Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter — English → Pashto
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every chapter of 2 Peter (1–3). Terms marked [BASELINE] are already recorded in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there — no deviation permitted. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this curriculum and are proposed here for addition to the extended translation memory; risk tiers follow the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Citation format follows baseline convention: ۲ پطرس (2 Peter) + chapter:verse, e.g. ۲ پطرس ۱:۴.
1. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| # | English Term | Pashto Term | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | 2 Peter Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | خدای | Khudai | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:1,2,3,17,21; 2:4; 3:5,7,12,18 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 2 | Jesus | عیسی | Isa | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:1,2,8,14,16; 2:20; 3:18 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 3 | Christ / Messiah | مسیح | Masih | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | Baseline unchanged. |
| 4 | Lord | خداوند | Khudawand | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout (esp. 1:16; 3:8-10,18) | Consistently distinguish from δεσπότης/مالک (see §2). |
| 5 | Son of God (beloved Son) | د خدای زوی | da Khudai zoy | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1:17 | Paired with new term ګران (beloved) — see §2. |
| 6 | Holy Spirit | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | Sanctification / Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21 | Direct proof-text for inspiration; Jibril/Gabriel-identification risk applies with full force. |
| 7 | Father | پلار | plar | Critical | Adoption / Deity of Christ | 1:17 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 8 | Apostle | رسول | rasul | High | Apostleship | 1:1; 3:2 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 9 | Faith | ایمان | iman | High | Faith | 1:1,5; 3:2? (implied) | Baseline unchanged. |
| 10 | Righteousness | صداقت | sadaqat | Critical | Salvation | 1:1; 2:5,21; 3:13 | Baseline unchanged; note eschatological use in 3:13. |
| 11 | Grace | فضل | fazal | High | Grace | 1:2; 3:18 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 12 | Peace | سوله | sola | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 13 | Holy | مقدس | moqaddas | Medium/High | Sanctification | 1:18,21; 2:21; 3:2,11 | Baseline unchanged; recurs heavily (holy mountain, holy commandment, holy prophets). |
| 14 | Election | غوره کول | ghwara kawul | High | Effectual Calling | 1:10 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 15 | Called / Calling | بلل شوی / بلنه | balal shaway / balana | High | Divine Calling | 1:10 | Baseline unchanged. |
| 16 | Kingdom of God | د خدای پاچاهي | da Khudai pachahi | Medium | Kingdom Mission | 1:11 (as “eternal kingdom”) | Extend with تلپاتې (eternal); baseline term unchanged. |
| 17 | Sin | ګناه | gunah | High | Universal Human Accountability | 1:9 (implied); 2 throughout | Baseline unchanged. |
| 18 | Glory | جلال | jalal | Medium/High | Deity of Christ | 1:3,17; 3:18 | Baseline unchanged; extended by new terms μεγαλειότης/μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (§2). |
| 19 | Prophet | پیغمبر | peghambar | High | Inspiration of Scripture | 3:2 (“holy prophets”) | Baseline unchanged; see also new false-prophet term (§2) for critical distinction. |
| 20 | Prophecy | نبوت | nabuwat | Low (elevate to High in this curriculum, see below) | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19,20,21 | Baseline risk was Low in Romans; risk elevated to High for 2 Peter because 1:19-21 is the book’s central inspiration-of-Scripture argument — flag for theologian review here specifically. |
| 21 | Messiah | مسیح | Masih | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | Baseline unchanged. |
| 22 | Fellowship (root only, via κοινωνία-family) | ملګرتیا | malgartia | Low (root); elevated to Critical when extended to κοινωνός/θεία φύσις | Christian Fellowship / Divine Nature | 1:4 (κοινωνός) | See §2 — do not use شراکت anywhere in this curriculum, especially not for “partakers of the divine nature.” |
2. New Terms Introduced by 2 Peter (Proposed for Extended Translation Memory)
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto Term | Pashto Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Occurrence(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Divine nature | θεία φύσις | theia physis | د خدای طبیعت کې برخه لرونکی کیدل | da Khudai tabi’at ke barkha larunkay kedal | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4 | Any bare noun rendering without periphrastic qualification | Highest-risk term in this entire curriculum. Must never be read as ontological deification (violates tawhid) nor as monist self-dissolution into ultimate reality; is moral/relational participation in God’s character, by grace, through promise. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 2 | Partaker(s) (of the divine nature) | κοινωνός | koinōnos | ملګری کیدل / برخه لرونکی کیدل | malgari kedal / barkha larunkay kedal | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4 | شریک (sharik) — absolutely forbidden: shares the ش-ر-ک root with shirk, the gravest sin in Islamic theology (associating partners with Allah) | Extends the baseline’s existing rejection of شراکت for “fellowship” (same root risk); must always route through ملګرتیا-family vocabulary. |
| 3 | Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | نجات ورکوونکی | nejat warkawunkay | Critical | Salvation / Deity of Christ | 1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18 | A separate, unrelated honorific term not built on baseline نجات root | Builds transparently on baseline “salvation” (نجات); “God and Savior Jesus Christ” (1:1) is a Granville Sharp construction identifying Jesus as God — must not be split into two figures in translation. |
| 4 | Christ’s coming / Second Coming (Parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | راتلل / دویم راتلل | ratlal / dwaim ratlal | Critical | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:16; 3:4,12 | Any rendering implying a subordinate, temporary, or Mahdi-subservient return (matching the Islamic nuzul-i-Isa narrative) | Must be taught explicitly against the Islamic eschatological narrative of Isa’s subordinate return; Christ returns as sovereign, self-existent Judge and eternal King. |
| 5 | Carried along (mode of inspiration) | φέρω / φερόμενοι | pherō / pheromenoi | بوتللی شوي / خوځول شوي | butalay shwi / khwazawal shwi | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21 | Any rendering implying passive dictation with no human agency (collapsing into Islamic wahy), or any rendering implying purely human authorship with no divine origin | The single proof-text passage for the doctrine of inspiration; must hold human agency (ἐλάλησαν, “spoke”) and divine origin (ἀπὸ θεοῦ, “from God”) together. |
| 6 | Myths / cleverly devised myths | μῦθος | mythos | افسانه | afsana | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:16 | — | Risk of reinforcing the Quranic “asatir al-awwalin” (myths of the ancients) polemic if mishandled; Peter’s own point is the OPPOSITE — his gospel is not myth, it is eyewitness history. |
| 7 | Full/experiential knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις | epignōsis | پېژندنه | pezhandana | High | Growing in Christian Virtue / Divine Nature | 1:2,3,8; 2:20 | پوهه alone (too weak/purely propositional) | The letter’s key theological term; must retain relational, encounter-based knowing of Christ, not collapse into Islamic ‘ilm (intellectual/scholarly knowledge) alone. Compare/contrast Sufi ma’rifa. |
| 8 | Knowledge (general) | γνῶσις | gnōsis | پوهه | poha | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:5,6; 3:18 | — | Reserve for virtue-list occurrences, distinct from the more intensive ἐπίγνωσις above. |
| 9 | Prophetic interpretation (“private interpretation”) | ἴδιος ἐπίλυσις | idios epilysis | د خپل ځان تفسیر | da khpal zaan tafsir | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:20 | — | Deliberately uses تفسیر to draw a positive, intelligible parallel with Islamic exegetical caution against unauthorized tafsir bi’l-ra’y; must be paired with 1:21’s clarification that the safeguard is the Spirit’s inspiration, not merely communal consensus. |
| 10 | False prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης | pseudoprophētēs | درواغجن پیغمبر | drwaghjan peghambar | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1 | — | Extreme security sensitivity: peghambar is Muhammad’s own title; risk of (mis)reading as targeting Muhammad. Mandatory explanatory framing and theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 11 | False teacher | ψευδοδιδάσκαλος | pseudodidaskalos | درواغجن ښوونکی | drwaghjan skhwunkay | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1 | — | Keep referent explicitly internal to the believing community. |
| 12 | Heresy / destructive faction | αἵρεσις | hairesis | د تباهۍ فرقه | da tabahai firqa | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1 | بدعت (different axis — innovation to practice, not doctrinal content) | Anchor to the specific doctrinal content in view (denying the Master), not generic sectarianism. |
| 13 | Master (owner-lord, distinct from κύριος) | δεσπότης | despotēs | مالک | malik | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1 | خداوند (reserved exclusively for κύριος) | مالک was rejected for κύριος in the baseline but is the correct, distinct choice for δεσπότης; maintain the terminological distinction consistently. |
| 14 | Bought / redeemed | ἀγοράζω | agorazō | پیرودل | pirodal | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment / Salvation | 2:1 | — | Reinforces (does not conflict with) the baseline’s nanawatai substitutionary-atonement bridge. |
| 15 | Cast into Tartarus / hell (of fallen angels) | ταρταρόω | tartaroō | دوزخ ته اچول | dozakh ta achawal | Medium-High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:4 | — | Note for teachers: refers to a temporary confinement pending final judgment, not the final eternal hell. |
| 16 | Judgment / condemnation | κρίσις / κρίμα | krisis / krima | قضاوت / فیصله | qazawat / faisala | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 2:3,4,9; 3:7 | — | Rich overlap with Islamic Yawm al-Din; must still anchor judgment to one’s response to Christ, not a deeds-weighing scale alone. |
| 17 | Trial / temptation | πειρασμός | peirasmos | ازمایښت | azmaishat | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 2:9 | — | Positive overlap with Islamic ibtila. |
| 18 | Kept under punishment | κολαζόμενος | kolazomenos | سزا ورکول کیدل | saza warkawal kedal | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 2:9 | — | — |
| 19 | Scoffer / mocker | ἐμπαίκτης | empaiktēs | ملنډه وهونکي | malanda wahunki | Medium-High | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 3:3 | — | Refute the specific claim (a depersonalized universe with no future divine intervention), not any group broadly. |
| 20 | Elements (cosmic) | στοιχεῖα | stoicheia | عناصر | anasir | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:10,12 | — | Do not read anachronistically as modern chemical elements. |
| 21 | Ungodly | ἀσεβής | asebēs | بې دینه / ناپرهیزګاره | be-dina / naparhezgara | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:7 | — | Direct antonym of εὐσέβεια (godliness), see #24 below. |
| 22 | Patience (God’s) | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | صبر (د خدای صبر) | sabr (da Khudai sabr) | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:9,15 | — | Must explicitly tie God’s patience to its redemptive purpose (giving time for repentance unto salvation through Christ), distinct from generalized Islamic sabr as a human virtue or abstract divine forbearance (al-Halim). |
| 23 | Repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | توبه | tuba | High | Patience of God’s Timing / Salvation | 3:9 | — | Genuine gap in the Romans baseline — recommend formal addition. Must be taught as God-enabled turning resulting in salvation through Christ, not self-initiated, deeds-based tawba. |
| 24 | Godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | پرهیزګاري | parhezgari | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:3,6,7; 3:11 | — | Distinguish from ritual/legal observance; relational reverence flowing from ἐπίγνωσις of Christ, empowered by divine power. |
| 25 | Virtue / excellence | ἀρετή | aretē | فضیلت | fazilat | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:3,5 | — | Anchor to divine source (God’s own excellence, divine power), not free-standing self-cultivated virtue. |
| 26 | Self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | ځان ساتنه | zaan satana | Low-Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:6 | — | Spirit-empowered, not self-achieved willpower alone. |
| 27 | Steadfastness / endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | زغم | zaghm | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:6 | — | Ground explicitly in ἐπίγνωσις of Christ, distinct from Islamic sabr’s primary grounding in submission to qadar. |
| 28 | Brotherly affection | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | ورورولي | wrorwali | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:7 | — | Extend explicitly beyond blood-tribal (qawm/khel) brotherhood to the whole multi-ethnic body of believers. |
| 29 | Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | مینه | mina | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:7 | — | New registry entry recommended (absent as standalone term from Romans baseline); ensure self-giving, unconditional sense, not romantic mina. |
| 30 | Eyewitness | ἐπόπτης | epoptēs | سترګو لیدونکي | stergo lidunki | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:16 | — | Positive bridge to hadith isnad-witness culture. |
| 31 | Majesty | μεγαλειότης | megaleiotēs | لوی والی | loy wali | Medium-High | Deity of Christ | 1:16 | — | Anchor to Christ’s specific historical majesty at the Transfiguration. |
| 32 | Majestic Glory (divine title) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα | megaloprepēs doxa | لوی جلال | loy jalal | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:17 | — | A periphrastic title for God the Father himself; must not be read as a separate divine being. |
| 33 | Honor | τιμή | timē | عزت | izzat | Medium | Deity of Christ | 1:17 | — | Positive bridge to Pashtunwali honor/nang culture. |
| 34 | Beloved (of the Son) | ἀγαπητός | agapētos | ګران | gran | Critical (extends Sonship of Christ) | Sonship of Christ | 1:17 | — | Pairs with baseline د خدای زوی; preserve intimacy and uniqueness together. |
| 35 | Well pleased | εὐδοκέω | eudokeō | خوښ کیدل | khwakh kedal | Medium | Sonship of Christ | 1:17 | — | Personal, unique Father-Son delight, not generic divine approval of an obedient servant. |
| 36 | More sure / confirmed | βεβαιότερος | bebaioteros | ډاډمن / باثباته | dadman / dathabata | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19 | — | — |
| 37 | Lamp | λύχνος | lychnos | ډیوه / چراغ | diwa / chiragh | Low-Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19 | — | Positive bridge to regional “Nur”/light imagery. |
| 38 | Morning star | φωσφόρος | phōsphoros | سهار ستوری | sahar setori | High | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:19 | — | Must not import the Western “Lucifer” (Satan) association; refers to Christ (cf. Rev 22:16). Avoid astrology associations. |
| 39 | Slave / servant (of Christ) | δοῦλος | doulos | بنده | banda | Medium-High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:1 | غلام (stigma risk) | Positive bridge to Islamic ubudiyyah servanthood vocabulary. |
| 40 | Equally precious (faith) | ἰσότιμος | isotimos | برابر ارزښت لرونکی | barabar arzisht larunkay | Medium | Faith / Universal Scope of the Gospel | 1:1 | — | Guard against implying later believers’ faith is of lesser value. |
| 41 | Corruption | φθορά | phthora | فساد | fasad | Medium-High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4; 2:12,19 | — | Do not narrow to the Quranic legal category of “corruption in the land” alone. |
| 42 | Desire / lust | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | شهوت / خواهش | shahwat / khwahish | Medium | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3 | — | Context-sensitive per occurrence (sexual vs. general disordered craving). |
| 43 | Cleansing | καθαρισμός | katharismos | پاکول | pakawal | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:9 | پاکوالی (ritual-purity risk, per baseline sanctification caution) | Moral cleansing from sin at conversion, not ritual purification. |
| 44 | Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | رښتیا / حقیقت | rishtia / haqiqat | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1:12 | — | New registry entry recommended (no standalone baseline entry). |
| 45 | Tent / tabernacle (of the body) | σκήνωμα | skēnōma | خیمه | khema | Low | — | 1:13,14 | — | Metaphor for mortal body. |
| 46 | Freedom / liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | ازادي | azadi | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:19 | — | Anchor to moral-spiritual referent, not political framing. |
| 47 | Holy commandment | ἁγία ἐντολή | hagia entolē | مقدس حکم | moqaddas hukm | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:21 | — | Distinguish from shari’a-style legal code; the gospel “way of righteousness.” |
| 48 | New heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn | نوی آسمانونه او نوې ځمکه | nawi asmanuna aw nawe dzmka | Medium-High | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:13 | — | Strong positive bridge to Q14:48; specify distinctly Christian content (Christ’s redemptive work). |
| 49 | Without spot / blameless | ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος | aspilos kai amōmētos | بې داغه او بې عیبه | be-dagha aw be-ayba | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:14 | — | Sacrificial purity imagery, positive inversion of 2:13. |
| 50 | Wisdom | σοφία | sophia | حکمت | hikmat | Low-Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 3:15 | — | Regarding Paul’s inspired letters. |
| 51 | Twist / distort (Scripture) | στρεβλόω | streblōo | کوږول | kwazawal | Medium-High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 3:16 | — | Ties to 1:20’s private-interpretation caution. |
| 52 | Thief (metaphor) | κλέπτης | kleptēs | غل | ghal | Low | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:10 | — | — |
3. Proper Names (Established/Recommended Pashto Forms)
| English | Greek | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter | Πέτρος | پطرس | Petros | Low | Established Pashto Bible form. |
| Simon | Συμεών/Σίμων | شمعون | Sham’un | Low | — |
| Paul | Παῦλος | پولوس | Pulos | Low | Per baseline requirements doc; referenced 2 Pet 3:15. |
| Noah | Νῶε | نوح | Nuh | Low | Shared, positively-regarded Quranic figure. |
| Lot | Λώτ | لوط | Lut | Low | Shared, positively-regarded Quranic figure. |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα | سدوم او عموره | Sadum aw Amora | Low-Medium | Shared narrative background (Lut’s people). |
| Balaam | Βαλαάμ | بلعام | Bal’am | Low-Medium | No settled mainstream Islamic identification; flag as background context only. |
4. Book Citation Convention
- 2 Peter = ۲ پطرس (2 Petros), consistent with the baseline’s “رومیان” (Romans) naming pattern.
- Example citation: ۲ پطرس ۱:۱۶-۲۱ (2 Peter 1:16-21).
- Verse numerals follow the same platform-dependent Eastern Arabic-Indic / Latin-numeral convention established in the baseline; confirm before batch processing and remain consistent within a document.
5. Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Baseline Reuse Count | New Term Count | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| High | 2 (incl. elevated “prophecy”) | 12 | 14 |
| Medium | 2 | 24 | 26 |
| Low | — | 10 | 10 |
All Critical and High risk terms require human theologian review per the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json routing convention; Medium risk terms require native speaker review; Low risk terms require automated review only.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 2 Peter (1:1,2,3,17,21; 2:4; 3:5,7,12,18). 1:1’s Granville Sharp construction (‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’) identifies Jesus AS this God; must not be split into two figures in translation.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:1,2,8,14,16; 2:20; 3:18; in 2 Peter every occurrence carries the additional weight of the letter’s direct deity/savior claims (1:1) and return claims (parousia, 1:16; 3:4).
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs throughout 2 Peter, always paired with عیسی and خداوند; carries the same Quranic honored-prophet-only risk noted in the baseline.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Peter, must be kept terminologically distinct from the separate Greek word δεσπότης (2:1), rendered مالک — see the ‘master’ entry below.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای زوی
Transliteration: da Khudai zoy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. At 1:17 must be paired with the new term ګران (beloved) to preserve both intimacy and uniqueness together, guarding against an adoptive/honorific misreading.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification / Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2 Peter 1:21 (‘men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit’) is the single most direct NT statement of the Spirit as Scripture’s divine author — the created-being/Jibril(Gabriel)-identification risk applies with full force here.
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:17 (‘God the Father’); pair with the new periphrastic title لوی جلال (Majestic Glory) as the Father’s own glory-presence, not a separate divine being.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:1, 2:5,21, and climactically 3:13 (‘new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells’) — connects the honor-shame bridging strategy directly to eschatological hope.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2 Peter builds the new term ‘savior’ (نجات ورکوونکی) transparently on this root; also underlies the redemptive logic of God’s patience delaying judgment for repentance (3:9) and the nanawatai substitutionary bridge, reinforced by ‘bought’ (2:1).
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: د خدای طبیعت کې برخه لرونکی کیدل
Transliteration: da Khudai tabi’at ke barkha larunkay kedal
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: Any bare noun-phrase rendering without periphrastic qualification
Original: θεία φύσις
Category: Divine Nature
NEW. Highest-risk term in this curriculum (2 Peter 1:4, κοινωνοὶ θείας φύσεως). Must never be read as ontological deification (violates tawhid) nor as monist self-dissolution into ultimate reality; is moral/relational participation in God’s holy character, received progressively through تقدیس (sanctification), by grace through promise. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence, on par with the baseline’s Incarnation and Deity of Christ entries.
Partaker
Approved rendering: ملګری کیدل
Transliteration: malgari kedal
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: شریک, شراکت
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Divine Nature
NEW. κοινωνός (1:4). Extends the baseline’s existing rejection of شراکت for ‘fellowship’ (same ش-ر-ک root risk). Never render with any شریک/شراکت-rooted vocabulary: making a human being God’s ‘shirk-partner’ is the literal definition of the gravest sin in Islamic theology. Always route through the ملګرتیا-family root. Mandatory theologian review at 1:4.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجات ورکوونکی
Transliteration: nejat warkawunkay
Doctrine: Salvation / Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: A separate, unrelated honorific term not built on the baseline نجات root
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW. σωτήρ (1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18). Built transparently on baseline نجات. Two compounded risks: (1) at 1:1 the grammar identifies Jesus AS God himself (‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’) and must not be split into two figures; (2) ‘Savior’ titles are also applied regionally to venerated religious/political figures (including some Sufi pir veneration), which could dilute uniqueness if not tightly anchored to Christ’s specific atoning death and resurrection. Mandatory theologian review, paired with خداوند.
Parousia
Approved rendering: دویم راتلل
Transliteration: dwaim ratlal
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. παρουσία (1:16; 3:4,12). Islamic eschatology affirms a subordinate return of Isa (نزول عیسی) under the Mahdi’s authority — breaking crosses, ending jizya, marrying, dying, being buried beside Muhammad. Christ’s parousia as sovereign, self-existent Judge and eternal King must be taught explicitly against this default at every occurrence; never assumed self-evident. Mandatory theologian review.
Carried Along
Approved rendering: بوتللی شوي
Transliteration: butalay shwi
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture
NEW. φερόμενοι (1:21). THE proof-text for the doctrine of inspiration. Must be explicitly distinguished from the Islamic doctrine of wahy (verbatim dictation via Jibril, with no active human agency). The rendering must hold BOTH truths together: genuine human speech (ἐλάλησαν) AND definitive divine origin/carrying (ἀπὸ θεοῦ, ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: درواغجن پیغمبر
Transliteration: drwaghjan peghambar
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: False Teaching
NEW. ψευδοπροφήτης (2:1). Extraordinarily security-sensitive: پیغمبر is Muhammad’s own title (khatam al-anbiya). ‘False prophet’ language, even referring only to the OT/NT context, risks being (mis)read by hostile or suspicious readers as targeting Muhammad — a severe security risk for possessors/distributors. Requires explicit OT/NT-internal contextual framing at every occurrence and mandatory theologian review.
Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: لوی جلال
Transliteration: loy jalal
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
NEW. μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (1:17), a reverential periphrasis/title for God the Father’s own glorious presence. Must not be flattened into a mere descriptive phrase, nor read as a separate divine being distinct from خدای/پلار — it IS the Father’s own glory-presence. Requires an explanatory gloss at first use; mandatory theologian review.
Beloved
Approved rendering: ګران
Transliteration: gran
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
NEW. ἀγαπητός (1:17), ‘This is my beloved Son.’ Pairs with baseline د خدای زوی; must preserve intimacy AND uniqueness together, guarding against an adoptive/honorific misreading. Carries the full force of the Quranic denial of divine sonship (112:3, 19:35) with no tested local Pashto precedent.
High Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship / Eyewitness Testimony and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:1 (Peter’s self-designation) and 3:2 (‘your apostles’); collides with Muhammad’s defining Quranic title, as in the baseline.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2 Peter 1:1 stresses believers’ faith is ἰσότιμος (‘of equal standing’) with the apostles’ own — see the new ‘equally_precious_faith’ entry below.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Frames the whole letter (1:2; 3:18 ‘grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior’); melmastia reciprocity-risk caution applies without modification.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Recurs heavily: ‘holy mountain’ (1:18), ‘holy prophets’ (3:2), ‘holy commandment’ (2:21); the mountain occurrence must not be confused with a regional pilgrimage/ziyarat shrine site — this names a specific, unrepeated historical event.
Election
Approved rendering: غوره کول
Transliteration: ghwara kawul
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2 Peter 1:10 uniquely pairs election with ‘calling’ as something believers actively ‘confirm’ through the virtue-chain of 1:5-8 — must not be read as tribal-lineage-based chosenness.
Called
Approved rendering: بلل شوی
Transliteration: balal shaway
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Paired with ‘election’ at 1:10.
Calling
Approved rendering: بلنه
Transliteration: balana
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant at 1:10.
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies 1:9’s ‘cleansing from former sins’ and pervades chapter 2’s description of the false teachers’ conduct.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:3,17 (Transfiguration glory) and 3:18 (closing doxology); extended by new compound terms لوی والی (majesty) and لوی جلال (Majestic Glory), both anchored to Christ’s specific historical majesty rather than generalized mystical splendor.
Prophet
Approved rendering: پیغمبر
Transliteration: peghambar
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 3:2 (‘the holy prophets’) in direct proximity to the new, security-sensitive term درواغجن پیغمبر (false prophet, 2:1) — the two must be kept sharply distinguished in translation and teaching.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوت
Transliteration: nabuwat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy / Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package; RISK ELEVATED from Low (Romans baseline) to High for this curriculum, because 2 Peter 1:19-21 is the single most explicit NT passage on the mechanism of inspiration. Must be framed as confirmed by, not superseded by, Christ, resisting an Islamic naskh (abrogation) reading.
Myths
Approved rendering: افسانه
Transliteration: afsana
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: μῦθος
Category: Scripture
NEW. μῦθος (1:16), denying the apostolic gospel is ‘cleverly devised myths.’ Risk: the Quran repeatedly dismisses prior revelation-claims as ‘asatir al-awwalin’ (myths of the ancients, e.g. Q6:25, 16:24, 25:5, 68:15); translators must ensure Peter’s own argument (myth vs. eyewitness testimony) is not read as reinforcing that very framework against the Gospel accounts — Peter’s point is the OPPOSITE.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: پېژندنه
Transliteration: pezhandana
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: پوهه (as a standalone rendering — too weak/purely propositional)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
NEW. ἐπίγνωσις (1:2,3,8; 2:20), arguably 2 Peter’s single most important keyword. Risk: Islamic ‘ilm (علم) is a prestigious, primarily intellectual/scholarly category, risking collapse into propositional ‘correct doctrine’ alone; Sufi ma’rifa (معرفت) is conceptually closer but self-attained through mystical discipline, whereas NT ἐπίγνωσις is graciously given through the gospel and grows through the virtue-chain of 1:5-8.
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: د خپل ځان تفسیر
Transliteration: da khpal zaan tafsir
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἴδιος ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
NEW. ἴδιος ἐπίλυσις (1:20). Deliberately uses تفسیر to draw a positive, intelligible parallel with Islamic exegetical caution against unauthorized tafsir bi’l-ra’y; must always be paired with 1:21’s clarification that the safeguard is the Holy Spirit’s own superintendence, not communal consensus (ijma).
False Teacher
Approved rendering: درواغجن ښوونکی
Transliteration: drwaghjan skhwunkay
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλος
Category: False Teaching
NEW. ψευδοδιδάσκαλος (2:1), a NT hapax. Less loaded than ‘false prophet’ but still requires care given the social significance of religious teaching authority (ulama/mullah/ijaza chains); framing must keep the referent clearly internal to the believing community.
Heresy
Approved rendering: د تباهۍ فرقه
Transliteration: da tabahai firqa
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: بدعت (wrong axis — targets innovation to practice, not doctrinal content)
Original: αἵρεσις
Category: False Teaching
NEW. αἵρεσις (2:1). فرقه must always be anchored with an explicit doctrinal-content clause (denying the Master) rather than stand alone as generic sectarianism.
Scoffer
Approved rendering: ملنډه وهونکي
Transliteration: malanda wahunki
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ἐμπαίκτης (3:3-4), mockers who deny the parousia. Functions like ‘myths’ in 1:16 as part of 2 Peter’s apologetic strategy; handle so as to refute the specific claim (a depersonalized, steady-state universe with no future divine judgment) without appearing to mock any group broadly.
Patience
Approved rendering: د خدای صبر
Transliteration: da Khudai sabr
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: صبر (bare, without the د خدای qualifier)
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: God
NEW. μακροθυμία (3:9,15). صبر in Islamic theology is overwhelmingly a virtue required of humans; Allah’s parallel forbearance attribute (al-Halim) is far less centrally tied to a specific redemptive purpose (delaying judgment to allow repentance unto salvation through Christ) than here. The qualifier د خدای is mandatory and non-droppable. Requires explanatory framing at first use; mandatory theologian review.
Repentance
Approved rendering: توبه
Transliteration: tuba
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing / Salvation
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
NEW. μετάνοια (3:9). توبه in Islamic usage is typically human-initiated, repeatable, and conditionally accepted by Allah. NT μετάνοια here is the response granted/enabled by God’s own patience and grace, resulting definitively in salvation through Christ — not an independent meritorious achievement. Genuine gap in the Romans baseline; recommend formal permanent addition. Mandatory theologian review.
Godliness
Approved rendering: پرهیزګاري
Transliteration: parhezgari
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Virtue
NEW. εὐσέβεια (1:3,6,7; 3:11). An established Islamicate religious-register term, but in Islamic usage often centers on ritual observance and legal scrupulousness; 2 Peter’s εὐσέβεια is relational reverence flowing from ἐπίγνωσις of Christ and empowered by divine power, not self-generated legal observance.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: سهار ستوری
Transliteration: sahar setori
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. φωσφόρος (1:19). Must avoid two false associations: (1) the Latin equivalent ‘Lucifer’ became linked to Satan via Isaiah 14:12 in later Western tradition — this must NOT transfer here, since the referent is Christ (cf. Rev 22:16); (2) any resonance with regional astrology/fortune-telling (fal-bini) practice. Gloss at first use.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs at 1:2 only, in the standard salutation formula.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای پاچاهي
Transliteration: da Khudai pachahi
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, extended with تلپاتې (eternal) at 1:11 (‘the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’). Distinguish from political-territorial sovereignty claims, including explicit ‘Islamic Emirate’ state framing.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: پوهه
Transliteration: poha
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Virtue
NEW. γνῶσις (1:5,6; 3:18), the simpler virtue-list term. Reserve exclusively for these occurrences, deliberately distinct from پېژندنه (ἐπίγνωσις).
Master
Approved rendering: مالک
Transliteration: malik
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment / Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: خداوند (reserved exclusively for κύριος)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
NEW. δεσπότης (2:1), a genuinely distinct Greek word from κύριος emphasizing ownership/transactional sense. مالک was rejected in the Romans baseline for κύριος as too transactional, but is the correct and appropriate choice for δεσπότης; maintain the خداوند/مالک distinction consistently throughout 2 Peter.
Bought
Approved rendering: پیرودل
Transliteration: pirodal
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment / Salvation
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. ἀγοράζω (2:1) — the Master ‘bought’ even the false teachers. Reinforces the baseline’s nanawatai substitutionary-atonement bridge; a purchased/ransomed status maps naturally onto existing cultural categories of debt and ransom (e.g. blood-money/diyya practices).
Tartarus
Approved rendering: دوزخ ته اچول
Transliteration: dozakh ta achawal
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ταρταρόω
Category: Judgment
NEW. ταρταρόω (2:4). دوزخ carries extensive independent Islamic eschatological content; appropriate as the best functional equivalent, but note this refers to a temporary holding-place of fallen angels awaiting final judgment, not the final eternal hell itself.
Judgment
Approved rendering: قضاوت
Transliteration: qazawat
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κρίσις / κρίμα
Category: Judgment
NEW. κρίσις / κρίμα (2:3,4,9; 3:7). Rich, broadly compatible overlap with the Islamic Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyama/al-Din) framework; must still teach that final judgment in the NT is framed around one’s response to Christ, not primarily a deeds-weighing scale (mizan).
Trial
Approved rendering: ازمایښت
Transliteration: azmaishat
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Judgment
NEW. πειρασμός (2:9). Broadly compatible with the Islamic concept of divine testing (ibtila) — a genuine positive bridge.
Kept Under Punishment
Approved rendering: سزا ورکول کیدل
Transliteration: saza warkawal kedal
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κολαζόμενος
Category: Judgment
NEW. κολαζόμενος (2:9), the unrighteous held under ongoing punishment until the day of judgment. Connects to the same intermediate-state-before-final-judgment nuance as دوزخ ته اچول.
Elements
Approved rendering: عناصر
Transliteration: anasir
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. στοιχεῖα (3:10,12), the basic material components of the universe, dissolved at the Day of the Lord. Should not be confused with modern chemical elements, though classical four-elements cosmology was also present in pre-modern Islamicate natural philosophy.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: بې دینه
Transliteration: be-dina
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἀσεβής
Category: Sin
NEW. ἀσεβής (3:7), direct antonym of εὐσέβεια (godliness); must be understood specifically as opposition to reverent devotion to God through Christ, not merely a general moral failing.
Virtue
Approved rendering: فضیلت
Transliteration: fazilat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Virtue
NEW. ἀρετή (1:3,5), both God’s own moral excellence and a foundational virtue believers cultivate. An established Perso-Arabic loanword shared with Islamic ethical (akhlaq) literature; must be anchored to its specific source (divine power, ἐπίγνωσις of Christ), not free-standing self-cultivated virtue (mujahada).
Self Control
Approved rendering: ځان ساتنه
Transliteration: zaan satana
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Virtue
NEW. ἐγκράτεια (1:6). Broadly compatible with Islamic ascetic/ethical vocabulary (nafs-restraint); ensure it is understood as Spirit-empowered fruit, not self-achieved willpower alone.
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: زغم
Transliteration: zaghm
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Virtue
NEW. ὑπομονή (1:6). Genuine positive overlap with Islamic sabr (e.g. Q2:153); ground explicitly in ἐπίγνωσις of Christ and divine power, distinct from Islamic sabr’s primary grounding in submission to qadar.
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: ورورولي
Transliteration: wrorwali
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Virtue
NEW. φιλαδελφία (1:7). Genuine asset: brotherhood/kinship loyalty is central to Pashtunwali tribal culture; must be explicitly extended to the whole multi-tribal, multi-ethnic body of believers (کلیسا), not collapsed back into blood-tribal (qawm/khel) brotherhood.
Love
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Virtue
NEW. ἀγάπη (1:7), the capstone of the virtue-chain. Standard warm, personal-love term in Pashto poetry and speech — a genuine asset; ensure the self-giving, unconditional, divinely-modeled character of NT agapē (not romantic mina) is clear from context.
Eyewitness
Approved rendering: سترګو لیدونکي
Transliteration: stergo lidunki
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture / Eyewitness Testimony and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
NEW. ἐπόπτης (1:16). A genuine positive bridge: Pashtun/Islamic hadith culture places enormous weight on reliable eyewitness chains (isnad); make clear Peter’s referent is the Transfiguration event specifically.
Majesty
Approved rendering: لوی والی
Transliteration: loy wali
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
NEW. μεγαλειότης (1:16), Christ’s unveiled divine glory at the Transfiguration. Pashto’s Sufi poetic tradition has rich jalal-adjacent vocabulary; must be anchored to Christ’s specific historical majesty, not left as generalized mystical splendor.
Honor
Approved rendering: عزت
Transliteration: izzat
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
NEW. τιμή (1:17), honor conferred on Christ by the Father at the Transfiguration. Genuine asset: izzat/nang is the central currency of Pashtunwali honor culture; must be clearly anchored as honor conferred by God the Father specifically, not generic tribal honor.
Well Pleased
Approved rendering: خوښ کیدل
Transliteration: khwakh kedal
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: εὐδοκέω
Category: Christology
NEW. εὐδοκέω (1:17), the Father’s personal delight in the Son. Must retain personal/relational sense, contrasted with the more generic Islamic notion of Allah’s pleasure/rida directed at obedient servants generally.
More Sure
Approved rendering: ډاډمن
Transliteration: dadman
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερος
Category: Scripture
NEW. βεβαιότερος (1:19); Scripture’s confirmed reliability, more sure even than the eyewitness testimony just given. Must convey epistemic certainty/reliability, not subjective confidence.
Lamp
Approved rendering: ډیوه
Transliteration: diwa
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λύχνος
Category: Scripture
NEW. λύχνος (1:19). Positive image; resonates with existing lamp/light metaphors in regional poetic and Quranic tradition (the Quran itself is called ‘Nur,’ light); the illuminating function must be tied specifically to testimony about Christ.
Servant
Approved rendering: بنده
Transliteration: banda
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue / Servanthood and Apostolic Identity
Rejected alternatives: غلام (actual historical-slavery register; stigma risk)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
NEW. δοῦλος (1:1), Peter’s self-designation alongside ‘apostle.’ بنده is the standard Islamic term for human servanthood before God (ubudiyyah, cf. ‘Abdullah’) — a genuine positive bridge.
Equally Precious Faith
Approved rendering: برابر ارزښت لرونکی ایمان
Transliteration: barabar arzisht larunkay iman
Doctrine: Faith / Universal Scope of the Gospel
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith
NEW. ἰσότιμος πίστις (1:1), faith of identical standing/value to the apostles’ own founding faith. Must avoid implying a hierarchy where later believers’ faith is lesser than the apostles’.
Corruption
Approved rendering: فساد
Transliteration: fasad
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature
NEW. φθορά (1:4; 2:12,19), moral corruption/decay escaped through partaking of the divine nature, also describing the false teachers. Also used in Islamic ethical/legal discourse (e.g. fasad fil-ard); ensure the specific NT sense is not collapsed into the narrower socio-political Quranic legal category.
Desire
Approved rendering: شهوت
Transliteration: shahwat
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption / Sin
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
NEW. ἐπιθυμία (1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3), disordered craving driving corruption and the false teachers’ immorality. Context-sensitive rendering required per occurrence: شهوت for clearly sexual/illicit senses; خواهش with a negative qualifier for broader disordered craving.
Cleansing
Approved rendering: پاکول
Transliteration: pakawal
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی (ritual-purity/wudu-style risk)
Original: καθαρισμός
Category: Sanctification
NEW. καθαρισμός (1:9), cleansing from former sins, forgotten by the spiritually blind. Same caution as the baseline sanctification note: this is definitive moral cleansing from sin at conversion, not ritual purification.
Truth
Approved rendering: حقیقت
Transliteration: haqiqat
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Scripture
NEW. ἀλήθεια (1:12), the specific, settled apostolic gospel-truth already held by the readers. Haqq/haqiqat is a major Islamic theological category (al-Haqq as a divine name); ensure ‘the truth you have’ is understood as the specific apostolic gospel content, not generic truthfulness.
Freedom
Approved rendering: ازادي
Transliteration: azadi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment / False Freedom and Licentiousness
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: False Teaching
NEW. ἐλευθερία (2:19), the false freedom promised by false teachers who are themselves ‘slaves of corruption.’ Politically charged contemporary term in the Afghan/Pakistani context; must be clearly anchored to Peter’s specific moral-spiritual referent, not read as political commentary — pair with an immediate contrastive clause.
Holy Commandment
Approved rendering: مقدس حکم
Transliteration: moqaddas hukm
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἁγία ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
NEW. ἁγία ἐντολή (2:21), the gospel-shaped ‘way of righteousness’ received by grace, later abandoned by apostates. Genuine bridge to Islamic legal-theological vocabulary (hukm shar’i), but must be distinguished from a ritual/social legal code (shari’a), echoing the baseline’s ناموس (law) caution.
New Heavens And New Earth
Approved rendering: نوی آسمانونه او نوې ځمکه
Transliteration: nawi asmanuna aw nawe dzmka
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment / New Creation Hope
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
NEW. καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν (3:13). Genuinely close conceptual and even verbal parallel to Islamic eschatology (Q14:48) — a strong positive bridge; ensure the distinctly Christian content is specified (righteousness dwelling there because of Christ’s finished redemptive work, not primarily a scene of deeds-weighing).
Twist Scripture
Approved rendering: کوږول
Transliteration: kwazawal
Doctrine: Canon and Inspired Apostolic Writings
Original: στρεβλόω
Category: Scripture
NEW. στρεβλόω (3:16), willful misinterpretation of Paul’s letters and ‘the other Scriptures’ to one’s own destruction. Ties back to 1:20’s private-interpretation discussion; can be sensitively connected in teaching to parallel Islamic concerns about unauthorized tafsir bi’l-ra’y.
Balaam
Approved rendering: بلعام
Transliteration: Bal’am
Doctrine: Historical Certainty of Divine Judgment
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Judgment
NEW proper name. The OT prophet-for-hire who loved ‘the wages of unrighteousness,’ rebuked even by his own donkey (2:15-16). Does not have the same widely-known status as Noah/Lot in mainstream Islamic tradition; flag as background context for teachers, not assumed shared knowledge.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا
Transliteration: malgartia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: شراکت
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package as the root vocabulary family, unchanged in its ordinary sense (Low risk). RISK ELEVATED TO CRITICAL specifically where extended to κοινωνός/θεία φύσις at 1:4 (‘partakers of the divine nature’) — see ‘partaker’ and ‘divine_nature’ entries below; شراکت must never substitute anywhere in this curriculum.
Tent
Approved rendering: خیمه
Transliteration: khema
Doctrine: General/Metaphor
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Church
NEW. σκήνωμα (1:13-14), metaphor for the mortal body, soon to be ‘put off.’ Straightforward metaphor, low doctrinal risk.
Without Spot And Blameless
Approved rendering: بې داغه او بې عیبه
Transliteration: be-dagha aw be-ayba
Doctrine: New Creation Hope
Original: ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος (3:14), the believer’s hoped-for state at Christ’s return. Sacrificial purity imagery, a positive inversion of the false teachers’ ‘blemishes and blots’ (σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι, 2:13).
Wisdom
Approved rendering: حکمت
Transliteration: hikmat
Doctrine: Canon and Inspired Apostolic Writings
Original: σοφία
Category: Scripture
NEW. σοφία (3:15), wisdom given to Paul in his inspired letters. Standard shared Perso-Arabic term, also a major Islamic theological/Sufi category — broadly compatible.
Thief
Approved rendering: غل
Transliteration: ghal
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κλέπτης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. κλέπτης (3:10), metaphor for the suddenness/unexpectedness of the Day of the Lord. Simple, cross-culturally attested metaphor, low doctrinal risk.
Peter
Approved rendering: پطرس
Transliteration: Petros
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: Πέτρος / Συμεών
Category: Church
NEW proper name for this curriculum. The apostle Peter, author of the letter (1:1). Established Pashto Bible form.
Paul
Approved rendering: پولوس
Transliteration: Pulos
Doctrine: Canon and Inspired Apostolic Writings
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Church
NEW proper name for this curriculum (form already fixed in the baseline requirements document’s transliteration standards). The apostle Paul, whose letters are affirmed as inspired Scripture (3:15-16).
Noah
Approved rendering: نوح
Transliteration: Nuh
Doctrine: Historical Certainty of Divine Judgment
Original: Νῶε
Category: Judgment
NEW proper name. Preserved by God through the Flood as a historical precedent of judgment plus rescue (2:5). Shared, positively-regarded Quranic figure (Surah Nuh/Hud); Peter’s specific point — judgment paired with rescue of the righteous, prefiguring 3:5-7 — should be drawn out explicitly, not assumed to transfer automatically.
Lot
Approved rendering: لوط
Transliteration: Lut
Doctrine: Historical Certainty of Divine Judgment
Original: Λώτ
Category: Judgment
NEW proper name. Rescued by God from the judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah (2:7-8). Shared, positively-regarded Quranic figure; the specific ‘sensual conduct’ charge (2:6-8) requires appropriate register.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: سدوم او عموره
Transliteration: Sadum aw Amora
Doctrine: Historical Certainty of Divine Judgment
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Judgment
NEW proper name. Cities destroyed by God as a historical precedent of judgment (2:6). Shared narrative background with Lut’s people in the Quran.
Referenced passages