Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Matthew 1–28 (English → Pashto)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json for the Matthew curriculum. Source column indicates whether a term is reused exactly from the baseline (“Baseline — reuse exact”) or newly proposed for Matthew (“NEW — Matthew”). All NEW entries are candidates for ratification into an expanded translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins; none may override or contradict an existing baseline entry.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Selected, Matthew-relevant)
| English Term | Pashto Rendering | Risk (Baseline) | Doctrine | Chapters Where Load-Bearing in Matthew |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | خدای | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1, 3, 5–7, 22, 27 |
| Jesus | عیسی | Critical | Lordship of Christ | All |
| Christ / Messiah | مسیح | Critical | Messianic Promise | 1, 2, 11, 16, 22, 24, 26 |
| Lord | خداوند | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 7:21-22, 12:8, 22:41-45 |
| Son of God | د خدای زوی | Critical | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 3:17, 4:3-6, 8:29, 14:33, 16:16, 17:5, 26:63, 27:54 |
| Holy Spirit | روح القدس | Critical | Sanctification / Trinity | 1:18-20, 3:16, 12:31-32, 28:19 |
| Father | پلار | Critical | Adoption / God as Father | 5–7 (Lord’s Prayer), 28:19 |
| David | داود | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 1, 9, 12, 15, 20–22 |
| Seed of David (lineage) | د داود نسل | High | Davidic Covenant / Incarnation | 1:1-17 |
| Incarnation | تجسد | Critical | Incarnation | 1:18-25 |
| Resurrection | بیا راژوندي کیدل | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 12:38-41, 16:21, 17:9,22-23, 20:19, 27:52-53, 28 |
| Gospel | انجیل | High | Gospel | 4:23, 24:14, 26:13 |
| Faith | ایمان | High | Faith | 8, 9, 14:31, 15:28, 17:20, 21:21 |
| Grace | فضل | High | Grace | 20:1-16 (illustrated, term implicit) |
| Righteousness | صداقت | Critical | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | 5:6,10,20, 6:1,33 |
| Salvation | نجات | Critical | Salvation | 1:21, 18:11, 19:25 |
| Sin | ګناه | High | Universal Human Accountability | 1:21, 3:6, 9:2-6, 26:28 |
| Law | ناموس | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 5:17-18, 7:12, 22:36-40, 23:23 |
| Covenant | تړون | High | Davidic Covenant / New Covenant | 26:28 |
| Kingdom of God | د خدای پاچاهي | Medium | Kingdom Mission | 6:33, 12:28, 19:24, 21:31,43 |
| Church | کلیسا | Critical | Church as God’s People | 16:18, 18:17 |
| Apostle | رسول | High | Apostleship | 10:2 |
| Called / Calling | بلل شوی / بلنه | High/Medium | Divine Calling | 4:21, 9:9, 22:14 |
| Holy | مقدس | Medium | Sanctification | 6:9, 7:6 |
| Sanctification | تقدیس | High | Sanctification | (thematic, cf. 5:8 پاک زړي) |
| Adoption | زوی نیول | Critical | Adoption / Sons of God | 5:9 (derivative sonship) |
| Peace | سوله | Medium | Peace with God | 5:9, 10:13,34 |
| Gentiles | غیر یهودیان | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 4:15, 10:5,18, 12:18,21, 20:19 — note: NOT used for 28:19’s “all nations,” see New Term below |
| Glory | جلال | Medium | Deity of Christ | 16:27, 19:28, 24:30, 25:31 |
| Prophet | پیغمبر | High | Inspiration of Scripture | 1–2 (fulfillment formulas), 11:9-13, 12:39, 13:57, 21:11,46, 23:29-37 |
| Prophecy | نبوت | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | throughout |
| Election | غوره کول | High | Effectual Calling | 22:14, 24:22,24,31 |
| Providence | د خدای تدبیر | Medium | Providence | 6:25-34, 10:29-31 |
| Mission | ماموریت | High | Mission to the Nations | 10, 28:19-20 |
| Israel | اسرائیل | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:6,20-21, 8:10, 10:6,23, 15:24, 19:28 |
| Abba | ابا | High | Adoption | (thematic, cf. Father entries) |
| Exhort | هڅول | Low | Mutual Edification | (general teaching contexts) |
| Imputed Righteousness | محسوبه شوی صداقت | Critical | Justification by Faith | (thematic, cf. 5:6, grace parable in 20:1-16) |
Section B — New Terms Proposed for Matthew
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto Rendering | Pashto Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Source | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kingdom of Heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν | basileia tōn ouranōn | د آسمان پاچاهي | da asman pachahi | Critical | Kingdom of Heaven | NEW — Matthew | 3:2, 4:17, 5:3,10, 13, 18, 19:14, 23:13 | Matthew’s signature circumlocution avoiding direct “God”-naming; must be taught as fully synonymous with the baseline’s د خدای پاچاهي (kingdom of God, used a handful of times even within Matthew, e.g. 12:28, 19:24) and equally distinct from any political “Emirate” state-sovereignty claim. |
| 2 | Son of David (title) | υἱὸς Δαυίδ | huios Dauid | د داود زوی | da Dawud zoy | Critical | Jesus as Promised Messiah and Son of David | NEW — Matthew | 1:1, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 20:30-31, 21:9,15, 22:42 | Distinct from baseline’s د داود نسل (physical lineage, Romans 1:3); this is the direct messianic address/title. Keep the two forms distinct but doctrinally linked. |
| 3 | Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | د انسان زوی | da insan zoy | Critical | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching / Christology | NEW — Matthew | 8:20, 9:6, 12:8, 16:13,27-28, 17:22-23, 20:28, 24:30,37,39,44, 25:31, 26:64 | Risk runs opposite to Son of God: risk of being read as merely “a human being,” losing Daniel 7:13-14’s authority/glory content. Teach both titles together. |
| 4 | Immanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ | Emmanouēl | عمانویل (glossed: خدای زمونږ سره) | Emmanuel (Khudai zamung sara) | Critical | Incarnation | NEW — Matthew | 1:23 (inclusio with 28:20) | Direct “God with us” claim; sharpest possible tawhid collision point at the Gospel’s very outset. |
| 5 | Repentance / Repent | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | metanoia / metanoeō | توبه / توبه کول | tuba / tuba kawul | High | Discipleship and the Kingdom | NEW — Matthew | 3:2, 4:17, 11:20-21, 12:41 | Shares Islamic tawba vocabulary; must be redirected toward reorientation to Christ/the kingdom, not intensified ritual/legal observance. |
| 6 | Baptize / Baptism | βαπτίζω / β᳂πτισμα | baptizō / baptisma | تعمید / تعمید کول | ta’mid / ta’mid kawul | High/Critical | Great Commission / Discipleship | NEW — Matthew | 3:6,11,13-16, 28:19 | Collides with ghusl/wudu ritual-purity categories; must be taught as a single, unrepeatable covenant-identification act. Acute physical/social security risk for converts — treat with the same gravity as baseline’s church and evangelism entries. |
| 7 | Disciple | μαθητής | mathētēs | شاګرد | shagird | High | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | NEW — Matthew | 4:18-22, 10:1-42, 28:19 | NEVER مرید (Sufi pir-murid mystical-mediation connotation) — always شاګرد. |
| 8 | Authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | واک | wak | High | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | NEW — Matthew | 7:28-29, 8:9, 9:6,8, 21:23-27, 28:18 | Must not be flattened to “one legal opinion among several” (cf. scribes’ contrast); this is Jesus’ unique, self-authenticating authority, escalating to “all authority” at 28:18. |
| 9 | Scribes | γραμματεῖς | grammateis | دین پوهان / لیکوال عالمان | din pohan | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | NEW — Matthew | 5:20, 7:29, 23 | Structural analogy to regional ulema; critique specific hypocrisy, not scholarship as such. |
| 10 | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisaioi | فریسیان | Farisian | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | NEW — Matthew | 3:7, 5:20, 9:11,34, 12, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23 | Transliterated proper noun; historical religious party, handle without careless polemical overreach. |
| 11 | Hypocrite | ὑποκριτής | hypokritēs | ریاکار | riyakar | Medium-High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | NEW — Matthew | 6:2,5,16, 15:7, 23:13-29 | NEVER منافق (specific, loaded Qur’anic apostasy-adjacent category). |
| 12 | Cross | σταυρός | stauros | صلیب | salib | Critical | Discipleship / Cost of Following / Crucifixion | NEW — Matthew | 10:38, 16:24, 27:32,40,42 | Shares Quranic crucifixion-denial collision (4:157) with the baseline’s Resurrection entry; metaphorical (Ch.10,16) and literal-historical (Ch.27) senses must be taught as connected. |
| 13 | Reward | μισθός | misthos | بدله | badala | High | Discipleship / Grace | NEW — Matthew | 5:12,46, 6:1-18, 10:41-42, 20:1-16 | Root shared with Pashtunwali badal (revenge/exchange logic); must be framed as Father-given, not owed wages. |
| 14 | Persecution | διωγμός / διώκω | diōgmos / diōkō | ځورونه / ځورول | dzawarona / dzawarawul | High | Discipleship / Judgment | NEW — Matthew | 5:10-12, 10:16-23 | Lived, present pastoral reality for readership, not abstract theory; handle with the acute-safety awareness of baseline’s mission/evangelism Critical entries. |
| 15 | Blessed | μακ᳂ ριος | makarios | خوشحاله | khushhala | High | The Beatitudes / Kingdom of Heaven | NEW — Matthew | 5:3-11 | NEVER برکتمن (imports magical baraka) or overused مبارک (trivialized ritual-greeting register); guard against prosperity-gospel misreading. |
| 16 | Poor in Spirit | πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι | ptōchoi tō pneumati | د روح مسکینان | da rooh miskinan | Medium-High | The Beatitudes | NEW — Matthew | 5:3 | Must retain “spirit” qualifier; distinguish from literal poverty and from voluntary ascetic poverty (zuhd). |
| 17 | Meek | πραεῖς | praeis | حلیم | halim | Medium | The Beatitudes | NEW — Matthew | 5:5 | Note overlap with divine attribute al-Halim — potential positive bridge, teach as Spirit-produced virtue, not weakness. |
| 18 | Pure in Heart | καθαροὶ τῇ καρδί᳂ | katharoi tē kardia | پاک زړي | pak zari | High | The Beatitudes / Sanctification | NEW — Matthew | 5:8 | Distinguish from ritual purity (wudu/ghusl), matching baseline’s existing تقدیس-vs-پاکوالی caution. |
| 19 | Peacemakers | εἰρηνοποιοί | eirēnopoioi | سوله جوړونکي | sola jorawunki | Medium | The Beatitudes / Peace with God | NEW — Matthew | 5:9 | Builds on baseline’s positive سوله resonance (sola jirga); connect to reconciliation with God, not only human ceasefires. |
| 20 | Mercy / Merciful | ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων | eleos / eleēmōn | رحم / رحمناک | rahm / rahmnak | Medium-High | The Beatitudes | NEW — Matthew | 5:7, 9:13, 12:7, 18:33, 23:23 | Positive asset (shared with ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim); guard against reciprocity-earns-mercy misreading. |
| 21 | Perfect | τέλειος | teleios | کامل | kamil | Medium-High | Sermon on the Mount / Discipleship | NEW — Matthew | 5:48 | Distinguish from Sufi al-insan al-kamil mystical-attainment concept; means wholehearted, undivided love. |
| 22 | Worship | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | عبادت کول | ibadat kawul | Critical | Deity of Christ | NEW — Matthew | 2:2,11, 14:33, 28:9,17 | Must never soften to درناوی (mere respect); the deliberate deity-claim climax of the Gospel at 28:17. |
| 23 | King of the Jews | βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | basileus tōn Ioudaiōn | د یهودیانو پاچا | da yahudiano pacha | High | Kingdom of Heaven / Lordship of Christ | NEW — Matthew | 2:2, 27:11,29,37 | Handle political “king” language carefully given “Islamic Emirate” state-sovereignty sensitivities already flagged in baseline. |
| 24 | Satan / Devil | Σαταν᳂ς / δι᳂βολος | Satanas / diabolos | شیطان | shaytan | Low-Medium | Kingdom of Heaven / Spiritual Conflict | NEW — Matthew | 4:1-11, 13:39, 16:23, 25:41 | Shared, broadly compatible cosmology; teach Christ’s decisive authority, not ritual-warding technique. |
| 25 | Sabbath | σ᳂ββατον | sabbaton | شنبه (د آرام ورځ) | shanba (da aram wraz) | Medium | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | NEW — Matthew | 12:1-14 | Structurally comparable to, but distinct from, Friday Jumu’ah; Jesus claims authority over the institution itself (12:8). |
| 26 | Blasphemy (against the Spirit) | βλασφημία | blasphēmia | توهین | tohin | High/Critical | Sanctification / Holy Spirit | NEW — Matthew | 12:31-32, 26:65 | NEVER کفر (loaded apostasy-legal category with severe real-world consequences) for this specific text’s narrower warning. |
| 27 | Parable | παραβολή | parabolē | تمثیل | tamsil | Low-Medium | Kingdom of Heaven | NEW — Matthew | 13, and throughout | Genuine cultural asset; compatible with Pashto oral proverb/teaching-story tradition. |
| 28 | Mystery (of the Kingdom) | μυστήριον | mystērion | پټ راز | pat raz | Medium | Kingdom of Heaven | NEW — Matthew | 13:11,35 | Distinguish from Sufi esoteric ‘ilm al-batin (elite hidden knowledge); openly revealed to all who believe. |
| 29 | Tradition | παρ᳂δοσις | paradosis | دود / رواج | dod / rawaj | Medium-High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | NEW — Matthew | 15:2-6 | Structural parallel to hadith/sunna; critique is of specific nullifying tradition, not tradition as such. |
| 30 | Clean / Unclean (ritual) | καθαρός / κοινός | katharos / koinos | پاک / ناپاک | pak / napak | High | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | NEW — Matthew | 15:11 | Direct halal/haram and ritual-purity collision; relocates defilement to the heart, without dismissing the moral-purity category (cf. 5:8). |
| 31 | Keys / Binding and Loosing | κλεῖς / δέω, λύω | kleis / deō, lyō | کیلي / تړل او خلاصول | kili / tarul aw khlasawul | Critical | The Church and Church Discipline | NEW — Matthew | 16:19, 18:18 | Avoid both (a) Islamic-jurisprudence independent-magisterium misreading and (b) talismanic “magic key” misreading; delegated, Scripture-bounded, communal church authority under Christ. |
| 32 | Stumbling Block | σκ᳂νδαλον / σκανδαλίζω | skandalon / skandalizō | درول / د بندیز لامل | darwal / da bandiz lamal | Medium | Church Discipline | NEW — Matthew | 18:6-9 | Preserve severity of the millstone warning; pastoral care for “little ones” in the congregation. |
| 33 | Forgiveness | ἀφίημι | aphiēmi | بخښنه / بښل | bakhshuna / bakhal | Medium | Church Discipline / Grace | NEW — Matthew | 18:21-35, 6:12 | Cross-teach with فضل (grace) to avoid an earned-forgiveness reciprocity misreading. |
| 34 | Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | تلپاتې ژوند | talpate zhwand | Critical | Salvation / Judgment | NEW — Matthew | 19:16,29, 25:46 | Guard against Jannah-style deeds-weighing entry framework; teach with grace/salvation doctrines explicitly. |
| 35 | Ransom | λύτρον | lytron | فديه | fidya | Critical | Salvation / Substitutionary Atonement | NEW — Matthew | 20:28 | Narrower than nanawatai bridge already used for baseline’s salvation entry; invoke nanawatai explicitly alongside this term. |
| 36 | Love (agapē) | ἀγ᳂πη | agapē | مینه | mina | Medium | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | NEW — Matthew | 5:44, 22:37-39 | Distinguish willed, committed love from romantic feeling and from tribal in-group loyalty (nang). |
| 37 | Cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας | kephalē gōnias | بنسټ ډبره | bunset dabra | Medium | Church as God’s People | NEW — Matthew | 21:42 | Christological foundation imagery; connect to Ch.16’s “rock” and the church’s foundation. |
| 38 | False Messiahs/Christs | ψευδόχριστοι | pseudochristoi | درغلي مسیحان | daroghli masihan | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | NEW — Matthew | 24:5,24 | Distinguish from, do not collapse into, the Dajjal figure of Sunni apocalyptic tradition. |
| 39 | Age / End of the Age | αἰών / συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | aiōn / synteleia tou aiōnos | دوره / د دورې پای | dawra / da dawre pay | High | Judgment and the End of the Age | NEW — Matthew | 13:39-40,49, 24:3, 28:20 | Overlaps but must not collapse into Islamic akhirah framework; Christ’s own personal return is the specific content. |
| 40 | Coming / Parousia | παρουσί᳂ | parousia | د بیا راتګ / دوهم راتلل | da bya ratag / dohum ratlal | High/Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | NEW — Matthew | 24:3,27,30,37,39,44 | Christ’s own specific, personal, visible return — not a generic end-times figure; distinguish from Mahdi expectation. |
| 41 | Eternal Punishment | κόλασις αἰώνιος | kolasis aiōnios | تلپاتې سزا | talpate saza | Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | NEW — Matthew | 25:46 | Pair with Eternal Life; stark either/or framing distinct from multi-stage Sunni afterlife architecture. |
| 42 | Gehenna / Hell | γέεννα | geenna | جهنم (glossed: تلپاتې جدايي) | jahannam (talpate judai) | High/Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | NEW — Matthew | 5:22,29-30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15,33 | Shared term with its own full Islamic doctrinal architecture; gloss required at every occurrence. |
| 43 | Judgment / Day of Judgment | κρίσις / ἡμέρα κρίσεως | krisis / hēmera kriseōs | د پرېکړې ورځ / د محکمې ورځ | da prekre wraz / da mahkame wraz | High/Critical | Judgment and the End of the Age | NEW — Matthew | 10:15, 11:22,24, 12:36,41-42, 25:31-46 | Preferred over قیامت as primary written rendering, to avoid importing the full Islamic eschatological system (Mizan, Sirat, extensive intercession) wholesale. |
| 44 | New Covenant / Body and Blood | διαθήκη (καινή) / σῶμα / αἷμα | diathēkē (kainē) / sōma / haima | نوی تړون / بدن / وینه | nawi tarun / badan / wina | Critical | The Church / The Great Commission (Lord’s Supper) | NEW — Matthew | 26:26-28 | Guard against ritual-cannibalism misreading; unilaterally instituted, not negotiated, covenant — reinforces baseline’s covenant caution. |
| 45 | Great Commission / All Nations | μαθητεύσατε π᳂ντα τὰ ἔθνη | mathēteusate panta ta ethnē | ټول قومونه / ټولې ملتونه | tol qawmuna / tole milatuna | Critical | The Great Commission | NEW — Matthew | 28:19 | Deliberately NOT غیر یهودیان here — that term would wrongly exclude Jews from the Commission’s inclusive scope. |
| 46 | Trinitarian Baptismal Formula | εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | eis to onoma tou Patros kai tou Huiou kai tou Hagiou Pneumatos | په پلار، زوی، او روح القدس نوم | pa plar, zoy, aw Rooh-ul-Qudus num | Critical | The Great Commission / Trinity | NEW — Matthew | 28:19 | Preserve singular “name” (not “names”) grammatically to underscore unity-in-three-persons; sharpest tawhid-collision point alongside Immanuel. |
Section C — Risk Summary for Matthew-Specific New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 14 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High / High-Critical / Medium-High (blended entries counted at higher tier) | 19 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 12 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 1 (Satan/devil, plus incidental Low notes embedded in Medium entries) | Native speaker or automated, per baseline routing rules |
Note on coverage completeness: Every chapter of Matthew (1–28) has been reviewed. Chapters 1–13, 15–28 each contributed at least one load-bearing new term or a significant reuse-context requiring doctrinal notes. Chapter 14 was reviewed and explicitly found to introduce no new theological vocabulary beyond a minor idiomatic note (“little faith,” ὀλιγόπιστε) and reinforcement of already-catalogued Sonship, faith, and persecution terms; it is recorded here as reviewed, not omitted.
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 Matthew segment translation begins. All NEW entries require theologian ratification and formal addition to translation memory (with version increment) before enforcement, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: this Language Package deliberately bridges the forensic sense with honor-restoration framing rather than assuming it is self-evident. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: extends the term ethically (5:6,10,20; 6:1,33) alongside its forensic sense; both must be held together, not separated, for the Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees doctrine.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: the customary practice of nanawatai is a positive cultural bridge for substitutionary satisfaction and should be invoked explicitly. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: named etymologically in Jesus’ own name (1:21, ‘he will save his people from their sins’), an important corrective against nationalist-political-liberator misreadings.
Adoption
Approved rendering: زوی نیول
Transliteration: zoy neyol
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: departure from rigid patrilineal qawm/khel descent norms must be taught explicitly. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 5:9 (‘called sons of God’) describes this derivative, adoptive sonship for peacemaking believers, categorically distinct from Christ’s own unique Sonship.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: بیا راژوندي کیدل
Transliteration: bya rajwandi kedal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: benefits from oral/narrative apologetic explanation given the Qur’an’s crucifixion-denial. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: chapter 28’s climactic narrative, plus the unique detail at 27:52-53, should be taught with strong eyewitness/oral-apologetic weight.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: مالک is too transactional and undershoots the claim. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 22:41-45 (David himself calling his descendant ‘Lord,’ citing Psalm 110:1) is a key proof-text requiring the same cross-document consistency review the baseline assigns to Romans 10:9.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای زوی
Transliteration: da Khudai zoy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: the same Quranic denial (112:3, 19:35) applies with full force. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: confessed repeatedly (3:17, 16:16, 17:5, 26:63, 27:54); must be kept categorically distinct from the derivative adoptive sonship of believers described at 5:9.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: تجسد
Transliteration: tajassud
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: a periphrastic rendering (‘God became a man’) alongside the technical noun is recommended. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 1:18-25 is the primary incarnation narrative in this curriculum, anchored by the Immanuel title (1:23) and its inclusio with 28:20.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
CRITICAL: امت carries the loaded pan-Islamic community sense and must never substitute. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: first NT occurrences of this term in the entire canon are at 16:18 and 18:17, founding the Church and Church Discipline doctrine for a dispersed, often secret house-church readership.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: still carries the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative that must be actively corrected. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: named at 1:21 with an explicit etymological gloss (‘he will save his people from their sins’).
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
CRITICAL: strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception denoted by the same word. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: reinforced by the Immanuel title (1:23) and the Trinitarian baptismal formula (28:19).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: the created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction must be made explicit at every occurrence. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 1:18-20 (conception), 12:31-32 (unforgivable blasphemy warning), 28:19 (Trinitarian formula) are key occurrences.
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
CRITICAL: without care, ‘God as Father’ could default to emphasizing stern authority rather than intimate warmth. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: central to the Lord’s Prayer (6:9) and the baptismal formula (28:19); warm, relational language must counterbalance patriarchal-authority connotations.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: محسوبه شوی صداقت
Transliteration: mahsuba shway sadaqat
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: لاسته راوړی صداقت
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: the compound must retain ‘credited/reckoned,’ never ‘earned.’ Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: thematically present in the vineyard laborers parable’s grace-not-merit logic (20:1-16).
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: د آسمان پاچاهي
Transliteration: da asman pachahi
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. Matthew’s signature circumlocution avoiding direct naming of God, occurring ~32 times (3:2, 4:17, 5:3,10, 13, 18, 19:14, 23:13). Must be taught as fully synonymous with kingdom_of_god and actively distinguished from any political-territorial ‘Islamic Emirate’ sovereignty claim current in the region’s recent history.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: د داود زوی
Transliteration: da Dawud zoy
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. Distinct in function from د داود نسل (seed_of_david, physical lineage). The messianic royal title/address used at 1:1, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 20:30-31, 21:9,15, 22:42. Dawud is a positively regarded Qur’anic prophet-king, but the Qur’an contains no notion of an eternal covenant-heir fulfilling David’s throne forever; must be taught explicitly, not assumed.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: د انسان زوی
Transliteration: da insan zoy
Doctrine: The Son of Man Title
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. Jesus’ most frequent self-designation (~30 uses: 8:20, 9:6, 12:8, 16:13,27-28, 17:22-23, 20:28, 24:30,37,39,44, 25:31, 26:64). Without explicit teaching, risks flattening to mere ‘a human being,’ losing Daniel 7:13-14’s authority-and-glory content entirely — the opposite error from son_of_god. Both titles must be taught together as complementary claims of full humanity and unique divine authority.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: عمانویل (glossed: خدای زمونږ سره)
Transliteration: Emmanuel (Khudai zamung sara)
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. Matthew’s own editorial gloss (1:23) identifying the infant Jesus as God present in human flesh, forming an inclusio with 28:20 (‘I am with you always’). Among the sharpest tawhid-collision points in the Gospel; a Pashto reader must not be allowed to read this as a mere pious wish rather than Matthew’s deliberate identification of Jesus as God incarnate.
Cross
Approved rendering: صلیب
Transliteration: salib
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Matthew. Shares the Qur’an’s crucifixion-denial (4:157) collision with the resurrection doctrine. The metaphorical sense (10:38, 16:24, cost of discipleship) and the literal-historical sense (ch.27) must be taught as directly connected: the metaphor only carries weight because the literal event is historically real.
Worship
Approved rendering: عبادت کول
Transliteration: ibadat kawul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (as Confessed in Worship)
Rejected alternatives: درناوی
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. عبادت is the single most theologically loaded verb in Pashto religious vocabulary; applying it to Jesus (2:2,11, 14:33, 28:9,17) is, from an Islamic standpoint, the paradigm case of shirk. NEVER soften to درناوی (mere respect) — Matthew intends the full deity-claim weight, climaxing at 28:17.
Keys Binding Loosing
Approved rendering: کیلي / تړل او خلاصول
Transliteration: kili / tarul aw khlasawul
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: κλεῖς / δέω, λύω
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. Risks both (1) an Islamic-jurisprudence independent-magisterium misreading (comparable to a binding fatwa) and (2) a talismanic ‘magic key’ misreading given regional folk-Islamic amulet use. Must be taught as the church’s Spirit-given, Scripture-bounded, communal authority (16:19, 18:18), not independent or magical power.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: تلپاتې ژوند
Transliteration: talpate zhwand
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW — Matthew. Risks flattening into the Islamic Jannah deeds-weighing entry framework (19:16, the rich young man’s own question assumes exactly this framework); Jesus’ answer (19:23-26) directly undercuts merit-based entry and must be taught with the grace/salvation doctrines. Denotes resurrection-quality life, not mere unending duration.
Ransom
Approved rendering: فديه
Transliteration: fidya
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement (Ransom)
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEW — Matthew. فديه is a recognized but narrower, more transactional Islamic legal-ethical term than Paul’s atonement vocabulary. The baseline’s nanawatai bridge (ritual submission accepted in place of retaliation) must be explicitly invoked alongside فديه (20:28): Christ’s ransom is his own submission-unto-death, not a legal-technical payment.
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: تلپاتې سزا
Transliteration: talpate saza
Doctrine: Hell and Eternal Punishment
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Matthew. Paired directly with eternal life at 25:46; this stark either/or framing, with no intermediate category, should be taught with awareness of, but not artificially harmonized to, the more elaborate multi-stage Sunni afterlife architecture (barzakh, intercession, scales).
New Covenant Body Blood
Approved rendering: نوی تړون / بدن / وینه
Transliteration: nawi tarun / badan / wina
Doctrine: The New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper
Original: διαθήκη (καινή) / σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. Risks a ritual-cannibalism misreading given regional blood-taboo/purity sensitivities; teaching must clarify the symbolic/memorial nature of the meal (26:26-28). Christ unilaterally institutes this covenant, unlike Pashtunwali’s negotiated, revocable تړون.
Great Commission All Nations
Approved rendering: ټول قومونه / ټولې ملتونه
Transliteration: tol qawmuna / tole milatuna
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Rejected alternatives: غیر یهودیان
Original: μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. Deliberately does NOT reuse غیر یهودیان here, since that would wrongly exclude Jews from the Commission’s inclusive scope; a broader inclusive term is required at 28:19. This is a flagged, deliberate departure from baseline reuse, not an inconsistency.
Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Approved rendering: په پلار، زوی، او روح القدس نوم
Transliteration: pa plar, zoy, aw Rooh-ul-Qudus num
Doctrine: Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Original: εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
NEW — Matthew. The clearest Trinitarian formula in the Gospel and one of the sharpest tawhid-collision points in the curriculum (28:19). Preserve the Greek’s grammatically singular ‘name’ (not ‘names’) to underscore unity-in-three-persons against the standard Islamic tritheism charge.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Shares the same tahrif (corruption) assumption found across the Islamicate world; must be taught as the NT record itself, not a lost predecessor text. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: ties directly to ‘gospel of the kingdom’ (4:23, 24:14, 26:13), linking this term to the Kingdom of Heaven and Great Commission doctrines.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Pashtunwali’s melmastia hospitality code treats gift-giving as reciprocity-creating; fazal must be taught as a one-directional gift creating no repayment obligation. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: chiefly illustrated narratively (laborers in the vineyard, 20:1-16) rather than named lexically as often as in Paul; the melmastia caution applies fully.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Faith here means personal trust in Christ, not loyalty to Islamic creedal iman or Pashtunwali’s honor code (nang). Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: note the distinct compound idiom ‘little faith’ (14:31, 16:8), rendered consistently as لږ ایمان لرونکی, a mild rebuke, not a separate doctrinal category.
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Same collision with Muhammad’s defining title as in Arabic and Persian. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: the full list of the Twelve is named at 10:2-4, including Judas, a detail worth flagging pastorally.
Called
Approved rendering: بلل شوی
Transliteration: balal shaway
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Context-sensitive across distinct senses. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 22:14, ‘many are called, but few are chosen,’ ties this term directly to the election doctrine.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdis
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
پاکوالی risks reading as ritual purification rather than the Spirit’s ongoing moral transformation. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: thematically present in the ‘pure in heart’ beatitude (5:8), where the same پاکوالی-vs-تقدیس caution applies.
Prophet
Approved rendering: پیغمبر
Transliteration: peghambar
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Must be paired with fuller Christological titles so ‘prophet’ is not read as Jesus’s complete or final identity. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: structures the ~12 fulfillment-formula citations and John the Baptist’s own prophetic identity (11:9-13).
Covenant
Approved rendering: تړون
Transliteration: tarun
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Pashtunwali pacts are typically negotiated between relative equals and revocable; the biblical covenant is unilaterally initiated and graciously given. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 26:28 (‘blood of the covenant’) is the founding text for the new covenant, unilaterally instituted by Christ.
Election
Approved rendering: غوره کول
Transliteration: ghwara kawul
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Romans 9’s election is God’s free redemptive choice unrelated to lineage or tribal standing. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 22:14 (‘many are called, but few are chosen’) and 24:22,24,31 (the elect gathered at the end).
Mission
Approved rendering: ماموریت
Transliteration: ma’muriyat
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Open evangelism carries severe, potentially life-threatening legal and social risk for converts. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: chapter 10 (the sending of the Twelve) and 28:19-20 (the Great Commission) are the two central Matthean mission texts.
Israel
Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: Esra’il
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Requires deliberate pastoral framing. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: ‘lost sheep of the house of Israel’ language (10:6,23, 15:24) requires the same deliberate pastoral framing the baseline applies to Romans 9-11.
Abba
Approved rendering: ابا
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
Aramaic intimacy-term worth deliberately surfacing, not softening. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: not used verbatim in Matthew’s own Lord’s Prayer text but conceptually present via the Father’s warm, relational address.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: د داود نسل
Transliteration: da Dawud nasl
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: distinct in function from the new term son_of_david (the messianic title/address); this term denotes lineage specifically, as in Matthew’s genealogy (1:1-17).
Repentance
Approved rendering: توبه / توبه کول
Transliteration: tuba / tuba kawul
Doctrine: Repentance and the Inaugurated Kingdom
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
NEW — Matthew. توبه is the standing Islamic term for tawba, a repeatable turning back to God within existing ritual/legal observance (3:2, 4:17, 11:20-21, 12:41). Biblical metanoia must be taught as a decisive, once-for-all reorientation toward Christ’s in-breaking kingdom specifically, not an intensification of existing religious observance.
Baptism
Approved rendering: تعمید / تعمید کول
Transliteration: ta’mid / ta’mid kawul
Doctrine: Baptism
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. Loan-coined (Christian-tradition transliteration pattern), never paraphrased with ghusl/wudu ablution vocabulary. Collides with the repeatable Islamic ritual ablutions ghusl and wudu (3:1-17; 28:19); must be taught as a single, unrepeatable, public act of covenant identification with Christ. Carries an acute security dimension: often the single most legally/socially dangerous public marker of conversion from Islam for this readership.
Disciple
Approved rendering: شاګرد
Transliteration: shagird
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: مرید
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Matthew. NEVER مرید (the Sufi pir-murid mystical-mediation term, importing a foreign intermediary-guide submission structure). شاګرد (the everyday word for a student/apprentice) must be taught with the full weight of personal, costly, life-reordering commitment Matthew intends (4:18-22, 10, 28:19).
Authority
Approved rendering: واک
Transliteration: wak
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. The explicit contrast with ‘their scribes’ (7:29) risks Jesus being read as one respected legal-religious opinion among the regionally recognized ulema class. واک must convey Jesus’ unique, self-authenticating authority, escalating to ‘all authority’ at 28:18, not delegated expert opinion within an existing jurisprudential system.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: ریاکار
Transliteration: riyakar
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: منافق
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Ethics
NEW — Matthew. NEVER منافق, the specific, heavily loaded Qur’anic apostasy-adjacent category (Surah al-Munafiqun); using it would import that entire socio-theological category rather than Jesus’ more general charge of hollow religious performance. ریاکار (one who practices ریا, already a recognized category within Islamic ethics) is the appropriately-scoped bridge term (6:2,5,16; 15:7; 23:13-29).
Reward
Approved rendering: بدله
Transliteration: badala
Doctrine: Reward and Grace
Original: μισθός
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Matthew. بدله shares its root with the Pashtunwali badal revenge-and-exchange code (already Critical in the baseline salvation entry) — a cyclical, transactional logic. Every occurrence needs the reward framed as flowing from the Father’s generous relationship (5:12,46; 6:1-18; 10:41-42; 20:1-16), not a wage owed tit-for-tat.
Persecution
Approved rendering: ځورونه / ځورول
Transliteration: dzawarona / dzawarawul
Doctrine: Persecution and Suffering for Christ
Original: διωγμός / διώκω
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Matthew. Not abstract discipleship theory for this readership but present, lived reality (5:10-12, 10:16-39, 24:9-13); handle with the same acute safety awareness the baseline assigns to mission_to_nations and evangelism.
Blessed
Approved rendering: خوشحاله
Transliteration: khushhala
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Rejected alternatives: برکتمن, مبارک
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. NEVER برکتمن (imports the Sufi/folk-Islamic magical concept of transferable baraka) or the ritually trivialized مبارک (Eid-greeting register). خوشحاله must be taught as a state God himself pronounces over those the world does not honor (5:3-11), guarding explicitly against a prosperity-gospel misreading as material blessing.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: د روح مسکینان
Transliteration: da rooh miskinan
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. مسکین is a positive Qur’anic category (a genuine asset) but ‘روح’ (spirit) must be retained at every occurrence (5:3) to avoid reading this as literal material poverty or voluntary ascetic poverty (Sufi zuhd).
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: پاک زړي
Transliteration: pak zari
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Sanctification
NEW — Matthew. Must be paired at first use (5:8) with an explicit contrast to ritual purification (wudu/ghusl), exactly as the baseline’s sanctification entry requires distinguishing تقدیس from پاکوالی.
Perfect
Approved rendering: کامل
Transliteration: kamil
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: τέλειος
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Matthew. کامل carries Sufi al-insan al-kamil mystical-attainment connotations; must be taught as wholehearted, undivided love (5:48), not the attainment of a mystically perfected spiritual rank.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: د یهودیانو پاچا
Transliteration: da yahudiano pacha
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. The Magi’s political-messianic title (2:2) recurring mockingly at the crucifixion (27:11,29,37). Political ‘king’ language needs careful handling given the region’s recent ‘Islamic Emirate’ state-sovereignty framing; Jesus’ kingship must be taught as a category the political authorities of his own day fatally misunderstood.
Blasphemy Against Spirit
Approved rendering: توهین
Transliteration: tohin
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: کفر
Original: βλασφημία
Category: God
NEW — Matthew. NEVER کفر, the heavily loaded Islamic-legal apostasy/disbelief category carrying severe social/legal consequences up to capital punishment under some interpretations enforced in Taliban-controlled areas. توهین preserves this text’s specific, narrower warning about attributing the Spirit’s work to Satan (12:31-32, 26:65).
Tradition
Approved rendering: دود / رواج
Transliteration: dod / rawaj
Doctrine: The Law and Human Tradition
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Law
NEW — Matthew. A useful structural parallel to hadith/sunna, but the text critiques this specific nullifying tradition (15:3-6), not oral religious tradition as a category; must not become an unintended blanket polemic against religious tradition as such.
Clean Unclean
Approved rendering: پاک / ناپاک
Transliteration: pak / napak
Doctrine: The Law and Human Tradition
Rejected alternatives: حلال / حرام
Original: καθαρός / κοινός
Category: Law
NEW — Matthew. Direct collision with halal/haram dietary law and ritual purity categories central to regional Islamic practice; teach as a relocation of defilement to the heart’s moral condition (15:11), not a dismissal of the entire concept of purity, which Matt 5:8 still affirms morally.
False Messiahs
Approved rendering: درغلي مسیحان
Transliteration: daroghli masihan
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ψευδόχριστοι
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Matthew. Connect to, but clearly distinguish from, the Sunni Dajjal apocalyptic figure (24:5,24) so readers do not simply map Jesus’ warning onto it as an equivalent, self-contained category.
Age End Of Age
Approved rendering: دوره / د دورې پای
Transliteration: dawra / da dawre pay
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: αἰών / συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Matthew. Overlaps with, but must not collapse into, the Islamic akhirah (afterlife/hereafter) framework and its associated apocalyptic architecture (13:39-40,49, 24:3, 28:20). Christ’s own personal return remains the specific content.
Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: د بیا راتګ / دوهم راتلل
Transliteration: da bya ratag / dohum ratlal
Doctrine: The Second Coming of Christ
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Matthew. Must be taught as the specific, personal, visible return of Jesus Christ himself (24:3,27,30,37,39,44), not a generic end-times figure, and distinguished from the Mahdi’s expected return in Sunni eschatology despite surface parallels.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: جهنم (glossed: تلپاتې جدايي)
Transliteration: jahannam (talpate judai)
Doctrine: Hell and Eternal Punishment
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Matthew. جهنم carries the full Islamic doctrinal architecture (levels of punishment, possible eventual release, deeds-weighing entry criteria); every occurrence (5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33) needs the explanatory gloss so Matthew’s own content is not silently absorbed into that system.
Judgment Day
Approved rendering: د پرېکړې ورځ / د محکمې ورځ
Transliteration: da prekre wraz / da mahkame wraz
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: قیامت
Original: κρίσις / ἡμέρα κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW — Matthew. A descriptive phrase is preferred as the primary written rendering over قیامت (which would import the full Islamic eschatological system: Mizan, Sirat, extensive intercession) for 10:15; 11:22,24; 12:36,41-42; 25:31-46. قیامت may be used in informal oral explanation as a recognizable reference point, provided the specific content is taught explicitly.
Fulfillment Formula
Approved rendering: چې د پیغمبر خبره پوره شي
Transliteration: che da peghambar khabara pora shi
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πληρόω / πληρωθῇ
Category: Prophecy
NEW — Matthew. The Islamic doctrine of naskh (abrogation) is the default interpretive lens Pashto readers bring to any fulfillment claim (1:22-23; 2:15,17,23; and ~9 further occurrences). Fulfillment must be taught explicitly as completion, not cancellation, of the Hebrew Scriptures.
Medium Risk Terms
Calling
Approved rendering: بلنه
Transliteration: balana
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
The direction of address (God calling a person) must be made explicit. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: conceptually present in the disciple-calling narratives (4:18-22, 9:9).
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Needs the relational, Spirit-wrought sense reinforced over ritual-observance holiness. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: present in the Lord’s Prayer’s ‘hallowed be your name’ (6:9).
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
An asset: ‘sola’ is the everyday word for war-ending peace negotiations (sola jirga). Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 5:9’s peacemakers beatitude and 10:34’s deliberately jarring ‘not peace but a sword’ must be taught as complementary, not contradictory, uses of the concept.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: غیر یهودیان
Transliteration: gheyr yahudian
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: امتونه
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
امتونه shares the loaded Ummah root. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: used for the narrower Jew/non-Jew contrastive sense (4:15, 10:5,18, 12:18,21, 20:19). Must NOT be used at 28:19’s ‘all nations’ — see great_commission_all_nations.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Must be anchored to Christ’s specific historical glory, not left as generalized mystical splendor. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 16:27, 19:28, 24:30, 25:31 describe the Son of Man coming in glory.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای پاچاهي
Transliteration: da Khudai pachahi
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Distinguish God’s spiritual reign from competing claims to political-religious sovereignty, including explicit ‘Islamic Emirate’ state framing. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: used occasionally (12:28, 19:24, 21:31,43) alongside the signature circumlocution ‘kingdom of heaven’; both must be taught as fully synonymous.
Providence
Approved rendering: د خدای تدبیر
Transliteration: da Khudai tadbir
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρόνοια
Category: God
God’s personal, purposive care; keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: 6:25-34 and 10:29-31 (sparrows, lilies).
David
Approved rendering: داود
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Shared, positively-regarded Quranic prophet-king figure; supply the covenant-king typology pointing to Messiah explicitly. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: anchors the opening genealogy (1:1,6,17) and the recurring ‘Son of David’ title (see son_of_david).
Scribes
Approved rendering: دین پوهان
Transliteration: din pohan
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: γραμματεῖς
Category: Religious Context
NEW — Matthew. A useful structural analogy to the regionally recognized ulema class; the text critiques specific hypocritical practices (23:1-12), not religious scholarship as such.
Pharisees
Approved rendering: فریسیان
Transliteration: Farisian
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: Φαρισαῖοι
Category: Religious Context
NEW — Matthew. Transliterated proper noun for a specific historical party; avoid careless polemical overreach or use as a casual contemporary insult.
Meek
Approved rendering: حلیم
Transliteration: halim
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πραεῖς
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. حلیم overlaps with al-Halim, a divine attribute in regional devotion — a genuine positive bridge (5:5) — but must be taught as a Spirit-produced virtue, not weakness, against the honor-culture default that gentleness equals shame.
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: سوله جوړونکي
Transliteration: sola jorawunki
Doctrine: The Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: εἰρηνοποιοί
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. Builds on the baseline’s positive سوله resonance (sola jirga); commend the jirga-mediator role as a Christlike vocation (5:9) while keeping the connection to reconciliation with God, not only human ceasefires, explicit.
Mercy
Approved rendering: رحم / رحمناک
Transliteration: rahm / rahmnak
Doctrine: Mercy
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεήμων
Category: Ethics
NEW — Matthew. A strong positive asset shared with ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim in regional Islamic devotion (5:7, 9:13, 12:7, 18:33, 23:23). Risk of reciprocity-framing within melmastia gift-culture: mercy received produces mercy shown, not the reverse.
Satan
Approved rendering: شیطان
Transliteration: shaytan
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: Σατανᾶς / διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW — Matthew. Genuinely shared, broadly compatible cosmology (Iblis/Shaytan, 4:1-11, 13:39, 16:23, 25:41). Teach Christ’s decisive authority over Satan, not folk-Islamic ritual-warding technique, as the ground of victory.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: شنبه (د آرام ورځ)
Transliteration: shanba (da aram wraz)
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: σάββατον
Category: Law
NEW — Matthew. Structurally comparable to, but distinct from, Friday Jumu’ah; Jesus claims personal authority over the institution itself (12:1-14, esp. 12:8), not merely relocating a holy-day rule.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: پټ راز
Transliteration: pat raz
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. Must be clearly bound to د آسمان پاچاهي at every occurrence (13:11,35) and paired with a ‘now made known’ qualifier, distinguishing it from Sufi esoteric ‘ilm al-batin traditions reserved for spiritual elites — the kingdom’s mystery is openly revealed to all who believe.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: درول / د بندیز لامل
Transliteration: darwal / da bandiz lamal
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: σκάνδαλον / σκανδαλίζω
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. The severity of Jesus’ millstone warning (18:6) must be preserved, especially regarding care for vulnerable ‘little ones’ in the congregation.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: بخښنه / بښل
Transliteration: bakhshuna / bakhal
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. Cross-teach with فضل (grace) to avoid an earned-forgiveness reciprocity misreading (18:21-35, the parable of the unforgiving servant).
Love Agape
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: The Love Command
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
NEW — Matthew. مینه is broad everyday vocabulary (romantic/familial/platonic). Must be taught as committed, willed devotion to God and neighbor — explicitly including enemies (5:44, 22:37-39) — distinguished from the honor-code loyalty (nang) governing in-group obligations under Pashtunwali.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: بنسټ ډبره
Transliteration: bunset dabra
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Church
NEW — Matthew. Christological foundation imagery (21:42, citing Psalm 118:22); connect to chapter 16’s ‘rock’ and the church’s foundation.
Virgin
Approved rendering: پیغلې
Transliteration: peghle
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. A genuine positive bridge shared with Qur’anic tradition (19:16-22; 21:91), which itself affirms Mary’s virginity and Jesus’ miraculous conception (1:23). Teaching must move immediately from the shared ‘how’ to the contested ‘who’ — Islam denies the Incarnation and Sonship the virgin birth here evidences.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ازموینه
Transliteration: azmoyana
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW — Matthew. Read together with the satan entry (ch.4) so the adversarial sense of πειρασμός is understood as personal spiritual conflict, not merely a trial of circumstance.
Wrath
Approved rendering: غضب
Transliteration: ghazab
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
NEW — Matthew. غضب is shared Qur’anic vocabulary (ghadab Allah); broadly compatible, but must be tied to the specific historical judgment John the Baptist warns of (3:7) and ultimately to the cross, not left as an abstract attribute.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوت
Transliteration: nabuwat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Low independent risk beyond the prophet entry’s own note. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: present throughout the fulfillment-formula structure.
Exhort
Approved rendering: هڅول
Transliteration: hakol
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Context-sensitive term pair. Inherited from Romans package. Matthew: general teaching contexts throughout the Sermon on the Mount and beyond.
Parable
Approved rendering: تمثیل
Transliteration: tamsil
Doctrine: Parables as a Teaching Method
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
NEW — Matthew. A genuine cultural asset; extended illustrative storytelling is a well-established, positively regarded oral-tradition genre in Pashto culture (proverbs, folk tales, teaching-stories), comparable to the baseline’s note on Pashto’s rich Sufi poetic tradition under ‘glory.‘
Yoke
Approved rendering: جوغه
Transliteration: jogha
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship
NEW — Matthew. A familiar agrarian image in Pashtun rural life (11:29-30); teaching should note the implicit contrast with ‘the yoke of the Law/tradition’ carried by the scribes and Pharisees (cf. ch.23’s ‘heavy burdens’).
Hosanna
Approved rendering: هوشعنا (glossed: اوس مو وژغوره)
Transliteration: hoshe’na (aws mu wazghora)
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: ὡσαννά
Category: Christology
NEW — Matthew. A Hebrew liturgical acclamation (‘save now, we pray’) requiring a brief gloss at first use (21:9,15) so it is not read as an empty exclamation.
Referenced passages