Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Corinthians — English → Pashto
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md across the full span of 1 Corinthians (core passage 15:1-11 plus all 16 chapters). It is organized by doctrinal category. Terms carried over unchanged from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and MUST use the exact recorded Pashto rendering; no alternative may be substituted. Newly identified terms are marked [NEW] and are candidates for addition to translation memory in the next pipeline step, with a proposed risk tier and rendering already assigned here for continuity into Phase 2.
Legend: Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low). “Status” column: [BASELINE REUSE] = exact baseline term enforced; [NEW] = first identified in this curriculum.
1. Christology and the Cross
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iēsous | عیسی | Isa | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | throughout | See baseline note; Quranic prophet-only narrative must be actively corrected. |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός | Christos | مسیح | Masih | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | throughout | See baseline messiah entry. |
| Lord | κύριος | kyrios | خداوند | Khudawand | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 12:3; throughout | Exclusive supreme lordship; never softened. |
| Jesus is Lord (confession) | Κύριος Ἰησοῦς | Kyrios Iēsous | عیسی خداوند دی | Isa Khudawand day | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE — verbatim cross-document] | 12:3 | Must remain verbatim identical to the Romans 10:9 rendering per cross-document consistency rule. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | huios theou | د خدای زوی | da Khudai zoy | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:9 | Eternal co-equal sonship, not honorary. |
| cross | σταυρός | stauros | صلیب | Saleeb | Critical | [NEW] | 1:17-18; 2:2 | Sharpest single collision with Quran’s crucifixion-denial (4:157); pair with historical-apologetic affirmation at every use. |
| Christ crucified | Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον | Christon estaurōmenon | صلیب شوی مسیح | Saleeb shaway Masih | Critical | [NEW] | 1:23 | Compound of two Critical terms; highest apologetic density phrase in chs.1-4. |
| wisdom (of God / of the cross) | σοφία | sophia | حکمت | hikmat | High | [NEW] | 1:18-2:16 | Shared Islamic theological vocabulary (God’s hikmah) is an asset for the attribute, but the specific paradox (crucified Messiah = wisdom) has no Islamic parallel and must be taught explicitly. |
| foolishness | μωρία | mōria | حماقت | hamaqat | Medium | [NEW] | 1:18,21,23,25 | Preserve the paradox (looks foolish, is God’s power); do not resolve the tension away. |
| mind of Christ | νοῦς Χριστοῦ | nous Christou | د مسیح ذهن | da Masih zehen | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 2:16 | Relational Spirit-given insight, not literal mind-merging. |
| Incarnation (background: seed of David/flesh) | (theological category) | — | تجسد | tajassud | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | cf. background to 15:3-4 | Same as Romans package entry; Pashto’s thin Christian tradition still lacks settled precedent. |
| resurrection (of Christ) | ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω | anastasis / egeirō | بیا راژوندي کیدل | bya rajwandi kedal | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 15:4,12-58; throughout | Perfect-tense “has been raised” stresses a permanent completed state; core apologetic anchor of the whole letter. |
| appeared (resurrection appearance) | ὤφθη (ὁράω) | ōphthē (horaō) | ښکاره شو | škara sho | Critical | [NEW] | 15:5-8 | Must convey real, external, bodily appearance to named eyewitnesses — not subjective vision language. |
| firstfruits (of resurrection) | ἀπαρχή | aparchē | لومړنۍ میوه | lumranai miwa | Critical | [NEW] | 15:20,23 | Guarantees believers’ own future bodily resurrection; requires explanatory background. |
| last Adam | ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ | eschatos Adam | وروستی آدم | wrosti Adam | Critical | [NEW] | 15:21-22,45-49 | Shared Quranic Adam figure is an asset; the federal-headship reversal-of-the-fall claim is new content requiring explicit teaching. |
| imperishable / incorruptible | ἄφθαρτος | aphthartos | نه فنا کیدونکی | na fana kedunkay | Critical | [NEW] | 9:25; 15:42,50-54 | Consistent rendering from ch.9’s “imperishable crown” through to ch.15’s resurrection body. |
| mortal / immortality | θνητός / ἀθανασία | thnētos / athanasia | مړاند / لافانی والی | mrand / lafani wali | Critical | [NEW] | 15:53-54 | One-time final transformation, not a repeatable cycle; distinguish from folk reincarnation-adjacent concepts. |
| victory (over death) | νῖκος | nikos | بریا | breya | High | [NEW] | 15:54-57 | Resonant with regional honor/warrior-code vocabulary (nang); tie explicitly to Christ’s specific historical resurrection. |
| sting (of death) | κέντρον | kentron | نیش | nesh | Medium-High | [NEW] | 15:55-56 | Vivid, well-understood scorpion/bee image; ties resurrection argument to sin/law vocabulary. |
| Maranatha | μαράνα θά | marana tha | ماراناتا | Maranatha | Critical | [NEW — retain untranslated per Abba precedent] | 16:22 | Preserve untranslated Aramaic, glossed “زموږ خداونده، راشه!” at first use; reinforces Lordship and Second Coming. |
2. Salvation, Grace, and Faith
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | euangelion | انجیل | Injil | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 15:1; 1:17; 9:12-18 | 15:1-11 functions as a primary creedal definition of gospel content — strategic opportunity against tahrif assumption. |
| grace | χάρις | charis | فضل | fazal | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 15:10 (x3); 1:3-4; 3:10; 16:23 | 15:10’s threefold repetition is a textbook grace-vs-merit teaching case. |
| salvation / being saved | σῴζω | sōzō | نجات | nejat | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 15:2; 1:18 | Present-tense “being saved” stresses ongoing standing grounded in gospel content. |
| faith | πίστις | pistis | ایمان | iman | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 15:2,11,14,17; 2:5; 13:13 | Object/content of faith (the specific gospel facts) must stay recoverable from context. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | dikaiosynē | صداقت | sadaqat | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:30 | Same forensic/honor-restoration bridging as Romans. |
| received (tradition) | παραλαμβάνω | paralambanō | لاسته اخیستل | lasta akhistal | Medium | [NEW] | 15:1,3 | Formal reception of a transmitted deposit, not casual hearing. |
| delivered (tradition) | παραδίδωμι | paradidōmi | سپارل | sparal | High | [NEW] | 15:3 | Technical transmission-formula term; apologetically load-bearing for early creedal dating. |
| died for our sins | ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν | apethanen hyper tōn hamartiōn | زموږ د ګناهونو لپاره مړ شو | zamuz da gunahuno lapara mar sho | Critical | [NEW] | 15:3 | Substitutionary atonement; invoke nanawatai bridge per baseline AI-requirements Rule 3, noting imperfect fit. |
| according to the Scriptures | κατὰ τὰς γραφάς | kata tas graphas | د صحیفو مطابق | da sahifo mutabiq | High | [NEW] | 15:3-4 | Pair with teaching against naskh (abrogation) default; fulfillment, not supersession. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | hamartia | ګناه | gunah | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 15:3,17,56; 6:18 | Bridge honor-shame ethics to guilt-before-God framework. |
| bought with a price | ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς | ēgorasthēte timēs | قیمت ورکړل شوی یاست | qimat warkral shaway yast | Medium-High | [NEW] | 6:20; 7:23 | Redemption-purchase image; cross-reference nanawatai/atonement framework. |
| washed | ἀπολούω | apolouō | پاک شوي یاست | paak shawi yast | High | [NEW] | 6:11 | Decisive spiritual cleansing at conversion; must not read as ritual ablution (wudu-style). |
| law (Mosaic) | νόμος | nomos | ناموس | namus | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 9:8-9,20-21; 14:21,34; 15:56 | NEVER شریعت; distinguish from both sharia and Pashtunwali. |
3. The Church, Unity, and Discipline
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| church | ἐκκλησία | ekklēsia | کلیسا | kalisa | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:2; 15:9; throughout | NEVER امت. |
| called | κλητός | klētos | بلل شوی | balal shaway | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1,2,9; 7:15-24 | Fourth contextual sense identified: calling to a state/condition (7:15-24) — add to TM notes. |
| calling | κλῆσις | klēsis | بلنه | balana | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 7:20 | Extended usage: “remain in the calling in which you were called.” |
| saints | ἅγιοι | hagioi | مقدسان | moqaddasan | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:2; 6:1-2; 16:1 | Corporate, not ascetic-elite. |
| sanctified | ἁγιάζω | hagiazō | تقدیس شوی | taqdis shaway | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:2; 6:11 | Positional (completed) sense here vs. progressive sense elsewhere — distinguish in teaching. |
| divisions / factions | σχίσμα | schisma | فرقه بندي | firqa-bandi | High | [NEW] | 1:10-12; 3:3-4; 11:18 | Loaded Islamic-sect-echoing term; genuine bridge but must not import formal madhab/Sunni-Shia categories onto the personality-cult problem in view. |
| foundation | θεμέλιος | themelios | بنسټ | bunsat | Low | [NEW] | 3:11 | No major risk. |
| temple of God (corporate) | ναὸς θεοῦ | naos theou | د خدای معبد | da Khudai ma’bad | High | [NEW] | 3:16-17 | Risk of confusion with a physical building/mosque; teach as metaphor for the Spirit-indwelt gathered community. |
| temple of the Holy Spirit (individual body) | ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | naos tou hagiou pneumatos | د روح القدس معبد | da Rooh-ul-Qudus ma’bad | High | [NEW] | 6:19 | Distinct individual-body application of the same base term as 3:16 — teach both senses distinctly. |
| stewards | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | کارګزار | karguzar | Medium | [NEW] | 4:1-2 | Avoid متولي (mutawali) — carries unwanted Sufi shrine-custodian association. |
| mysteries (of God) | μυστήρια θεοῦ | mystēria theou | راز | raaz | Medium-High | [NEW] | 4:1 | Distinguish from Islamic ghayb (permanently hidden); biblical mystery is disclosed. |
| sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | زنا | zina | Critical | [NEW] | 5:1 | Coincides with Islamic sharia’s own hadd-punishment legal category; teach with acute physical-safety and pastoral sensitivity — never as endorsement of honor-based or extra-legal punishment. |
| leaven | ζύμη | zymē | خمیره | khamira | Medium | [NEW] | 5:6-8 | Requires Passover-background teaching for full typological force. |
| deliver to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | paradounai tō Satana | شیطان ته سپارل | Shaytan ta sparal | Critical | [NEW] | 5:5 | Formal restorative church discipline, never literal curse/exorcism; calibrate against real safety risk for a persecuted community. |
| body of Christ (corporate) | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | sōma Christou | د مسیح بدن | da Masih badan | High | [NEW] | 12:12-27 | Strong positive counter-model to qawm/khel tribal-based social division; strategic unity teaching. |
| members | μέλη | melē | غړي | ghari | Medium | [NEW] | 6:15; 12:12-27 | Consistent rendering established at first occurrence (ch.6), reused through ch.12. |
| Gentiles / non-Jews | ἔθνη | ethnē | غیر یهودیان | gheyr yahudian | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:23; 5:1; 10:20,32; 12:2 | NEVER امتونه. |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Israēl | اسرائیل | Esra’il | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 10:18 | Typological wilderness-generation example; pastoral framing per baseline note. |
4. Wisdom, Knowledge, and Boasting
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| natural man | ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος | psychikos anthrōpos | نفساني انسان | nafsani insan | Medium | [NEW] | 2:14 | Sufi “nafs” resonance is a possible bridge; distinguish from Sufi self-purification-by-effort schemes. |
| spiritual man | πνευματικὸς | pneumatikos | روحاني انسان | rohani insan | Medium | [NEW] | 2:15 | Consistent with روحاني (spiritual) established in baseline spiritual_gifts entry. |
| carnal / fleshly | σαρκικός | sarkikos | جسماني | jismani | Medium | [NEW] | 3:1,3 | Describes immature believers, not unbelievers — distinguish from “natural man.” |
| knowledge | γνῶσις | gnōsis | پوهه / علم | poha / ilm | Medium | [NEW] | 8:1-2 | Subordinated to love (13:1-13 anticipation). |
| boasting | καυχάομαι | kauchaomai | فخر کول | fakhr kawul | High | [NEW] | 1:29,31; 3:21; 4:7 | Direct challenge to Pashtunwali honor-based self-promotion (fakhr); redirect all boasting to the Lord. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | pneuma hagion | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 2:10-14; 12:3-13 | Distinguish from tafsir identification with the angel Jibril at every occurrence. |
5. Marriage, Singleness, and Sexual Ethics
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| marriage | γάμος / γαμέω | gamos / gameō | واده | waada | High | [NEW] | ch.7 throughout | Cuts against tribal-alliance/family-honor-negotiated marriage default and typical patriarchal authority patterns. |
| unmarried / singleness | ἄγαμος | agamos | مجرد والی | mujarad wali | High | [NEW] | 7:8,32-35 | Countercultural: teach as a legitimate, honorable calling, not deficiency or dishonor. |
| virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | پیغله | peghla | Medium | [NEW] | 7:25-38 | Already carries strong honor-related connotation in the culture; keep doctrinal point distinct from unrelated honor anxieties. |
| divorce / separate | χωρίζω / ἀφίημι | chōrizō / aphiēmi | طلاق / بېلتون | talaq / belatoon | Critical | [NEW] | 7:10-15 | Talaq is a fully codified Islamic legal category; explicitly clarify overlap and difference with sharia divorce law. |
| bondservant / slave | δοῦλος | doulos | غلام | ghulam | Medium | [NEW] | 7:21-23 | Teach as historical NT social context; connect to spiritual freedom regardless of social status. |
| circumcision / uncircumcision | περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία | peritomē / akrobystia | سنتي کول / ختنه | sunnati kawul / khatna | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 7:18-19 | Near-universal cultural practice already; original Jew-Gentile boundary-marker sense needs historical explanation. |
| one flesh | μία σάρξ | mia sarx | یو بدن | yaw badan | Medium | [NEW] | 6:16 | Requires Genesis background teaching. |
6. Christian Liberty, Idols, and Conscience
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| idol meat | εἰδωλόθυτον | eidōlothyton | بت ته وقف شوې غوښه | but ta waqf shawe ghwakha | High | [NEW] | chs. 8, 10 | Distinguish Paul’s conscience-and-love ethic from the fixed halal/haram legal-category framework. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ضمیر | zamir | Medium | [NEW] | 8:7-12 | Standard, well-understood term; low collision. |
| liberty / right | ἐξουσία | exousia | واک | waak | Medium | [NEW] | 8:9; 9:4-18 | Emphasize voluntary self-limitation for love’s sake. |
| stumbling block | πρόσκομμα | proskomma | د پوکنیدو لامل | da poknedo laamil | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 8:9,13 | Prefer plain phrase over idiom per idiom-handling rule. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | بت پرستي | but-parasti | Medium | [NEW] | 10:14 | Shared anti-idolatry value with Islam is an asset; note Paul’s concern includes subtler participatory idolatry. |
| temptation / trial | πειρασμός | peirasmos | ازموینه / وسوسه | azmoyina / waswasa | Medium | [NEW] | 10:13 | Waswasa is a shared, positively resonant Islamic-theological concept for satanic temptation. |
| all things to all people | πάντα πᾶσιν | panta pasin | ټولو ته د ټولو په شان کیدل | tolo ta da tolo pa shan kedal | High | [NEW] | 9:19-23 | Contextualization principle; teach with care for what safe witness looks like in a persecuted context. |
7. The Lord’s Supper
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Lord’s cup / table | ποτήριον κυρίου / τράπεζα κυρίου | potērion kyriou / trapeza kyriou | د خداوند پیاله / دسترخوان | da Khudawand piyala / dastarkhwan | Critical | [NEW] | 10:16-21 | First occurrence of Supper vocabulary; establishes consistent terminology for ch.11. |
| Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | kyriakon deipnon | د خداوند ډوډۍ | da Khudawand doday | Critical | [NEW] | 11:20 | Observance itself carries serious safety risk for house churches; teach theology and safe-practice realities together. |
| body and blood (of the Lord) | σῶμα καὶ αἷμα | sōma kai haima | بدن او وینه | badan aw wina | Critical | [NEW] | 11:24-27 | Preempt literalistic-cannibalism or ritual-magic misreadings; teach the plain memorial sense. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | نوی تړون | nawe tarun | High | [BASELINE REUSE — تړون root] | 11:25 | Builds on baseline covenant (تړون) entry; inaugurated through Christ’s blood. |
| in remembrance | εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν | eis tēn emēn anamnēsin | زما یادونه | zma yadawuna | Medium | [NEW] | 11:24-25 | Establishes the memorial character of the ordinance. |
| discerning the body | διακρίνω τὸ σῶμα | diakrinōn to sōma | د بدن پیژندل | da badan pejandal | High | [NEW] | 11:29 | Present both the symbolic and church-unity senses; do not collapse to one reading. |
| examine oneself | δοκιμαζέτω ἑαυτόν | dokimazetō heauton | ځان وازمویي | dzaan wa-azmoi | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 11:28 | Ongoing spiritual accountability practice. |
| participation / communion | κοινωνία | koinōnia | ملګرتیا | malgartia | High (elevated from baseline Low for this sense) | [BASELINE REUSE — elevated risk flag] | 10:16 | Sacramental participation sense here, heavier than Romans’ general fellowship usage; needs explanatory teaching. |
8. Spiritual Gifts, Order, and Worship
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spiritual gifts | πνευματικά / χαρίσματα | pneumatika / charismata | روحاني ورکړې | rohani warkane | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 12:1,4; 14 | Must retain روحاني qualifier per baseline note. |
| manifestation of the Spirit | φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος | phanerōsis tou pneumatos | د روح ښکاره کیدل | da Rooh škara kedal | Medium | [NEW] | 12:7 | Given for common good, not status. |
| tongues | γλῶσσα | glōssa | ژبې | zhabe | High | [NEW] | 12:10,28,30; ch.13-14 | Distinguish from regional Sufi ecstatic-trance phenomena (hal, wajd). |
| interpretation (of tongues) | ἑρμηνεία | hermēneia | ژباړه | zhbara | Medium | [NEW] | 14:5,13,26-28 | — |
| prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | prophētēs / prophēteia | پیغمبر / نبوت | peghambar / nabuwat | Low-High | [BASELINE REUSE] | ch.12, 13, 14 | Prophet term pairs with fuller Christological titles per baseline note; prophecy itself Low risk. |
| edification / building up | οἰκοδομή | oikodomē | ودانول | widanawul | Low | [NEW — consistent with baseline mutual_edification doctrine] | 14:3,4,5,12,17,26 | Controlling criterion for corporate worship practices. |
| order | εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν | euschēmonōs kai kata taxin | په ادب او نظم سره | pa adab aw nazm sara | Low | [NEW] | 14:40 | — |
| head / headship | κεφαλή | kephalē | سر | sar | High | [NEW] | 11:3 | Must teach Christ-modeled self-giving headship, not domination, against existing patriarchal default. |
| head covering | κατακαλύπτω | katakalyptō | د سر پوښل | da sar poshal | High | [NEW] | 11:4-16 | Risk of collapse into Islamic hijab-requirement framework or, conversely, oppressive misuse without the passage’s mutual qualifications. |
| glory (relational sense) | δόξα | doxa | جلال | jalal | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE — distinct sense flagged] | 11:7,15 | Distinct relational-honor sense from divine-glory occurrences; do not conflate. |
| women keep silent | γυναῖκες σιγάτωσαν | gynaikes sigatōsan | ښځې دې چوپ اوسي | shkhze de chop osi | High | [NEW] | 14:34-35 | Requires careful, contextually responsible framing alongside 11:5’s assumption of women praying/prophesying aloud. |
| Jesus is Lord (Spirit’s testimony) | Κύριος Ἰησοῦς | Kyrios Iēsous | عیسی خداوند دی | Isa Khudawand day | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE — verbatim] | 12:3 | See Christology table above; must match Romans 10:9 rendering exactly. |
9. Love, Faith, and Hope
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | مینه | mina | Critical | [NEW] | ch.13 throughout | Single highest-value doctrinal correction opportunity: teach against both romantic/poetic “mina” and reciprocity-bound tribal-loyalty love, paralleling the grace/melmastia caution. |
| hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | امید | umeed | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 13:13 | Distinguish biblical certainty (grounded in God’s character/resurrection) from everyday uncertain “umeed.” |
| faith | πίστις | pistis | ایمان | iman | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 13:2,13 | See Salvation table above. |
10. Apostleship and Ministry
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | رسول | rasul | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-2; 12:28; 15:7,9 | Collides with Muhammad’s rasul title, as in Romans. |
| least (of the apostles) | ἐλάχιστος | elachistos | تر ټولو کوچنی | tar tolo kochnai | Low | [NEW] | 15:9 | Countercultural humility model in an honor-shame culture. |
| worthy / sufficient | ἱκανός | hikanos | وړ | war | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 15:9 | — |
| persecuted (the church) | διώκω | diōkō | ځورولی و / تعقیب کاوه | dzawrali wo / ta’qib kawa | Medium | [NEW] | 15:9 | Handle sensitively given readership’s own persecution context. |
| labored (in ministry) | κοπιάω | kopiaō | زیار ایستل | zyar aystal | Medium | [NEW] | 15:10 | Grace produces effort; corrective against a passivity misreading of فضل. |
| preach / proclaim | κηρύσσω | kēryssō | منادي کول | munadi kawul | Medium-High | [NEW] | 15:11 | Public-herald force; but teach safe, relational proclamation methods for a persecuted context per mission/evangelism doctrine. |
| in vain / empty | εἰκῇ / κενός | eikē / kenos | خالي / بې ګټې | khali / be-ganre | Medium | [NEW] | 15:2,10,58 | Two distinct Greek terms with related but distinguishable nuance; do not conflate in teaching notes. |
| stewards | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | کارګزار | karguzar | Medium | [NEW] | 4:1-2 | See Church table above. |
| reward | μισθός | misthos | بدله / انعام | badla / in’am | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 9:17-18 | — |
| crown (imperishable) | στέφανος ἄφθαρτος | stephanos aphthartos | نه ختمیدونکی تاج | na khatmedunkay taj | Medium | [NEW] | 9:24-27 | Anticipates ch.15’s imperishable vocabulary. |
| mission (contextualized outreach) | ἀποστολή (theological category) | apostolē | ماموریت | ma’muriyat | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 9:19-23 | Same acute safety context as Romans package. |
11. Closing Matters (Chapter 16)
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto | Pashto Translit. | Risk | Status | Key Refs | Translation Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| collection (for the saints) | λογεία | logeia | چنده | chanda | Low-Medium | [NEW] | 16:1-3 | Shared vocabulary with Islamic charitable collection practice; low risk if Christian cross-congregational purpose is made explicit. |
| holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | مقدسه سلامي | moqaddasa salami | High | [NEW] | 16:20 | Recommend culturally appropriate same-sex greeting equivalent rather than literal kiss instruction. |
| Maranatha | μαράνα θά | marana tha | ماراناتا | Maranatha | Critical | [NEW] | 16:22 | See Christology table above. |
| grace (benediction) | χάρις | charis | فضل | fazal | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 16:23 | Identical rendering to Romans closing benedictions. |
Cross-Reference Index: Terms Requiring Mandatory Theologian Review (Critical/High Density)
The following terms/passages are flagged for mandatory theologian review in Phase 2 routing, consistent with the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json review-routing convention, given either Critical doctrinal weight or acute real-world safety sensitivity for the destination readership:
- Core passage 15:1-11 in its entirety (resurrection appearances, substitutionary death, gospel definition)
- Cross / Christ crucified (1:17-18, 1:23, 2:2)
- Sexual immorality / زنا and church discipline (5:1-13) — safety-critical
- Divorce / طلاق (7:10-15) — sharia-collision-critical
- Lord’s Supper material in full (10:16-21; 11:17-34) — safety-critical and doctrinally dense
- “Jesus is Lord” confession (12:3) — must match Romans 10:9 verbatim
- Love / مینه throughout chapter 13
- Resurrection-body doctrine (15:12-58): firstfruits, last Adam, imperishable, immortality, victory
- Head/headship and head covering (11:2-16) together with women’s silence (14:34-35) — patriarchy-amplification risk
- Mission/evangelism-adjacent vocabulary (9:19-23; 15:11 “preach”) — physical safety risk for readers and translators alike
Version Control Note
This glossary and its companion semantic analysis represent Phase 1 Step 1 output only. All [NEW] terms above are proposed renderings pending Phase 1 Step 2 (Linguistic Gap Analysis) confirmation and formal addition to an updated translation_memory.json version for the 1 Corinthians curriculum, layered on top of — never contradicting — the baseline Romans Language Package.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Forensic right standing before God, bridged into honor-restoration framing for an honor-shame culture. Referenced in 1 Corinthians 1:30 within a compressed fourfold list (‘wisdom… righteousness and sanctification and redemption’) requiring explanatory unpacking. Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
The present-tense ‘you are being saved’ (15:2) stresses ongoing salvation grounded in the specific gospel facts of vv.3-5; ties directly to the baseline’s nanawatai bridge for substitutionary atonement. Inherited from Romans package.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: بیا راژوندي کیدل
Transliteration: bya rajwandi kedal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Shares Quran 4:157’s crucifixion-and-resurrection denial. The perfect tense in 15:4 (‘has been raised and remains risen’) stresses a completed, permanent state, the core apologetic anchor of the entire letter. Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Exclusive, supreme lordship; مالک (owner/master) is too transactional. 1 Corinthians 12:3’s confession directly parallels Romans 10:9 and must use identical rendering. Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای زوی
Transliteration: da Khudai zoy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Eternal co-equal sonship, not honorary. Referenced in 1:9 (‘fellowship of his Son’) and underlies 15:28’s subjection of the Son to the Father, which must not be misread as denying co-equal deity. Inherited from Romans package.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: تجسد
Transliteration: tajassud
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: (theological category, cf. σὰρξ)
Category: Christology
Pair the technical noun with a periphrastic ‘God became a man’ gloss at first use; background to 15:3-4’s real death/burial and 11:24’s ‘this is my body.’ Pashto’s especially thin Christian tradition lacks settled precedent. Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
NEVER امت. 15:9’s ‘I persecuted the church of God’ heightens the gravity of Paul’s prior hostility against God’s own gathered people, not a building. Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: ناموس
Transliteration: namus
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: شریعت
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
NEVER شریعت. Distinguish from both sharia and Pashtunwali tribal law, especially in 15:56’s dense statement ‘the power of sin is the law.’ Also occurs at 9:8-9,20-21; 14:21,34. Inherited from Romans package.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
1 Corinthians 1:23’s ‘Christ crucified’ and 15:3’s ‘Christ died for our sins’ are the sharpest points in the letter where the Quranic honored-prophet, non-crucified content must be actively corrected. Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative must be actively corrected, especially in 15:3-8 where his death and bodily appearances are the argument’s core evidence. Inherited from Romans package.
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Native word from the same Old Iranian root as Persian Khoda; strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception denoted by the same word throughout 1 Corinthians (e.g. ‘church of God,’ ‘temple of God,’ ‘mysteries of God’). Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Distinguish sharply from the tafsir identification with the angel Jibril at every occurrence, particularly 2:10-14 (revealer of wisdom) and 12:3-13 (enables the Lordship confession, distributes gifts). Inherited from Romans package.
Cross
Approved rendering: صلیب
Transliteration: Saleeb
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
The single sharpest collision point with Quran 4:157 in the whole letter. Every occurrence in 1:17-18, 2:2 must be paired with explicit historical-apologetic affirmation that the crucifixion was a real, historical, physical event.
Christ Crucified
Approved rendering: صلیب شوی مسیح
Transliteration: Saleeb shaway Masih
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον
Category: Christology
Compound of two Critical terms (مسیح + صلیب); 1:23’s specific content of apostolic preaching. Highest apologetic density phrase in chs.1-4; never split or paraphrased.
Resurrection Appearance
Approved rendering: ښکاره شو
Transliteration: škara sho
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: ὤφθη (ὁράω)
Category: Eschatology
Must convey real, external, bodily appearance to named eyewitnesses (15:5-8) — never softened into vision-language, which would concede exactly the ground the Quranic denial claims. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: لومړنۍ میوه
Transliteration: lumranai miwa
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s resurrection (15:20,23) as the guarantee of believers’ own future bodily resurrection; the guarantee-logic is not automatic from the agricultural image alone and must be stated explicitly in an accompanying sentence.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: وروستی آدم
Transliteration: wrosti Adam
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
Adam (آدم) is a shared, positively regarded Quranic figure — a genuine asset — but Paul’s federal-headship reversal-of-the-fall claim (15:21-22,45-49) has no Quranic counterpart and must be taught as new content.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: نه فنا کیدونکی
Transliteration: na fana kedunkay
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
Describes the resurrection body’s new quality (15:42,50-54); kept consistent with the ‘imperishable crown’ vocabulary of 9:25.
Mortal Immortality
Approved rendering: مړاند / لافانی والی
Transliteration: mrand / lafani wali
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: θνητός / ἀθανασία
Category: Eschatology
15:53-54’s resurrection-body transformation; must be clearly distinguished from any regional folk-Islamic or reincarnation-adjacent afterlife concept — this is a one-time, final, bodily transformation.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: ماراناتا
Transliteration: Maranatha
Doctrine: The Confession of Christ’s Lordship
Original: μαράνα θά
Category: Christology
Retain untranslated Aramaic (16:22), following the baseline’s ابا (Abba) precedent, with the gloss ‘زموږ خداونده، راشه!’ supplied at first use. Reinforces Christ’s exclusive lordship and anticipates his historical, physical return.
Jesus Is Lord Confession
Approved rendering: عیسی خداوند دی
Transliteration: Isa Khudawand day
Doctrine: The Confession of Christ’s Lordship
Original: Κύριος Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
1 Corinthians 12:3’s ‘no one can say Jesus is Lord except by the Holy Spirit’ directly parallels Romans 10:9. Must be rendered verbatim identically across both curricula per the cross-document theological consistency rule — never softened to a respectful title.
Died For Our Sins
Approved rendering: زموږ د ګناهونو لپاره مړ شو
Transliteration: zamuz da gunahuno lapara mar sho
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
15:3’s theologically densest phrase. Invoke the baseline’s nanawatai cultural bridge, explicitly noting its imperfection: nanawatai requires the guilty party’s own submission, whereas here the innocent one submits on behalf of the guilty. Mandatory theologian review.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: زنا
Transliteration: zina
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sin
5:1 — zina is the precise term of Islamic sharia’s own hadd-punishment legal category, with severe, sometimes capital, consequences in Taliban-controlled areas. Church-administered discipline must never be taught as endorsing honor-based violence, informal justice, or sharia hadd punishment. Mandatory theologian review with explicit safety-framing guidance.
Deliver To Satan
Approved rendering: شیطان ته سپارل
Transliteration: Shaytan ta sparal
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church
5:5 — formal, restorative church-discipline language; never a literal curse, exorcism ritual, or folk-magical practice. Calibrate against the real risk that formal excommunication could expose a vulnerable member of a small, secret house-church. Mandatory theologian review.
Divorce
Approved rendering: طلاق / بېلتون
Transliteration: talaq / belatoon
Doctrine: Divorce and Marriage to an Unbeliever
Original: χωρίζω / ἀφίημι
Category: Church
7:10-15 — طلاق is a fully codified Islamic legal category (talaq-e-bid’ah, iddah, etc.); بېلتون covers chōrizō’s distinct ‘depart’ sense. Must explicitly clarify overlap and divergence from sharia divorce law, especially on remarriage. Mandatory theologian review.
Lords Cup Table
Approved rendering: د خداوند پیاله / د خداوند دسترخوان
Transliteration: da Khudawand piyala / da Khudawand dastarkhwan
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ποτήριον κυρίου / τράπεζα κυρίου
Category: Church
10:16-21 — first occurrence of Supper vocabulary, contrasted with ‘the table of demons’; establishes terminology reused consistently in ch.11. Mandatory theologian review.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: د خداوند ډوډۍ
Transliteration: da Khudawand doday
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Church
11:20 — the ordinance’s only formal NT naming. Observance itself is a serious legal/physical safety risk for house churches; teach theology and safe-practice realities together.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: بدن او وینه
Transliteration: badan aw wina
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: Church
11:24-27 — no direct Islamic ritual collision, but has historically drawn cannibalism-style polemic and echoes regional blood-consumption taboos; teach the plain memorial sense clearly to preempt literalistic misreading.
Love
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
Ch.13 — carries strong romantic/passionate (Sufi/poetic) or reciprocity-bound tribal-loyalty connotations in ordinary Pashto usage; agapē’s willed, self-giving, unconditional, non-reciprocal sense must be taught explicitly against both defaults, directly paralleling فضل’s fencing against melmastia. The single highest-value doctrinal correction opportunity in the letter. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Shares the same tahrif (corruption) assumption found across the Islamicate world; must be taught as the NT record itself, not a lost predecessor text. In 1 Corinthians, 15:1-11 functions as a primary-source creedal definition of this content — a strategic teaching opportunity. Inherited from Romans package.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Melmastia’s reciprocity-creating gift code must be taught against; fazal is a one-directional gift creating no repayment obligation. 15:10’s threefold repetition (‘by the grace of God I am what I am… not I, but the grace of God’) is a textbook grace-versus-merit teaching case. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Christ, not loyalty to Islamic creed or Pashtunwali’s nang. In 1 Corinthians 15:2,11,14,17, faith’s validity is tied directly to the historicity of the resurrection — the object must remain recoverable from context. Inherited from Romans package.
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Collides with Muhammad’s defining rasul title. 15:9’s ‘unworthy to be called an apostle’ models grace-grounded humility against the honor-culture default of self-promoting boast (fakhr). Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: بلل شوی
Transliteration: balal shaway
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Context-sensitive across at least four senses in this letter: apostleship (1:1), sainthood/fellowship (1:2,9), and a new fourth sense — remaining in one’s state/condition at conversion (7:15-24). Check context at every occurrence. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Moral and relational set-apartness, not ritual-observance holiness; foundational to the temple metaphors of chs.3 and 6. Inherited from Romans package.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdis
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی
Original: ἁγιάζω / ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
NEVER پاکوالی (ritual cleanliness). 1 Corinthians uses this term in both a positional/completed sense (1:2; 6:11) and a progressive sense (contrasted with ‘carnal’ immaturity, 3:1-3); distinguish both senses explicitly in teaching. Inherited from Romans package.
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Bridges Pashtunwali’s honor-shame ethics into a guilt-before-God framework, particularly in 15:56’s ‘the sting of death is sin.’ Also occurs at 6:18; 15:3,17. Inherited from Romans package.
Covenant
Approved rendering: تړون
Transliteration: tarun
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Unilaterally initiated and graciously given by God, not negotiated like Pashtunwali treaty-making between equals; foundational to the new_covenant entry (11:25). Inherited from Romans package.
Mission
Approved rendering: ماموریت
Transliteration: ma’muriyat
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή (theological category)
Category: Church
Same acute, potentially life-threatening safety context as the Romans package for open evangelism. Relevant to 9:19-23’s contextualization principle. Inherited from Romans package.
Israel
Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: Esra’il
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
10:1-11,18 draws on the wilderness generation as a typological warning to the Corinthian church; requires the same deliberate pastoral framing as Romans 9-11. Inherited from Romans package.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: حکمت
Transliteration: hikmat
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σοφία
Category: Christology
Shared Islamic theological vocabulary (God’s hikmah) is an asset for the attribute sense, but the crucified-Messiah-as-wisdom paradox has no Islamic parallel and compounds rather than eases the ‘foolishness’ component (1:18-2:16); must be taught explicitly.
Victory
Approved rendering: بریا
Transliteration: breya
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
Resonant with Pashtunwali’s warrior/honor-code (nang) vocabulary for triumph over an enemy (15:54-57); must be explicitly tied to Christ’s specific historical resurrection, not left as generalized tribal-martial triumphalism.
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: نیش
Transliteration: nesh
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: κέντρον
Category: Eschatology
A vivid, widely understood scorpion/bee-sting image (15:55-56); ties the resurrection argument to the letter’s sin and law vocabulary — teach the logical chain explicitly.
Delivered Tradition
Approved rendering: سپارل
Transliteration: sparal
Doctrine: The Gospel’s Content and Apostolic Transmission
Original: παραδίδωμι
Category: Faith
15:3 — one of the earliest creedal summaries in the NT; apologetically load-bearing against claims that the resurrection narrative developed late or legendarily.
According To Scriptures
Approved rendering: د صحیفو مطابق
Transliteration: da sahifo mutabiq
Doctrine: The Gospel’s Content and Apostolic Transmission
Original: κατὰ τὰς γραφάς
Category: Covenant
15:3-4 — pair with teaching against the naskh (abrogation) default; Christ’s death and resurrection fulfill, rather than supersede, the OT Scriptures.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: قیمت ورکړل شوی یاست
Transliteration: qimat warkral shaway yast
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
6:20; 7:23 — redemption-purchase imagery; cross-reference explicitly with the nanawatai/atonement framework already established for salvation doctrine.
Washed
Approved rendering: پاک شوي یاست
Transliteration: paak shawi yast
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ἀπολούω
Category: Sanctification
Part of the ‘washed, sanctified, justified’ triad (6:11); must not be read as a ritual ablution (wudu-style) — a decisive, once-for-all spiritual cleansing at conversion.
Divisions Factions
Approved rendering: فرقه بندي
Transliteration: firqa-bandi
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
Echoes Islamic sectarian categories (madhabs, Sunni/Shia division, the 72-73 firqas hadith) — a genuine bridge against divisive instinct, but must be fenced explicitly against importing formal sect-boundary categories onto Paul’s personality-cult problem (1:10-12; 3:3-4; 11:18).
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای معبد
Transliteration: da Khudai ma’bad
Doctrine: The Church and the Believer’s Body as God’s Temple
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ
Category: Church
3:16-17 — the corporate church as God’s Spirit-indwelt dwelling place. Real risk of confusion with a physical mosque/masjid-style building; teach as a metaphor for the gathered community, especially given the absence of legal public church buildings for this readership.
Temple Of Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: د روح القدس معبد
Transliteration: da Rooh-ul-Qudus ma’bad
Doctrine: The Church and the Believer’s Body as God’s Temple
Original: ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
6:19 — the individual believer’s body, distinct from ch.3’s corporate application; teach both senses distinctly so they are not collapsed into one reading.
Mysteries Of God
Approved rendering: راز
Transliteration: raaz
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Ministry
Original: μυστήρια θεοῦ
Category: Faith
4:1 — God’s previously hidden redemptive plan, now disclosed. Distinguish from Islamic ghayb (the permanently unseen, even to believers) — biblical mystērion moves in the opposite theological direction: from hidden to revealed.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: د مسیح بدن
Transliteration: da Masih badan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
12:12-27 — diverse members, one interdependent body. A strategic positive counter-model against qawm/khel (tribal/clan) based social division, and directly addresses the factionalism of chs.1-4.
Boasting
Approved rendering: فخر کول
Transliteration: fakhr kawul
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Sanctification
1:29,31; 3:21; 4:7 — fakhr is a deeply loaded honor-culture concept in Pashtunwali; Paul’s redirection of all boasting to the Lord alone is a direct, culturally sharp challenge to honor-based self-promotion. Flag for theologian review.
Marriage
Approved rendering: واده
Transliteration: waada
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος / γαμέω
Category: Church
Paul’s teaching on mutual consent and equal conjugal authority (7:3-5) cuts against both the family-negotiated-marriage default and typical patriarchal authority patterns in Pashtun tribal-alliance marriage.
Singleness
Approved rendering: مجرد والی
Transliteration: mujarad wali
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Church
7:8,32-35 — must be taught pastorally as a legitimate, honorable, Spirit-empowered calling, directly countering the social stigma an unmarried adult (especially a woman) can carry in an honor-shame culture.
Idol Meat
Approved rendering: بت ته وقف شوې غوښه
Transliteration: but ta waqf shawe ghwakha
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Church
chs.8,10 — risk of collapse into the fixed halal/haram legal-permissibility framework; teaching must explicitly distinguish Paul’s conscience-and-love-governed liberty ethic from a legal-categories ethic.
All Things To All People
Approved rendering: ټولو ته د ټولو په شان کیدل
Transliteration: tolo ta da tolo pa shan kedal
Doctrine: Mission and Contextualized Witness
Original: πάντα πᾶσιν
Category: Church
9:19-23 — Paul’s missionary flexibility; must be taught with careful attention to what safe, wise contextualization looks like for a persecuted house-church context, without implying compromise of core gospel content.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: نوی تړون
Transliteration: nawe tarun
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
11:25 — builds on the baseline covenant (تړون) entry; inaugurated through Christ’s sacrificial blood, not negotiated like Pashtunwali treaty-making.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: د بدن پیژندل
Transliteration: da badan pejandal
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνω τὸ σῶμα
Category: Church
11:29 — genuinely ambiguous in the Greek itself (symbolic-bread sense vs. corporate-unity sense); present both senses rather than collapsing to one reading.
Participation Koinonia
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا
Transliteration: malgartia
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
10:16 — a theologically weightier sacramental-participation sense than the baseline’s general Low-risk fellowship usage; retain the same term but accompany with explanatory teaching distinguishing the two weights.
Tongues
Approved rendering: ژبې
Transliteration: zhabe
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Church
12:10,28,30; chs.13-14 — real risk of conflation with regional Sufi ecstatic/trance practices (hal, wajd, dhikr). Distinguish explicitly from these mystical-union phenomena; the biblical gift requires interpretation for corporate benefit.
Head Headship
Approved rendering: سر
Transliteration: sar
Doctrine: Headship and Gender Roles in Corporate Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
11:3 — must be taught as Christ-modeled self-giving authority, not domination, given the already patriarchal default in Pashtun culture and the baseline’s own caution about پلار defaulting toward stern authority.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: د سر پوښل
Transliteration: da sar poshal
Doctrine: Headship and Gender Roles in Corporate Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτω / ἀκατακάλυπτος
Category: Church
11:4-16 — risk of collapsing into confirmation of an existing Islamic-style modesty requirement, or conversely being weaponized past the passage’s own mutual qualifications (11:11-12). Mandatory joint theologian and native speaker review.
Women Keep Silent
Approved rendering: ښځې دې چوپ اوسي
Transliteration: shkhze de chop osi
Doctrine: Headship and Gender Roles in Corporate Worship
Original: γυναῖκες σιγάτωσαν
Category: Church
14:34-35 — never teach in isolation from 11:5’s assumption that women do pray and prophesy aloud in the assembly. Mandatory theologian review paired explicitly with head_covering.
Preach Proclaim
Approved rendering: منادي کول
Transliteration: munadi kawul
Doctrine: Mission and Contextualized Witness
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Church
15:11 — preserve the official, public-herald force in the text itself, but teach safe, often quiet, relational proclamation methods for a persecuted context, distinguishing biblical-era public proclamation from safe witness today.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: مقدسه سلامي
Transliteration: moqaddasa salami
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Greeting
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
16:20 — a literal cross-gender kiss would be culturally inappropriate and unsafe; recommend a culturally appropriate same-sex handshake, embrace, or verbal blessing while preserving the doctrinal point of warm familial affection.
Medium Risk Terms
Calling
Approved rendering: بلنه
Transliteration: balana
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Extended usage in 7:20: ‘remain in the calling in which you were called’ — a state/condition sense not present in Romans. The direction of address (God calling a person) must remain explicit. Inherited from Romans package.
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسان
Transliteration: moqaddasan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Corporate sense for all believers, not an ascetic elite. 6:1-2’s ‘saints will judge the world’ extends this corporate designation into an eschatological role. Inherited from Romans package.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: روحاني ورکړې
Transliteration: rohani warkane
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: πνευματικά / χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Always retain روحاني (spiritual) so the phrase is not read as ordinary talent. Central topic of 1 Corinthians 12 and 14. Inherited from Romans package.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای پاچاهي
Transliteration: da Khudai pachahi
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Distinguish God’s spiritual reign from political-religious sovereignty claims. Used in 4:20’s rebuke of factional rhetoric and in 6:9-10, 15:24,50’s ethical/eschatological references. Inherited from Romans package.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: غیر یهودیان
Transliteration: gheyr yahudian
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: امتونه
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
NEVER امتونه (loaded Ummah-root plural). Occurs at 1:23; 5:1; 10:20,32; 12:2. Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
In 11:7,15 (‘woman is the glory of man’), the term carries a distinct relational-honor sense from the divine-glory occurrences elsewhere; do not conflate the two senses in teaching materials. Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای قدرت
Transliteration: da Khudai qodrat
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Same doctrinal category as Romans 1:16, here specifically tied to the cross’s paradoxical wisdom-and-power theme (1:18,24; 2:5). Inherited from Romans package.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: حماقت
Transliteration: hamaqat
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Christology
Preserve the paradox (foolish-looking wisdom that is in fact God’s saving power, 1:18,21,23,25); do not resolve the tension away by softening either term.
Mind Of Christ
Approved rendering: د مسیح ذهن
Transliteration: da Masih zehen
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: νοῦς Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
2:16 — relational, Spirit-given insight, not literal mind-merging or pantheistic absorption into Christ’s consciousness.
Received Tradition
Approved rendering: لاسته اخیستل
Transliteration: lasta akhistal
Doctrine: The Gospel’s Content and Apostolic Transmission
Original: παραλαμβάνω
Category: Faith
15:1,3 — conveys formal reception of a fixed, received deposit, not casual hearing; paired with delivered_tradition as a technical transmission formula.
Stewards
Approved rendering: کارګزار
Transliteration: karguzar
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Ministry
Rejected alternatives: متولي
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
4:1-2 — household managers of God’s mysteries. NEVER متولي (mutawali), which carries an unwanted Sufi shrine-custodian association.
Leaven
Approved rendering: خمیره
Transliteration: khamira
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη
Category: Sanctification
5:6-8 — a little sin corrupts the whole community; requires brief Passover-background teaching, since Passover is not part of the shared Islamic festival calendar.
Members
Approved rendering: غړي
Transliteration: ghari
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Church
First established at 6:15, reused identically through the extended body metaphor of 12:12-27 (eye, hand, foot, ear).
Natural Man
Approved rendering: نفساني انسان
Transliteration: nafsani insan
Doctrine: The Deity and Work of the Holy Spirit
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Faith
2:14 — ‘nafs’ carries rich Sufi resonance (the lower self) as a possible bridge, but must be distinguished from Sufi self-purification-by-ascetic-effort schemes; this is a Spirit-less state, not an unpurified one awaiting effort.
Spiritual Man
Approved rendering: روحاني انسان
Transliteration: rohani insan
Doctrine: The Deity and Work of the Holy Spirit
Original: πνευματικὸς
Category: Faith
2:15 — one who has the Spirit and can discern spiritual things; consistent with روحاني used in the baseline spiritual_gifts qualifier.
Carnal
Approved rendering: جسماني
Transliteration: jismani
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
3:1,3 — describes immature believers acting by worldly patterns, not unbelievers; distinguish from natural_man (ψυχικός).
Knowledge
Approved rendering: پوهه
Transliteration: poha
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Faith
8:1-2 — ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up’; relativizes correct theological knowledge under the higher priority of love, anticipating ch.13.
Virgin
Approved rendering: پیغله
Transliteration: peghla
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Church
7:25-38 — already carries strong honor-related connotations (virginity as a family-honor marker) independent of biblical usage; keep the doctrinal point (freedom to marry or remain single) distinct from unrelated honor-code anxieties.
Bondservant
Approved rendering: غلام
Transliteration: ghulam
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
7:21-23 — teach as historical NT social context, not a live legal category, preserving the point about spiritual freedom in Christ regardless of social status.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: ختنه
Transliteration: khatna
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία
Category: Covenant
7:18-19 — already a near-universal cultural-religious practice among Pashtun Muslims; the original Jew-Gentile boundary-marker significance needs explicit historical explanation.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: یو بدن
Transliteration: yaw badan
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: μία σάρξ
Category: Church
6:16 — quoting Genesis 2:24; requires OT background teaching to land with full force.
Conscience
Approved rendering: ضمیر
Transliteration: zamir
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Faith
8:7-12 — standard, well-understood term; the theological weight Paul gives to protecting another’s conscience over one’s own correct knowledge is a countercultural priority worth surfacing explicitly.
Liberty Right
Approved rendering: واک
Transliteration: waak
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Faith
8:9; 9:4-18 — emphasize voluntary self-limitation for love’s sake, not loss of the right itself.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: د پوکنیدو لامل
Transliteration: da poknedo laamil
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα
Category: Church
8:9,13 — prefer this plain phrase over an idiomatic equivalent to preserve doctrinal clarity.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: بت پرستي
Transliteration: but-parasti
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
10:14 — genuinely low-collision, sharing Islam’s strong anti-shirk stance; note that Paul’s concern extends to subtler participatory idolatry beyond crude image-worship.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ازموینه
Transliteration: azmoyina
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Faith
10:13 — God’s faithful provision of a way of escape; directly relevant pastoral assurance for a persecuted readership facing severe temptations to compromise or recant.
In Remembrance
Approved rendering: زما یادونه
Transliteration: zma yadawuna
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν
Category: Church
11:24-25 — establishes the Supper’s essential memorial character, pointing back to Christ’s death and forward to his return (v.26).
Examine Oneself
Approved rendering: ځان وازمویي
Transliteration: dzaan wa-azmoi
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: δοκιμαζέτω ἑαυτόν
Category: Church
11:28 — an ongoing spiritual accountability practice, not a one-time worthiness test.
Manifestation Of Spirit
Approved rendering: د روح ښکاره کیدل
Transliteration: da Rooh škara kedal
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Church
12:7 — each gift is a visible disclosure of the Spirit given for the common good; teach explicitly against individual status or spiritual elitism.
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: ژباړه
Transliteration: zhbara
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Church
14:5,13,26-28 — tongues must be accompanied by interpretation for corporate benefit, or exercised privately.
Hope
Approved rendering: امید
Transliteration: umeed
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
13:13 — distinguish biblical hope’s certainty (grounded in God’s character and the ch.15 resurrection) from ordinary uncertain or fatalistic everyday ‘umeed.‘
Persecuted
Approved rendering: ځورولی و
Transliteration: dzawrali wo
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Ministry
Original: διώκω
Category: Church
15:9 — Paul’s pre-conversion hostility; the reversal (persecutor becomes apostle) can be a source of hope for a currently persecuted readership, but handle sensitively given the acute real-world danger involved.
Labored
Approved rendering: زیار ایستل
Transliteration: zyar aystal
Doctrine: Providence and Grace in Ministry
Original: κοπιάω
Category: Church
15:10 — grace produces effort rather than excusing passivity; a corrective against any hearer who might think فضل implies no responsibility.
In Vain Empty
Approved rendering: خالي / بې ګټې
Transliteration: khali / be-ganre
Doctrine: Providence and Grace in Ministry
Original: εἰκῇ / κενός
Category: Faith
15:2,10,58 — two distinct Greek terms (eikē/kenos) with related but distinguishable nuance (faith without saving content vs. grace producing no result); do not conflate in teaching notes.
Crown Imperishable
Approved rendering: نه ختمیدونکی تاج
Transliteration: na khatmedunkay taj
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: στέφανος ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
9:24-27 — athletic-imagery imperishable reward; anticipates the imperishable vocabulary central to ch.15. Establish rendering here for reuse there.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا
Transliteration: malgartia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: شراکت
Native Pashto word avoiding the shirk-root resonance of شراکت. Note: in 10:16 this same word carries a theologically heavier sacramental-participation sense (see participation_koinonia entry) — distinguish the two weights in teaching. Inherited from Romans package.
Prophet
Approved rendering: پیغمبر
Transliteration: peghambar
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Pair with fuller Christological titles so this is never read as Christ’s or an apostle’s complete or final identity. One of the spiritual gifts listed in chs.12,14. Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوت
Transliteration: nabuwat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Low independent risk. Commended above uninterpreted tongues for corporate worship in 14:1-5,24-25. Inherited from Romans package.
Foundation
Approved rendering: بنسټ
Transliteration: bunsat
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Church
3:11 — Jesus Christ as the only foundation any teacher may build on; no major collision risk.
Edification
Approved rendering: ودانول
Transliteration: widanawul
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: οἰκοδομή
Category: Church
14:3,4,5,12,17,26 — the controlling criterion for all corporate worship practices addressed in chs.11-14.
Order In Worship
Approved rendering: په ادب او نظم سره
Transliteration: pa adab aw nazm sara
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν
Category: Church
14:40 — the chapter’s closing summary principle for all worship-practice instructions in chs.11-14.
Least Of Apostles
Approved rendering: تر ټولو کوچنی
Transliteration: tar tolo kochnai
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Ministry
Original: ἐλάχιστος
Category: Church
15:9 — in an honor-shame culture this self-lowering statement functions as a notable countercultural humility model, not status-seeking.
Worthy Sufficient
Approved rendering: وړ
Transliteration: war
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Ministry
Original: ἱκανός
Category: Church
15:9 — Paul disclaims worthiness by his own merit, setting up grace as the sole ground of apostolic legitimacy.
Reward
Approved rendering: بدله
Transliteration: badla
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Ministry
Original: μισθός
Category: Church
9:17-18 — Paul’s peculiar reward of preaching free of charge, surrendering a legitimate right for the gospel’s advance.
Collection For Saints
Approved rendering: چنده
Transliteration: chanda
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Greeting
Original: λογεία
Category: Church
16:1-3 — shares vocabulary with Islamic charitable-collection practice, a low-risk asset provided the cross-congregational Christian purpose is made explicit.
Referenced passages