Semantic Analysis — Acts (Full Book), English → Marathi

Methodology and Scope

This analysis follows the PRD Phase 1 Step 1 mandate: full-book coverage of Acts, chapter 1 through chapter 28, in the original Koine Greek. The core passage, Acts 2:1–41 (Pentecost and Peter’s sermon), receives verse-by-verse treatment. Every other chapter receives a chapter-level section covering its load-bearing theological terms with the same analytical fields. Chapters that introduce no new theological vocabulary beyond what has already been analyzed are stated explicitly as such — never silently omitted.

Governing rule: any term already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json MUST be reused with its exact recorded Marathi rendering. This analysis does not re-derive those renderings; it cites them and notes new contextual nuance where Acts uses them differently than Romans does. New terms required by Acts (not present in the Romans baseline) are analyzed fully here and carried into 08_core_glossary.md for registration.

Each term entry provides: Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants (KJV/ESV/NIV family) | Contextual theological meaning | Marathi rendering | Destination-language risk tier.

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PART A — CORE PASSAGE: Acts 2:1–41 (Verse-by-Verse)

Acts 2:1

“When the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
Pentecost	πεντηκοστή	pentēkostē	”fiftieth”	The Jewish Feast of Weeks (Shavuot), 50 days after Passover, originally a harvest/Torah-giving festival	Pentecost	The historical Jewish calendar feast on which the Spirit was poured out, fulfilling OT pattern (harvest of firstfruits; giving of the Law at Sinai now paralleled by giving of the Spirit)	पेन्तेकोस्त (transliteration, retained as proper festival name)	Medium — must be explained as a specific, one-time-fulfilled Jewish feast day, not a generic “Spirit festival”; no native Marathi festival label should be substituted (do not render descriptively as a generic “utsav”)
with one accord, in one place	ὁμοῦ / ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό	homou / epi to auto	”together, at the same [place]“	Unity of assembly, one location and one mind	together, in one place, with one accord	The gathered believing community, unified before the Spirit falls — communal, not individual, reception	एकत्र, एका ठिकाणी	Low

Acts 2:2

“And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
sound	ἦχος	ēchos	noise, sound, echo	Audible phenomenon	sound, noise	Divine auditory sign accompanying the Spirit’s coming, echoing Sinai’s theophany	आवाज	Low
rushing mighty wind	πνοή…βιαίας	pnoē…biaias	”violent breath/blowing”	Wind as a symbol closely tied to πνεῦμα (Spirit/breath) elsewhere	rushing mighty wind, violent wind	Wordplay: the same root idea (breath/wind/spirit) that names the Holy Spirit is dramatized physically; not a natural storm but a theophanic sign	प्रचंड वाऱ्यासारखा आवाज	Medium — translator note recommended flagging the Greek wind/Spirit wordplay, since Marathi वारा (wind) and आत्मा (Spirit) do not share a root the way πνοή and πνεῦμα do

Acts 2:3

“And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
tongues (of fire)	γλῶσσαι	glōssai	tongues (physical organ or flame-shape); also = “languages”	Flame-shaped visual sign here; elsewhere in this same passage the identical word means “languages” (2:4,11)	tongues, flames, tongues of fire	Visible sign resting individually on each believer, signaling that each person — not a single leader — receives the Spirit; sets up the wordplay with “other tongues” in v.4	अग्नीसारख्या विभागलेल्या जिभा	High — Greek uses one word (γλῶσσα) for both the flame-shape here and “language” in v.4; this pun is invisible in Marathi (जीभ = physical tongue/flame shape vs भाषा = language) and must be flagged with a translator note so the connection is not lost for the reader

Acts 2:4

“And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
filled	ἐπλήσθησαν	eplēsthēsan	”were filled/saturated”	Complete Spirit-empowerment, recurring Acts refrain (4:8,31; 6:3; 13:9)	filled	Total, sovereign saturation by the Spirit enabling bold speech — not a self-attained meditative or trance state	(पवित्र आत्म्याने) भरलेले	High — must not be assimilated to Hindu/folk trance-possession idiom (“अंगात येणे,” where a deity or spirit is said to “come upon” a person in an involuntary, often ecstatic-frenzy state) nor to yogic/tantric altered-consciousness attainment; this filling is the personal Holy Spirit’s own sovereign act on ordinary, conscious believers
Holy Ghost/Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον	pneuma hagion	—	—	Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit	—	पवित्र आत्मा	Critical — REUSE baseline term exactly; never परमात्मा or ब्रह्म
other tongues	ἑτέραις γλώσσαις	heterais glōssais	”different/other languages”	Real, identifiable human languages (confirmed by the nations list, vv.9-11), not unintelligible ecstatic utterance	other tongues, other languages	Miraculous speech in genuine foreign languages the speakers had never learned, so that every hearer heard “the wonderful works of God” in his own tongue	इतर भाषा / परभाषा	High — must be rendered so as to mean actual foreign human languages (xenolalia), distinguished both from भाषा used for ordinary speech and from ecstatic trance-speech associated with local spirit-possession or tantric mantra practice; a translator note is required distinguishing this from “speaking in an unknown tongue” as popularly imagined
utterance	ἀποφθέγγεσθαι	apophthengesthai	”to declare, speak out clearly/authoritatively”	Solemn, weighty proclamation (used of oracles)	gave them utterance, enabled them to speak	The Spirit himself supplies both the languages and the content — divine initiative, not human eloquence	स्पष्टपणे बोलण्याचे सामर्थ्य (देणे)	Medium

Acts 2:5

“And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
devout	εὐλαβεῖς	eulabeis	”reverent, taking care [in religious duty]“	Piety expressed in careful observance	devout, God-fearing	Faithful diaspora Jews gathered for the feast, the initial hearers	धार्मिक / भक्तिपरायण	Medium — avoid भक्त/भक्ति-forward terms that would suggest specifically Warkari-style bhakti devotion to a chosen personal deity; here it denotes conscientious Jewish piety toward the one God
every nation under heaven	παντὸς ἔθνους τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν	pantos ethnous tōn hypo ton ouranon	”every nation under the sky”	Universal geographic/ethnic scope	every nation under heaven	Foreshadows the gospel’s later spread to all ἔθνη (Gentiles/nations); sets up Acts’ Jew-then-Gentile trajectory	आकाशाखालील प्रत्येक राष्ट्र	Medium

Acts 2:6

“Now when this was noised abroad, the multitude came together, and were confounded, because that every man heard them speak in his own language.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
confounded	συνεχύθη	synechythē	”was thrown into confusion/stirred together”	Bewilderment, disorientation	confounded, bewildered	The crowd’s astonished reaction — sign confirms rather than merely displays	गोंधळले	Low
own language/dialect	διάλεκτος	dialektos	”manner of speech, dialect”	Native tongue/regional dialect	own language, native tongue	Confirms the miracle was real, comprehensible language, not gibberish	स्वतःची भाषा / मातृभाषा	Medium (paired with the “other tongues” risk above)

Acts 2:7–8

“And they were all amazed and marvelled…are not all these which speak Galilaeans? And how hear we every man in our own tongue, wherein we were born?”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
amazed, marvelled	ἐξίσταντο, ἐθαύμαζον	existanto, ethaumazon	”stood outside themselves,” “wondered”	Astonishment bordering on shock	amazed, astonished, marveled	Emphasizes the sheer impossibility of unlearned Galileans speaking these languages — divine, not human, cause	आश्चर्यचकित झाले	Low
Galilaeans	Γαλιλαῖοι	Galilaioi	inhabitants of Galilee	Regional/ethnic identity, associated with rustic/uneducated status	Galilaeans	Highlights the socially unlikely instruments God chose — a recurring Acts theme (cf. Acts 4:13)	गालीलकर	Low

Acts 2:9–11

List of nations; “we do hear them speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
wonderful works of God	τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ	ta megaleia tou theou	”the great/magnificent things of God”	God’s mighty acts, especially in salvation history	wonderful works, mighty deeds	The content of the Spirit-given speech is doxological proclamation of God’s saving acts, not private ecstatic experience	देवाची महान कृत्ये	Medium — keep content-focused (God’s acts), not experience-focused, to avoid reading this as devotee testimony of personal religious ecstasy
nations list (Parthians, Medes, Elamites, etc.)	—	—	—	Proper geographic/ethnic names	(as listed)	Establishes universal scope from the very first Christian proclamation — Jew and Gentile-adjacent diaspora together	(transliterated proper names)	Low

Acts 2:12–13

“They were all amazed, and were in doubt… Others mocking said, These men are full of new wine.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
perplexed	διηπόρουν	diēporoun	”were utterly at a loss”	Deep confusion, seeking explanation	were perplexed, were in doubt	Sets up Peter’s explanatory sermon that follows	गोंधळून गेले	Low
mocking, “full of new wine”	χλευάζοντες…γλεύκους μεστοί	chleuazontes…gleukous mestoi	”sneering…full of sweet new wine”	Scoffing accusation of drunkenness	mocking, sneering, “full of new wine”	The false explanation Peter must refute (v.15); ironic foil to true Spirit-fullness in v.4	थट्टा करत, “नवीन द्राक्षारसाने धुंद”	Low

Acts 2:14–15

“Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice…these are not drunken, as ye suppose, seeing it is but the third hour of the day.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
stood up, lifted up his voice	ἀπεφθέγξατο	apephthenxato	”declared solemnly” (same root as v.4’s “utterance”)	Formal, authoritative public address	lifted up his voice, declared	Peter’s first public apostolic sermon — the pattern for gospel proclamation throughout Acts	उभा राहून मोठ्याने बोलू लागला	Low
third hour	τρίτη ὥρα	tritē hōra	9 a.m.	Jewish time-reckoning	third hour, nine in the morning	Grounds the event in verifiable, ordinary history (too early for drunkenness) — anti-mythological realism	सकाळचे नऊ वाजले होते (तिसरा तास)	Low

Acts 2:16–18

“But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel… I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy…”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
this is that which was spoken	τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον	touto estin to eirēmenon	”this is what was said/spoken”	Formal fulfillment-citation formula	this is that, this fulfills	Prophecy-fulfillment doctrine anchor for Pentecost — a linear, one-time historical fulfillment, not a repeatable cyclical event	हेच ते आहे जे सांगितले होते	High — REUSE fulfillment-of-prophecy framework from baseline (fulfillment_of_prophecy); must not read as one instance in an ongoing cyclical pattern (cf. Hindu yuga cycles or Buddhist dependent-origination’s non-final events)
last days	ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις	en tais eschatais hēmerais	”in the final/last days”	Eschatological inauguration, the Messianic age begun	in the last days, in these last days	Signals the decisive turn of redemptive history has begun with Christ’s exaltation and the Spirit’s coming	शेवटल्या दिवसांत	High — must be conveyed as history moving toward a definite consummation, not cyclical cosmic time
pour out	ἐκχεῶ	ekcheō	”I will pour out”	Lavish, sovereign, one-directional giving	pour out, pour forth	God’s own initiative in giving the Spirit — gift, not something attained through effort or ritual	(माझा आत्मा) ओतीन	High — this “outpouring” must be preserved as sovereign, gracious divine gift (parallel to कृपा), never rendered as something a devotee draws down through devotional technique or merit
my Spirit	τὸ πνεῦμά μου	to pneuma mou	—	—	my Spirit	—	माझा आत्मा (referring to पवित्र आत्मा)	Critical — reuse
upon all flesh	ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα	epi pasan sarka	”upon all humanity”	Universal, not restricted to priests/prophets/elite	upon all flesh, on all people	Democratization of the Spirit’s presence across all believers, sons/daughters, young/old, servants — directly relevant to caste/class egalitarianism in the Marathi context	सर्व मानवजातीवर	High — connects to universal_scope_of_gospel (baseline); render so the “all” is unmistakably unqualified across social status
prophesy	προφητεύσουσιν	prophēteusousin	”shall prophesy”	Spirit-inspired declaration	shall prophesy	Reuse baseline भविष्यवाणी (noun) + करणे (verb)	भविष्यवाणी करतील	Low — reuse
servants, handmaidens	δούλους, δούλας	doulous, doulas	male/female slaves or servants	Lowest social rank included explicitly	servants, handmaidens, menservants, maidservants	The Spirit is given even to slaves — an explicit reversal of social hierarchy, highly resonant given Maharashtra’s caste history	सेवक व सेविका	High — must be rendered plainly as low-status servants/slaves receiving the Spirit equally, reinforcing (not softening) the doctrine’s social levelling force

Acts 2:19–20

“I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath…The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood…”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
wonders	τέρατα	terata	”portents, marvels”	Awe-inspiring signs pointing beyond themselves	wonders	Cosmic signs accompanying the eschatological “day of the Lord”	अद्भुते	Medium
signs	σημεῖα	sēmeia	”signs, indicators”	Evidentiary markers of divine action	signs	Paired with “wonders” throughout Acts as the standard formula for apostolic/divine confirming acts	चिन्हे	Medium
the great and notable day of the Lord	ἡμέραν κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ	hēmeran kyriou tēn megalēn kai epiphanē	”the great and manifest/glorious day of the Lord”	Eschatological day of divine visitation/judgment	the great and notable day of the Lord	Points forward to final judgment/consummation — linear eschatology	प्रभूचा महान व प्रकट दिवस	High

Acts 2:21

“And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
whosoever	πᾶς ὃς ἄν	pas hos an	”everyone who”	Unrestricted, universal offer	whosoever, everyone who	Foundational universality text for the whole book of Acts (echoed at 10:34-35; 15:9; Romans 10:13)	जो कोणी	Critical — REUSE universal_scope_of_gospel framework; must never be qualified by caste, ethnicity, or status
call on the name of the Lord	ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου	epikalesētai to onoma kyriou	”call upon/invoke the name of the Lord”	Confession-invocation formula, calling out for rescue to a personal, present Lord	call on the name of the Lord	Distinguished from repetitive devotional name-chanting (see नामस्मरण note below); this is a personal cry of faith to the one Lord for deliverance, made once, not a repeated meditative practice	प्रभूच्या नावाने हाक मारील	Critical — great care needed: Warkari bhakti centers on नामस्मरण (repetitive chanting/remembrance of Vitthal’s or Rama’s name as a devotional-meritorious practice). “Calling on the name of the Lord” here is NOT a repeatable devotional technique generating merit or spiritual power, but a decisive appeal of faith to the one true, exclusive Lord (प्रभू, per baseline); translator note required
saved	σωθήσεται	sōthēsetai	”will be saved”	—	shall be saved	—	तारण पावेल	Critical — REUSE तारण; never मोक्ष/मुक्ती/निर्वाण

Acts 2:22

“Ye men of Israel, hear these words; Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved of God among you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God did by him in the midst of you.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
approved of God	ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ	apodedeigmenon apo tou theou	”publicly demonstrated/certified by God”	Public divine attestation/vindication	approved, attested, accredited	God himself publicly authenticated Jesus’ identity through his works — not self-declared status	देवाने प्रमाणित केलेला	High
miracles, wonders, signs	δυνάμεσι καὶ τέρασι καὶ σημείοις	dynamesi kai terasi kai sēmeiois	”works of power, portents, and signs”	Threefold standard formula for divine confirming acts throughout Acts	mighty works, miracles, wonders, signs	Establishes the pattern later repeated for apostolic ministry (apostolic_authority_and_miracles); divine sामर्थ्य (power), never generic magic	सामर्थ्यशाली कृत्ये, अद्भुते व चिन्हे	High — REUSE baseline power_of_god (सामर्थ्य, never शक्ती) for δύναμις; distinguish from जादूटोणा (sorcery, cf. Simon Magus in ch.8)

Acts 2:23

“Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
determinate counsel and foreknowledge	ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει	hōrismenē boulē kai prognōsei	”fixed/determined plan and foreknowledge”	Sovereign divine planning combined with genuine human responsibility	determinate counsel, foreordained plan	God’s sovereign plan and human guilt held together without contradiction — an important providence text	देवाच्या निश्चित योजनेप्रमाणे व पूर्वज्ञानाप्रमाणे	High — REUSE providence (देवाचे विधान) framework; must be phrased so it does not resemble the karma-based “everything is fated” explanation of misfortune that Ambedkarite Buddhist communities specifically rejected — here the emphasis is God’s purposeful redemptive plan, not impersonal fate, and it coexists with real human wickedness/guilt
crucified and slain	προσπήξαντες ἀνείλατε	prospēxantes aneilate	”having fastened [to the cross], you killed”	Historical, violent execution	crucified and slew, put to death	Real historical death, prerequisite for the resurrection claim that follows	वधस्तंभावर खिळून जिवे मारले	High

Acts 2:24

“Whom God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
raised up	ἀνέστησεν	anestēsen	”raised up, caused to stand again”	Root of ἀνάστασις (resurrection)	raised up	Same historical, bodily raising established in the Romans baseline	उठवले (पुनरुत्थान)	Critical — REUSE पुनरुत्थान; never पुनर्जन्म or पुनर्भव
loosed the pains of death	λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου	lysas tas ōdinas tou thanatou	”having released the birth-pangs/agonies of death”	Death pictured as labor-pains that could not hold him	loosed the pains/pangs of death	Vivid image: death’s grip decisively broken, once for all — not a cycle of death-and-rebirth continuing	मरणाचे बंधन तोडले	Critical — must not evoke a cycle image (avoid phrasing that could suggest death/rebirth as an ongoing wheel); this is a one-time decisive breaking

Acts 2:25–28

Quotation of Psalm 16: “I foresaw the Lord always before my face…my flesh also shall rest in hope: because thou wilt not leave my soul in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
hell (Hades)	ᾅδης	hadēs	realm of the dead	The abode of the dead in Jewish/Greek thought, not a place of eternal torment per se in this context	hell, Hades, the grave, the realm of the dead	Christ’s soul was not abandoned to the state of death	अधोलोक / मृतलोक	High — must not be rendered with a Hindu term for the underworld realm of rebirth-transition (e.g., avoid terms tied to यमलोक transmigration imagery); render as the neutral “realm/abode of the dead”
corruption	διαφθοράν	diaphthoran	decay, decomposition	Bodily decomposition	corruption, decay	Christ’s body did not decay — bodily, historical resurrection, not merely spiritual survival	कुजण्याची (अवस्था)	High — reinforces bodily-resurrection doctrine; must not be softened into a merely spiritual/symbolic claim
Holy One	τὸν ὅσιόν σου	ton hosion sou	”your holy/devout one”	Messianic title drawn from the Psalm	thine Holy One	Applied typologically to Christ	तुझा पवित्र जन	High

Acts 2:29–31

“David…being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him…he seeing this before spake of the resurrection of Christ.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
patriarch	πατριάρχης	patriarchēs	”father-ruler,” ancestral head	Honored ancestor-founder	patriarch	Establishes David’s historical, genealogical significance for the Davidic covenant argument	कुलपिता	Medium — reuse baseline davidic_covenant framework
sworn with an oath	ὅρκῳ ὤμοσεν	horkō ōmosen	”swore with an oath”	Binding, covenantal promise	swore with an oath	Reuse baseline करार (covenant) concept — binding relational promise, not a vague blessing	शपथेने वचन दिले	High
resurrection of Christ	ἀνάστασιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ	anastasin tou Christou	—	—	resurrection of the Christ/Messiah	—	ख्रिस्ताचे पुनरुत्थान	Critical — reuse exactly

Acts 2:32

“This Jesus hath God raised up, whereof we all are witnesses.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
witnesses	μάρτυρες	martyres	”witnesses” (root of English “martyr”)	Eyewitness testifiers; in Acts increasingly linked with willingness to suffer/die for the testimony	witnesses	Foundational term for the doctrine “Persecution and Bold Witness”; the apostles testify to a historical, verifiable event, not a private mystical experience	साक्षीदार	High — establish early; this term recurs across the whole book (Acts 1:8; 5:32; 22:15; 26:16, etc.) and must be rendered consistently as साक्षीदार (witness/testifier), with the semantic shift toward “one who testifies even at cost of life” made explicit by the time of Stephen’s death (ch.7)

Acts 2:33

“Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
exalted	ὑψωθείς	hypsōtheis	”having been lifted up/exalted”	Enthronement, elevation to supreme honor and rule	exalted, lifted up	Christ’s ascension-enthronement, the basis of his authority to give the Spirit	उंचावलेला / गौरवाप्रत नेलेला	High — connects to reused glory (गौरव)
promise of the Holy Ghost	τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος	tēn epangelian tou hagiou pneumatos	”the promise of the Holy Spirit”	The Father’s covenanted gift	promise of the Holy Ghost/Spirit	Reuse पवित्र आत्मा; pair with new term “gift of the Holy Spirit” (v.38)	पवित्र आत्म्याचे वचन	High
shed forth	ἐξέχεεν	execheen	”poured out”	Same root as ἐκχεῶ in v.17	poured out, shed forth	Christ himself, now exalted, is the one actively pouring out the Spirit — Christological confirmation	ओतले	High — reuse “outpouring” rendering established in v.17

Acts 2:34–35

Quotation of Psalm 110: “The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, until I make thy foes thy footstool.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
my Lord	τῷ κυρίῳ μου	tō kyriō mou	—	—	my Lord	Messianic proof-text for Christ’s deity/lordship, distinct from “the LORD” (YHWH) who speaks	माझ्या प्रभूला	Critical — reuse प्रभू; the double “Lord…Lord” distinction (YHWH and Messiah) is theologically load-bearing for lordship_of_christ and should be clarified with a translator note if Marathi capitalization/context does not make the distinction as clear as in English

Acts 2:36

“Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
Lord and Christ	κύριον καὶ Χριστόν	kyrion kai Christon	—	—	Lord and Christ	The climactic double confession of the sermon: exclusive supreme authority (Lord) plus the promised Messiah (Christ)	प्रभू व ख्रिस्त	Critical — reuse प्रभू (Lord) exactly per baseline; reuse ख्रिस्त (Christ, per the 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standard) and मसीहा (Messiah) as needed for context; this is the theological summit of the sermon and the confessional consistency rule from the baseline (same rendering across all documents) applies here as strongly as to Romans 10:9

Acts 2:37

“Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
pricked in their heart	κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν	katenygēsan tēn kardian	”were pierced/stabbed in the heart”	Deep emotional-spiritual conviction	were pricked in their heart, were cut to the heart	Conviction of sin produced by the Spirit through the word — precedes and enables repentance	अंतःकरणात टोचल्यासारखे वाटले	High — the effect leading into repentance; care that this is conviction of genuine moral guilt before a personal God, not a caste/birth-based guilt echo (see universal_human_accountability)
what shall we do?	τί ποιήσωμεν	ti poiēsōmen	”what should we do?”	Urgent existential question	what shall we do?	Sets up Peter’s answer (repent, be baptized) — the paradigm conversion-response question of the whole book	आम्ही काय करावे?	Low

Acts 2:38

“Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
repent	μετανοήσατε	metanoēsate	”change your mind/heart”	Turning from sin to God — reorientation of the whole person, mind and will	repent, turn	Core doctrine “Repentance and Baptism”: inward turning to God, prerequisite to and inseparable from faith	पश्चात्ताप करा	High/Critical — must be distinguished both from Hindu प्रायश्चित्त (ritual/ascetic expiation performed to cancel karmic sin-debt through one’s own austerity or pilgrimage) and from the Buddhist practice of acknowledging unwholesome karma and resolving self-correction without reference to a personal God; biblical repentance is a Spirit-enabled turning to a personal God who forgives, not a self-performed penitential technique that earns removal of guilt
be baptized	βαπτισθήτω	baptisthētō	”be immersed/baptized”	Ritual water immersion marking entry into the believing community, in the earliest church normally by immersion	be baptized	Public, once-for-all sign of repentance/faith and union with Christ’s death and resurrection (cf. Romans 6, baseline)	बाप्तिस्मा घ्या	High — established Marathi Christian transliteration बाप्तिस्मा must be retained; must be explained as NOT a purificatory ritual bath earning merit (contrast Hindu तीर्थस्नान/गंगास्नान, ritual bathing in sacred rivers for purification or merit) but a sign of what God has already done in response to repentance and faith
in the name of Jesus Christ	ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	epi tō onomati Iēsou Christou	”upon/in the name of Jesus Christ”	Authoritative invocation, identification, and ownership	in the name of Jesus Christ	Baptism is performed under Christ’s authority and marks the convert as belonging to him — not a self-powered mantra-formula	येशू ख्रिस्ताच्या नावाने	Critical — this “name” formula recurs constantly in Acts (3:6; 4:12; 16:18; 19:13-17) and must never be rendered so as to suggest a repeatable devotional-power formula comparable to Warkari नामस्मरण (repetitive name-chanting for merit/blessing) or a magical incantation (cf. the sons of Sceva’s failed imitation, Acts 19:13-16, and Simon Magus, ch.8); it denotes personal authority and belonging, invoked in genuine faith
remission of sins	ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν	aphesin tōn hamartiōn	”release/forgiveness of sins”	Full forgiveness, debt cancelled	remission of sins, forgiveness of sins	Reuse baseline पाप (sin); new compound term needed for “remission/forgiveness”	पापांची क्षमा	High — must be framed as forgiveness graciously granted by God through Christ, not a karmic debt gradually “worked off” through merit or penance
gift of the Holy Ghost	δωρεὰν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος	dōrean tou hagiou pneumatos	”the free gift of the Holy Spirit”	The indwelling Spirit himself given to every believer, distinct from specific charismatic enablements	gift of the Holy Ghost/Spirit	Distinct from spiritual_gifts (आत्मिक कृपादान = charismata for ministry, baseline); this is the Spirit’s own indwelling presence granted at conversion, universally to believers	पवित्र आत्म्याचे दान	High — new term; must be clearly differentiated in the glossary from आत्मिक कृपादान so translators do not conflate “receiving the Spirit” (this verse) with “receiving a spiritual gift/charisma” (Romans 12; Acts 1 Corinthians pattern)

Acts 2:39

“For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
the promise	ἡ ἐπαγγελία	hē epangelia	—	Covenant promise (of the Spirit and salvation)	the promise	Extends beyond the immediate Jewish audience to future generations and “all afar off” — Gentile inclusion anticipated	वचन	High
all that are afar off	πᾶσιν τοῖς εἰς μακράν	pasin tois eis makran	”all those at a distance”	Geographically and covenantally distant peoples — early signal of Gentile inclusion	all that are afar off	Anticipates the doctrine “The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles,” fully unfolded in chs. 10-15	दूर असलेल्या सर्वांना	High — reuse unity_of_jews_and_gentiles framework from baseline
shall call	προσκαλέσηται	proskalesētai	”shall call/summon to himself”	Sovereign, effectual divine summons	shall call	Reuse baseline बोलावलेले/पाचारण (called/calling); God’s initiative, not human religious seeking	बोलावील	High — reuse baseline divine_calling distinction from devotee-initiated seeking (e.g., undertaking pilgrimage by one’s own devotion)

Acts 2:40

“And with many other words did he testify and exhort, saying, Save yourselves from this untoward generation.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
testify	διεμαρτύρατο	diemartyrato	”solemnly testified” (same root as μάρτυς, witness)	Formal, weighty testimony	testified, solemnly witnessed	Reinforces witness doctrine established in v.32	साक्ष दिली	High — reuse साक्षीदार root
exhort	παρεκάλει	parekalei	—	—	exhorted, urged	Reuse baseline उत्तेजन देणे/विनंती (exhort), here in the urging/entreaty sense	विनंती केली	Low — reuse
untoward/crooked generation	γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς	geneas skolias	”crooked/perverse generation”	Moral corruption of the age	untoward generation, crooked generation	Calls for decisive separation, echoing OT prophetic critique	ह्या कुटिल पिढीपासून	Medium

Acts 2:41

“Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls.”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
gladly received	ἀσμένως ἀποδεξάμενοι	asmenōs apodexamenoi	”having joyfully welcomed/accepted”	Glad, willing reception of the message	gladly received, welcomed	Genuine faith-response preceding baptism — order matters (hear, believe, repent, be baptized)	आनंदाने स्वीकारले	Medium
were added	προσετέθησαν	prosetethēsan	”were added”	Incorporation into the believing community	were added	First instance of the doctrine “The Church as Community” — numerical growth is growth of a community, not merely individual conversions	जोडली गेली	High — establishes church as a real, countable, gathered community (मंडळी, baseline reuse), not a private spiritual status
three thousand souls	ψυχαὶ τρισχίλιαι	psychai trischiliai	”3,000 souls/persons”	Whole-person count	three thousand souls	Historical, verifiable claim; also the founding size of the first मंडळी	सुमारे तीन हजार जण	Low

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PART B — CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY, ACTS 1–28

Chapter 1 — Ascension and the Promise of the Spirit

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
power	δύναμιν	dynamin	”power/ability”	Enablement for mission (Acts 1:8)	power	”Ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you” — foundational Great-Commission-fulfillment verse	सामर्थ्य	High — REUSE power_of_god (सामर्थ्य, never शक्ती)
witnesses…to the uttermost part of the earth	μάρτυρες…ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς	martyres…heōs eschatou tēs gēs	”witnesses…to the end of the earth”	Programmatic mission statement structuring the whole book (Jerusalem→Judea/Samaria→ends of earth)	witnesses to the uttermost part of the earth	Master key-verse for “The Great Commission Fulfilled” doctrine; structures chapters 1-28 geographically	पृथ्वीच्या शेवटापर्यंत साक्षीदार	High — reuse साक्षीदार established above
ascended, taken up	ἀνελήμφθη	anelēmphthē	”was taken up”	Christ’s bodily ascension to heaven	was taken up, ascended	Distinguishes Christ’s unique ascension from any generic “departure of a holy man” motif	(स्वर्गात) घेतला गेला	High — must not be assimilated to any teacher’s death/departure narrative in local tradition; this is bodily ascension of the risen Lord to divine glory (गौरव, reuse)
casting lots	κλῆρον	klēron	”lot”	Ancient method of seeking God’s choice in a matter not yet clarified by the Spirit (before Pentecost)	cast lots	Matthias chosen to replace Judas; last instance of this pre-Pentecost decision method in Acts	चिठ्ठ्या टाकल्या	Medium — must not be equated with astrology/divination (ज्योतिष) or occult fortune-telling practices; distinguish as a form of seeking God’s will, quickly superseded after Pentecost by the Spirit’s direct guidance
apostleship	ἀποστολή	apostolē	—	—	apostleship	Reuse baseline प्रेषित/प्रेषितपण	प्रेषितपण	Medium — reuse

Chapter 2 (remainder: 2:42–47) — Life of the First Church

The core passage treatment above covers 2:1–41. Verses 42–47 complete the chapter and introduce the “Church as Community” doctrine’s founding description.

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
fellowship	κοινωνία	koinōnia	—	—	fellowship	Reuse baseline सहभागिता; here embodied in shared life, goods, and worship	सहभागिता	Low — reuse
breaking of bread	κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου	klasis tou artou	”the breaking of the loaf”	Shared communal meal, likely including the Lord’s Supper	breaking of bread	Regular, communal, Christ-centered table practice distinguishing the new community’s identity	भाकर मोडणे	Medium — new term; keep literal (“breaking of bread”) rather than substituting a generic “meal” word, to preserve continuity with the Lord’s Supper tradition
had all things common	εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά	eichon hapanta koina	”held everything in common”	Voluntary radical generosity within the believing community	had all things in common	Voluntary, Spirit-motivated sharing — not a compulsory economic system or caste-based mutual-aid network, but free grace-shaped generosity	सर्व वस्तू एकत्र ठेवल्या	Medium
fear (came upon every soul)	φόβος	phobos	reverential awe/fear	Awe before manifest divine power	fear, awe	Reverence generated by apostolic signs, not terror; distinct register from φόβος used of persecution later	(प्रत्येक जिवाला) भय वाटले	Medium — here render as reverential awe, not dread
the Lord added to the church	ὁ κύριος προσετίθει	ho kyrios prosetithei	”the Lord kept adding”	Church growth as God’s own sovereign act	the Lord added	Church growth attributed to Christ’s own action, not human recruitment strategy	प्रभूने मंडळीत मिळवत नेले	Medium

Chapter 3 — Healing at the Temple Gate; Peter’s Second Sermon

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, rise up and walk	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει	en tō onomati…egeire kai peripatei	—	—	in the name of Jesus Christ, rise up and walk	Continues the “name” authority-formula established at 2:38; healing power attributed entirely to Christ’s name/authority, not Peter’s own ability	येशू ख्रिस्ताच्या नावाने ऊठ आणि चाल	Critical — reuse “name” formula caution from 2:38
Prince/Author of life	ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς	archēgon tēs zōēs	”originator/pioneer/founder of life”	Source and champion of life, especially resurrection life	Prince of life, Author of life	Christological title uniting incarnation, death, and resurrection themes	जीवनाचा अधिपती/उगम	High
times of refreshing	καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως	kairoi anapsyxeōs	”seasons of cooling/relief”	Eschatological relief accompanying repentance	times of refreshing	Repentance brings relief now and anticipates final restoration	ताजेतवाने होण्याचे दिवस	Medium
restitution/restoration of all things	ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων	apokatastaseōs pantōn	”restoration of all things”	Final eschatological restoration promised through the prophets	restitution of all things, restoration of all things	Ties Acts’ eschatology to OT prophetic hope — linear fulfillment, not cyclical renewal	सर्व गोष्टींची पुनःस्थापना	High
blotted out (sins)	ἐξαλειφθῆναι (ἁμαρτίας)	exaleiphthēnai	”wiped away, erased”	Complete removal of guilt	blotted out	Parallel image to “remission of sins” (2:38)	पापे पुसली जावी	High — reuse forgiveness framework

Chapter 4 — Boldness, Persecution Begins, Exclusivity of Salvation

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
boldness/boldly	παρρησία / παρρησιάζομαι	parrēsia	”freedom/openness of speech,” frankness	Confident, unashamed public speech, especially under threat	boldness, spoke boldly	Central term for “Persecution and Bold Witness”; Spirit-given confidence, not natural courage or self-cultivated composure	धैर्य / धैर्याने बोलणे	High — must be tied explicitly to the Spirit’s empowerment (cf. 4:31, “filled with the Holy Ghost, and they spake the word of God with boldness”), not to a Buddhist-style self-cultivated equanimity or Stoic composure
no other name…whereby we must be saved	οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία…δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς	ouk estin en allō oudeni hē sōtēria…dei sōthēnai hēmas	”salvation is in no one else…we must be saved”	Absolute exclusivity claim	there is no other name…whereby we must be saved	The single most explicit exclusivity statement in Acts; must not be softened given Acts 2:21/10:34’s universality of invitation combined here with exclusivity of means	दुसऱ्या कोणत्याहि नावाने तारण नाही	Critical — reuse तारण; this verse must be translated with full, unqualified exclusivity (parallel to lordship_of_christ and salvation baseline cautions) — universal invitation (whosoever) plus singular means (no other name) must both stand without softening either side
council (Sanhedrin)	συνέδριον	synedrion	”sitting together,” ruling council	The Jewish supreme judicial-religious council in Jerusalem	council, Sanhedrin	Recurs throughout Acts (4-7, 22-23) as the seat of official opposition	न्यायसभा	Medium — avoid पंचायत (which carries local caste/village-council connotations in Maharashtra); न्यायसभा keeps this a specific historical Jewish judicial body
unlearned and ignorant men	ἀγράμματοί…καὶ ἰδιῶται	agrammatoi…kai idiōtai	”unlettered and untrained (laymen)“	Lacking formal rabbinic education	uneducated, unlearned, ordinary men	Highlights that boldness and effectiveness come from the Spirit, not formal credentials or social status — resonant for a socially marginalized readership	अशिक्षित व सामान्य मनुष्ये	Medium
great grace	χάρις…μεγάλη	charis…megalē	—	—	great grace	Reuse कृपा; grace described as resting visibly “upon them all” corporately	सर्वांवर मोठी कृपा	High — reuse grace cautions
one heart and one soul	καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία	kardia kai psychē mia	”one heart and soul”	Deep, Spirit-produced communal unity	of one heart and soul	Foundational “Church as Community” statement	एक अंतःकरण व एक जीव	Medium

Chapter 5 — Ananias and Sapphira; Apostolic Authority

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
lied to/tested the Holy Ghost	ψεύσασθαι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον / πειράσαι τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου	pseusasthai to pneuma to hagion	”to lie to the Holy Spirit”	Deception directed at God himself, not merely at the apostles/community	lied to the Holy Ghost, tested the Spirit of the Lord	Confirms the Spirit’s full, personal deity — sin against him is sin against God directly	पवित्र आत्म्याशी लबाडी करणे	Critical — reuse पवित्र आत्मा; reinforces personal deity of the Spirit, never an impersonal force one can merely “offend” abstractly
great fear	φόβος μέγας	phobos megas	—	—	great fear	Reuse from 2:43; here with a sterner, judicial register (divine judgment on deceit within the community)	मोठे भय	Medium
obey God rather than men	πειθαρχεῖν θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώποις	peitharchein theō mallon ē anthrōpois	”to obey God rather than men”	Statement of ultimate authority-priority	we ought to obey God rather than men	Core “Apostolic Authority” text — apostles’ authority derives from and submits to God, and supersedes human/religious-council authority when the two conflict	माणसांपेक्षा देवाची आज्ञा पाळली पाहिजे	High

Chapter 6 — Appointment of the Seven

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
serve tables	διακονεῖν τραπέζαις	diakonein trapezais	”to serve/minister at tables”	Practical, service-oriented ministry (root of “deacon”)	serve tables	Distinct but complementary to apostolic word-ministry; establishes a second recognized church office	मेजांची सेवा करणे	Medium — new term for the office later called deacon (डीकन/सेवक); church community’s practical care structure
full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom	πλήρεις πνεύματος [ἁγίου] καὶ σοφίας	plēreis pneumatos kai sophias	—	—	full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom	Qualification for church leadership combines Spirit-fullness (reuse) with practical wisdom	पवित्र आत्म्याने व ज्ञानाने भरलेला	Medium — reuse “filled” caution from 2:4

Chapter 7 — Stephen’s Speech and Death

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
stiffnecked	σκληροτράχηλοι	sklērotrachēloi	”hard/stiff of neck”	Stubborn resistance to God, OT covenant-breach idiom	stiffnecked, hard-hearted	Stephen’s climactic charge: Israel’s leaders resist the Spirit as their ancestors did	ताठ मानेचे	Medium
always resist the Holy Ghost	ἀεὶ τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε	aei tō pneumati tō hagiō antipiptete	”you always oppose the Holy Spirit”	Persistent rejection of the Spirit’s testimony	ye do always resist the Holy Ghost	Direct link between rejecting the prophetic word and rejecting the Spirit personally	तुम्ही नेहमी पवित्र आत्म्याला विरोध करता	High
the Just One / Righteous One	τὸν δίκαιον	ton dikaion	”the Righteous One”	Messianic title	the Just One, the Righteous One	Ties to reused नीतिमत्त्व root (righteousness); Christ as the definitive righteous one whom Israel betrayed	तो नीतिमान	High — reuse नीतिमत्त्व root, never धर्म-based rendering
Lord Jesus, receive my spirit	κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου	kyrie Iēsou, dexai to pneuma mou	—	—	Lord Jesus, receive my spirit	First Christian martyrdom prayer — witness (μάρτυς) now completed by death, fulfilling the semantic shift flagged at 2:32	प्रभू येशू, माझा आत्मा स्वीकार	Critical — reuse प्रभू; the moment where “witness” (साक्षीदार) and “martyr” senses converge historically — flag for translator note
lay not this sin to their charge	μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τὴν ἁμαρτίαν	mē stēsēs autois tautēn tēn hamartian	”do not hold this sin against them”	Prayer of forgiveness for persecutors	lay not this sin to their charge	Echoes Christ’s own words from the cross; models grace toward persecutors	हे पाप त्यांच्या माथी मारू नकोस	High

Chapter 8 — Philip in Samaria; Simon Magus; the Ethiopian Eunuch

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
sorcery	μαγεία / μαγεύων	mageia	practice of magical/occult arts	Occult manipulation of spiritual power for personal gain or status	sorcery, magic, bewitched	Simon’s prior occupation, contrasted with the freely-given, ungraspable power of the Spirit	जादूटोणा	High — highly relevant given living tantra/occult traditions in parts of India; must clearly contrast Spirit-given, ungraspable divine power (सामर्थ्य) with purchasable/manipulable occult power
thy money perish with thee	τὸ ἀργύριόν σου σὺν σοὶ εἴη εἰς ἀπώλειαν	to argyrion sou syn soi eiē eis apōleian	”may your silver perish with you”	Severe rebuke against attempting to buy spiritual power/gift	thy money perish with thee	Origin of “simony” — the sin of trying to purchase what only comes as free gift (कृपा/दान), directly reinforcing the grace-not-merit doctrine	तुझी चांदी तुझ्याबरोबर नष्ट होवो	High — reinforces कृपा (grace) as ungraspable, unpurchasable gift
Isaiah’s suffering servant (quoted)	—	—	—	OT prophecy applied directly to Jesus’ suffering	”He was led as a sheep to the slaughter…”	Confirms fulfillment_of_prophecy and messianic_promise frameworks in a Gentile-adjacent (Ethiopian) conversion context	(कोकऱ्यासारखा कापण्यास नेला)	High — reuse baseline messianic/prophecy cautions

Chapter 9 — Conversion of Saul/Paul

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
light from heaven	φῶς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	phōs ek tou ouranou	”a light out of heaven”	Sudden divine visitation/theophany	a light from heaven	Christ’s personal, sovereign initiative in Paul’s conversion — not the result of Paul’s own religious seeking	स्वर्गातून प्रकाश	High — core text for “Conversion of Paul” doctrine; must be presented as sovereign divine interruption, paralleling divine_calling’s emphasis on God’s initiative over devotee-initiated seeking
Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?	Σαοὺλ Σαούλ, τί με διώκεις;	Saoul Saoul, ti me diōkeis	—	—	Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?	Christ identifies himself personally with his persecuted church — the church’s suffering is Christ’s own	शौला, शौला, तू माझा छळ का करतोस?	Critical — direct identification of the risen, exalted Lord (लॉर्डशिप) with his suffering people
the Way	ἡ ὁδός	hē hodos	”the road/path”	Early self-designation of the Christian movement before “Christian” (11:26) became current	this way, the Way	Recurs at 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:14, 22 as the name for the whole Christian movement	तो मार्ग / “मार्गाचे अनुयायी”	High — extremely important collision risk: मार्ग (“the Way/Path”) is already a deeply loaded term in both Hindu tradition (भक्तिमार्ग, ज्ञानमार्ग, कर्ममार्ग — the “three paths/margs” to liberation) and Navayana Buddhism (अष्टांगिक मार्ग, the Noble Eightfold Path to one’s own enlightenment). “The Way” in Acts must be presented as trusting union with and following the risen, exclusive Lord Jesus — a relationship with a person, not a self-directed discipline or one path among several to a shared impersonal goal; translator note required every occurrence
chosen/elect vessel	σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς	skeuos eklogēs	”vessel of election/choosing”	Instrument set apart by God’s sovereign choice for a specific mission	chosen vessel	Reuse baseline देवाची निवड (election); applied here to Paul’s calling specifically	निवडलेले पात्र	High — reuse election framework; care that it does not read as karma/destiny-determined status
scales fell from his eyes	ἀπέπεσαν…ὡς λεπίδες	apepesan…hōs lepides	”fell off like scales”	Vivid image of restored sight/spiritual insight	scales fell from his eyes	Physical healing paired with spiritual illumination	खवल्यांसारखे काही पडले	Medium

Chapter 10 — Cornelius; Peter’s Vision; the Gospel Reaches Gentiles

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
common/unclean	κοινός	koinos	”common, ordinary” (by extension, ritually defiled in Jewish usage)	Ceremonial impurity under Mosaic dietary law	common, unclean, defiled	God declares no food (and by extension no person) ceremonially unclean under the new covenant — a direct assault on purity-based exclusion	अशुद्ध / सामान्य	CRITICAL — extremely sensitive rendering given Maharashtra’s Brahminical शुद्ध/अशुद्ध (pure/impure) caste-purity framework historically used to stigmatize and exclude Dalit communities, the very framework the 1956 Ambedkarite Buddhist conversion explicitly rejected. Peter’s vision must be translated so its liberating, boundary-breaking thrust is unmistakable: God himself declares that ceremonial-purity categories no longer bar anyone from full fellowship — this text supports, not undermines, the rejection of purity-based exclusion. Requires explicit translator/theologian note.
what God hath cleansed	ἃ ὁ θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν	ha ho theos ekatharisen	”what God has cleansed/purified”	Divine declaration of purity, sovereign and final	what God hath cleansed	God’s own declarative act settles the matter — not a ritual a person or caste must perform to achieve purity	देवाने जे शुद्ध केले	Critical — pairs with the term above
God is no respecter of persons	οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης ὁ θεός	ouk estin prosōpolēmptēs ho theos	”God is not a receiver/respecter of faces [status]“	Divine impartiality regardless of ethnicity, status, or social rank	God is no respecter of persons, God shows no partiality	Doctrinal climax of the Gentile-inclusion narrative — directly and explicitly opposes any hierarchy of spiritual worth by birth/status	देव पक्षपात करत नाही	Critical — reinforces universal_scope_of_gospel and unity_of_jews_and_gentiles; render with full, unqualified force
Lord of all	πάντων κύριος	pantōn kyrios	—	—	Lord of all	Reuse प्रभू; Christ’s lordship extends over Jew and Gentile alike, undivided	सर्वांचा प्रभू	Critical — reuse
Gentile Pentecost (Holy Ghost fell on all them)	ἐπέπεσεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον	epepesen to pneuma to hagion	”the Holy Spirit fell upon”	Same Spirit-outpouring pattern as Acts 2, now for Gentiles	the Holy Ghost fell on all them	Confirms Gentiles receive the identical gift on identical terms (faith), without circumcision or law-works — key evidence text for “Justification apart from the Law”	पवित्र आत्मा त्यांच्यावर उतरला	Critical — deliberate parallel to Acts 2; must read as confirming, not diminishing, full Gentile equality

Chapter 11 — Peter’s Defense; the Name “Christian”

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
granted repentance unto life	τὴν μετάνοιαν εἰς ζωὴν ἔδωκεν	tēn metanoian eis zōēn edōken	”gave repentance unto life”	Repentance itself as a divine gift, not a human achievement	granted repentance unto life	Reinforces that even repentance is God’s gracious gift (cf. कृपा), extended explicitly to Gentiles	जीवनासाठी पश्चात्ताप दिला	High — reuse पश्चात्ताप; grace-gift framing
Christians (first called)	Χριστιανούς	Christianous	”followers/partisans of Christ”	Originally an outsider label (Antioch), later embraced	Christians	First occurrence of the name that becomes the standard designation for believers	ख्रिस्ती	Low-Medium — established term; note origin as outsider label at Antioch

Chapter 12 — Persecution under Herod; Peter’s Deliverance

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
angel of the Lord	ἄγγελος κυρίου	angelos kyriou	—	—	angel of the Lord	Reuse existing angelology conventions; sovereign divine intervention rescuing the persecuted church	प्रभूचा दूत	Medium
the word of God grew and multiplied	ὁ…λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐπληθύνετο	ho logos tou theou ēuxanen kai eplēthyneto	”the word of God kept growing and multiplying”	Recurring Acts refrain marking sections of the narrative	the word of God grew and multiplied	Key “Great Commission Fulfilled” refrain, recurs at 6:7; 12:24; 19:20 — the gospel’s advance is unstoppable despite persecution	देवाचे वचन वाढत गेले व पसरत गेले	High — establish as a recurring structural marker; consistent rendering required across occurrences

Chapter 13 — Paul and Barnabas Sent Out; Justification Apart from the Law (First Statement)

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
separate/set apart	ἀφορίσατε	aphorisate	”set apart, mark off”	Formal commissioning by the Spirit for a specific mission	separate, set apart	The Spirit’s own initiative in commissioning missionaries — foundational for “The Great Commission Fulfilled”	वेगळे करा	Medium — reuse baseline separation_unto_gods_service framework where relevant
justified from all things…which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses	δικαιοῦται…ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν οὐκ ἠδυνήθητε ἐν νόμῳ Μωϋσέως δικαιωθῆναι	dikaioutai…en nomō Mōuseōs dikaiōthēnai	”is justified…from all things you could not be justified from by the Law of Moses”	Explicit contrast: justification through Christ vs. the impossibility of justification through law-keeping	justified from all things…which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses	The clearest “Justification apart from the Law” statement in Acts, anticipating Romans/Galatians; reuse नीतिमान ठरवणे and नियमशास्त्र exactly	…नियमशास्त्राने जे शक्य नव्हते ते ख्रिस्ताद्वारे नीतिमान ठरवले जाते	Critical — reuse both नीतिमान ठरवणे (justification) and नियमशास्त्र (law) exactly per baseline; do not render “law” as धर्म/धम्म
ordained to eternal life	τεταγμένοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	tetagmenoi eis zōēn aiōnion	”appointed/arranged unto eternal life”	Divine sovereign appointment	ordained to eternal life	Reuse baseline election (देवाची निवड); must not echo karma-birth determinism	अनंतकाळच्या जीवनासाठी नेमलेले	High — reuse election caution
light of/to the Gentiles	φῶς ἐθνῶν	phōs ethnōn	”a light for the nations”	OT Isaiah prophecy (49:6) applied to the gospel’s reach to non-Jews	a light to the Gentiles	Programmatic Isaianic mission text explaining the turn to Gentile mission after Jewish rejection in a given city	अन्यजातीयांसाठी प्रकाश	High — reuse अन्यजातीय (Gentiles) exactly

Chapter 14 — Lystra; Mistaken for Gods; Perseverance through Suffering

| Term | Greek | Translit. | Literal | Semantic Range | Eng. Variants | Contextual Meaning | Marathi Rendering | Risk | |---|---|---|---|------|---|---|---| | the gods are come down to us in the likeness of men | οἱ θεοὶ ὁμοιωθέντες ἀνθρώποις κατέβησαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς | hoi theoi homoiōthentes anthrōpois katebēsan pros hēmas | “the gods, having become like men, have come down to us” | Greco-Roman polytheistic descent-of-a-deity motif (Zeus/Hermes) | the gods are come down to us in the likeness of men | The crowd’s pagan misunderstanding, which Paul and Barnabas immediately and forcefully reject — directly parallel to the incarnation/avatar collision risk documented in the Romans baseline | देवता मनुष्यरूप घेऊन आमच्याकडे उतरल्या आहेत | Critical — deliberately preserve as a REJECTED pagan misunderstanding, structurally parallel to why अवतार must never be used for the true incarnation (देहधारण, baseline); this chapter is a built-in biblical warrant for that very translation caution and should be cross-referenced in translator notes | | living God | θεὸν ζῶντα | theon zōnta | “the living God” | Contrast with lifeless idols/vain things | the living God | Paul’s direct rebuttal, redirecting worship from manufactured/imagined gods to the one true, living, personal God (परमेश्वर, baseline) | जिवंत परमेश्वर | Critical — reuse परमेश्वर | | vanities/vain things | τῶν ματαίων | tōn mataiōn | “empty, worthless things” | OT prophetic term for idols | vanities, vain things, worthless idols | Sets up idol/idolatry terminology developed further in chs. 17 and 19 | निरर्थक गोष्टी (मूर्ती) | High | | through much tribulation | διὰ πολλῶν θλίψεων | dia pollōn thlipseōn | “through many afflictions” | Suffering as the normal path into God’s kingdom, not an anomaly | through much tribulation | Direct pastoral teaching linking persecution to kingdom entry — reinforces “Persecution and Bold Witness” | पुष्कळ संकटांतून | Medium |

Chapter 15 — The Jerusalem Council; Grace and the Law Resolved

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
circumcision	περιτομή	peritomē	ritual removal of foreskin	The covenant sign of Jewish identity under the Mosaic law	circumcision	The central controverted question resolved at this council: is circumcision (law-keeping) required for Gentile salvation? Answer: no	सुंता	High — must be clearly presented as a Jewish ceremonial-covenant sign, and the council’s decision that Gentiles need not undergo it is the narrative center of “Justification apart from the Law”
through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι καθ’ ὃν τρόπον κἀκεῖνοι	dia tēs charitos tou kyriou Iēsou pisteuomen sōthēnai	”through the grace of the Lord Jesus we believe we are saved, in the same way as they”	Explicit statement that Jew and Gentile are saved identically, by grace alone	we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they	The decisive theological resolution of the whole book’s central tension — reuse कृपा, प्रभू, तारण exactly	प्रभू येशूच्या कृपेने आम्हीहि तारण पावतो, जसे तेहि	Critical — reuse all three baseline terms exactly; this is Acts’ equivalent weight to Romans 3:23-24 and must be flagged for theologian review every occurrence
it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us	ἔδοξεν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ καὶ ἡμῖν	edoxen tō pneumati tō hagiō kai hēmin	”it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us”	Formula asserting the Spirit’s own authorship of the church’s conciliar decision	it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us	Establishes the pattern for legitimate corporate/apostolic authority under the Spirit, distinct from a merely human committee decision	पवित्र आत्म्याला व आम्हांला हे योग्य वाटले	High
abstain from pollutions of idols, blood, strangled, and fornication	ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων καὶ τῆς πορνείας καὶ τοῦ πνικτοῦ καὶ τοῦ αἵματος	apechesthai tōn alisgēmatōn tōn eidōlōn…	“abstain from the defilements of idols…”	Minimal practical requirements preserving Jewish-Gentile table fellowship	abstain from things polluted by idols…	Pastoral compromise enabling unity without imposing the full law — reinforces grace-not-law without licensing moral compromise	मूर्तींना अर्पिलेल्या वस्तूंपासून…दूर रहावे	High — reuse मूर्ती (idols) caution from ch.14/17/19

Chapter 16 — Lydia, the Philippian Jailer, Roman Citizenship

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
the Lord opened her heart	ὁ κύριος διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν	ho kyrios diēnoixen tēn kardian	”the Lord opened wide the heart”	Divine, prior, effectual work enabling faith-response	the Lord opened her heart	Reuse divine_calling/grace framework: faith is enabled by God’s prior action, not human religious initiative	प्रभूने तिचे अंतःकरण उघडले	High — reuse
Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved	πίστευσον ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν, καὶ σωθήσῃ	pisteuson epi ton kyrion Iēsoun, kai sōthēsē	—	—	Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved	Along with Romans 10:9 and Acts 2:21/38, one of the consistency-locked salvation-confession texts	प्रभू येशूवर विश्वास ठेव म्हणजे तुझे तारण होईल	Critical — reuse विश्वास, प्रभू, तारण exactly; consistency-lock this rendering across the curriculum per baseline’s cross-document consistency rule

Chapter 17 — Thessalonica, Berea, Athens/Areopagus

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
searched the scriptures daily	ἀνακρίνοντες τὰς γραφὰς καθ’ ἡμέραν	anakrinontes tas graphas kath’ hēmeran	”examining the scriptures daily”	Diligent, critical, daily engagement with Scripture to verify apostolic preaching	searched the scriptures daily	Bereans commended as a model of careful scriptural discernment — reuse inspiration_of_scripture framework	दररोज शास्त्रवचने तपासून पाहत	Medium — reuse baseline scripture-inspiration caution distinguishing pavitra shastra from abhang poetry or Tripitaka teaching-authority
wholly given to idolatry	κατείδωλον	kateidōlon	”full of idols”	A city saturated with images/temples of many gods	wholly given to idolatry, full of idols	Sets the scene for Paul’s Areopagus speech; direct term for idol-worship	मूर्तिपूजेने भरलेले	CRITICAL — same collision risk as मूर्ती/मूर्तिपूजा noted at ch.14/15; central relevance to Warkari murti-devotion (Vitthal’s image at Pandharpur) — must be handled with the same doctrinal-not-cultural-insult framing established in the baseline’s अवतार discussion: the text critiques treating manufactured images as the divine, not Hindu culture as such
unknown god	ἀγνώστῳ θεῷ	agnōstō theō	”to an unknown god”	An altar dedicated to an unidentified deity, out of religious caution	THE UNKNOWN GOD	Paul’s rhetorical bridge — he does not affirm that all worship reaches the same God, but declares the one true God who alone can be truly known, now revealed in Christ	अज्ञात देव	High — must not be rendered/read as endorsing religious pluralism (“all paths lead to the same unknown god”); Paul’s move is corrective/fulfillment, not affirming equivalence between this altar and the revealed God
in him we live, and move, and have our being	ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ ζῶμεν καὶ κινούμεθα καὶ ἐσμέν	en autō gar zōmen kai kinoumetha kai esmen	—	—	in him we live, and move, and have our being	God’s sustaining, personal presence undergirding all creaturely existence — used evangelistically, not pantheistically	त्याच्यामध्येच आपण जगतो, हालचाल करतो व अस्तित्वात आहोत	High — care that this is not read as pantheistic identification of God with creation (a risk given some Hindu/Vedantic monist frameworks); God remains personally distinct from creation even while sustaining it
repent…he hath appointed a day, in which he will judge the world in righteousness	μετανοεῖν…ἔστησεν ἡμέραν ἐν ᾗ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ	metanoein…estēsen hēmeran en hē mellei krinein tēn oikoumenēn en dikaiosynē	—	—	repent…he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness	Universal call to repentance grounded in a fixed, future, linear day of judgment — not cyclical cosmic renewal	पश्चात्ताप करा…त्याने एक दिवस नेमला आहे ज्यात तो जगाचा न्याय नीतिमत्त्वाने करील	High — reuse पश्चात्ताप, नीतिमत्त्व exactly; linear eschatology emphasis as in 2:16-20

Chapter 18 — Corinth; Aquila and Priscilla; Apollos

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
judgment seat	βῆμα	bēma	Roman tribunal platform	Civic legal setting (Gallio’s court)	judgment seat	Historical/legal setting; Roman authorities repeatedly decline to treat the gospel as a civil crime — relevant backdrop for “Persecution” theme	न्यायासन	Low
fervent in spirit	ζέων τῷ πνεύματι	zeōn tō pneumati	”boiling/fervent in spirit”	Zealous enthusiasm in teaching, prior to fuller instruction	fervent in spirit	Apollos’ partial but sincere and zealous early instruction, later corrected/completed by Priscilla and Aquila	आत्म्यात आवेशी	Low
baptism of John	τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου	to baptisma Iōannou	—	—	baptism of John	Distinguished from Christian baptism “in the name of the Lord Jesus” — sets up ch.19’s clarification	योहानाचा बाप्तिस्मा	Medium — reuse बाप्तिस्मा; flag the distinction from full Christian baptism developed in ch.19

Chapter 19 — Ephesus: Rebaptism, Sons of Sceva, the Riot

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus	ἐβαπτίσθησαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	ebaptisthēsan eis to onoma tou kyriou Iēsou	—	—	baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus	Disciples who knew only John’s baptism are re-baptized, clarifying that Christian baptism is specifically Christ-centered and paired with receiving the Spirit	प्रभू येशूच्या नावाने बाप्तिस्मा घेतला	High — reuse बाप्तिस्मा and “name” formula cautions
curious arts (magic books)	τὰ περίεργα	ta perierga	”meddlesome/magical practices”	Occult manuals and practices	curious arts	Believers publicly burn expensive occult books upon conversion — decisive, costly renunciation of occult power in favor of the Spirit’s power; directly relevant given living tantra/occult practice contexts	जादूटोण्याची पुस्तके	High — reuse sorcery caution from ch.8 (Simon Magus); model of costly, public renunciation
the sons of Sceva…tried to invoke the name	…ἐπονομάζειν…τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	eponomazein to onoma tou kyriou Iēsou	”to name over [them] the name of the Lord Jesus”	Attempted use of Jesus’ name as a magical incantation formula by non-believers	called over them the name of the Lord Jesus	The name of Jesus is not a manipulable magical formula — the demon-possessed man overpowers the impostors, illustrating that the name’s power operates only through genuine relationship/authority, not repetition	येशूचे नाव मंत्रासारखे वापरणे	Critical — the single clearest textual warning against exactly the risk flagged at 2:38/3:6/19:13: reducing “the name of Jesus” to a repeatable power-formula akin to mantra-japa or occult incantation; essential translator note
Diana of the Ephesians (idol trade)	Ἄρτεμις	Artemis	—	—	Diana of the Ephesians, Artemis	Idol-manufacturing economic interests provoke persecution — connects idolatry and persecution themes	इफिसकरांची अर्तमी देवी	Medium — proper name; reuse मूर्तिपूजा caution for surrounding idol-related vocabulary

Chapter 20 — Troas; Farewell to the Ephesian Elders

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
elders	πρεσβύτεροι	presbyteroi	”older men, elders”	Recognized church leadership office	elders	Established church governance term, distinct from apostles	वडील	Low-Medium — established Marathi Christian usage
overseers	ἐπίσκοποι	episkopoi	”overseers, guardians”	Same office as “elders,” emphasizing oversight function	overseers, bishops	Used interchangeably with “elders” here — pastoral oversight role	अध्यक्ष / पर्यवेक्षक	Medium
feed/shepherd the church of God	ποιμαίνειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ	poimainein tēn ekklēsian tou theou	”to shepherd the church of God”	Pastoral care metaphor	feed the church of God, shepherd the flock	Reuse baseline मंडळी (church); pastoral-care ministry image	देवाच्या मंडळीचे पालनपोषण करणे	Medium — reuse मंडळी exactly
grievous wolves	λύκοι βαρεῖς	lykoi bareis	”fierce/savage wolves”	False teachers threatening the flock from outside and within	grievous wolves	Warning of coming doctrinal corruption after Paul’s departure	क्रूर लांडगे	Medium
the word of his grace	ὁ λόγος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ	ho logos tēs charitos autou	—	—	the word of his grace	Reuse कृपा; the gospel message itself summarized as “the word of grace”	त्याच्या कृपेचे वचन	High — reuse कृपा

Chapter 21 — Paul’s Vow and Arrest in Jerusalem

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
vow	εὐχή	euchē	”vow, votive promise”	Nazirite-type temporary ritual vow under Jewish practice (hair-cutting, purification days)	vow	Paul’s culturally sensitive observance of a Jewish ceremonial vow to avoid needless offense — a matter of cultural accommodation, not doctrinal necessity	नवस	Medium — नवस is a very common Hindu/folk devotional practice (a conditional vow made to a deity, e.g., at Pandharpur, in exchange for a favor granted); must be clarified here as referring to a specific, temporary OT/Jewish ceremonial-purity vow Paul observed for missional sensitivity to Jewish believers, not a devotional bargain-with-God transaction
prophecy of Agabus	προφητεία	prophēteia	—	—	prophecy	Reuse baseline भविष्यवाणी; specific predictive warning about Paul’s coming arrest	भविष्यवाणी	Low — reuse

Chapter 22 — Paul’s Defense before the Jerusalem Crowd

Reuses the conversion account terminology established in chapter 9 (light from heaven, the Way, chosen vessel). New term:

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
defense	ἀπολογία	apologia	”a speech in defense”	Formal legal/rhetorical defense	defense, answer	First of several formal defense-speeches (also chs. 24, 25, 26) establishing the “Persecution and Bold Witness” pattern of testifying even before hostile courts	बचाव / समर्थन	Medium
Roman citizen	Ῥωμαῖος	Rhōmaios	—	—	Roman citizen	Paul’s legal status shapes the narrative’s progression toward Rome, connecting to “Great Commission Fulfilled” (ch.28)	रोमी नागरिक	Low

Chapter 23 — The Sanhedrin Split over Resurrection; Plot against Paul

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
resurrection	ἀνάστασις	anastasis	—	—	resurrection	Reuse पुनरुत्थान exactly; the Sanhedrin’s internal Pharisee-Sadducee dispute over resurrection doctrine becomes Paul’s strategic defense point	पुनरुत्थान	Critical — reuse baseline exactly; never पुनर्जन्म/पुनर्भव

Chapter 24 — Trial before Felix; “The Way” as a Sect

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
sect (of the Nazarenes)	αἵρεσις (τῶν Ναζωραίων)	hairesis (tōn Nazōraiōn)	“a school of thought, party, or sect”	Neutral-to-pejorative label used by outsiders for a religious/philosophical faction	sect, heresy (later pejorative sense), the sect of the Nazarenes	Outsider label applied to “the Way” (reuse ch.9 caution); Paul explicitly reclaims and redefines it as fulfillment, not deviation, from Jewish faith	पंथ (नासरेथकरांचा)	Medium — reuse “the Way” caution above
righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come	δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἐγκρατείας καὶ τοῦ κρίματος τοῦ μέλλοντος	dikaiosynēs kai enkrateias kai tou krimatos tou mellontos	—	—	righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come	Paul’s preaching that made even the Roman governor Felix tremble; reuse नीतिमत्त्व	नीतिमत्त्व, संयम व भावी न्याय	High — reuse नीतिमत्त्व exactly

Chapter 25 — Trial before Festus; Appeal to Caesar

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
I appeal unto Caesar	Καίσαρα ἐπικαλοῦμαι	Kaisara epikaloumai	”I appeal to/call upon Caesar”	Legal appeal exercising Roman citizenship rights	I appeal unto Caesar	Narrative hinge sending Paul to Rome — advances the “Great Commission Fulfilled” geographic arc (Acts 1:8) even through legal persecution	कैसराकडे मी दाद मागतो	Medium — narrative/legal term; no major doctrinal risk beyond consistency

No further new theological vocabulary beyond that already documented for the trial sequence (chs. 22-26); reuses witness (साक्षीदार), boldness (धैर्य), defense (बचाव).

Chapter 26 — Trial before Agrippa; Paul’s Testimony

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
open their eyes, turn from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God…forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith	ἀνοῖξαι ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν, τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς καὶ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ Σατανᾶ ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν…ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν καὶ κλῆρον ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις πίστει	anoixai ophthalmous…epistrepsai apo skotous eis phōs kai tēs exousias tou Satana epi ton theon…aphesin hamartiōn kai klēron en tois hēgiasmenois pistei	—	—	to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith	The most complete single-verse summary of the whole gospel’s mission-purpose in Acts, tying together conversion, forgiveness, sanctification, and faith into one commissioning statement	…अंधारातून प्रकाशाकडे, सैतानाच्या अधिकारातून देवाकडे…पापांची क्षमा व विश्वासाने पवित्र केलेल्यांमध्ये वतन	Critical — reuse पापांची क्षमा, विश्वास, पवित्र (सम. पवित्रीकरण) exactly; “power of Satan” (सैतानाचा अधिकार) is new and should be distinguished carefully from a generic impersonal evil-force concept
almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian	ἐν ὀλίγῳ με πείθεις Χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι	en oligō me peitheis Christianon poiēsai	—	—	almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian	Reuse established ख्रिस्ती (Christian); Agrippa’s ambivalent near-response models the tragic possibility of hearing the gospel without full conversion	तू मला जवळजवळ ख्रिस्ती करण्यास मन वळवत आहेस	Low — reuse

Chapter 27 — The Voyage and Shipwreck

No major new theological vocabulary. Reuses faith/trust in God’s word (विश्वास), providence (देवाचे विधान, baseline) — Paul’s calm confidence (“I believe God, that it shall be even as it was told me,” Acts 27:25) exemplifies faith under providence amid peril, without introducing new glossary terms. Chapter reviewed; content is narrative (storm, shipwreck, angelic reassurance) illustrating previously analyzed doctrine rather than introducing new terms.

Chapter 28 — Malta; Arrival in Rome; the Gospel Unhindered

Term	Greek	Translit.	Literal	Semantic Range	Eng. Variants	Contextual Meaning	Marathi Rendering	Risk
preaching the kingdom of God…with all confidence/boldness, no man forbidding him	κηρύσσων τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ…μετὰ πάσης παρρησίας ἀκωλύτως	kēryssōn tēn basileian tou theou…meta pasēs parrēsias akōlytōs	”proclaiming the kingdom of God…with all boldness, unhindered”	The book’s triumphant closing summary	preaching the kingdom of God…with all confidence, no man forbidding him	Final bookend to Acts 1:8’s mission mandate and 4:31’s boldness — the gospel has reached the imperial capital and continues unhindered despite persecution and imprisonment; climactic statement for “The Great Commission Fulfilled”	…देवाच्या राज्याची घोषणा करत होता…पूर्ण धैर्याने, कोणाच्याहि अडथळ्याशिवाय	High — reuse देवाचे राज्य (kingdom of God, baseline) and धैर्य (boldness, established ch.4) exactly; this closing phrase should be rendered consistently with 4:29/4:31’s boldness vocabulary as the deliberate structural bookend it is
unhindered	ἀκωλύτως	akōlytōs	”without hindrance/obstacle”	Legal/narrative term signaling unimpeded progress	unhindered, without hindrance	The single final word of Acts in Greek — the gospel’s triumph despite every persecution narrated across the book	निर्विघ्नपणे	Medium — significant as the book’s closing note; should be rendered with a term conveying triumphant, unstoppable completion, not mere passive absence of obstacles

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Summary of Coverage

All 28 chapters of Acts have been reviewed. The core passage (2:1–41) received full verse-by-verse treatment; chapter 2’s remainder (2:42–47) and chapters 1, 3–28 each received chapter-level treatment of load-bearing theological vocabulary. Chapters 25 and 27 are explicitly noted as introducing no major new theological vocabulary beyond terms already documented in surrounding chapters. All terms already present in the Romans baseline (translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json) have been reused with their exact recorded Marathi renderings throughout; new terms required by Acts are carried forward into 08_core_glossary.md for formal registration.