Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Timothy (English → Marathi)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (baseline TM — reused exactly) and must not be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked (NEW) and require formal entry into an updated translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins, per the PRD’s pre-flight requirements.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
Table 1 — Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in 1 Timothy
| English | Greek | Marathi | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Key 1 Timothy passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | परमेश्वर | Critical | God; Deity of Christ | 1:1,2,17; 2:3,5; 3:15,16; 4:10; 6:11,13,15,17 |
| Lord | κύριος | प्रभू | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:2,12,14; 6:3,14,15 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | येशू | Critical | Lordship/Sonship of Christ | throughout |
| Christ | Χριστός | ख्रिस्त | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | Sanctification; Deity | 3:16; 4:1 |
| Father | (implied in doxologies) | पिता | Critical | Adoption | 1:2 (grace/mercy/peace formula) |
| grace | χάρις | कृपा | Critical | Grace | 1:2,14; 6:21 |
| faith | πίστις | विश्वास | High | Faith | throughout, esp. 1:2,5,14,19; 3:9,13; 4:1,6,12; 6:10,11,12,21 |
| salvation / save | σωτηρία / σῴζω | तारण | Critical | Salvation | 1:15; 2:4,15; 4:10,16 |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | पाप | High | Universal Human Accountability | 1:9,15; 5:20,22,24 |
| law | νόμος | नियमशास्त्र | High | Sound Doctrine; Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:7,8,9 |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | शुभवर्तमान | High | Gospel | 1:11 |
| glory | δόξα | गौरव | High | Deity of Christ | 1:11,17; 3:16 |
| holy | ἅγιος | पवित्र | High | Sanctification | 2:8,15; 4:5; 5:10 |
| church | ἐκκλησία | मंडळी | Medium | Church as God’s People | 3:5,15 |
| spiritual gifts | χάρισμα | आत्मिक कृपादान | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | 4:14 |
| prophecy | προφητεία | भविष्यवाणी | Low | Fulfillment/Inspiration of Scripture | 1:18; 4:14 |
| intercession(s) | ἐντεύξεις | मध्यस्थी | Medium | Prayer and Intercession | 2:1; 4:5 |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | अन्यजातीय | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:7 (context) |
| power of God (cf. δύναμις family) | — | देवाचे सामर्थ्य | High | Power of God | (thematic; cf. 6:15-16 κράτος, related concept) |
| election (thematic parallel) | ἐκλεκτός (5:21, “elect angels”) | देवाची निवड | High | Effectual Calling | 5:21 |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | उत्तेजन देणे | Low | Mutual Edification | 1:3; 2:1 (context); 5:1; 6:2 |
| imputed righteousness (thematic anchor for νομ- discussions) | — | आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व | Critical | Justification by Faith | (background doctrine informing 1:8-11) |
Table 2 — New Terms Proposed for the 1 Timothy Language Package
| English | Greek | Translit. | Marathi | Risk | Doctrine | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer / bishop (office) | ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή | episkopos / episkopē | अध्यक्ष / अध्यक्षपद | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | पर्यवेक्षक (“supervisor,” too secular-managerial), गुरू (implies self-attained teaching authority, per baseline apostle entry) | अध्यक्ष is also the everyday word for a corporate/political “chairman/president”; every occurrence needs framing as spiritual shepherding under Christ, not secular office. |
| elder (office) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | वडील | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | प्राचीन (archaic/literary, less warm) | Context-sensitive with the literal “older man/woman” sense (5:1-2); disambiguate per occurrence, paralleling baseline’s “called” context-sensitivity note. |
| deacon (office) | διάκονος | diakonos | सेवक (technical office use qualified as “मंडळीतील सेवक” or transliterated “डीकन”) | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | निव्वळ “सेवक” without qualification (too generic; collides with διάκονος’s ordinary “servant” sense elsewhere, e.g. 4:6) | Must be visibly distinguished in context from the generic use of the same Greek root elsewhere in the letter. |
| council of elders / eldership | πρεσβυτέριον | presbyterion | वडीलमंडळ | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership; Guarding the Deposit | — | Built on वडील for internal consistency. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | विवेक(भाव) | High | Sound Doctrine; Guarding the Deposit | बुद्धि (intellect, wrong register), आत्मा (reserved for spirit/soul, risk of confusion with पवित्र आत्मा) | Recurs 1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2; 5:22 (implied); must be entered before first occurrence (1:5). |
| sound / healthy doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | निरोगी शिकवण | Critical | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | शुद्ध शिकवण (“pure teaching” — loses the medical metaphor and its link to νοσῶν, “sick,” 6:4) | Thesis term of the curriculum; must be identical at 1:10, 4:6, 6:3 and consistent with 2 Timothy/Titus in later phases. |
| teach a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω | heterodidaskaleō | निराळी शिकवण देणे | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | चुकीची शिकवण देणे (“teach wrong doctrine” — loses the “other/different from the received deposit” nuance) | Identical rendering required at 1:3 and 6:3. |
| mystery of the faith / mystery of godliness | μυστήριον | mystērion | रहस्य (in compounds: विश्वासाचे रहस्य; सुभक्तीचे रहस्य) | High | The Church as Pillar of Truth; Guarding the Deposit | गूढ ज्ञान (“secret/esoteric knowledge” — wrongly implies privileged, initiate-only knowledge) | Must be taught as truth once hidden, now openly revealed, not privileged esoteric knowledge. |
| one mediator | εἷς μεσίτης | heis mesitēs | एक मध्यस्थ | Critical | Christ as the One Mediator | गुरू, संत, सद्गुरू (any human/venerated-figure intermediary term) | Exclusivity of “one” must never be softened; distinct noun from baseline मध्यस्थी (intercession, the act). |
| the man Christ Jesus | ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς | anthrōpos Christos Iēsous | मनुष्य ख्रिस्त येशू | High | Humanity of Christ; Christ as the One Mediator | — | Reinforces baseline humanity_of_christ doctrine within the mediator passage. |
| ransom | ἀντίλυτρον | antilytron | खंडणी | Critical | Christ as the One Mediator | मुक्तीमूल्य (built on baseline-forbidden मुक्ती root) | Requires mandatory translator note explaining OT redemption-price background to avoid a criminal/transactional misreading. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | सुभक्ती | Critical | Godliness and Contentment | भक्ती alone (Warkari devotional connotation, already rejected by baseline for “faith”), धार्मिकता (धर्म root, caste-loaded) | Every occurrence requires teaching that this is grace-enabled devotion to the true God in Christ, not devotional feeling toward any chosen deity nor a self-cultivated, merit-earning virtue. |
| contentment | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | समाधान | High | Godliness and Contentment | तृप्ती (more sensory/appetite-satisfaction connotation) | Distinguish from Hindu/Buddhist self-generated detachment (vairāgya, santoṣ) achieved by ascetic discipline; biblical contentment rests on trust in God’s provision (6:17). |
| recent convert / novice | νεόφυτος | neophytos | विश्वासात नवीन असलेला (avoid: नवदीक्षित) | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | नवदीक्षित / नवबौद्ध (the established, honored self-designation of 1956 Ambedkarite Buddhist converts — must not be used here) | One of the highest cultural-collision risks in the whole book; mandatory theologian review and translator note at every occurrence (3:6). |
| the devil (proper title) | ὁ διάβολος | ho diabolos | सैतान | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | Distinguish from the adjectival “slanderer” sense of the same root at 3:11 (see below); reuses established rendering for Σατανᾶς (1:20). |
| slanderer(s) (adjectival) | διάβολος/διάβολοι (adj.) | diabolos/diaboloi | निंदक | Medium-High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | सैतान (would wrongly imply demonic identity rather than human vice) | 3:11; deliberate wordplay with “the devil” (3:6-7) is lost in Marathi — flag via translator note, do not attempt reconstruction. |
| manage / rule over (household; church) | προΐστημι | proïstēmi | चांगल्या रीतीने चालवणे | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | सत्ता गाजवणे (implies harsh authoritarian rule), केवळ नियोजन करणे (implies no real authority) | Must render identically at 3:4-5, 3:12, and 5:17 to preserve the author’s household-to-church leadership parallel. |
| dignity / dignified | σεμνότης / σεμνός | semnotēs / semnos | गांभीर्य / गंभीर | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership; Godliness and Contentment | — | Recurs 2:2; 3:4; 3:8; 3:11 — render this virtue-word family consistently across all four occurrences. |
| exercise authority over / domineer | αὐθεντέω | authenteō | पुरुषावर अधिकार गाजवणे | High | Public Worship and Prayer; Qualifications for Church Leadership | पुरुषाला शिकवणे थांबवणे (conflates with the separate verb “teach,” blurring the distinct verbs in 2:12) | Contested single word across Christian traditions; mandatory translator note recording interpretive range (2:12). |
| saved through childbearing | σῴζω διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας | sōzō dia tēs teknogonias | बाळंतपणाद्वारे तारण पावेल | Critical | Public Worship and Prayer; Salvation | — | Mandatory theologian note recording the range of scholarly interpretation; must never imply childbearing itself merits salvation (2:15). |
| depart from the faith | ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως | aphistēmi tēs pisteōs | विश्वासापासून भ्रष्ट होणे / दूर जाणे | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | धर्मत्याग (loaded 1956 Ambedkarite-conversion association — avoid) | 4:1. |
| teachings of demons | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων | didaskaliai daimoniōn | दुष्ट आत्म्यांच्या शिकवणी | Medium-High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | भूतांच्या शिकवणी (भूत = folk ghost/possession-spirit, trivializes the concept) | 4:1. |
| seared conscience | κεκαυστηριασμένη συνείδησις | kekaustēriasmenē syneidēsis | डागलेला विवेक | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | — | 4:2; builds on विवेक (conscience). |
| Savior of all people, especially believers | σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων μάλιστα πιστῶν | sōtēr pantōn anthrōpōn malista pistōn | सर्व लोकांचा तारणारा, विशेषतः विश्वास ठेवणाऱ्यांचा | High | Godliness and Contentment; Salvation | — | 4:10; retain both the universal and particular halves of the statement. |
| widow indeed / true widow | χήρα ὄντως | chēra ontōs | खरी विधवा | High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | — | 5:3,5,16; defines eligibility for the church’s structured care. |
| enroll (as a widow) | καταλέγω | katalegō | विधवांच्या यादीत नोंद करणे | Medium | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | — | 5:9,11. |
| denied the faith | ἠρνήσατο τὴν πίστιν | ērnēsato tēn pistin | विश्वास नाकारला | High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith; Sound Doctrine | — | 5:8; practical apostasy through neglect of family duty. |
| worthy of double honor | διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιούσθωσαν | diplēs timēs axiousthōsan | दुप्पट सन्मानास पात्र | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | — | 5:17. |
| man of God | ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ | anthrōpos tou theou | हे देवाच्या माणसा | High | Sound Doctrine; Godliness and Contentment | — | 6:11; OT prophetic honorific title. |
| eternal life | αἰώνιος ζωή | aiōnios zōē | सार्वकालिक जीवन | Critical | Salvation; Godliness and Contentment | मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण (all baseline-forbidden) | 6:12, 19; personal, relational, unending life through bodily resurrection, not liberation from a cycle or extinguishing of self. |
| the good confession | ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία | hē kalē homologia | चांगली कबुली | High | Christ as the One Mediator; Lordship of Christ | — | 6:12-13; parallels baseline Romans 10:9-10 confession pattern. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | basileus tōn basileuontōn kai kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn | राजांचा राजा व प्रभूंचा प्रभू | Critical | Lordship of Christ | — | 6:15; reuses baseline प्रभू inside the title; must convey absolute, exclusive supremacy. |
| who alone has immortality / unapproachable light | ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς … ἀπρόσιτον | ho monos echōn athanasian, phōs… aprositon | जो एकटाच अमरत्व बाळगतो, अगम्य प्रकाशात राहतो | High | Lordship of Christ; God | — | 6:16; reinforces baseline glory/light-metaphor caution against enlightenment (bodhi) associations. |
| godliness as a means of gain | πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν | porismon einai tēn eusebeian | सुभक्ती ही कमाईचे साधन आहे असे मानणे | High | Godliness and Contentment | — | 6:5; critique of transactional/prosperity religiosity. |
| godliness with contentment is great gain | εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας πορισμὸς μέγας | eusebeia meta autarkeias porismos megas | सुभक्ती व समाधानासह मोठा लाभ आहे | Critical | Godliness and Contentment | — | 6:6; thesis verse of the doctrine. |
| a root of all kinds of evil | ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἡ φιλαργυρία | rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn hē philargyria | पैशाचा लोभ हा सर्व प्रकारच्या वाईटाचे एक मूळ आहे | High | Godliness and Contentment | पैशाचा लोभ हेच सर्व वाईटाचे एकमेव मूळ आहे (overstates the Greek — “the [sole] root of all evil”) | 6:10; precision required against the popular over-quoted misreading. |
| guard the deposit | παραθήκη φύλαξον | parathēkē phylaxon | तुझ्याकडे सोपवलेली ठेव सांभाळ | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | — | 6:20; thesis term of the doctrine; ठेव itself is a low-risk everyday banking word, but the doctrinal weight is high. |
| what is falsely called knowledge | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | pseudōnymos gnōsis | खोट्या नावाचे ज्ञान | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith; Sound Doctrine | — | 6:20; distinguish from ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (2:4, the true, openly revealed knowledge of the gospel). |
| full knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | epignōsis alētheias | सत्याचे ज्ञान | Medium | The Church as Pillar of Truth | — | 2:4; distinguish from Hindu jñāna-mārga/Buddhist prajñā self-attained enlightenment. |
| pillar and foundation of the truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias | सत्याचा स्तंभ व आधार | High | The Church as Pillar of Truth | — | 3:15; architectural metaphor for the church’s role in upholding revealed truth, reusing baseline मंडळी (church) and सत्य (truth, cf. ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας above); no significant collision risk in the metaphor itself, but the doctrine (church, not any guru/tradition, as truth’s support) should be taught clearly. |
| bondservants / masters | δοῦλοι / δεσπόται | douloi / despotai | दास / धनी | High | Household of Faith (social ethics) | गुलाम (modern Marathi word more narrowly evoking chattel slavery/racial slavery, potentially less apt for the NT household institution, though also carries its own risk) | 6:1-2; mandatory contextual note distinguishing NT household slavery from caste-based subordination given Maharashtra’s Ambedkarite history. |
Table 3 — Chapters Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Terms
None. Every chapter of 1 Timothy (1–6) contributes at least one new load-bearing term beyond the baseline Romans glossary, as documented in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md Part B. All six chapters have therefore received explicit term-level treatment above; no chapter is silently omitted.
Cross-Reference Note
For full definitions, literal meanings, semantic ranges, and contextual theological reasoning behind every entry in this glossary, see the corresponding verse/chapter sections in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md. This glossary file provides the consolidated lookup table; the semantic analysis file provides the doctrinal and cultural justification required for Critical/High risk routing in Phase 2 Step 17.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameśvar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Rejected alternatives: देव, भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 1 Timothy (1:1,2,17; 2:3,5; 3:15,16; 4:10; 6:11,13,15,17). देव acceptable only within the fixed OT-derived honorific ‘man of God’ (हे देवाच्या माणसा, 6:11); परमेश्वर remains required for all doctrinally precise references.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभू
Transliteration: prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: स्वामी, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2,12,14; 6:3,14,15 and inside the expanded doxological title ‘Lord of lords’ (6:15).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeśū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ईसा
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 1 Timothy.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रिस्त
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from the baseline package’s established transliteration standard (12_ai_translation_requirements.md). Functions largely as part of the proper name ‘Christ Jesus’ throughout 1 Timothy (1:1,2,12,14-16; 2:5; 3:13; 6:3,13-14), distinct in grammatical function from, but doctrinally continuous with, मसीहा.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीहा
Transliteration: Masīhā
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: अवतारी पुरुष
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies 1 Timothy’s Christological title usage.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Ātmā
Doctrine: Sanctification / Deity
Rejected alternatives: परमात्मा, ब्रह्म
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 3:16; 4:1. Must remain lexically distinct from दुष्ट आत्मा (evil spirit, new term below) and from आत्मा used loosely for human ‘spirit’.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pitā
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: निर्माता
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs in the grace/mercy/peace greeting formula (1:2).
Grace
Approved rendering: कृपा
Transliteration: kṛpā
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कर्मफळ, पुण्य, स्वतःच्या प्रयत्नाने मिळवलेले
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2,14; 6:21. See new entry grace_overflowed_abundantly for the intensified form at 1:14.
Salvation
Approved rendering: तारण
Transliteration: tāraṇ
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:15; 2:4,15; 4:10,16. NEVER मोक्ष, मुक्ती, or निर्वाण.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthān
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म, पुनर्भव
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not lexically present as a term in 1 Timothy’s own text, but the doctrine underlies and secures the new eternal_life term (6:12,19) per doctrine_risk_registry.json’s eschatological_hope_and_eternal_life entry; kept in this package for cross-reference consistency.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: nītimattva
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background doctrine for 1:9’s discussion of the law’s lawful use (‘the law is not laid down for the just [δίκαιος]’); must be kept distinct from the new above_reproach term (निर्दोष), which names observable reputational blamelessness, not forensic righteousness.
Justification
Approved rendering: नीतिमान ठरवणे
Transliteration: nītimān ṭharavaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: माफी मिळणे, पुण्य कमावणे
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background doctrine informing the letter’s contrast between grace-based standing and self-earned merit, especially in ch.1 and ch.6.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित नीतिमत्त्व
Transliteration: āropit nītimattva
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: स्वकष्टार्जित नीतिमत्त्व
Original: ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην (thematic background)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Background doctrine for 1:8-11’s teaching on the law’s lawful use, and for guarding against ‘godliness as a means of gain’ (6:5) reading grace as self-earned.
Recent Convert
Approved rendering: विश्वासात नवीन असलेला
Transliteration: viśvāsāt navīn asalelā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: नवदीक्षित, नवबौद्ध
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW — HIGHEST CULTURAL-COLLISION RISK IN THE BOOK. νεόφυτος (3:6). नवदीक्षित and नवबौद्ध are the honored, standard Marathi self-designations of the 1956 Ambedkarite Buddhist mass conversion, a defining and dignifying living-memory identity. Using either term for this disqualification clause risks being heard as ‘recent Buddhist-to-Christian converts must not lead.’ NEVER use नवदीक्षित/नवबौद्ध. Mandatory translator note and theologian review required at every occurrence.
One Mediator
Approved rendering: एक मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: ek madhyastha
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: गुरू, संत, सद्गुरू
Original: εἷς μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων
Category: Christology
NEW — highest Christological collision point in the book. εἷς μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων (2:5). Given Warkari veneration of sant-poets, Vitthal’s accessible personal deity, widespread guru/astrologer intermediary practice, and awareness of saint intercession in some Christian communities’ background, the emphatic ‘ONE’ must never be softened. Kept grammatically and conceptually distinct from baseline मध्यस्थी (intercession, the shared act any believer performs) — मध्यस्थ names Christ’s unique person and office.
Ransom
Approved rendering: खंडणी
Transliteration: khaṇḍaṇī
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तीमूल्य
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀντίλυτρον (2:6). खंडणी is the standard modern word for a criminal/kidnap ransom; avoid any compound on the baseline-forbidden मुक्ती root (e.g. मुक्तीमूल्य). Mandatory translator note required at every occurrence explaining the OT redemption-price background so this is not misheard as a business transaction or as liberation earned through merit/self-effort.
Godliness
Approved rendering: सुभक्ती
Transliteration: subhaktī
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: भक्ती (alone), धार्मिकता
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW — single most pervasively crowded term in the letter (8 occurrences: 2:2; 3:16; 4:7,8; 6:3,5,6,11). सु- + भक्ती inherits भक्ती’s Warkari devotional connotation, the same root already rejected by baseline as an alternative for πίστις because of its Vitthal-devotional association. धार्मिकता rejected as caste-loaded (धर्म root). Every occurrence requires teaching that this is grace-enabled, Christ-specific devotion expressed in conduct, not devotional feeling toward any chosen deity, and not a self-cultivated, merit-earning virtue. Standing teaching note mandatory at first occurrence (2:2).
Godliness With Contentment Is Great Gain
Approved rendering: सुभक्ती व समाधानासह मोठा लाभ आहे
Transliteration: subhaktī va samādhānāsah moṭhā lābh āhe
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας πορισμὸς μέγας
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας πορισμὸς μέγας (6:6) — thesis verse of the curriculum’s named Godliness and Contentment doctrine. Render consistently; see godliness and contentment entries above for the underlying cross-cultural distinctions required at every occurrence.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: सार्वकालिक जीवन
Transliteration: sārvakālik jīvan
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: मोक्ष, मुक्ती, निर्वाण
Original: αἰώνιος ζωή
Category: Salvation
NEW. αἰώνιος ζωή (6:12,19). No baseline entry existed before this curriculum. Personal, relational, unending life through bodily resurrection (baseline पुनरुत्थान), not liberation from a cycle nor extinguishing of self. NEVER मोक्ष/मुक्ती/निर्वाण.
King Of Kings And Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजांचा राजा व प्रभूंचा प्रभू
Transliteration: rājāṃcā rājā va prabhūṃcā prabhū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
NEW. βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων (6:15). Reuses baseline प्रभू inside ‘प्रभूंचा प्रभू’; must convey absolute, presently-reigning, exclusive supremacy, not one exalted lord among many, continuing the baseline lordship_of_christ caution against Vitthal-adjacent devotional pluralism.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: निरोगी शिकवण
Transliteration: nirogī śikvaṇ
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध शिकवण
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW — thesis term of the whole curriculum. ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (1:10; 4:6; 6:3), structurally linked to νοσῶν (‘sick,’ 6:4). शुद्ध शिकवण rejected: loses the medical metaphor and risks resonance with ritual-purity/caste-purity discourse (shuddhi). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at all three occurrences; entered in translation memory before any Phase 2 segment is processed.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: बाळंतपणाद्वारे तारण पावेल
Transliteration: bāḷantpaṇādvāre tāraṇ pāvel
Doctrine: Salvation and Childbearing
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Salvation
NEW. σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας (2:15). Uses baseline तारण. Must never be rendered or taught as implying childbearing itself merits or earns तारण, contradicting grace-through-faith doctrine. Mandatory translator/theologian note recording the range of scholarly interpretation (safety in childbirth / sanctified domestic faithfulness / reference to Christ’s birth) required at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: viśvāsa
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 1 Timothy (1:2,5,14,19; 3:9,13; 4:1,6,12; 6:10-12,21).
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: pāp
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अधर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:9,15; 5:20,22,24. See new entry foremost_of_sinners for Paul’s self-designation at 1:15.
Law
Approved rendering: नियमशास्त्र
Transliteration: niyamśāstra
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, धम्म
Original: νόμος
Category: Sound Doctrine
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:7,8,9 concerning the law’s lawful vs. unlawful use. NEVER धर्म or धम्म.
Gospel
Approved rendering: शुभवर्तमान
Transliteration: śubhavartamān
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: बातमी, खबर
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:11 (‘the glorious gospel of the blessed God’).
Glory
Approved rendering: गौरव
Transliteration: gaurav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज, प्रकाश
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:11,17; 3:16. Reinforced by the new doxological entries below (king_of_ages…, who_alone_has_immortality…) which extend the baseline’s light-metaphor caution against bodhi/enlightenment associations.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:8,15; 4:5; 5:10.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Present at 2:15 (‘faith and love and holiness [ἁγιασμός] with self-control’).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: देवाचे सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: devāce sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God
Rejected alternatives: शक्ती
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ (thematic; cf. κράτος, 6:16)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Thematically present in the doxological affirmations of God’s sovereignty (6:15-16, κράτος). NEVER शक्ती.
Election
Approved rendering: देवाची निवड
Transliteration: devācī nivaḍ
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: नशीब, दैव, कर्मफळ
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Present as the standard of impartiality in ‘the elect angels’ (5:21).
Called
Approved rendering: बोलावलेले
Transliteration: bolāvlele
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आमंत्रित
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Present at 6:12 (‘you were called [ἐκλήθης] to eternal life’), tying divine calling directly to the new eternal_life term.
Calling
Approved rendering: पाचारण
Transliteration: pācāraṇ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: आवाहन
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Noun form paired with बोलावलेले wherever the act/state of calling (rather than the participle) is in view (cf. 6:12).
Overseer
Approved rendering: अध्यक्ष / अध्यक्षपद
Transliteration: adhyakṣa / adhyakṣapad
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: पर्यवेक्षक, गुरू
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Core passage term (3:1-2). अध्यक्ष is the everyday Marathi word for the chairman/president of a political party, corporation, or society. Every occurrence requires a framing gloss (‘आत्मिक अध्यक्षपद,’ spiritual oversight) at first use (3:1) so the office reads as Christ-delegated spiritual shepherding, not secular ambition or election.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: वडील
Transliteration: vaḍīl
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: प्राचीन
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Recognized leadership office (5:17,19), distinct from the literal ‘older man/woman’ sense used two chapters earlier (5:1-2). Disambiguate per occurrence with a contextual marker (e.g. ‘वडीलपद असलेला’ for the office sense), paralleling baseline’s context-sensitivity note for ‘called.‘
Deacon
Approved rendering: सेवक (मंडळीतील सेवक)
Transliteration: sevak (maṇḍaḷītīl sevak)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: निव्वळ सेवक (unqualified)
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Core passage term (3:8-13). सेवक is the ordinary word for ‘servant’ of any kind and is used generically elsewhere in the same letter (4:6). Always qualify with ‘मंडळीतील’ (of the church) when the technical office is meant; consider a parenthetical transliteration ‘डीकन’ at first formal introduction (3:8) to anchor the office sense.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: एका पत्नीचा पती
Transliteration: ekā patnīcā patī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Core passage term, repeated identically at 3:2 and 3:12. Debated qualification (monogamy / marital fidelity / exclusion of remarried widowers). Requires a mandatory translator/teacher note recording the range of scholarly interpretation; Maharashtra context of common remarriage after widowhood and converts from prior non-Christian marriages requires careful pastoral framing, not a bare literal reading.
Lover Of Money
Approved rendering: पैशाचा लोभ नसलेला
Transliteration: paiśācā lobh nasalelā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀφιλάργυρος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. ἀφιλάργυρος (3:3). Same root as φιλαργυρία, ‘the root of all kinds of evil’ (6:10). Must be rendered consistently with the 6:10 wording so readers recognize the author’s deliberate verbal echo between the leadership qualification and the letter’s broader warning against greed.
Manage Household And Church
Approved rendering: चांगल्या रीतीने चालवणे
Transliteration: cāṅglyā rītīne cālvaṇe
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: सत्ता गाजवणे, केवळ नियोजन करणे
Original: προΐστημι
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. προΐστημι — must be rendered IDENTICALLY at 3:4-5, 3:12, and 5:17 to preserve Paul’s deliberate parallel between household management and church oversight. सत्ता गाजवणे over-translates toward harsh authoritarianism; केवळ नियोजन करणे under-translates, stripping the office of real authority.
Submissive
Approved rendering: अधीनता / आज्ञाधारकता
Transliteration: adhīntā / āgnādhārktā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ὑποταγή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. ὑποταγή (3:4). Recurs in the gender-and-authority discussion of 2:11-12; this is willing, respectful order within relationship as observable evidence of a father’s godly household leadership, not coerced subjugation and not a statement about children’s inherent inferiority.
The Devil
Approved rendering: सैतान
Transliteration: saitān
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ὁ διάβολος
Category: Sin
NEW. ὁ διάβολος, proper title (3:6-7; also 1:20 Σατανᾶς). Must be strictly distinguished from the adjectival ‘slanderer’ sense of the identical Greek root used of human speech at 3:11 — do not use सैतान there.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासाचे रहस्य
Transliteration: viśvāsāce rahasya
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth / Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: गूढ ज्ञान
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
NEW. μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως (3:9), paired with ‘mystery of godliness’ (3:16, सुभक्तीचे रहस्य). रहस्य risks being read through Hindu Tantric/Yogic ‘gupt gyan’ or Buddhist esoteric transmission categories; the biblical μυστήριον is the opposite — a truth once hidden, now openly and publicly revealed to all. Reuses baseline विश्वास for πίστις.
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेक(भाव)
Transliteration: vivek(bhāv)
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching / Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: बुद्धि, आत्मा
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sin
NEW. συνείδησις, recurring at 1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2; 5:22 (implied). No baseline entry existed prior to this curriculum. Distinct from बुद्धि (intellect, wrong register) and आत्मा (reserved for spirit/soul, risk of confusion with पवित्र आत्मा). Must be entered before first occurrence (1:5) and used consistently throughout.
Women Wives Ambiguous
Approved rendering: स्त्रिया
Transliteration: striyā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: पत्न्या (silently resolved to ‘wives’), स्त्री सेवक/डीकन (silently resolved to ‘women deacons’)
Original: γυναῖκες
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. γυναῖκες (3:11) is genuinely ambiguous in the Greek itself: deacons’ wives, women deacons/deaconesses, or women assistants serving alongside deacons. Render literally as स्त्रिया; do NOT silently disambiguate. Mandatory translator note recording the three interpretive options, cross-referenced with 2:11-12.
The Man Christ Jesus
Approved rendering: मनुष्य ख्रिस्त येशू
Transliteration: manuṣya Khrist Yeśū
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ / Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
NEW. ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς (2:5). Ties to baseline humanity_of_christ doctrine (High); Christ’s genuine humanity here must never be read as diminishing the full deity established elsewhere in the same letter (1:17; 6:15-16).
The Good Confession
Approved rendering: चांगली कबुली
Transliteration: cāṅglī kabulī
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator / Lordship of Christ
Original: ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Christology
NEW. ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία (6:12-13), paralleling Christ’s own confession before Pilate. Must maintain thematic and, where content overlaps, verbal consistency with the baseline’s treatment of Romans 10:9 (येशू प्रभू आहे).
Contentment
Approved rendering: समाधान
Transliteration: samādhān
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: तृप्ती
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. αὐτάρκεια (6:6). Must be distinguished from Hindu vairāgya (renunciate detachment) or Buddhist santoṣa/upekkhā (equanimity), both cultivated through ascetic self-discipline as a means of liberation. Biblical contentment here is relational, resting on trust in God’s provision (6:17), not a self-generated inner state.
Godliness As Means Of Gain
Approved rendering: सुभक्ती ही कमाईचे साधन आहे असे मानणे
Transliteration: subhaktī hī kamāīce sādhan āhe ase mānaṇe
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: νομιζόντων πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. νομιζόντων πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν (6:5). Engages a live pastoral issue: popular devotional practice (नवस/nazar vows) is genuinely transactional in a way this verse critiques. Frame the critique universally (any transactional religiosity, including prosperity-gospel distortion within the church) rather than pointing outward at a specific neighboring tradition.
Train Yourself For Godliness
Approved rendering: सुभक्तीसाठी स्वतःला सराव कर
Transliteration: subhaktīsāthī svataḥlā sarāv kar
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: γύμναζε σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. γύμναζε σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν (4:7). Care needed that ‘training/exercising’ language does not collapse सुभक्ती into a self-attained achievement parallel to yogic sādhanā or the Buddhist Eightfold Path — the training is the grace-enabled response of one already saved by grace, not the means of earning standing with God.
Root Of All Kinds Of Evil
Approved rendering: पैशाचा लोभ हा सर्व प्रकारच्या वाईटाचे एक मूळ आहे
Transliteration: paiśācā lobh hā sarva prakāracyā vāīṭāce ek mūḷ āhe
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment / The Love of Money
Rejected alternatives: पैशाचा लोभ हेच सर्व वाईटाचे एकमेव मूळ आहे
Original: ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἡ φιλαργυρία
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἡ φιλαργυρία (6:10). Render as ‘a root of every kind of evil,’ not ‘the sole root of all evil’ — the Greek’s anarthrous ῥίζα does not claim exclusivity. Must echo φιλαργυρία’s earlier occurrence at 3:3 (lover_of_money) for full contextual force.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: हे देवाच्या माणसा
Transliteration: he Devācyā māṇsā
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment / Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ (6:11), an OT prophetic honorific (Moses, Elijah, Elisha) applied to Timothy. Should carry OT prophetic dignity, not read as a generic compliment; देव is acceptable here only within this fixed honorific phrase, distinguished from the doctrinally precise परमेश्वर used elsewhere.
King Of Ages Immortal Invisible Only God
Approved rendering: युगांचा राजा, अविनाशी, अदृश्य, एकच परमेश्वर
Transliteration: yugāṃcā rājā, avināśī, adṛśya, ekac Parameśvar
Doctrine: God
Original: βασιλεῖ τῶν αἰώνων, ἀφθάρτῳ, ἀοράτῳ, μόνῳ θεῷ
Category: God
NEW. βασιλεῖ τῶν αἰώνων, ἀφθάρτῳ, ἀοράτῳ, μόνῳ θεῷ (1:17). Must be rendered consistently with the parallel doxology at 6:15-16; एकच परमेश्वर firmly asserts monotheism against any devotional pluralism (Warkari multi-deity devotion).
Who Alone Has Immortality Unapproachable Light
Approved rendering: जो एकटाच अमरत्व बाळगतो, अगम्य प्रकाशात राहतो
Transliteration: jo ekṭāc amaratva bāḷagto, agamya prakāśāt rāhto
Doctrine: God / Lordship of Christ
Original: ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον
Category: God
NEW. ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν, φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον (6:16). Reinforces baseline गौरव caution against light-metaphor terms merging with bodhi/enlightenment associations; immortality belongs uniquely to God as Giver, not an innate human possession realized through practice or meditation.
God Our Savior
Approved rendering: तारणारा परमेश्वर
Transliteration: tāraṇārā Parameśvar
Doctrine: God / Salvation
Original: θεοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν
Category: God
NEW. θεοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν (1:1; 2:3; 4:10), a recurring Pastoral Epistles title. Built from baseline तारण + परमेश्वर; must never be softened to a generic ‘helper/protector’ title.
Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: निराळी शिकवण देणे
Transliteration: nirāḷī śikvaṇ deṇe
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: चुकीची शिकवण देणे
NEW. ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω (1:3; 6:3). Core term for the letter’s central threat. Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at both occurrences.
Grace Overflowed Abundantly
Approved rendering: कृपा अत्यंत विपुलपणे ओसंडली
Transliteration: kṛpā atyant vipulpaṇe osaṇḍlī
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ὑπερεπλεόνασεν ἡ χάρις
Category: Salvation
NEW. ὑπερεπλεόνασεν ἡ χάρις (1:14). Reinforces baseline कृपा caution that this grace is unearned and Christ-specific, illustrated by its overflow toward the ‘foremost of sinners,’ not devotional favor accumulated through bhakti devotion.
Foremost Of Sinners
Approved rendering: पापियांमध्ये मुख्य
Transliteration: pāpiyāmmadhye mukhya
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: πρῶτος ἁμαρτωλῶν
Category: Sin
NEW. πρῶτος ἁμαρτωλῶν (1:15). Uses baseline पाप. Must be phrased so Paul’s self-accusation reads as personal moral responsibility before God for his own past conduct (blasphemy, persecution), never as an echo of the caste-Hindu birth-karma framework Ambedkarite Buddhist communities explicitly rejected.
Deliver To Satan
Approved rendering: सैतानाच्या स्वाधीन करणे
Transliteration: saitānācyā svādhīn karaṇe
Doctrine: Church Discipline
NEW. παραδίδωμι τῷ Σατανᾷ (1:20). Reuses baseline सैतान. Requires a mandatory clarifying pastoral note that this is remedial discipline aimed at repentance, not a curse or final abandonment; must be distinguished from folk bhūt-pret affliction/exorcism beliefs.
Exercise Authority Over
Approved rendering: पुरुषावर अधिकार गाजवणे
Transliteration: puruṣāvar adhikār gājavṇe
Doctrine: Gender and Authority in Public Worship
Rejected alternatives: पुरुषाला शिकवणे थांबवणे
Original: αὐθεντέω
Category: Public Worship
NEW. αὐθεντέω (2:12), one of the most exegetically contested single words in the NT. Mandatory translator note recording the interpretive range (ordinary teaching authority vs. domineering/usurping authority) required, since this bears directly on live church-practice questions regarding women’s teaching roles. Keep grammatically distinct from the separate verb ‘to teach’ in 2:12.
Pillar And Foundation Of Truth
Approved rendering: सत्याचा स्तंभ व आधार
Transliteration: satyācā stambh va ādhār
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας (3:15). Reuses baseline मंडळी and सत्य. The architectural metaphor itself is low-risk; the doctrine that the church, not any guru, philosophical school, or tradition, upholds revealed truth must be taught clearly.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: सुभक्तीचे रहस्य
Transliteration: subhaktīce rahasya
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW. τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον (3:16), introducing the incarnation confession. Paired with mystery_of_the_faith (3:9); same रहस्य fencing requirement applies — truth once hidden, now openly revealed, not esoteric initiate-knowledge.
Depart From The Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासापासून भ्रष्ट होणे / दूर जाणे
Transliteration: viśvāsāpāsūn bhraṣṭa hoṇe / dūr jāṇe
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine against Ascetic False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: धर्मत्याग
Original: ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
NEW. ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως (4:1). धर्मत्याग must NEVER be used: this compound is closely associated with the honored 1956 Ambedkarite Buddhist departure from caste Hinduism, and using it here for Christian apostasy would create an unintended, painful parallel. Reuses baseline विश्वास.
Savior Of All People Especially Believers
Approved rendering: सर्व लोकांचा तारणारा, विशेषतः विश्वास ठेवणाऱ्यांचा
Transliteration: sarva lokāṃcā tāraṇārā, viśeṣataḥ viśvās ṭhevaṇāryāṃcā
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel and God’s Saving Will
Original: σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, μάλιστα πιστῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW. σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, μάλιστα πιστῶν (4:10). Reinforces universal_scope_of_gospel doctrine without collapsing into universalism; must retain both the universal and particular halves of the statement without softening either.
Do Not Lay Hands Hastily
Approved rendering: घाईने कोणावरही हात ठेवू नकोस
Transliteration: ghāīne koṇāvarhī hāt ṭhevū nakos
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: χεῖρας ταχέως μηδενὶ ἐπιτίθει
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. χεῖρας ταχέως μηδενὶ ἐπιτίθει (5:22). Echoes the νεόφυτος warning of 3:6; reinforces the church’s careful, tested process for recognizing and commissioning leaders.
Widow Indeed
Approved rendering: खरी विधवा
Transliteration: kharī vidhavā
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα ὄντως
Category: Household of Faith
NEW. χήρα ὄντως (5:3,5,16), a technical qualifying category defining eligibility for the church’s structured widow-care system. No direct institutional parallel exists in surrounding Hindu/Buddhist tradition, though widow welfare is a live social-justice memory in Maharashtra (Phule, Ambedkar reform history); leverage positively without conflating with any specific reform movement’s identity.
Denied The Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास नाकारला
Transliteration: viśvāsa nākārlā
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith / Sound Doctrine
Original: ἠρνήσατο τὴν πίστιν
Category: Faith
NEW. ἠρνήσατο τὴν πίστιν (5:8). Reuses baseline विश्वास; a strong statement that neglecting practical family care is a form of practical apostasy — ties to the letter’s broader apostasy themes (ch.1, 4, 6).
Worthy Of Double Honor
Approved rendering: दुप्पट सन्मानास पात्र
Transliteration: duppaṭ sanmānās pātra
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιούσθωσαν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιούσθωσαν (5:17). Directly ties the household-management qualification (3:4-5,12) to the elder office’s actual exercise; must reuse चांगल्या रीतीने चालवणे for consistency.
Bondservants And Masters
Approved rendering: दास / धनी
Transliteration: dāsa / dhanī
Doctrine: Household Social Ethics
Rejected alternatives: गुलाम
Original: δοῦλοι … δεσπόται
Category: Household of Faith
NEW. δοῦλοι … δεσπόται (6:1-2). Given Maharashtra’s caste-based servitude history and the Ambedkarite movement’s explicit rejection of hereditary social subordination, this passage requires exceptionally careful pastoral framing: NT household slavery is a distinct historical institution from the caste system and must NEVER be taught or rendered as sanctifying present-day social hierarchy or caste-based subordination. Mandatory contextual note required wherever used.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: तुझ्याकडे सोपवलेली ठेव सांभाळ
Transliteration: tujhyākaḍe sopavlelī ṭhev sāmbhāḷ
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW — thesis term for the curriculum’s Guarding the Deposit of Faith doctrine. τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον (6:20). ठेव itself is a low-risk everyday word (bank deposit); the risk is purely doctrinal weight, tying together Sound Doctrine (ch.1), the Mystery of the Faith (ch.3), and ‘falsely called knowledge’ (6:20) as one unified concern.
What Is Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: खोट्या नावाचे ज्ञान
Transliteration: khoṭyā nāvāce jñān
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith / Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Faith
NEW. ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις (6:20). ज्ञान risks resonance with Hindu jñāna-mārga or Buddhist enlightenment-knowledge traditions; must be clearly distinguished from सत्याचे ज्ञान (2:4), the true, openly revealed knowledge of the gospel.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: मंडळी
Transliteration: maṇḍaḷī
Doctrine: Church as God’s People / The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: देऊळ, मंदिर
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 3:5,15, including the ‘household of God, which is the church of the living God’ (3:15).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक कृपादान
Transliteration: ātmik kṛpādān
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान, सिद्धी
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 4:14, combined with the new laying_on_of_hands and prophecy terms in the ordination charge.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थी
Transliteration: madhyasthī
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἐντεύξεις
Category: Public Worship
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:1; 4:5. Must remain grammatically and conceptually distinct from the new noun एक मध्यस्थ (one mediator, 2:5) — मध्यस्थी names the shared practice of praying for others; मध्यस्थ names Christ’s unique person and office.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजातीय
Transliteration: anyajātīya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Implicit at 2:7, Paul’s appointment as a teacher of the nations.
Peace
Approved rendering: शांती
Transliteration: śāntī
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: मनःशांती
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Present in the salutation formula ‘Grace, mercy, and peace’ (1:2).
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: वडीलमंडळ
Transliteration: vaḍīlmaṇḍaḷ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. The formal collective body (πρεσβυτέριον) that laid hands on Timothy (4:14). Built on वडील for internal consistency.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: निर्दोष
Transliteration: nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. ἀνεπίλημπτος (3:2) and its near-synonym ἀνέγκλητος (3:10, deacons after testing) both render निर्दोष. Must be distinguished contextually from baseline forensic नीतिमत्त्व (righteousness, Critical) — this is observable reputational blamelessness, not imputed salvific standing. Translator note should record the near-synonymy between the two Greek terms applied respectively to overseers and deacons.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: संयमी / सावध
Transliteration: saṃyamī / sāvadh
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. νηφάλιος (3:2, 3:11). Both literal sobriety and figurative clear-headedness. Render consistently at both occurrences.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: संयमशील
Transliteration: saṃyamśīl
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: σώφρων
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. σώφρων (3:2). Same root family as σωφροσύνη (2:9,15); keep consistent with that rendering.
Respectable
Approved rendering: सुसंस्कृत / सभ्य
Transliteration: susaṃskṛt / sabhya
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. κόσμιος (3:2). Public dignity befitting the office.
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: शिकवण्यास सक्षम
Transliteration: śikvaṇyās sakṣam
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. διδακτικός (3:2), the one required competency in the overseer list. Connects directly to sound_doctrine — the overseer must be able to teach this specific sound doctrine, not merely be articulate.
Dignity Dignified
Approved rendering: गांभीर्य / गंभीर
Transliteration: gāmbhīrya / gambhīr
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership / Godliness and Contentment
Original: σεμνότης / σεμνός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. σεμνότης / σεμνός recurs at 2:2; 3:4; 3:8; 3:11 — a key repeated virtue-term. Render consistently across all four occurrences as a deliberate stylistic and theological echo.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: सैतानाचा सापळा
Transliteration: saitānācā sāpḷā
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου (3:7). The devil’s strategy against leaders operates through reputational compromise, not only inward temptation.
Greedy For Shameful Gain
Approved rendering: अनुचित लाभाचा लोभी
Transliteration: anucit lābhācā lobhī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. αἰσχροκερδής (3:8). Financial dishonesty or improper profit-seeking, relevant since deacons historically handled charity funds; thematic link to 6:10.
Tested Blameless
Approved rendering: परीक्षा घेणे; निर्दोष
Transliteration: parīkṣā gheṇe; nirdoṣ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: δοκιμαζέσθωσαν … ἀνέγκλητοι
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. δοκιμαζέσθωσαν … ἀνέγκλητοι (3:10). An observable vetting process required before appointment; confirmed, not merely presumed, moral standing.
Good Standing And Confidence
Approved rendering: चांगली प्रतिष्ठा व धैर्य
Transliteration: cāṅglī pratiṣṭhā va dhairya
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: βαθμὸς καλός … παρρησία
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. βαθμὸς καλός … παρρησία (3:13). Faithful deacon service yields earned spiritual credibility and bold confidence in the faith, not institutional-corporate ‘promotion.‘
Christ Jesus Our Hope
Approved rendering: आपली आशा ख्रिस्त येशू
Transliteration: āplī āśā Khrist Yeśū
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τῆς ἐλπίδος ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
NEW. Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τῆς ἐλπίδος ἡμῶν (1:1). आशा (hope) must be distinguished from a vague wish; NT hope is confident expectation anchored in a person, not a future state or teaching.
Myths And Endless Genealogies
Approved rendering: दंतकथा व अंतहीन वंशावळी
Transliteration: dantkathā va antahīn vaṃśāvaḷī
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι (1:4). दंतकथा must be handled carefully given Maharashtra’s rich Puranic genealogies and Warkari sant-lineages; the point is that speculative teaching must not displace sound apostolic doctrine, not that traditional narrative is worthless.
Shipwrecked Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासाच्या बाबतीत जहाज फुटल्यासारखे झाले
Transliteration: viśvāsācyā bābatīt jahāj phuṭlyāsārkhe jhāle
Doctrine: Church Discipline / Faith
Original: περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐναυάγησαν
Category: Faith
NEW. περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐναυάγησαν (1:19). Vivid nautical metaphor renders naturally in Marathi; ensure the theological point (catastrophic loss of genuine faith, not mere difficulty) is not lost.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: विश्वसनीय वचन
Transliteration: viśvasanīya vacan
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith
NEW. πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (1:15; 3:1; 4:9), a fixed formula marking core, memorizable apostolic teaching. Builds on baseline विश्वास root; must not be flattened to a mere proverb-introduction.
Kings And All In High Positions
Approved rendering: राजे आणि उच्च पदावरील सर्व लोक
Transliteration: rāje āṇi ucca padāvarīl sarva lok
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: βασιλεῖς καὶ πάντων τῶν ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ὄντων
Category: Public Worship
NEW. βασιλεῖς καὶ πάντων τῶν ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ὄντων (2:2). Parallels the baseline’s Romans 13 civil-authority handling (native speaker review, not theologian).
Full Knowledge Of The Truth
Approved rendering: सत्याचे ज्ञान
Transliteration: satyāce jñān
Doctrine: Universal Scope of the Gospel / The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
NEW. ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (2:4). ज्ञान risks resonance with Hindu jñāna-mārga or Buddhist prajña (self-attained mystical insight); must be clarified as recognition of gospel truth received by faith and openly revealed by God, distinguished from खोट्या नावाचे ज्ञान (6:20).
Respectable Apparel Modesty Self Control
Approved rendering: सभ्य वेशभूषा, लज्जा, संयम
Transliteration: sabhya veśbhūṣā, lajjā, saṃyam
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: κόσμιος, αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη
Category: Public Worship
NEW. κόσμιος, αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη (2:9). Maharashtra’s own dress-based status markers (sari styles, gold, mangalsutra) differ sharply from first-century markers; teach the timeless principle (inward character over ostentatious display), not first-century specifics as literal rules.
Forbid Marriage And Foods
Approved rendering: लग्नास मनाई करणे … अन्नापासून दूर राहण्यास सांगणे
Transliteration: lagnās manāī karṇe … annāpāsūn dūr rāhaṇyās sāṅgaṇe
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine against Ascetic False Teaching
Original: κωλυόντων γαμεῖν … ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. κωλυόντων γαμεῖν … ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων (4:3). Relevant given Hindu sannyasa and Buddhist ascetic/dietary discipline; teach that binding these as spiritually necessary contradicts the goodness of God’s creation, not that celibacy or fasting are inherently wrong (Paul elsewhere commends singleness).
Seared Conscience
Approved rendering: डागलेला विवेक
Transliteration: ḍāgalelā vivek
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine against Ascetic False Teaching
Original: κεκαυστηριασμένη συνείδησις
Category: Sin
NEW. κεκαυστηριασμένη συνείδησις (4:2). Builds on विवेक (conscience, established at 1:5); the branding-iron metaphor should be preserved if natural, or explained via translator note.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: हात ठेवणे
Transliteration: hāt ṭhevaṇe
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν (4:14; 5:22). Concrete, low-collision-risk ritual-action phrase since hand-laying is not itself a competing rite in Hindu/Buddhist tradition. Reinforces the tested-before-appointed principle central to 3:6,10.
Enroll As A Widow
Approved rendering: विधवांच्या यादीत नोंद करणे
Transliteration: vidhavāṃcyā yādīt nond karṇe
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: καταλέγω
Category: Household of Faith
NEW. καταλέγω (5:9,11), a genuine vocabulary gap — no existing Marathi religious term for this formal registration practice. Explain as a structured ministry mechanism, not a status/rank comparable to sainthood or asceticism.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: भविष्यवाणी
Transliteration: bhaviṣyavāṇī
Doctrine: Fulfillment/Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: भविष्यफल
Original: προφητεία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:18; 4:14.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: उपकारस्तुती
Transliteration: upakārastutī
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:1 (thanksgiving in prayer for authorities) and 4:3-4 (thanksgiving for food received).
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्तेजन देणे
Transliteration: uttejan deṇe
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:3; 2:1; 5:1; 6:2; context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement.
Gentle Not Quarrelsome
Approved rendering: सौम्य, भांडणविरहित
Transliteration: saumya, bhāṇḍaṇvirahit
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἐπιεικής / ἄμαχος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. ἐπιεικής / ἄμαχος (3:3). Peaceableness required given the letter’s concern about controversies (1:4; 6:4).
Drunkard Violent
Approved rendering: मद्यपी, मारका / भांडखोर
Transliteration: madyapī, mārkā / bhāṇḍakhor
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πάροινος / πλήκτης
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. πάροινος / πλήκτης (3:3). Disqualifying vices; leadership must be marked by restraint, not aggression.
Good Testimony From Outsiders
Approved rendering: बाहेरील लोकांकडून चांगली साक्ष
Transliteration: bāherīl lokāṃkaḍūn cāṅglī sākṣ
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: μαρτυρίαν καλὴν … ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. μαρτυρία καλή ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν (3:7). The overseer’s life is observed and evaluated by the surrounding non-Christian community, relevant in a pluralistic Maharashtra context of Hindu, Warkari, and Buddhist neighbors.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: दुतोंडी / कपटी
Transliteration: dutoṇḍī / kapaṭī
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: δίλογος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. δίλογος (3:8). Especially relevant to a deacon’s handling of church resources/messages between people.
Worthy Of Wages
Approved rendering: मजूर आपल्या मजुरीस पात्र आहे
Transliteration: majūr āplyā majurīs pātra āhe
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ
Category: Household of Faith
NEW. ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ (5:18, citing Deut 25:4). A natural cultural bridge using an agrarian metaphor familiar in rural Maharashtra; low collision risk.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Hospitable
Approved rendering: आतिथ्यशील
Transliteration: ātithyaśīl
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. φιλόξενος (3:2). Positive cultural resonance across Maharashtra’s religious traditions (atithi devo bhava); care must be taken that this overlap is not read as endorsing hospitality as religious merit-earning rather than gospel-motivated service.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Slanderer Adjectival
Approved rendering: निंदक
Transliteration: nindak
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: सैतान
Original: διάβολος / διάβολοι (adjectival)
Category: Sin
NEW. διάβολος/διάβολοι used adjectivally of human malicious speech (3:11) — the deliberate Greek wordplay with ‘the devil’ (3:6-7) is lost in Marathi; flag via translator note rather than attempting reconstruction. Must NOT render as सैतान, which would wrongly imply demonic identity rather than the human vice of gossip.
Teachings Of Demons
Approved rendering: दुष्ट आत्म्यांच्या शिकवणी
Transliteration: duṣṭa ātmyāṃcyā śikvaṇī
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine against Ascetic False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: भूतांच्या शिकवणी
Original: διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Sin
NEW. διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων (4:1). Avoid भूत (folk ghost/possession-spirit), which would trivialize the concept into rural folk-possession categories; दुष्ट आत्मा (‘evil spirit’) is preferred, kept lexically distinct from पवित्र आत्मा (Holy Spirit, Critical).
Referenced passages