Core Glossary
Revelation — Core Glossary
Destination language: Pashto | Curriculum: Revelation | Phase 1, Step 1
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across every chapter of Revelation (1-22), including the core passage (21:1-8). Terms marked (baseline) are fixed in the existing Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and are reused here exactly, with no deviation. New terms introduced by Revelation are marked (new) and are proposed here for addition to translation memory at the same enforcement priority. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto Rendering | Pashto Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Status | First Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός | theos | خدای | Khudai | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | (baseline) | 1:1 |
| 2 | Lord | κύριος | kyrios | خداوند | Khudawand | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | (baseline) | 1:8 |
| 3 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iēsous | عیسی | Isa | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | (baseline) | 1:1 |
| 4 | Christ / Messiah | Χριστός | Christos | مسیح | Masih | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | (baseline) | 1:1 |
| 5 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | pneuma hagion | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | Worship of the Lamb / Sovereignty of God | (baseline) | 1:4 |
| 6 | Holy | ἅγιος | hagios | مقدس | moqaddas | High | Sovereignty of God over History | (baseline) | 4:8 |
| 7 | Saints | ἅγιοι | hagioi | مقدسان | moqaddasan | High | Vindication of the Saints | (baseline) | 5:8 |
| 8 | Glory | δόξα | doxa | جلال | jalal | Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | (baseline) | 1:6 |
| 9 | Grace | χάρις | charis | فضل | fazal | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory | (baseline) | 1:4; 22:21 |
| 10 | Salvation | σωτηρία | sōtēria | نجات | nejat | Critical | Judgment of Wicked / Vindication of Saints | (baseline) | 7:10; 12:10; 19:1 |
| 11 | Faith | πίστις | pistis | ایمان | iman | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | (baseline) | 2:13; 13:10; 14:12 |
| 12 | Sin | ἁμαρτία | hamartia | ګناه | gunah | High | Judgment of the Wicked | (baseline) | 18:4-5 |
| 13 | Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | basileia tou theou | د خدای پاچاهي | da Khudai pachahi | Medium | The Return and Reign of Christ | (baseline) | 11:15; 12:10 |
| 14 | David | Δαυίδ | Dauid | داود | Dawud | Medium | Davidic Covenant | (baseline) | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| 15 | Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Israēl | اسرائیل | Esra’il | High | Judgment / Vindication (12 tribes) | (baseline) | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| 16 | Church(es) | ἐκκλησία | ekklēsia | کلیسا | kalisa | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ | (baseline) | 1:4, 11, 20; 2-3 passim |
| 17 | Election / chosen | ἐκλογή (concept) | eklogē | غوره کول | ghwara kawul | High | Vindication of the Saints (book of life) | (baseline) | 13:8; 17:8 (concept) |
| 18 | Providence | πρόνοια (concept) | pronoia | د خدای تدبیر | da Khudai tadbir | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | (baseline) | 1:1; 4:11; 17:17 |
| 19 | Prophet / Prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | prophētēs / prophēteia | پیغمبر / نبوت | peghambar / nabuwat | Low/High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (baseline) | 1:3; 10:7; 22:7,10,18-19 |
| 20 | Revelation (book title) | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | مکاشفه | mukashifa | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 1:1 |
| 21 | Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ | Alpha kai to O | الفا او اومیګا | Alfa aw Omega | Critical | The Sovereignty of God over History / Deity of Christ | (new) | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 |
| 22 | Almighty | παντοκράτωρ | pantokratōr | قادر مطلق | qadir-e-mutlaq | High | The Sovereignty of God over History | (new) | 1:8; 4:8; 19:6 |
| 23 | Son of Man | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου | huios anthrōpou | د انسان زوی | da insan zoy | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | (new) | 1:13; 14:14 |
| 24 | Testimony / Witness | μαρτυρία / μάρτυς | martyria / martys | شاهدي / شاهد | shahidi / shahid | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | (new) | 1:2, 9; 6:9; 11:3; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4 |
| 25 | Overcome / Conquer | νικάω | nikaō | بریالی کیدل | bryali kedal | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | (new) | 2:7 and throughout ch.2-3; 12:11; 21:7 |
| 26 | Key of David | κλεὶς τοῦ Δαυίδ | kleis tou Dauid | د داود کیلي | da Dawud kili | High | Davidic Covenant / Return and Reign of Christ | (new) | 3:7 |
| 27 | The Amen (title) | ὁ Ἀμήν | ho Amēn | آمین (as title) | Amin | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | (baseline word, new title-use) | 3:14 |
| 28 | Morning Star | ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός | astēr ho prōinos | سهار ستوری | sahar storay | High | Messianic Promise / Return and Reign of Christ | (new) | 2:28; 22:16 |
| 29 | Crown (victor’s wreath) | στέφανος | stephanos | تاج | taj | Medium | Vindication of the Saints | (new) | 2:10; 3:11; 4:4 |
| 30 | Diadem (royal crown) | διάδημα | diadēma | شاهي تاج | shahi taj | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | (new) | 12:3; 13:1; 19:12 |
| 31 | Throne | θρόνος | thronos | تخت | takht | Medium | The Sovereignty of God over History | (new) | 4:2 and throughout |
| 32 | Twenty-four Elders | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | مشران | mashran | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 4:4 |
| 33 | Living Creatures | ζῷα | zōa | ژوندي مخلوقات | zhwandi makhluqat | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | (new) | 4:6 |
| 34 | Seven Spirits | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | hepta pneumata | اووه روحان | owa rohan | High | Sovereignty of God / Trinitarian doctrine | (new) | 1:4; 4:5; 5:6 |
| 35 | Lamb | ἀρνίον | arnion | بره | bara | Critical | Worship of the Lamb / Judgment and Vindication | (new) | 5:6 and throughout |
| 36 | Worthy | ἄξιος | axios | وړ | war | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | (new) | 4:11; 5:9,12 |
| 37 | Scroll (sealed) | βιβλίον | biblion | طومار | tumar | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 5:1 |
| 38 | Book of Life | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | biblion tēs zōēs | د ژوند کتاب | da zhwand kitab | High | Vindication of the Saints / Assurance | (new) | 3:5; 13:8; 20:12,15; 21:27 |
| 39 | Seal / to seal | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω | sphragis / sphragizō | مهر | muhr | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 5:1; 7:3-8 |
| 40 | Redeemed / Purchased | ἀγοράζω | agorazō | پیرودل شوی | peerodal shaway | High | Judgment of the Wicked / Vindication of Saints | (new) | 5:9; 14:3-4 |
| 41 | Wrath of the Lamb | ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου | orgē tou arniou | د بره غضب | da bara ghazab | High | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 6:16 |
| 42 | Souls (of the dead) | ψυχαί | psychai | روحونه | rohuna | Medium | Vindication of the Saints | (new) | 6:9; 20:4 |
| 43 | White Robe(s) | στολαί / ἱμάτια λευκά | stolai / himatia leuka | سپینې جامې | spene jame | Medium | Vindication of the Saints | (new) | 3:5; 6:11; 7:9 |
| 44 | 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades | یو لک څلور څلویښت او څلور زره | (numeral) | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 7:4; 14:1 |
| 45 | Trumpet | σάλπιγξ | salpinx | بوق / شرنۍ | buq / surnai | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | (new) | 8:2 and ch.8-9 |
| 46 | Incense (prayers of saints) | θυμίαμα | thymiama | بخور | bakhur | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness (prayer) | (new) | 5:8; 8:3-4 |
| 47 | Star Wormwood | Ἄψινθος | Apsinthos | افسنتین | Afsantin | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 8:11 |
| 48 | Abyss / Bottomless Pit | ἄβυσσος | abyssos | د بی پایه کندی | da be-paya kandi | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 9:1-2; 20:1,3 |
| 49 | Locusts | ἀκρίδες | akrides | ملخان | malkhan | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 9:3 |
| 50 | Abaddon / Apollyon | Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων | Abaddōn / Apollyōn | ابدون | Abaddon | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 9:11 |
| 51 | Two Witnesses | δύο μάρτυρες | dyo martyres | دوه شاهدان | dwa shahidan | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | (new) | 11:3 |
| 52 | Woman clothed with the sun | γυνή | gynē (symbolic) | ښځه | khadza (symbolic figure) | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 12:1 |
| 53 | Dragon | δράκων | drakōn | اژدها | azhdaha | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | (new) | 12:3,9 |
| 54 | Satan / Devil | Σατανᾶς / διάβολος | Satanas / diabolos | شیطان | Shaytan | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | (new) | 12:9; 20:2,7,10 |
| 55 | Michael | Μιχαήλ | Michaēl | میکائیل | Mika’il | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | (new) | 12:7 |
| 56 | Accuser | κατήγορος | katēgoros | تورن کوونکی | toran kawunkay | Medium | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | (new) | 12:10 |
| 57 | Beast | θηρίον | thērion | حیوان | haiwan | High | Judgment of the Wicked / Symbolic Interpretation | (new) | 13:1,11 |
| 58 | Mark of the Beast | χάραγμα | charagma | نخښه / داغ | nekha / dagh | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 13:16-17 |
| 59 | 666 | ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ | hexakosioi hexēkonta hex | شمېره ۶۶۶ | shmera 666 | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 13:18 |
| 60 | Babylon | Βαβυλών | Babylōn | بابل | Babil | High | Judgment of the Wicked / Symbolic Interpretation | (new) | 14:8; 16:19; 17-18 |
| 61 | Blaspheme | βλασφημέω | blasphēmeō | سپکاوی کول / توهین کول | sapkawi kawul / tohin kawul | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 13:6; 16:9,11,21 |
| 62 | Great Prostitute / Harlot | πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη | pornē hē megalē | لویه فاحشه | loya fahisha | High | Judgment of the Wicked / Symbolic Interpretation | (new) | 17:1 |
| 63 | Marriage Supper of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | gamos tou arniou | د بره د واده ډوډۍ | da bara da wada dodai | High | The Church as Bride of Christ | (new) | 19:7,9 |
| 64 | Word of God (title) | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | ho Logos tou Theou | د خدای کلام | da Khudai kalam | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ / Incarnation | (new) | 19:13 |
| 65 | King of Kings, Lord of Lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | basileus basileōn kai kyrios kyriōn | د پاچاهانو پاچا او د خداوندانو خداوند | da pachahano pacha aw da khudawandano khudawand | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | (new) | 19:16 |
| 66 | Thousand Years / Millennium | χίλια ἔτη | chilia etē | زره کاله | zra kaala | Critical | The Return and Reign of Christ | (new) | 20:2-7 |
| 67 | Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Gōg kai Magōg | جوج او ماجوج | Jooj aw Majooj | Critical | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation / Final Victory | (new) | 20:8 |
| 68 | Great White Throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | thronos leukos megas | لوی سپین تخت | loy speen takht | High | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 20:11 |
| 69 | Hades | ᾅδης | Hadēs | د مړو ځای / هاډیس | da mrro dzay / Hades | High | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14 |
| 70 | Second Death | δεύτερος θάνατος | deuteros thanatos | دوهم مرګ | dohem marg | High | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8 |
| 71 | Lake of Fire | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | limnē tou pyros | د اور ډنډ | da or dand | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8 |
| 72 | New (qualitative) | καινός | kainos | نوی | nawe | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | (new) | 21:1,2,5 |
| 73 | New Jerusalem | Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή | Ierousalēm kainē | نوی یروشلم | nawe Yerushalim | High | The New Heaven and New Earth | (new) | 3:12; 21:2 |
| 74 | Bride | νύμφη | nymphē | ناوې | nawe (bride) | High | The Church as Bride of Christ | (new) | 19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17 |
| 75 | Tabernacle / Dwelling | σκηνή | skēnē | استوگنه / سکونت | ostoguna | Medium | Sovereignty of God / Incarnation echo | (new) | 21:3 |
| 76 | Spring/River of the Water of Life | πηγή / ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς | pēgē / potamos hydatos zōēs | د ژوند اوبو سرچینه / سیند | da zhwand obo sarchina / seend | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | (new) | 21:6; 22:1 |
| 77 | Tree of Life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | xylon tēs zōēs | د ژوند ونه | da zhwand wana | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | (new) | 2:7; 22:2,14 |
| 78 | Curse (removal of) | κατάρα | katara | لعنت | la’nat | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | (new) | 22:3 |
| 79 | Servant(s) / bond-servant | δοῦλος | doulos | بنده / غلام | banda | Medium | Worship of the Lamb / Sovereignty of God | (new) | 1:1; 7:3; 22:3 |
| 80 | Angel | ἄγγελος | angelos | پرښته | preshta | Medium | Worship of the Lamb (angel-worship prohibition) | (new) | 1:1 and throughout |
| 81 | Worship (prostrate) | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | سجده کول | sajda kawul | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | (new) | 5:14; 13:4,8; 19:10; 22:8-9 |
| 82 | Serve/Worship (cultic) | λατρεύω | latreuō | عبادت کول | ibadat kawul | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | (new) | 7:15; 22:3 |
| 83 | Endurance / Perseverance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | زغم / صبر | zeghm / sabr | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | (new) | 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 |
| 84 | Cowardly | δειλός | deilos | ډارن / بې زړه | daran / be zra | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | (new) | 21:8 |
| 85 | Faithless | ἄπιστος | apistos | بې ایمانه | be imana | High | Faith | (new, from baseline “faith”) | 21:8 |
| 86 | Sorcerer | φαρμακός | pharmakos | جادوګر | jadugar | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 21:8; 22:15 |
| 87 | Idolater | εἰδωλολάτρης | eidōlolatrēs | بت پرست | but-parast | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | (new) | 21:8; 22:15 |
| 88 | Lion of Judah / Root of David | ὁ λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα / ῥίζα Δαυίδ | ho leōn ek tēs phylēs Iouda / rhiza Dauid | د یهودا زمری / د داود ریښه | da Yahuda zmaray / da Dawud reesha | High | Davidic Covenant / Messianic Promise | (new) | 5:5; 22:16 |
| 89 | Inherit / Inheritance | κληρονομέω | klēronomeō | ورثه | waratha | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | (new, extends baseline “adoption”) | 21:7 |
| 90 | Blessed and trustworthy words | πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί | pistoi kai alēthinoi | ایماندار او رښتینی | imandar aw rishtinay | High | Inspiration of Scripture | (new) | 21:5; 22:6 |
| 91 | It is done | γέγονεν | gegonen | دا سرته رسیدلی دی | da sarta rasedali dai | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | (new) | 16:17; 21:6 |
| 92 | Freely / without payment | δωρεάν | dōrean | وړیا / بې بدله | waraya / be badla | High | Grace | (new, extends baseline “grace”) | 21:6; 22:17 |
| 93 | Kingdom and Priests | βασιλεία καὶ ἱερεῖς | basileia kai hiereis | پاچاهي او کاهنان | pachahi aw kahanan | Medium | The Church as Bride of Christ | (new) | 1:6; 5:10 |
| 94 | Sea (chaos symbol) | θάλασσα | thalassa | بحر / سمندر | bahar / samandar | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | (new) | 4:6; 13:1; 21:1 |
| 95 | Death (personified) | θάνατος | thanatos | مرګ | marg | High | Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | (new) | 6:8; 20:13-14; 21:4 |
| 96 | Judgment / Verdict | κρίσις / κρίμα | krisis / krima | فیصله / قضاوت | faisala / qadhawat | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | (new) | 14:7; 16:7; 18:10; 19:2; 20:12 |
Notes on Enforcement
- All rows marked (baseline) must be copied into Phase 2 translation memory with zero deviation from the existing Romans
translation_memory.jsonentries. - All rows marked (new) are proposed additions to translation memory at the risk tier indicated; Critical and High entries require human theologian review before first use in Phase 2, per the same escalation rules established in
12_ai_translation_requirements.md. - Terms #35 (Lamb), #81-82 (worship/proskyneō and latreuō), #21 (Alpha and Omega), #23 (Son of Man), #64 (Word of God), and #65 (King of Kings/Lord of Lords) together constitute the primary Deity-of-Christ / Worship-of-the-Lamb argument of Revelation and must be treated with the same absolute enforcement priority the baseline gives “lord,” “son_of_god,” and “incarnation.”
- Term #24 (Testimony/Witness) and #51 (Two Witnesses) require the most careful, explicit disambiguation from شهید (shaheed) of any term in this glossary, given the severe real-world stakes for a persecuted Muslim-background-believer readership; see full grounded reasoning in
07_semantic_analysis.md, Chapter 11 and 1 sections. - Term #66 (Millennium) and #67 (Gog and Magog) require explicit comparative framing against mainstream Sunni end-times expectation (Mahdi/Dajjal scheme; Ya’juj wa Ma’juj) per the same principle already established for “messiah” in the baseline registry.
- Term #71 (Lake of Fire) and its supporting terms (#38 Book of Life, #68 Great White Throne, #96 Judgment) must consistently be taught against the deeds-weighing (mizan) framework caution already established for baseline “salvation” and “righteousness.”
This glossary must be loaded alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md, the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before any Phase 2 Revelation segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation, titles otherwise reserved for God alone (Alpha and Omega, Almighty, worship) are also applied to Christ (1:8,17; 5:8-14; 22:13); خدای must always denote the true triune God and never collapse the distinct Persons taught elsewhere in the book.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Climaxes in ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (19:16) and the book’s final invocation ‘Come, Lord Jesus’ (22:20); render identically at every occurrence, never softened to a merely honorary title.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative must be actively corrected at every occurrence, especially the climactic 22:20 invocation.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Davidic Covenant
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied throughout Revelation to the slain and reigning Lamb who alone is worthy to open the scroll and returns as King of kings; every occurrence must assert unique redemptive sufficiency against the Quranic honored-prophet-only reading and the Sunni Mahdi/Dajjal scheme.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must be taught alongside and distinguished from the symbolic ‘seven spirits’ figure (1:4; 4:5; 5:6) so the one divine Spirit is not fragmented into seven created angelic beings.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Celebrated in heaven’s victory hymns (7:10; 12:10; 19:1); continue invoking the nanawatai cultural bridge for substitutionary atonement where helpful.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the honor-restoration bridging needed for the white robes (7:14; 19:8) and the Great White Throne judgment (20:11-15); frame around Christ, never an independent deeds-balance (mizan).
Justification
Approved rendering: صادق ګڼل کیدل
Transliteration: sadiq ganal kedal
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Inherited from Romans package. The book of life (20:12,15) and white/fine-linen robes (7:14; 19:8) must be taught as God’s declared/credited righteousness, not the mizan deeds-weighing framework.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: محسوبه شوی صداقت
Transliteration: mahsuba shway sadaqat
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: لاسته راوړی صداقت
Inherited from Romans package. White robes and the bride’s ‘fine linen’ (6:11; 7:9; 19:8) are given/credited, never earned; the forbidden alternative remains forbidden here.
Adoption
Approved rendering: زوی نیول
Transliteration: zoy neyol
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance in God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Revelation 21:7’s inheritance promise to the overcomer; the same Pashtun patrilineal-inheritance collision documented in the baseline applies with full force.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: بیا راژوندي کیدل
Transliteration: bya rajwandi kedal
Doctrine: Intermediate State and Final Judgment
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Includes the ‘first resurrection’ (20:5-6) and the general resurrection of the dead for judgment (20:12-13); this two-stage structure needs oral/narrative teaching given lower baseline literacy.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای زوی
Transliteration: da Khudai zoy
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (extended through Revelation’s titles)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘Son of Man’ Christophany (1:13; 14:14) fusing human and divine imagery; must never be read as merely honorary or metaphorical sonship.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: تجسد
Transliteration: tajassud
Doctrine: New Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Inherited from Romans package. God’s tabernacling presence with his people (21:3, skene) is the eschatological fulfillment of this doctrine; connect explicitly rather than leaving as a vague future closeness.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed directly in chs. 2-3; teach with a dispersed, often secret persecuted house-church community explicitly in view, consistent with Revelation’s own persecution setting.
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: New Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Inherited from Romans package. ‘His people, their God’ (21:3,7) culminates the Father-child covenant relationship; contrast Pashtun patriarchal-authority connotations with Revelation’s full-inheritance warmth (21:7).
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: الفا او اومیګا، پیل او پای
Transliteration: Alfa aw Omega, pail aw pai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (extended through Revelation’s titles)
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God
Applied identically to God the Father (1:8; 21:6) and to Christ (22:13). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence regardless of speaker; never softened or split into two different Pashto renderings, per the same cross-document consistency principle the baseline applies to Romans 10:9-10.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: د انسان زوی
Transliteration: da insan zoy
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (extended through Revelation’s titles)
Original: ὅμοιος υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
The glorified Christ (1:13; 14:14) described with attributes of deity (eyes like fire, hair white like the Ancient of Days, keys of Death and Hades). One of the strongest deity-of-Christ texts in the book; must never be softened to imply merely an exalted human figure.
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: شاهد / شاهدي
Transliteration: shahid / shahidi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: شهید, شهادت (in the martyrdom-title sense)
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
Highest-stakes disambiguation in the whole curriculum. The root ش-ه-د also produces شهید (shaheed), the entrenched Islamic honor-category for a violent jihad-martyr guaranteed paradise. Revelation’s μάρτυς/μαρτυρία (1:2,9; 6:9; 11:3; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4) is non-violent, verbal, Christ-following testimony vindicated by God, not military or honor-code martyrdom. NEVER use a title-noun for believers killed for their testimony; always render descriptively (“د شاهدۍ له امله وژل شوی” — killed because of their witness).
Lamb
Approved rendering: بره
Transliteration: bara
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
The primary Christological title in Revelation (28 occurrences): the slain, risen, enthroned, worshiped Christ. Two converging risks: (1) sacrificial imagery could be flattened into repeatable Eid al-Adha (qorbani) ritual-sacrifice logic rather than Christ’s once-for-all atonement; (2) the scene of all creation worshiping the slain Lamb with the same worship given to God (5:8-14) is the book’s clearest assertion of Christ’s full deity and must never be softened.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: دوه شاهدان
Transliteration: dwa shahidan
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: شهیدان
Original: οἱ δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance
Two prophetic figures who testify faithfully, are killed by the beast, and are vindicated by resurrection (11:3-12) — the template for the whole church’s calling. Same shahid/shaheed collision risk as testimony_witness; never framed as martyrdom-operation heroism; their killing must be described, not titled.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: سپکاوی کول / توهین کول
Transliteration: sapkawi kawul / tohin kawul
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against God (Forbidden Legal-Term Risk)
Rejected alternatives: کفر
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Judgment
To speak evil of or revile God, describing the unrepentant wicked’s response to judgment (13:6; 16:9,11,21). کفر must NEVER be used: it is the technical Islamic legal category underlying apostasy law and would endanger convert readers’ lives if applied here. Use only the descriptive phrase.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای کلام
Transliteration: da Khudai kalam
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (extended through Revelation’s titles)
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
A title of the returning Christ (19:13), directly paralleling John 1:1,14. کلام carries its own weighty resonance in Islamic theology (the Qur’an as God’s uncreated Speech); must be carefully distinguished from the unique claim that God’s eternal Word is a Person, Jesus Christ, not a book.
King Of Kings
Approved rendering: د پاچاهانو پاچا او د خداوندانو خداوند
Transliteration: da pachahano pacha aw da khudawandano khudawand
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
The supreme, unshared royal-and-lordly title claimed for the returning Christ (19:16). Must never be softened to a merely honorary or subordinate kingship; directly continues the baseline’s Critical ‘lord’ entry.
Millennium
Approved rendering: زره کاله
Transliteration: zra kaala
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
The thousand-year reign of Christ and the saints (20:2-7). Directly collides with mainstream Sunni end-times expectation of a Mahdi-led golden age; must clarify this is Christ’s own reign, in continuity with his first coming. No settled prior Pashto theological coinage exists for this concept; plain numeral phrase retained deliberately, with explicit teaching apparatus rather than an artificial technical neologism. Historic Christian interpretive diversity over this period must be represented fairly.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: جوج او ماجوج
Transliteration: Jooj aw Majooj
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Eschatology
OT apocalyptic names for a final, symbolic rebellion against God’s reign, crushed at Christ’s word (20:8). Near-identical to Ya’juj wa Ma’juj (یاجوج و ماجوج), a major Qur’anic end-times tradition (18:94; 21:96) with a different narrative shape; must be explicitly distinguished, never silently equated.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: د اور ډنډ
Transliteration: da or dand
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
The place of final, irrevocable judgment for the devil, the beast, the false prophet, Death, Hades, and all whose names are not in the book of life (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8). Sits alongside دوزخ/Jahannam in the surrounding worldview’s mizan deeds-weighing framework; must be taught as grounded specifically in one’s relationship to Christ (name in the book of life), not a balance of deeds.
Worship Proskyneo
Approved rendering: سجده کول
Transliteration: sajda kawul
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
Physical prostration in reverence, whether idolatrous, angelic, or rightly directed to God/the Lamb alone (5:14; 13:4,8,12; 19:10; 22:8-9). سجده is the exact technical term for Islamic prayer prostration to God alone; NEVER soften to mere ‘honor’ or ‘respect’ when applied to the Lamb. The explicit refusals of angel-worship (19:10; 22:8-9) should be actively highlighted as common ground without undercutting the Lamb’s deity claim.
Serve Latreuo
Approved rendering: عبادت کول
Transliteration: ibadat kawul
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Cultic religious service/worship rendered to God and the Lamb together in the new creation (7:15; 22:3). عبادت is the precise technical term for worship due to God alone in Islamic theology (ibadah); its application to service rendered to God and the Lamb together is an explicit assertion of the Lamb’s shared deity.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: ورثه
Transliteration: waratha
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance in God’s Family
Original: κληρονομέω
Category: Salvation
Full inheritance status granted to the overcomer (21:7), extending the baseline’s adoption doctrine. A non-blood-descended believer receiving full inheritance is an especially sharp departure from Pashtun tribal-lineage (qawm/khel) norms and must be taught explicitly.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the heavenly Trisagion (4:8); keep anchored to the specific triune-God worship scene, not generic regional liturgical chant.
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسان
Transliteration: moqaddasan
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Corporate designation for the whole persecuted church (5:8; 8:3-4; 13:7-10; 19:8), whose prayers ascend before God’s throne and who are ultimately vindicated; not an ascetic elite.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Opens and closes the book (1:4; 22:21) and underlies the free gift of the water of life (21:6; 22:17); must not read as a reciprocity-creating gift under the melmastia hospitality code.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Named as a mark of those who keep God’s commands under persecution (2:13; 13:10; 14:12); personal trust in Christ maintained under threat of death, not loyalty to Islamic creed or Pashtunwali honor-code.
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the call to ‘come out’ of Babylon (18:4-5).
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostolic Foundation of the Church
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applied corporately to the twelve foundation-stones of the New Jerusalem (21:14) and grouped with prophets (18:20); collides with Muhammad’s defining rasul title and requires the same clarification as the baseline entry.
Covenant
Approved rendering: تړون
Transliteration: tarun
Doctrine: New Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Original: διαθήκη (concept, cf. Lev 26:12 echo)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reaches final fulfillment in ‘they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God’ (21:3,7); distinguish from Pashtunwali’s own negotiated-between-equals treaty-making.
Election
Approved rendering: غوره کول
Transliteration: ghwara kawul
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἐκλογή (concept)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Expressed through the book of life, whose names ‘were written before the foundation of the world’ (13:8; 17:8); God’s free redemptive choice unrelated to tribal lineage.
Mission
Approved rendering: ماموریت
Transliteration: ma’muriyat
Doctrine: The Eternal Gospel and Universal Proclamation
Inherited from Romans package. The ‘eternal gospel’ proclaimed to every nation, tribe, language, and people (14:6) carries the same severe, potentially life-threatening safety risk already documented for evangelism.
Israel
Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: Esra’il
Doctrine: Unity of All Nations, Tribes, and Peoples
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Symbolically represented in the twelve tribes sealed (7:4) and the twelve gates of the New Jerusalem (21:12); requires deliberate pastoral framing alongside the universal ‘every nation’ (7:9).
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: The Eternal Gospel and Universal Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears as the ‘eternal gospel’ (14:6); must be taught as the NT record itself, not a lost predecessor text superseded per the tahrif assumption.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdis
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘holy city’ and washed-robes imagery of Revelation; distinguish from ritual purification.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: د داود نسل
Transliteration: da Dawud nasl
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually parallel to Revelation’s ‘Lion of Judah / Root of David’ titles (5:5; 22:16).
Revelation Apokalypsis
Approved rendering: مکاشفه
Transliteration: mukashifa
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Prophecy
Book title. مکاشفه shares its exact root with Sufi kashf, a technical term for a mystic’s direct spiritual illumination; must be taught as a specific, historically anchored prophetic disclosure about Christ’s return and reign, not generic mystical experience. Retained as the settled existing Pashto Bible-translation title for the book rather than a fresh coinage.
Almighty
Approved rendering: قادر مطلق
Transliteration: qadir-e-mutlaq
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
Parallels the standard Quranic al-Qadir title for God the Father (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22), broadly compatible; but when its force extends to Christ (via 1:17-18) it becomes part of the deity-of-Christ argument and must not be flattened to a generic honorific.
Overcome
Approved rendering: بریالی کیدل
Transliteration: bryali kedal
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: νικάω
Category: Perseverance
Central exhortation of the seven letters (chs. 2-3) and the key to victory over the dragon (12:11; 21:7). Must be taught as faithful endurance and trust in Christ’s finished victory, never as a call to violent or honor-restoring conquest (avoiding both jihad-victory rhetoric and Pashtunwali nang-honor-victory framing); never collocated with battlefield/weapon vocabulary even metaphorically.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: د داود کیلي
Transliteration: da Dawud kili
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Davidic Covenant
Original: ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Christ’s unique, absolute messianic authority to open/shut access to God’s kingdom (3:7), fulfilling Isaiah 22:22. Dawud is a positively regarded Quranic figure but without the covenant-king-to-Messiah typology, which must be taught explicitly.
The Amen
Approved rendering: آمین (د لقب په توګه)
Transliteration: Amin
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ Ἀμήν
Category: Christology
A personal title of Christ as ‘the faithful and true witness’ (3:14), reusing the fixed liturgical response word as a divine title. Must be clearly signaled as a title, not merely an affirmation-word, and connects directly to the testimony_witness entry.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: سهار ستوری
Transliteration: sahar storay
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Davidic Covenant
Original: ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
A messianic title given to overcomers (2:28) and claimed by Christ himself (22:16), echoing Numbers 24:17. Must be carefully distinguished from the unrelated, non-biblical popular ‘Lucifer/day star’ tradition sometimes associated with Satan, so readers do not confuse a title of Christ with a title of the enemy.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: اووه روحان
Transliteration: owa rohan
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Symbolic representation of the fullness of the one Holy Spirit (Isa 11:2 echo; 1:4; 4:5; 5:6), not seven distinct spirit-beings. Without explicit clarification this risks being read as seven separate created angelic spirits paralleling Islamic angelology (malaika).
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: د ژوند کتاب
Transliteration: da zhwand kitab
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
The record of those belonging to God, determinative at the final judgment (3:5; 13:8; 20:12,15; 21:27). Ties directly to the baseline’s Critical election/effectual-calling doctrine; must not be taught as a record of merit.
Redeemed
Approved rendering: پیرودل شوی
Transliteration: peerodal shaway
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
Purchased by the Lamb’s blood from every tribe, language, people, and nation (5:9; 14:3-4). The commercial-purchase image parallels the Pashtunwali badal debt-repayment logic already flagged in the baseline; the price paid is Christ’s own substitutionary death settling the debt once for all, not a repayable transaction.
Wrath Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: د بره غضب
Transliteration: da bara ghazab
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Judgment
The deliberate juxtaposition of the Lamb’s gentleness with his role executing final judgment (6:16). Must not be resolved by softening either term; connects judgment to the Lamb’s own identity rather than an impersonal cosmic force.
Dragon
Approved rendering: اژدها
Transliteration: azhdaha
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: δράκων
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Explicitly identified in the text as ‘that ancient serpent… the Devil and Satan’ (12:9). This in-text identification must always be retained together, so اژدها is never read merely as a generic folkloric monster.
Satan
Approved rendering: شیطان
Transliteration: Shaytan
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: Σατανᾶς / διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The personal, powerful, but already judicially defeated cosmic enemy (12:9-12; 20:2,7,10). Shares its name with the folk-diminished Islamic Shaytan/Iblis; must be taught as decisively and finally defeated, a finality claim mainstream Islamic eschatology does not make in the same terms.
Beast
Approved rendering: حیوان
Transliteration: haiwan
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: θηρίον
Category: Symbolism
A monstrous symbolic figure for an anti-Christian political-religious power (sea-beast, 13:1-10) and its propagandist ally (earth-beast/false prophet, 13:11-18). Easily and dangerously over-literalized into identification with specific present-day political powers or leaders; teaching must resist both trivializing and reckless contemporary identification.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: نخښه / داغ
Transliteration: nekha / dagh
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Symbolism
A mark of ownership/allegiance to the beast, the deliberate opposite of the sealing of the 144,000 (13:16-17). Extremely susceptible to sensationalist literalistic folk speculation (modern technology, currency); must be taught as symbolic allegiance-marking.
Number 666
Approved rendering: شمېره ۶۶۶
Transliteration: shmera 666
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Symbolism
Symbolic numerology (13:18), likely denoting a specific historical figure and/or a number falling short of the perfection of seven. Must be taught with explicit numerological/symbolic caution to prevent date-setting or persecutor-identification excesses.
Babylon
Approved rendering: بابل
Transliteration: Babil
Doctrine: Separation unto God’s Service (Come Out of Babylon)
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Judgment
Historical empire-name reused symbolically for the final, complete system of God-opposing worldly power (chs. 14, 16-18). Babil also carries Qur’anic sorcery associations (2:102); the symbolic sense must be taught explicitly, never identified with a single present-day nation-state.
Great Prostitute
Approved rendering: لویه فاحشه
Transliteration: loya fahisha
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
A symbolic figure for a corrupt world-system/empire allied with idolatry and violence against God’s people, seated on the beast (17:1). Corporate, symbolic imagery, not a comment on women or any specific ethnic/religious group; the symbolic referent must be made explicit.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: د بره د واده ډوډۍ
Transliteration: da bara da wada dodai
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
The consummation of the bride (church) and Lamb (Christ) imagery (19:7,9). Compounds both the Lamb’s deity-worship risk and the bride metaphor’s tawhid-marriage-to-God collision; teach as corporate covenant-love consummation, never a literal deity-human marriage claim.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: لوی سپین تخت
Transliteration: loy speen takht
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: Judgment
The final judgment scene (20:11), where the dead are judged by what is written in the books and the book of life. Must be taught alongside justification/righteousness so judgment is framed around union with Christ, not an independent deeds-weighing scale (mizan). Qualifier words (لوی, سپین) are load-bearing and must never be dropped.
Hades
Approved rendering: د مړو ځای / هاډیس
Transliteration: da mrro dzay / Hades
Doctrine: Intermediate State and Final Judgment
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
The intermediate realm/place of the dead, distinct from both the abyss and the final lake of fire, personified alongside Death (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). Must be kept distinct from the region’s more generic barzakh intermediate-state category.
Second Death
Approved rendering: دوهم مرګ
Transliteration: dohem marg
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δεύτερος θάνατος
Category: Judgment
Final, eternal separation from God in the lake of fire, contrasted with ordinary physical death (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8). Must be explicitly distinguished from ordinary death (21:4, which is abolished).
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: نوی یروشلم
Transliteration: nawe Yerushalim
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology
The consummated, heavenly people-of-God-as-city descending from God (3:12; 21:2). Jerusalem/al-Quds carries acute contemporary geopolitical and pan-Islamic religious sensitivity; must be taught unambiguously as the eschatological bride-city descending from God, decisively distinguished from any modern-day political territorial claim.
Bride
Approved rendering: ناوې
Transliteration: nawe (bride)
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
The church corporately as Christ’s beloved, covenantally bound bride (19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17). Islamic theology has no marriage-to-God metaphor; risks being heard as a literal deity-human marriage claim rather than the intended corporate covenant-love metaphor. Bridal purity/honor must be reframed around Christ’s given righteousness (see imputed_righteousness), not the bride’s own achieved honor. NOTE: distinct word from new_qualitative (نوی) despite similar spelling — flag for careful typesetting.
Endurance
Approved rendering: زغم / صبر
Transliteration: zeghm / sabr
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
Patient, faithful endurance under persecution (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12). Must be taught as endurance grounded in Christ’s finished victory, not stoic self-reliance or an honor-code endurance test.
Cowardly
Approved rendering: ډارن / بې زړه
Transliteration: daran / be zra
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλός
Category: Perseverance
Fear that leads to denial of Christ under pressure, the opposite of the ‘overcomer’ (21:8). Must be taught pastorally for a genuinely persecuted readership so as not to induce despair or condemnation for those who have felt fear, while preserving the text’s warning.
Faithless
Approved rendering: بې ایمانه
Transliteration: be imana
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ἄπιστος
Category: Faith
Without faith, unbelieving; negation of ایمان, listed among those excluded from the new creation (21:8). Directly ties to the baseline High-risk faith doctrine.
Lion Of Judah
Approved rendering: د یهودا زمری / د داود ریښه
Transliteration: da Yahuda zmaray / da Dawud reesha
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Davidic Covenant
Original: ὁ λέων ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα / ἡ ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Davidic/messianic titles for Christ (5:5; 22:16). The covenant-king-to-Messiah typology must be taught explicitly, not assumed from the shared Quranic Dawud figure alone.
Trustworthy And True
Approved rendering: ایماندار او رښتینی
Transliteration: imandar aw rishtinay
Doctrine: Inspiration and Finality of This Prophecy
Original: πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί
Category: Prophecy
Divine self-authentication of the prophetic word (21:5; 22:6). Must not be worded so as to unintentionally reinforce a tahrif (later-revelation-supersedes-earlier) framework foreign to the intended sense of God’s unchanging, once-for-all trustworthy word.
Freely
Approved rendering: وړیا / بې بدله
Transliteration: waraya / be badla
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
As a free gift, without repayment; describing the water of life (21:6; 22:17). Must explicitly avoid any implication of reciprocal obligation, per the baseline’s grace note on melmastia hospitality-code reciprocity.
Death
Approved rendering: مرګ
Transliteration: marg
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: θάνατος
Category: Eschatology
Physical death, personified as a cosmic enemy finally abolished (6:8; 20:13-14; 21:4). Must be distinguished from the ‘second death’ (21:8), which is not abolished.
Judgment
Approved rendering: فیصله / قضاوت
Transliteration: faisala / qadhawat
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: κρίσις / κρίμα
Category: Judgment
God’s righteous verdict against evil (14:7; 16:7; 18:10; 19:2; 20:12). Must be taught as personal, righteous divine verdict grounded in Christ, not an impersonal cosmic balancing (mizan) of deeds.
Nations
Approved rendering: ملتونه
Transliteration: malatuna
Doctrine: Unity of All Nations, Tribes, and Peoples
Rejected alternatives: امتونه
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
The nations/peoples of the earth who bring their glory into the New Jerusalem (21:24-26) and are healed by the tree of life (22:2) — a broader sense than the baseline’s narrower Jew/Gentile contrast. Must challenge Pashtun tribal-lineage (qawm) hierarchy while avoiding any sound of generic religious pluralism.
Medium Risk Terms
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reflected in the New Jerusalem’s precious stones and pure gold (21:11,23); anchor to Christ’s specific historical glory, not generalized Sufi-adjacent mystical splendor.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای پاچاهي
Transliteration: da Khudai pachahi
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Declared consummated at the seventh trumpet (‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord,’ 11:15; 12:10); must not be read through ‘Islamic Emirate’ political-sovereignty framing.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: غیر یهودیان
Transliteration: gheyr yahudian
Doctrine: Unity of All Nations, Tribes, and Peoples
Rejected alternatives: امتونه
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation’s own vision widens far beyond the Jew/non-Jew contrast to ‘every nation, tribe, people, language’ (5:9; 7:9); see new term ‘nations’ (ملتونه) for this broader Revelation-specific sense.
Providence
Approved rendering: د خدای تدبیر
Transliteration: da Khudai tadbir
Doctrine: Providence Governing Earthly Powers
Original: πρόνοια (concept)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Includes God’s sovereign purpose accomplished even through hostile earthly powers (17:17); must not suggest divine endorsement of the beast’s actions or collapse into folk qadar fatalism.
David
Approved rendering: داود
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Source of the messianic royal titles applied to Christ (‘key of David,’ 3:7; ‘Root of David,’ 5:5, 22:16); supply the covenant-king-to-Messiah typology explicitly at every occurrence.
Intercession
Approved rendering: منځګړیتوب
Transliteration: manzgaritob
Doctrine: Heavenly Intercession and the Prayers of the Saints
Inherited from Romans package. The saints’ prayers ascend with incense before God’s throne (5:8; 8:3-4); keep distinct from any suggestion that a created intermediary (angel) receives the prayers directly.
Crown Stephanos
Approved rendering: تاج
Transliteration: taj
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: στέφανος
Category: Vindication
The victor’s wreath given for faithful endurance (2:10; 3:11; 4:4), distinct from the royal diadem. تاج can suggest a royal crown; teachers must clarify this is specifically the perseverance-reward wreath, not sovereign kingship.
Diadem
Approved rendering: شاهي تاج
Transliteration: shahi taj
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: διάδημα
Category: Kingdom
The royal crown of sovereignty, worn by the dragon (12:3) and beast (13:1) in blasphemous parody, and rightfully by Christ (19:12). Must be visibly distinguished from crown_stephanos so the parody structure is preserved.
Throne
Approved rendering: تخت
Transliteration: takht
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
God’s (and the Lamb’s, 22:1,3) sovereign seat of rule over history, the central image of ch. 4 and throughout. Must be anchored to God’s unshared cosmic sovereignty, not read as merely another regional political monarchy.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: مشران
Transliteration: mashran
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Symbolism
Twenty-four enthroned figures (4:4) likely representing the whole redeemed covenant people, OT and NT together. Must be taught as symbolic, not a literal headcount.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: ژوندي مخلوقات
Transliteration: zhwandi makhluqat
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα
Category: Worship
Four worshiping heavenly beings surrounding God’s throne (4:6-8). Ensure this Pashto vocabulary is visibly distinct from that chosen for حیوان (beast, ch. 13) so readers do not conflate worshipful heavenly beings with the book’s antagonists.
Worthy
Approved rendering: وړ
Transliteration: war
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
The Lamb’s unique worthiness to open the scroll and receive worship (4:11; 5:9,12), grounded explicitly in his sacrificial death (‘for you were slain,’ 5:9). Tie to this stated reason, not merely abstract greatness.
Scroll
Approved rendering: طومار
Transliteration: tumar
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: βιβλίον
Category: Symbolism
The sealed scroll of judgment and redemptive purpose (5:1) that only the Lamb is worthy to open. Distinguished from کتاب (book of life) so readers do not conflate the two documents.
Seal
Approved rendering: مهر
Transliteration: muhr
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Symbolism
Mark of ownership/security (144,000, ch. 7) or of secrecy/authority (the scroll’s seals, chs. 5-6) depending on context. Context must clarify which sense is active.
Souls
Approved rendering: روحونه
Transliteration: rohuna
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψυχαί
Category: Eschatology
The conscious, disembodied dead awaiting vindication under the altar (6:9; 20:4). Connects to intermediate-state teaching; keep distinct from the final resurrection state.
White Robes
Approved rendering: سپینې جامې
Transliteration: spene jame
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: στολαί / ἱμάτια λευκά
Category: Salvation
Robes given, not earned, to the martyrs and overcomers (3:5; 6:11; 7:9). Connects directly to imputed_righteousness: righteousness given/credited, not self-produced.
Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: یو لک څلور څلویښت او څلور زره
Transliteration: yau lak tsalor tsalweekht aw tsalor zra
Doctrine: Unity of All Nations, Tribes, and Peoples
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolism
A symbolic number (12 x 12 x 1,000) representing the totality/completeness of God’s covenant people (7:4; 14:1). Must be taught as symbolic completeness, not a literal ethnic head-count, especially given the universal ‘great multitude’ (7:9) that immediately follows.
Incense
Approved rendering: بخور
Transliteration: bakhur
Doctrine: Heavenly Intercession and the Prayers of the Saints
Original: θυμίαμα
Category: Worship
Offered together with the prayers of the saints, pictured ascending before God’s throne (5:8; 8:3-4). A strong positive bridge for prayer/intercession teaching, but must not suggest a created intermediary receives the prayers directly.
Abyss
Approved rendering: د بی پایه کندی
Transliteration: da be-paya kandi
Doctrine: Intermediate State and Final Judgment
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Eschatology
The place of demonic imprisonment (9:1-2; 20:1,3), distinct from both Hades and the final lake of fire. Keep the three realms clearly distinct to avoid collapsing Revelation’s eschatology into a single generic ‘hell.‘
Abaddon
Approved rendering: ابدون
Transliteration: Abaddon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: Ἀβαδδών / Ἀπολλύων
Category: Judgment
“Destroyer,” the named ruler of the abyss’s demonic army (9:11). A named demonic figure; ensure it is not confused with any positively regarded regional or Islamic angelic name.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: ښځه (سمبولیک انځور)
Transliteration: khadza
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: γυνή
Category: Symbolism
A symbolic cosmic figure representing the covenant people of God (12:1). Must be taught as corporate-symbolic, not veneration of an individual woman, and not conflated with regional Islamic reverence for Maryam.
Michael
Approved rendering: میکائیل
Transliteration: Mika’il
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The archangel who leads heaven’s war against the dragon (12:7). A shared, positively regarded Quranic figure (Mika’il); low independent collision risk.
Accuser
Approved rendering: تورن کوونکی
Transliteration: toran kawunkay
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ κατήγορος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Title for Satan as the one who accuses the saints before God, now overcome (12:10). Keep descriptive, not honorific.
New Qualitative
Approved rendering: نوی
Transliteration: nawe
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
Qualitatively new, not merely new-in-time (21:1,2,5). Must be taught as renewal/transformation of creation, not annihilation-and-replacement, and kept distinct from any cyclical-rebirth reading, paralleling the baseline’s resurrection caution.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: استوگنه / سکونت
Transliteration: ostoguna
Doctrine: New Covenant Fulfillment: God Dwelling with His People
Original: σκηνή
Category: God
God’s tabernacling, unmediated presence with his people, echoing the incarnation (21:3). Must connect back to the incarnation doctrine so this is heard as the fulfillment of God’s presence in Christ, not a vague future mystical closeness.
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: د ژوند اوبو سرچینه / سیند
Transliteration: da zhwand obo sarchina / seend
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: πηγή / ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
Eternal, satisfying life freely given by God, echoing John 4 and Isaiah 55 (21:6; 22:1). Reinforces the grace doctrine’s warning against reciprocity-creating melmastia gift logic.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: د ژوند ونه
Transliteration: da zhwand wana
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
Eden imagery restored, its leaves for the healing of the nations (2:7; 22:2,14). The Qur’an’s own tree-of-paradise imagery is structured very differently (forbidden/tempting tree); the specific Edenic-restoration logic (curse reversed, not a new temptation) must be made explicit.
Curse
Approved rendering: لعنت
Transliteration: la’nat
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
The reversal of Genesis 3’s curse in the new creation (22:3). لعنت is a familiar shared-vocabulary term also used of Allah’s curse in regional usage; the specific Genesis-fall-reversal logic must be taught, not left as a generic pious phrase.
Servant
Approved rendering: بنده / غلام
Transliteration: banda
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
God’s bond-servants, who will worship/serve him in the new creation (1:1; 7:3; 22:3). Devoted, willing service, not involuntary bondage; ties to serve_latreuo.
Angel
Approved rendering: پرښته
Transliteration: preshta
Doctrine: Prohibition of Angel Worship / Worship of God Alone
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
A created heavenly messenger, prominent throughout, who twice explicitly refuses worship (19:10; 22:8-9). This refusal is a genuine point of agreement with the surrounding culture’s strict tawhid theology and should be actively highlighted alongside the contrasting worship rightly given to the Lamb.
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: جادوګر
Transliteration: jadugar
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακός
Category: Judgment
One who practices magic arts, opposed to God’s exclusive sovereignty (21:8; 22:15). Occult practice; low collision risk beyond standard care.
Idolater
Approved rendering: بت پرست
Transliteration: but-parast
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Judgment
A worshiper of idols, excluded from the new creation (21:8; 22:15). A genuine point of agreement with the surrounding culture’s own rejection of shirk; must not be allowed to imply that worship of Christ the Lamb (5:8-14) is itself a form of idolatry.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: دا سرته رسیدلی دی
Transliteration: da sarta rasedali dai
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γέγονεν
Category: God
God’s redemptive plan reaching its decisive, irreversible completion (16:17; 21:6). Parallel in force to Christ’s ‘It is finished’ (John 19:30); teach as a completed, settled fact, not an ongoing process. Consistency of rendering required across both occurrences.
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: پاچاهي او کاهنان
Transliteration: pachahi aw kahanan
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: βασιλείαν καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
Believers constituted as a kingdom and priests to God (1:6; 5:10). کاهن in pre-Islamic Arabian usage denoted a pagan soothsayer/diviner; while established Bible-translation convention for OT priests, this connotation should be pre-empted in teaching.
Sea
Approved rendering: بحر / سمندر
Transliteration: bahar / samandar
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Symbolism
Literal ocean, but also an apocalyptic symbol of chaos and the beast’s origin (4:6; 13:1; 21:1). ‘The sea was no more’ (21:1) signals the final removal of the source of chaos/evil and must be taught explicitly or it reads as a trivial geographical claim.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: حرمجدون
Transliteration: Harmajedun
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
A symbolic place-name for the final gathering of opposition to God (16:16). Teach as symbolic/typological (echoing OT battle sites), not necessarily a literal predicted geographic battlefield; standard proper-noun transliteration, low collision risk in isolation but must be taught with the same symbolic-interpretation caution given to other apocalyptic place-names.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: شکر
Transliteration: shukr
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Heavenly Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Heavenly doxology (4:9-11; 7:12; 11:17) carries low independent collision risk beyond standard care.
Prophet
Approved rendering: پیغمبر
Transliteration: peghambar
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the two witnesses (11:3-10); must be paired with fuller Christological titles so Christ is never read as merely one prophet among others.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوت
Transliteration: nabuwat
Doctrine: Inspiration and Finality of This Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The genre and content of Revelation itself (1:3; 22:7,10,18-19).
Trumpet
Approved rendering: بوق / شرنۍ
Transliteration: buq / surnai
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Symbolism
Signal of alarm, judgment, or assembly (chs. 8-9 series). Standard apocalyptic-warning imagery.
Wormwood
Approved rendering: افسنتین
Transliteration: Afsantin
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἄψινθος
Category: Symbolism
Symbolic name of a bitter plant, the star that poisons the waters (8:11); useful case study for teaching apocalyptic symbolic naming.
Locusts
Approved rendering: ملخان
Transliteration: malkhan
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀκρίδες
Category: Symbolism
A symbolic demonic army released from the abyss (9:3); read symbolically, not entomologically.
Referenced passages