवाचे राज्य and प्रभू exactly; a thesis-level statement that must be rendered with full confidence, never softened.
Washed In Blood Of Lamb
Approved rendering: कोकऱ्याच्या रक्तात वस्त्रे धुतली
Transliteration: kokaryācyā raktāt vastre dhutlī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints / Justification by Faith
Original: πλύναντες τὰς στολὰς…ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 7:14; cf. 22:14. Must preserve the paradox that blood makes white, not stained; parallels imputed_righteousness.
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: कोकऱ्याचे लग्न
Transliteration: kokaryāce lagna
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: The Church as Bride of Christ
NEW for Revelation 19:7,9. Reuse established कोकरा; must be taught with वधू as a corporate covenant-consummation image, guarding against Vaishnav/Krishna bridal-mysticism assimilation.
Bride
Approved rendering: वधू
Transliteration: vadhū
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: The Church as Bride of Christ
NEW for Revelation 19:7-8; 21:2,9; 22:17. A corporate, covenantal image for the whole redeemed people; not an individual devotee’s private romantic-devotional merger with a chosen deity (gopī-bride imagery risk).
His Wife
Approved rendering: त्याची वधू
Transliteration: tyācī vadhū
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ
Category: The Church as Bride of Christ
NEW for Revelation 19:7. ‘Granted’ (ἐδόθη) fine linen (19:8) must be preserved to show the bride’s readiness is itself given by grace, not self-achieved.
Second Death
Approved rendering: दुसरे मरण
Transliteration: dusare maraṇ
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8. A single, final, terminal event following the one bodily resurrection; no structural equivalent in Warkari-Hindu or Navayana Buddhist eschatology.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: अग्नी व गंधकाने जळणारे सरोवर / अग्नीचे सरोवर
Transliteration: agnī va gandhakāne jaḷṇāre sarovar / agnīce sarovar
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: नरक
Original: λίμνη καιομένη πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ / ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8. NEVER नरक (a temporary, cyclical purgatorial hell-realm in Hindu/Buddhist cosmology). Final, unending, conscious judgment following the one resurrection.
Idolaters
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजक
Transliteration: mūrtipūjak
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: εἰδωλολάτραι
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 21:8; 22:15. Among the most sensitive terms in the curriculum: names, in ordinary usage, majority Hindu devotional image-worship, including at Vitthal’s Pandharpur shrine. Must be taught as a theological category, explicitly not an ethnic/communal condemnation.
Worship Of Beast
Approved rendering: पशूची आराधना करणे
Transliteration: paśūcī ārādhanā karṇe
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: προσκυνέω τῷ θηρίῳ
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11. Reuse established आराधना for the act; sharply contrasted with legitimate worship of God/the Lamb throughout the book.
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: नवे आकाश आणि नवी पृथ्वी
Transliteration: nave ākāś āṇi navī pṛthvī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:1 (core passage). Single, final, once-for-all re-creation; not cyclical world-renewal (Hindu yuga cycles/pralaya).
Behold I Make All Things New
Approved rendering: पाहा, मी सर्व काही नवे करतो
Transliteration: pāhā, mī sarva kāhī nave karato
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:5. The single most quotable verse of this doctrine; must be rendered identically wherever cited across all curriculum materials.
Freely As A Gift
Approved rendering: विनामूल्य / फुकट
Transliteration: vināmūlya / phukaṭ
Doctrine: Grace / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: δωρεάν
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:6; 22:17. The linguistic marker of the grace doctrine; must preclude any reading of merit, ritual payment, or self-cultivated attainment.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: आमेन. ये, प्रभू येशू
Transliteration: Āmen. Ye, Prabhū Yeśū
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἀμήν, ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW for Revelation 22:20. Reuse established आमेन, प्रभू, and येशू exactly; must be rendered identically wherever quoted across curriculum materials.
Final Benediction Grace
Approved rendering: प्रभू येशूची कृपा सर्वांबरोबर असो
Transliteration: Prabhū Yeśūcī kṛpā sarvāṃbarobar aso
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μετὰ πάντων
Category: Salvation
NEW for Revelation 22:21. Reuse established कृपा, प्रभू, येशू exactly; should echo the grace-benedictions of Romans for full-curriculum consistency.
Deity Of Christ Worship Scenes
Approved rendering: देवाचा पुत्र
Transliteration: devācā putra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Cross-reference entry: reuses established देवाचा पुत्र exactly for Revelation’s worship-of-the-Lamb doxologies (5:12-13; 21:22-23), affirming Christ’s co-equal, undiminished divine nature within these throne-room scenes.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बातमी, खबर
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation 14:6 appears as ‘the eternal gospel’ — pair with सार्वकालिक qualifier (see everlasting_gospel entry) but never alter the base term itself.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Root also underlies अविश्वासू (unbelieving, 21:8) and विश्वासू (faithful/true, 19:11, 21:5); every derivative must retain the same root for curriculum-wide consistency.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 21:7’s declaration of sonship over the overcomer and 17:14’s ‘called, chosen, and faithful.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: पाचारण
Transliteration: pācāraṇ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आवाहन
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies effectual-calling passages such as 17:14.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the Trisagion ‘Holy, holy, holy’ (4:8) and ‘the holy city’ (21:2, 22:19).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: संत, मुनी
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout Revelation’s persecution and worship scenes (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9). Never संत.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies 22:11 (‘let the holy still be holy’) and 22:14.
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्रत्व
Transliteration: dattak putratva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: दत्तक घेणे
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Directly fulfilled in 21:7, ‘he will be my son.‘
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, धम्म
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly thematized by name in Revelation, but the term is reserved consistently should curriculum cross-reference require it.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the vice-lists of excluded persons (21:8; 22:15) and the call to repentance (chs. 2-3, 9, 16).
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Climaxes at 21:23-24, ‘the glory of God gives it light’ — must remain personal, relational glory, not abstract cosmic light or bodhi-adjacent imagery.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs in doxologies throughout (4:11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 11:17; 12:10; 19:1). Never शक्ती.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karār
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: वचन
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Appears as ‘the ark of the covenant’ seen in the heavenly temple (11:19).
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ (17:14) and book-of-life inclusion ‘from the foundation of the world’ (13:8; 17:8). Never phrased to echo karma-birth explanations of social standing.
Providence
Approved rendering: देवाचे विधान
Transliteration: devāce vidhān
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, कर्माचा नियम
Original: πρόνοια (theological name for Revelation’s sovereignty-over-history motif)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the whole book’s theme that the beast’s power is ‘given’ (a divine passive) rather than self-generated (13:5,7).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दावीदाच्या वंशातून
Transliteration: Dāvīdācyā vaṃśātūn
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ties to ‘the Root and the offspring of David’ (22:16).
Everlasting Gospel
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: sārvakālik śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel / Kingdom Mission and Evangelism
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
NEW for Revelation 14:6. Reuse established शुभवर्तमान exactly and add सार्वकालिक qualifier. Must not read as one gospel among several eternal teachings on offer.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मनुष्याचा पुत्र
Transliteration: manuṣyācā putra
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 1:13; 14:14. Must be carefully distinguished from देवाचा पुत्र; carries Danielic (Dan 7:13-14) heavenly-authority overtones, not mere or lesser humanity.
Word Of God Christological
Approved rendering: देवाचे वचन
Transliteration: devāce vacan
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: शब्दब्रह्म-adjacent phrasing
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 19:13. Strictly personal Christological title; never assimilated to शब्दब्रह्म/नादब्रह्म (sacred-sound-as-ultimate-reality) traditions in Hindu philosophy.
Tribe Tongue People Nation
Approved rendering: प्रत्येक वंश, भाषा, लोक आणि राष्ट्र
Transliteration: pratyek vanśa, bhāṣā, lok āṇi rāṣṭra
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Redemption and Unity of Peoples
Original: φυλή, γλῶσσα, λαός, ἔθνος
Category: Church
NEW fixed four-part phrase, recurring at 5:9; 7:9; 11:9; 13:7; 14:6; 17:15. Must retain full, unqualified universality every time; unusually resonant given living memory of the 1956 Ambedkarite conversion.
Almighty
Approved rendering: सर्वसमर्थ
Transliteration: sarvasamartha
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: सर्वशक्तिमान
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
NEW coinage for Revelation 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22. Avoids the शक्ती root tied to Maharashtra’s Shakti/mother-goddess tradition.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: खोटा संदेष्टा
Transliteration: khoṭā sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
NEW for Revelation 13:11-15; 16:13; 19:20; 20:10. Reuse established संदेष्टा; deliberate counterfeit contrast with genuine, Spirit-given prophecy.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: दावीदाची किल्ली
Transliteration: Dāvīdācī killī
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: κλεὶς Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
NEW for Revelation 3:7. Reuse established दावीद exactly; requires Isaiah 22:22 background this audience largely lacks.
Root Of David
Approved rendering: दावीदाचे मूळ
Transliteration: Dāvīdāce mūḷ
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
NEW for Revelation 5:5; 22:16. Holds together Christ’s deity (David’s root) and humanity (David’s offspring) in one title.
Revelation Apocalypse
Approved rendering: प्रकटीकरण
Transliteration: prakaṭīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: दर्शन
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
NEW for Revelation 1:1. दर्शन rejected: a Warkari/bhakti devotee’s repeatable visual encounter with a deity’s image. This is a one-time, once-given prophetic unveiling. Also the established book-title term for citations (प्रकटीकरण).
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: साक्ष
Transliteration: sākṣa
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW; root of the English ‘martyr.’ Established at 1:2,9; recurs at 6:9; 11:7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4. Model of faithful witness even unto death.
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चात्ताप
Transliteration: paścāttāp
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित्त
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19; 9:20-21; 16:9,11. Relational turning toward the personal God who forgives, distinguished from ritual expiation removing karmic effect.
Overcome Conqueror
Approved rendering: जिंकणारा / विजय मिळवणारा
Transliteration: jinkaṇārā / vijay milvaṇārā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: νικάω
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW; the single most repeated promise-formula in Revelation (chs. 2-3; 12:11; 15:2; 21:7). Must always be paired with the 12:11 blood-and-testimony control text; never a self-attained spiritual accomplishment.
Great Tribulation
Approved rendering: मोठे संकट
Transliteration: moṭhe saṅkaṭ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 2:9-10,22; 7:14. Names a specific, climactic persecution period, not tribulation or hardship in general.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनाचे पुस्तक
Transliteration: jīvanāce pustak
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
NEW; recurs at 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27; 22:19. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence to preserve the doctrine of assurance grounded in God’s own unchanging record, not a karmic ledger.
Slain Lamb
Approved rendering: वधलेला
Transliteration: vadhlelā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ἐσφαγμένον
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 5:6,9,12; 13:8. Must retain the ‘as though slain’ force: bearing the marks of death while standing alive and enthroned simultaneously.
Worthy
Approved rendering: योग्य
Transliteration: yogya
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for Revelation 4:11; 5:2,4,9,12. Reserved exclusively for God/the Lamb; never applied loosely, contrasted with the beast’s blasphemous claim to worship (ch. 13).
Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: siṃhāsan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW; the book’s central sovereignty-symbol, recurring 45+ times (chs. 1, 3-8, 12, 14, 16, 19-22). Consistent rendering required throughout.
Worship Latreuo
Approved rendering: उपासना / सेवा
Transliteration: upāsanā / sevā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for Revelation 7:15; 22:3. Distinct nuance from आराधना; active priestly service, distinguished in teaching notes.
Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: यहूदा वंशाचा सिंह
Transliteration: Yahūdā vaṃśācā siṃha
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 5:5. The Lion/Lamb paradox (announced as Lion, appearing as Lamb, 5:5-6) is a key literary-theological device that must not be flattened.
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: मोशेचे गीत आणि कोकऱ्याचे गीत
Transliteration: Mośece gīt āṇi kokaryāce gīt
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ Μωϋσέως…καὶ ᾠδὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for Revelation 15:3. Requires OT exodus background; the final deliverance through the Lamb fulfills and exceeds the exodus deliverance through Moses.
Seal Sphragis
Approved rendering: शिक्का / मुद्रा
Transliteration: śikkā / mudrā
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σφραγίζω / σφραγίς
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for Revelation 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4; 20:3; 22:10. God’s supernatural, protective mark of ownership on believers’ foreheads, distinct from ritual tilaka and the beast’s mark.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: सूर्याचे वस्त्र परिधान केलेली स्त्री
Transliteration: sūryāce vastra paridhān kelelī strī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for Revelation 12:1-6,13-17. Symbolic of God’s covenant people; must guard against assimilation to Devi/goddess iconography (Durga, Lakshmi).
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: दोन साक्षीदार
Transliteration: don sākṣīdār
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 11:3-12. Reuse established साक्ष root; directly embodies faithful witness even unto death, vindicated by resurrection.
Wrath Of God And Lamb
Approved rendering: कोकऱ्याचा क्रोध / देवाचा क्रोध
Transliteration: kokaryācā krodh / devācā krodh
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου / ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 6:16-17; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15. Preserves the paradox of the gentle Lamb as righteous Judge; not impersonal karmic retribution.
Souls Of The Slain
Approved rendering: वधलेल्यांचे आत्मे
Transliteration: vadhlelyāṃce ātme
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψυχαὶ τῶν ἐσφαγμένων
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 6:9-11. Establishes the martyr-vindication theme continued through chs. 7, 11, 12, 20.
Hades
Approved rendering: अधोलोक
Transliteration: adholok
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: यमलोक, पाताळ
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14. A temporary holding-place of the dead under total divine sovereignty, itself finally judged, not a co-eternal or autonomous realm.
Abyss Bottomless Pit
Approved rendering: अगाध डोह
Transliteration: agādh ḍoh
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: पाताळ (unqualified)
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3. Where पाताळ must be used for comprehensibility, must be explicitly clarified as a divinely controlled prison, not the Puranic netherworld.
Sorcery
Approved rendering: जादूटोणा / चेटूक करणारे
Transliteration: jādūṭoṇā / ceṭūk karṇāre
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακεία / φάρμακος
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 9:21; 18:23; 21:8; 22:15. A serious category of idolatrous rebellion; must avoid stigmatizing traditional folk healers as a class.
Great Prostitute Babylon
Approved rendering: मोठी वेश्या / बाबेल (महान)
Transliteration: moṭhī veśyā / Bābel (mahān)
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 14:8; 17:1-18; 18:1-24; 19:2. Symbolic figure for an idolatrous system, contrasted with the Bride; must guard against misuse to stigmatize actual persons or groups.
Babylon Fallen
Approved rendering: बाबेल पडले, पडले आहे
Transliteration: Bābel paḍle, paḍle āhe
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἔπεσεν
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 14:8; 18:2. Requires OT exile background for full force; the certain, sovereign downfall of any idolatrous system opposed to God.
Come Out Of Her My People
Approved rendering: तिच्यातून बाहेर या, माझ्या लोकांनो
Transliteration: ticyātūn bāher yā, mājhyā lokāṃno
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: Ἐξέλθατε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός μου
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 18:4. Ties to separation_unto_gods_service doctrine; a call to distinct allegiance, not literal geographic withdrawal or monastic renunciation.
Righteous Acts Of Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जनांची नीतिमत्त्वाची कृत्ये
Transliteration: pavitra janāṃcī nītimattvācī kṛtye
Doctrine: Justification by Faith and the Evidentiary Role of Works
Original: τὰ δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων
Category: The Church as Bride of Christ
NEW for Revelation 19:8. Reuse established पवित्र जन and नीतिमत्त्व; deeds are fruit/evidence of a righteousness already granted, never a separate ground of acceptance.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: विश्वासू आणि खरा / खरे
Transliteration: viśvāsū āṇi kharā / khare
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
NEW for Revelation 19:11; 21:5; cf. 3:14. Reuse established विश्वास root; must be rendered consistently at both occurrences.
Millennium
Approved rendering: सहस्र वर्षे
Transliteration: sahasra varṣe
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW for Revelation 20:1-6. A specific, bounded historical period within the linear unfolding of God’s one redemptive plan, not a repeating cosmic yuga-age.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: त्यांच्या कृत्यांप्रमाणे
Transliteration: tyāṃcyā kṛtyāṃpramāṇe
Doctrine: Justification by Faith and the Evidentiary Role of Works
Original: κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 20:12-13. Must be reconciled with justification by faith; works are evidence of true or false faith, never a separate merit-based verdict, and must not echo the karma-ledger framework Ambedkarite Buddhist communities rejected.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: नवे यरुशलेम
Transliteration: nave yaruśalem
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 3:12; 21:2,10. Requires OT background (city of David, temple) for full theological weight.
Descending From Heaven
Approved rendering: खाली उतरणारी
Transliteration: khālī utaraṇārī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Grace
Original: καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:2,10. Must clearly convey the city as God’s gift descending to humanity, reinforcing grace rather than human ascent to a self-attained heavenly abode.
Tabernacle Dwelling
Approved rendering: मंडप (निवासमंडप) / वस्ती करील
Transliteration: maṇḍap (nivāsmaṇḍap) / vastī karīl
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: मंदिर
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 7:15; 21:3. Connects to OT tabernacle background; personal, permanent presence, not an impersonal सर्वव्यापी परमात्मा-style all-pervading presence. Never मंदिर.
No More Death Mourning Crying Pain
Approved rendering: मृत्यू, शोक, आक्रोश, वेदना यापुढे राहणार नाहीत
Transliteration: mṛtyū, śok, ākrośa, vedanā yāpuḍhe rāhaṇār nāhīt
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:4. Death finally defeated and abolished, not one more turn within a cycle of death-and-rebirth (saṃsāra).
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनाच्या पाण्याचा झरा / जीवनाच्या पाण्याची नदी
Transliteration: jīvanācyā pāṇyācā jharā / jīvanācyā pāṇyācī nadī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: तीर्थ-language (avoid unexplained)
Original: πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς / ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:6; 22:1,17. Must not be conflated with ritually purifying sacred-river/tīrtha water in Hindu pilgrimage practice; God’s own free gift, not obtained by rite.
He Who Overcomes Will Inherit
Approved rendering: वतन मिळेल / वारसा मिळेल
Transliteration: vatan miḷel / vārsā miḷel
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth / Adoption and Sonship of Believers
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:7. Reuse conceptual link to established दत्तक पुत्रत्व; inheritance received by virtue of granted sonship, not earned separately.
Glory Illumines City
Approved rendering: देवाच्या गौरवाने ती प्रकाशित झाली
Transliteration: devācyā gauravāne tī prakāśit jhālī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:23-24. Reuse established गौरव exactly; God’s own relational glory, not abstract cosmic light or bodhi-adjacent imagery.
Do Not Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: या भविष्यवाणीच्या शब्दांत भर घालू नये…शब्द काढून घेऊ नये
Transliteration: yā bhaviṣyavāṇīcyā śabdāṃt bhar ghālū naye…śabda kāḍhūn gheū naye
Doctrine: Inspiration and Inviolability of Prophecy
Original: μὴ ἐπιθῇ ἐπ᾽ αὐτά…μὴ ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων
Category: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
NEW for Revelation 22:18-19. Ties directly to inspiration_of_scripture doctrine, distinguishing this as God’s own authoritative word.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: धूप / पवित्र जनांच्या प्रार्थना
Transliteration: dhūp / pavitra janāṃcyā prārthanā
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession / Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: θυμίαμα / προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
NEW for Revelation 5:8; 8:3-4. Reuse established पवित्र जन; symbolic of prayer’s acceptability before a personal God, not ritual incense-offering to an image.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: पहाटेचा तारा
Transliteration: pahāṭecā tārā
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Return and Reign of Christ
NEW for Revelation 2:28; 22:16. Must be distinguished from any astrological reading (Venus/शुक्र in ज्योतिष); a messianic royal claim (Num 24:17).
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेषित
Transliteration: preṣit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संदेशवाहक
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Named on the twelve foundations of the New Jerusalem (21:14) and evaluated in the Ephesus letter (2:2).
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept distinct from शांतता (‘silence,’ used at 8:1), a different Marathi word with a different sense.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक कृपादान
Transliteration: ātmik kṛpādān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धी
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly thematized in Revelation’s own vocabulary but the consistent compound rendering is preserved for curriculum-wide stability.
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed repeatedly as ‘the angel of the church in…’ (chs. 2-3) and referenced in the closing benediction (22:16).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे राज्य
Transliteration: devāce rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: ईश्वरी राष्ट्र
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 11:15’s thesis-level proclamation, ‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord.‘
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीय
Transliteration: anyajātīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the fourfold universal worship formula ‘every tribe, tongue, people, and nation’ (5:9; 7:9; 14:6).
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थी
Transliteration: madhyasthī
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Revelation to ‘the prayers of the saints’ rising as incense before the throne (5:8; 8:3-4).
Mission
Approved rendering: मिशन / सुवार्ता प्रसार
Transliteration: miśan / suvārtā prasār
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: εὐαγγελίσαι (Rev 14:6)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the eternal gospel’s proclamation ‘to every nation and tribe and language and people’ (14:6).
David
Approved rendering: दावीद
Transliteration: Dāvīd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in ‘the key of David’ (3:7) and ‘the Root and offspring of David’ (5:5; 22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Isrāel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘the twelve tribes of Israel’ sealed (7:4-8) and named on the New Jerusalem’s gates (21:12).
Lamp Stand
Approved rendering: दीपवृक्ष
Transliteration: dīpavṛkṣa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People amid Persecution
Original: λυχνία
Category: Church
NEW for Revelation 1:12,20. Must render as ‘lampstand,’ not ‘lamp’ itself; Christ walks among the lampstands without being identified with the light source.
Priests
Approved rendering: याजक
Transliteration: yājak
Doctrine: Priesthood of Believers
Rejected alternatives: पुरोहित, ब्राह्मण
Original: ἱερεῖς
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for Revelation 1:6; 5:10; 20:6. Must be kept distinct from caste-linked hereditary priesthood terms; corporate, non-hereditary believer-priesthood.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनाचा मुकुट
Transliteration: jīvanācā mukuṭ
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 2:10. A victor’s wreath, not a royal crown; reward for faithfulness under trial.
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: लपलेला मान्ना
Transliteration: lapalelā mānnā
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μάννα κεκρυμμένον
Category: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
NEW for Revelation 2:17. Requires Exodus manna background; Christ as sustaining, hidden heavenly provision.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: मोठे पांढरे सिंहासन
Transliteration: moṭhe pāṇḍhare siṃhāsan
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θρόνος μέγας λευκός
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 20:11. Reuse established सिंहासन; the climactic scene of final, universal judgment.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: (चोवीस) वडील
Transliteration: (covīs) vaḍīl
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: πρεσβύτεροι (24)
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for 4:4,10; 5:6,8,14; 11:16; 19:4. वडील is also the ordinary word for a local-church elder; must clarify this is a distinct, symbolic heavenly company.
Four Living Creatures
Approved rendering: (चार) जिवंत प्राणी
Transliteration: (cār) jivant prāṇī
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα (τέσσαρα)
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for 4:6-9; 5:6,8,14; 6:1,6; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4. Majestic composite angelic/cherubic order continuous with Ezekiel 1/Isaiah 6, not mundane animals.
Rainbow
Approved rendering: इंद्रधनुष्य
Transliteration: indradhanuṣya
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἶρις
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for 4:3; 10:1. Etymologically ‘Indra’s bow’ but carries no live devotional force today; retained as the only natural lexical choice, noted for translator awareness only.
Shepherd
Approved rendering: मेंढपाळ होईल
Transliteration: meṇḍhapāḷ hoīl
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ποιμαίνω
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for Revelation 7:17. Preserve the deliberate Lamb-as-Shepherd role-reversal paradox.
New Song
Approved rendering: नवे गीत
Transliteration: nave gīt
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾠδὴ καινή
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for Revelation 5:9; 14:3. Fresh song of praise given in response to the Lamb’s unique redemptive worthiness.
Number Of The Beast
Approved rendering: त्याचा आकडा ६६६
Transliteration: tyācā ākaḍā 666
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ, χξς΄
Category: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
NEW for Revelation 13:18. A one-time, specific symbolic identifier, not an invitation to general numerological (अंकशास्त्र) practice.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: महादूत मिखाएल
Transliteration: Mahādūt Mikhāel
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for Revelation 12:7. Reuse established देवदूत root with महा- prefix; keep clearly subordinate to God, never an object of worship.
Angel
Approved rendering: देवदूत
Transliteration: devadūt
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: देवता
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW; established Marathi Christian term. देवता rejected (implies a minor deity in the Hindu pantheon sense). An angel is a created, non-worshiped servant-messenger (cf. 19:10; 22:8-9).
Mighty Angel
Approved rendering: सामर्थ्यवान देवदूत
Transliteration: sāmarthyavān devadūt
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἄγγελος ἰσχυρός
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for Revelation 5:2; 10:1; 18:21. Reuse established देवदूत with सामर्थ्यवान qualifier; consistent subordination to God preserved.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे रहस्य
Transliteration: devāce rahasya
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: गूढविद्या-adjacent phrasing (avoid)
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
NEW for Revelation 10:7; 17:5,7. God’s own disclosed redemptive plan, not esoteric/occult secret-initiation knowledge.
Ark Of Covenant
Approved rendering: कराराचा कोश
Transliteration: karārācā kośa
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Covenant
NEW for Revelation 11:19. Reuse established करार; requires OT background for full theological weight.
White Robes
Approved rendering: पांढरे वस्त्र
Transliteration: pāṇḍhare vastra
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: στολαὶ λευκαί
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 3:4-5,18; 6:11; 7:9,13-14; 19:14. The redeemed multitude’s purity is granted, not self-achieved.
Apollyon Abaddon
Approved rendering: अपल्लीयोन / अबद्दोन
Transliteration: Apallīyon / Abaddon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Ἀπολλύων / Ἀβαδδών
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 9:11. Transliterated proper names; must be taught as subordinate to God’s sovereignty, never independent evil deities.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: हालेलूया
Transliteration: Hālelūyā
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship of the Lamb
Baseline transliteration standard reused exactly per the AI translation requirements document. Used at Revelation 19:1,3,4,6, the only NT occurrences.
Amen
Approved rendering: आमेन
Transliteration: Āmen
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb / Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship of the Lamb
Baseline transliteration standard reused exactly. Recurs throughout Revelation’s worship scenes (1:6-7; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: गोग आणि मागोग
Transliteration: Gog āṇi Māgog
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 20:8. Transliterated OT proper names (Ezekiel 38-39); requires background for meaning.
Blasphemy
Approved rendering: निंदा
Transliteration: nindā
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 13:1,5-6; 16:9,11,21; 17:3. Legally and socially sensitive given contemporary blasphemy-adjacent public order laws in India; avoid contemporary political parallels in teaching.
No More Sea
Approved rendering: समुद्र नाही
Transliteration: samudra nāhī
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:1. Removal of the symbol of chaos/threat (cf. 13:1), not a literal geographic claim.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: ते झाले आहे / पूर्ण झाले
Transliteration: te jhāle āhe / pūrṇa jhāle
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Γέγοναν / Γέγονεν
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 16:17; 21:6. Should echo the established rendering of Christ’s cross-word ‘पूर्ण झाले’; consistent rendering required at both occurrences.
Twelve Foundations
Approved rendering: (बारा) पाया
Transliteration: (bārā) pāyā
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θεμέλιοι (δώδεκα)
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:14. Reuse established प्रेषित for the twelve apostles named on the foundations.
Twelve Gates
Approved rendering: (बारा) प्रवेशद्वारे
Transliteration: (bārā) praveśadvāre
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πυλῶνες (δώδεκα)
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:12-13. Continuity with OT Israel; reuse established इस्राएल.
Nothing Unclean Shall Enter
Approved rendering: कोणतीही अशुद्ध वस्तू तिच्यात प्रवेश करणार नाही
Transliteration: koṇtīhī aśuddha vastū ticyāt praveś karṇār nāhī
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness / The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινόν
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 21:27. Must be taught as moral/spiritual impurity excluded by grace-based inclusion in the book of life, not ritual defilement remedied by rite.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनाचे झाड
Transliteration: jīvanāce jhāḍ
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 2:7; 22:2,14,19. Requires Genesis background; Edenic restoration motif fulfilled with twelve kinds of fruit and healing leaves.
Seeing Gods Face
Approved rendering: त्याचे मुख पाहतील
Transliteration: tyāce mukh pāhtīl
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ
Category: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
NEW for Revelation 22:4. May be constructively taught as the true, final, personal fulfillment of the दर्शन-longing — direct relational communion, not repeatable ritual viewing of an image.
Trumpet
Approved rendering: कर्णा / तुतारी
Transliteration: karṇā / tutārī
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for Revelation 1:10; 4:1; 8:2-13; 9:1,13-14; 10:7; 11:15. Instruments announcing successive divine judgments.
Bowls Of Wrath
Approved rendering: क्रोधाचे कटोरे
Transliteration: krodhāce kaṭore
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φιάλαι τοῦ θυμοῦ
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 15:7; 16:1-21; 21:9. Final, complete outpouring of God’s righteous judgment.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: हर्मगिदोन
Transliteration: Harmagedōn
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Sovereignty of God over History
NEW for Revelation 16:16. Transliterated proper noun; symbolic-climactic, not necessarily one literal geographic battlefield.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: उपकारस्तुती
Transliteration: upakārastutī
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs in the elders’ and living creatures’ worship-thanksgiving (4:9; 7:12; 11:17).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhāgitā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मैत्री
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the corporate worship scenes of chapters 4-5, 7, 19.
Prophet
Approved rendering: संदेष्टा
Transliteration: sandeṣṭā
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Contrasted sharply with खोटा संदेष्टा (‘the false prophet,’ chs. 13, 16, 19, 20) as the deliberate demonic counterfeit.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The words of this prophecy’ (1:3; 22:7,10,18,19) frames the whole book with the same divine-authority weight as the inspiration_of_scripture doctrine.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणे
Transliteration: uttejan deṇe
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω (theological register underlying the letters’ appeals)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the pastoral appeals of the seven letters (chs. 2-3).
Sea Of Glass
Approved rendering: काचेसारखा समुद्र
Transliteration: kācesārkhā samudra
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη
Category: Worship of the Lamb
NEW for 4:6; 15:2. Symbol of purity, order, and separation from chaos before the throne.
Curse Removed
Approved rendering: शाप
Transliteration: śāp
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάθεμα
Category: The New Heaven and New Earth
NEW for Revelation 22:3. Complete removal of the Genesis 3 curse.
Sickle Harvest
Approved rendering: विळा / कापणी
Transliteration: viḷā / kāpaṇī
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δρέπανον / θερισμός
Category: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
NEW for Revelation 14:14-19. Vivid agrarian imagery for final ingathering and judgment; low ambiguity in Marathi’s own agrarian context.
Referenced passages