Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 John — Pashto Destination Language
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all five chapters of 1 John. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and their recorded rendering is repeated here unchanged, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly. All other terms are new entries proposed for this curriculum, to be added to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins, per the baseline’s own term-registration workflow (12_ai_translation_requirements.md, “Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions”).
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Change)
| English Term | Pashto Rendering | Transliteration | Risk (Baseline) | 1 John Occurrences | Doctrine Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | خدای | Khudai | Critical | Throughout | God is Light / God is Love; Deity of Christ |
| Jesus | عیسی | Isa | Critical | 2:1; 4:2, 15; 5:1, 5-6, 20 | Incarnation; Deity of Christ |
| Christ / Messiah | مسیح | Masih | Critical | 1:3; 2:1, 22; 4:2; 5:1, 6 | Messianic Promise; root of “antichrist” and “anointing” collision |
| Son of God | د خدای زوی | da Khudai zoy | Critical | 3:8; 4:15; 5:5, 10-13, 20 | Sonship/Deity of Christ; salvation-confession verse (4:15) |
| Father | پلار | plar | Critical | 1:2-3; 2:1, 13-16, 22-24; 3:1; 4:14 | Adoption/Children of God; must retain intimacy, not only authority |
| Holy Spirit / Spirit | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | 3:24; 4:2, 6, 13 (Holy Spirit sense only) | Sanctification; Testing the Spirits (disambiguate from generic “spirits”) |
| holy (as divine title, “the Holy One”) | مقدس | moqaddas | Medium (High in this extended use) | 2:20 | Anointing doctrine |
| fellowship | ملګرتیا | malgartia | Low | 1:3, 6-7 | Fellowship with God and One Another (core curriculum doctrine) |
| sin | ګناه | gunah | High | 1:7-10; 2:2, 12; 3:4-9; 4:10; 5:16-17 | Confession/Forgiveness of Sin; Universal Human Accountability |
| faith / believe | ایمان / ایمان راوړل | iman / iman rawrul | High | 5:1, 4-5, 10, 13 | Overcoming the World; faith as victory |
| salvation (root) | نجات | nejat | Critical | root of “Savior” (نجات ورکوونکی), 4:14 | Assurance of Salvation; ties to baseline nanawatai bridge |
| righteousness (root) | صداقت | sadaqat | Critical | root of “unrighteousness” (ناصداقتي), 1:9; 2:29; 3:7 | Related to Confession/Forgiveness; honor-restoration framing |
| incarnation | تجسد | tajassud | Critical | 4:2-3 (periphrastic support required) | The Incarnation and Antichrist |
| apostle (contextual note) | رسول | rasul | High | Not directly used (John identifies as “elder,” πρεσβύτερος, in 2 & 3 John; not present in 1 John’s text) | N/A — noted for completeness only |
B. New Terms Required for 1 John (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English Term | Category | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Pashto Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Translation Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love (noun) | God’s Nature | ἀγάπη | agapē | مینه | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | 4:7-21 (16x); 2:5, 15; 3:1, 16-17 | Core ontological identity term (“God is love,” 4:8, 16); risk of collapse into mere affection or one attribute among many rather than God’s essence. |
| love (verb) | God’s Nature | ἀγαπάω | agapaō | مینه کول | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | throughout | Verb form of the above; same risk profile. |
| light | God’s Nature | φῶς | phōs | رڼا | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | 1:5, 7; 2:8-10 | Parallel ontological identity claim to “God is love”; must not collapse into “God gives light” only. |
| darkness | God’s Nature | σκότος / σκοτία | skotos / skotia | تیاره | High | God is Light and God is Love | 1:5-6; 2:8-11 | Risk of dualistic (two-cosmic-powers) misreading via residual regional Zoroastrian-influenced light/darkness folk cosmology; must be taught as morally subordinate to God’s sovereignty, not co-equal. |
| Word of Life | Christology | ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς | ho logos tēs zōēs | د ژوند کلام | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 1:1-2 | Shares root با the Qur’anic Kalimatullah title for Jesus (3:45; 4:171); must be actively corrected to affirm eternal, uncreated divine ontology absent from the Qur’anic usage. |
| cleanse | Sin/Forgiveness | καθαρίζω | katharizō | پاکول | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1:7, 9 | Collides with baseline’s rejected پاکوالی (ritual-purity) caution for sanctification; must always be anchored to “by the blood of Jesus Christ” in context to block a wudu-style ritual misreading. |
| blood (of Christ) | Atonement | αἷμα | haima | وینه | High/Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Assurance of Salvation | 1:7; 5:6, 8 | Connects to Pashtunwali’s badal (blood-feud/blood-debt) logic; must be taught as a once-for-all sufficient atoning payment, not one transaction in an ongoing retaliatory cycle. |
| unrighteousness | Sin | ἀδικία | adikia | ناصداقتي / بې انصافي | Medium-High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 1:9 | Negative counterpart to baseline’s Critical صداقت; render so the negation is transparent. |
| confess | Sin/Forgiveness; Christology | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | اقرار کول | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Incarnation and Antichrist | 1:9; 4:2-3, 15 | Risk of collapse into a one-time ritual-formula confession (shahada-adjacent); must be taught as ongoing relational honesty and doctrinal fidelity. |
| advocate | Intercession/Christology | παράκλητος | paraklētos | وکیل | High (positive bridge) | Assurance of Salvation | 2:1 | Extends baseline’s منځګړیتوب (intercession); concrete legal/jirga-advocate image is a genuine bridge but must exceed a human wakil’s merely contingent success. |
| propitiation | Atonement | ἱλασμός | hilasmos | د ګناهانو د بښنې قربانی | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Assurance of Salvation | 2:2; 4:10 | New entry building on baseline’s nanawatai-bridge methodology for salvation. كفاره (kaffara) explicitly rejected as primary rendering — repeatable human compensatory act vs. God-initiated, once-for-all substitutionary sacrifice. |
| commandment | Ethics | ἐντολή | entolē | حکم | Medium | Love for the Brethren; general ethics | 2:3-8; 3:22-24; 4:21 | Retain binding divine authority; distinguish from shari’a-style legal-ruling categories (hukm shar’i). |
| the world (positive/missional sense) | Cosmology | κόσμος | kosmos | نړۍ | Medium-High | Assurance of Salvation; Mission-adjacent | 4:9, 14 | Positive sense: object of God’s saving love. |
| the world (negative/opposed sense) | Cosmology | κόσμος | kosmos | نړۍ | Medium-High | Overcoming the World | 2:15-17; 4:4-5; 5:4-5, 19 | Negative sense: the God-opposing moral-spiritual order; same Pashto word as above — context must disambiguate every occurrence. |
| anointing | Sanctification/Discernment | χρῖσμα | chrisma | مسح | Critical | Testing the Spirits | 2:20, 27 | Shares root با مسیح (Masih); must be distinguished from Christ’s unique, unrepeatable Messianic anointing. |
| antichrist | Christology/Eschatology | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | ضد مسیح | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 2:18, 22; 4:3 | Partial, carefully calibrated bridge to Islamic al-Dajjal (differing defining trait: denial of the incarnation, not Dajjal’s defining feature); must not be flattened to a merely political “enemy.” |
| deny | Christology | ἀρνέομαι | arneomai | انکار کول | Medium-High | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 2:22-23 | Must be paired with teaching that denying the Son is denial of the Father — challenges “same God, different Christology” assumptions. |
| his coming / return | Eschatology | παρουσία | parousia | راتلل / بیا راتګ | Medium (positive bridge) | Assurance of Salvation (eschatological confidence) | 2:28 | Genuine common ground with Sunni expectation of Isa’s return; content differs — Christ returns as glorified divine Judge/Savior in his own right. |
| children of God / born of God | Salvation/Identity | τέκνα θεοῦ / γεννάω (ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ) | tekna theou / gennaō | د خدای بچیان / له خدای زیږیدلی | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2:29; 3:1-2, 9-10; 4:7; 5:1-4, 18 | Extends baseline’s Critical adoption entry with begetting-language collision (Qur’an 112:3); complements, does not replace, Romans’ legal-adoption (υἱοθεσία) term-family. |
| know (relational) | Epistemology | γινώσκω | ginōskō | پیژندل | Medium | God is Light and God is Love; Assurance of Salvation | 2:3-5, 13-14; 3:1, 6, 16, 19-20; 4:6-8, 16 | Relational/experiential knowledge, not creedal-recitation knowledge. |
| lawlessness | Sin | ἀνομία | anomia | بې قانونی / سرغړونه | Medium-High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 3:4 | Must be taught against both shari’a and Pashtunwali as the specific referent, per baseline’s law (ناموس) caution. |
| devil / evil one | Cosmology | διάβολος / ὁ πονηρός | diabolos / ho ponēros | ابلیس / شیطان | Medium | Love for the Brethren (contrast); Overcoming the World | 3:8, 10, 12; 5:18-19 | Genuine shared figure across traditions; retain the letter’s sharp either-or dualism (“of God” vs. “of the devil”). |
| Cain / Abel | Proper Names | Κάϊν / Ἄβελ | Kain / Abel | قابیل / هابیل | Low (positive bridge) | Love for the Brethren | 3:12 | Established shared Qur’anic names; moral point transfers cleanly. |
| brother | Ecclesiology | ἀδελφός | adelphos | ورور | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | 2:9-11; 3:10-17; 4:20-21 | Risk of collision with Pashtun blood-tribal brotherhood structures (qawm/khel, tarburwali, badal); spiritual brotherhood of new birth can transcend and conflict with tribal loyalty — teach explicitly, with pastoral sensitivity to real social cost. |
| abide / remain | Fellowship/Union | μένω | menō | اوسیدل / پاتې کیدل | High | Fellowship with God and One Another | 2:6, 10, 14, 17, 24, 27-28; 3:6, 9, 14-15, 17, 24; 4:12-13, 15-16 | Risk of Sufi fana/wahdat-al-wujud mystical-absorption misreading; teach as covenantal relational communion preserving Creator-creature distinction. |
| truth | Epistemology/Ethics | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | رښتیا (preferred) / حقیقت (rejected as primary) | High | Testing the Spirits; general ethics | 1:6, 8; 2:4, 21; 3:18-19; 4:6; 5:6 | حقیقت carries Sufi mystical-stage technical weight (Haqiqah in the classical fourfold path); native رښتیا preferred, following the same logic as baseline’s ملګرتیا-over-شراکت choice. |
| liar | Ethics | ψεύστης | pseustēs | درغلی | Low-Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; The Incarnation and Antichrist | 1:10; 2:4, 22; 4:20 | Standard vocabulary; ties to the letter’s true/false-teacher theme. |
| test the spirits | Discernment | δοκιμάζειν τὰ πνεύματα | dokimazein ta pneumata | روحونه ازمویل | High | Testing the Spirits | 4:1 | Must be distinguished from folk jinn-testing/exorcism/taweez practices; this is doctrinal discernment against the apostolic confession. |
| false prophet | Discernment/Christology | ψευδοπροφήτης | pseudoprophētēs | درغلی پیغمبر | Critical | Testing the Spirits; The Incarnation and Antichrist | 4:1 | Extends baseline’s High-risk prophet entry; must be carefully distinguished from Pakistan’s distinct khatm-e-nubuwwat/Ahmadiyya controversy to avoid dangerous political misassociation. |
| Christ come in the flesh | Incarnation | Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα | Iēsoun Christon en sarki elēluthota | عیسی مسیح چې په بشري بدن راغلی | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 4:2-3 | Flagship incarnation-confession verse; extends baseline’s incarnation/تجسد with a concrete periphrastic form, per baseline’s own recommendation for this doctrine. |
| spirit of truth / spirit of error | Discernment | πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας / πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης | pneuma tēs alētheias / pneuma tēs planēs | د رښتیا روح / د تېروتنې روح | High | Testing the Spirits | 4:6 | Refers to the source/spirit behind teaching, not to jinn or possessing spirits. |
| testify / testimony | Evidentiary | μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία | martyreō / martyria | شاهدي ورکول / شاهدي | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11 | Risk of collapse into Islamic shahada creedal-formula associations; this is eyewitness/evidentiary testimony to historical and spiritual fact. |
| Savior | Soteriology | σωτήρ | sōtēr | نجات ورکوونکی | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:14 | Extends baseline’s Critical salvation/نجات; retain nanawatai/substitutionary framing; distinguish from Islamic eschatological Mahdi/prophet-savior figures. |
| perfected / perfect (love) | God’s Nature/Ethics | τελειόω / τελεία (ἀγάπη) | teleioō / teleia | بشپړ کول / بشپړه مینه | Medium-High | God is Light and God is Love | 2:5; 4:12, 17-18 | Reaching intended maturity, not sinless-performance achievement. |
| confidence / boldness | Assurance | παρρησία | parrhesia | ډاډ / زړورتوب | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14 | Directly engages baseline’s assurance_of_salvation collision with Islamic deeds-weighing uncertainty before Qiyamah; day-of-judgment confidence is grounded in Christ, not self-merit. |
| fear | Assurance/Ethics | φόβος | phobos | وېره | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:18 | Specifically servile/punitive dread displaced by mature love, not reverence generally. |
| punishment | Judgment | κόλασις | kolasis | سزا | Low-Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:18 | Standard judicial-penal vocabulary. |
| day of judgment | Eschatology | ἡμέρα κρίσεως | hēmera kriseōs | د محاکمې ورځ | Medium-High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 4:17 | Shared eschatological category with Islamic Yawm al-Qiyamah; contrast the letter’s confident posture with typical Qiyamah uncertainty. |
| overcome / victory | Spiritual Warfare | νικάω / νίκη | nikaō / nikē | بریالیتوب / نیول | High | Overcoming the World | 2:13-14; 4:4; 5:4-5 | Risk of collision with regional military-political “conquest/victory” rhetoric; must be taught as moral/spiritual, never territorial or violent. |
| water and blood (witness) | Evidentiary/Sacramental | ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα | hydōr kai haima | اوبه او وینه | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 5:6-8 | Requires explanatory framing (ministry-inauguration and atoning-death referents); flag textual-basis question re: Comma Johanneum for house-style confirmation. |
| eternal life | Soteriology/Eschatology | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | تلپاتې ژوند | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | 2:25; 3:15; 5:11-13, 20 | Present, relational, known possession grounded in the Son — not a future reward pending a deeds-weighing verdict, nor cyclical existence. |
| sin unto death | Sin/Pastoral | ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον | hamartia pros thanaton | مرګ ته وړونکې ګناه | Medium-High, interpretively disputed | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | 5:16-17 | Genuinely disputed exegetical category; add a study/interpretive caution note rather than resolving ambiguity in the translation itself. |
| idol | Ethics | εἴδωλον | eidolon | بت | Low | (closing exhortation; ties to Testing the Spirits) | 5:21 | Shared value with Islam (idolatry avoidance); letter’s deeper concern is guarding true knowledge of the true God/Son against counterfeit teaching. |
| the true God | Christology/Deity | ὁ ἀληθινός θεός | ho alēthinos theos | ریښتینی خدای | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; God is Light and God is Love | 5:20 | Direct, unqualified deity-of-Christ statement; must never be softened, paralleling Romans 9:5. |
| ought / obligated | Ethics | ὀφείλω | opheilō | باید / پابند یو | Low-Medium | Love for the Brethren | 4:11; 3:16 | Obligation runs toward fellow believers, not back toward God as repayment for grace received — distinguish from melmastia reciprocity logic. |
| sent | Christology | ἀποστέλλω | apostellō | لیږل | Medium (rising with context) | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 4:9-10, 14 | Presupposes the Son’s pre-existence prior to being sent. |
| manifest(ed) | Revelation | φανερόω | phaneroō | ښکاره کول / ښکاره شوی | Medium | God is Light and God is Love | 1:2; 3:5, 8; 4:9 | Standard revelation vocabulary; low independent risk. |
| beloved (address) | Rhetorical | ἀγαπητός | agapetos | ګرانو | Low | (pastoral address throughout) | 2:7; 3:2, 21; 4:1, 7, 11 | Standard affectionate vocative. |
| hate | Ethics | μισέω | miseō | نفرت کول | Low-Medium | Love for the Brethren (contrast) | 2:9, 11; 3:13, 15; 4:20 | Standard vocabulary. |
| only Son / only-begotten | Christology | μονογενής (υἱός) | monogenēs (huios) | يوازینی زوی | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | 4:9 | Extends baseline’s Critical son_of_god; must not be softened to “beloved son,” which loses uniqueness of origin/status. |
C. Risk Distribution Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Count (Baseline Reused) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 13 | 8 | Human theologian |
| High | 15 | 3 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 6 | 1 | Human theologian (borderline; recommend theologian) |
| Medium | 6 | 1 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 3 | 0 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 4 | 0 | Automated review |
D. Notes for Doctrine Risk Registry Extension (Phase 1 Step 2 Dependency)
The following new doctrines, not present in the baseline Romans doctrine_risk_registry.json, are implied by the terms above and should be formalized in the forthcoming 1 John doctrine risk registry:
- God is Light and God is Love (Critical — ontological identity statements, ×2)
- Fellowship with God and One Another (extends baseline
christian_fellowship, Low→elevated doctrinal centrality) - Confession and Forgiveness of Sin (High — new
cleanse/propitiationcollision with baseline’s rejected پاکوالی) - Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth (High/Critical — tribal-brotherhood collision)
- The Incarnation and Antichrist (Critical — extends baseline
incarnation; newantichrist,false_prophet,anointingcollisions) - Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life (Critical/High — extends baseline
assurance_of_salvation; newparrhesia/day-of-judgment collision) - Overcoming the World (High — new
nikao/victory-rhetoric collision) - Testing the Spirits (High/Critical — new
dokimazo/pseudoprophetescollision with folk spirit-practice and the Ahmadiyya khatm-e-nubuwwat sensitivity)
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 processing of any 1 John segment. New entries above require formal addition to translation memory (with version increment) before translation proceeds, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 John, this doctrine intensifies at the ontological identity statements ‘God is light’ (1:5) and ‘God is love’ (4:8, 16), and at the direct deity claim ‘he is the true God’ (5:20). Strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception denoted by this same native Eastern Iranian word at every one of these occurrences.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 John, ‘Isa’ still carries the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative that must be actively corrected, especially at 4:2-3’s incarnation confession and 5:20’s ‘true God’ statement.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 John, Masih is the root of two new collision-prone compounds unique to this letter: ضد مسیح (antichrist) and مسح (anointing), both of which must be kept distinct from Christ’s own unique Messianic identity at every occurrence (2:18-27; 4:3).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای زوی
Transliteration: da Khudai zoy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 John 4:15 makes confessing ‘Jesus is the Son of God’ the letter’s own salvation-defining confession, structurally parallel to Romans 10:9’s ‘Jesus is Lord.’ Must never read as metaphorical, adoptive, or honorary sonship.
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 John 3:1’s ‘what manner of love the Father has given us, that we should be called children of God,’ plar’s stern-authority connotation in Pashtun patriarchal culture must be deliberately counterbalanced with the warmth of God’s fatherly love. Complements the new children_of_god (begetting-language) entry below.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 John 3:24 and 4:13, the Spirit given to believers grounds assurance of mutual abiding; must be disambiguated from the generic created ‘spirits’ tested in 4:1-6, and from the created-being (angel Jibril) identification found in mainstream tafsir.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 John 1:9’s ‘cleanse us from all unrighteousness’ (ناصداقتي) is the negative counterpart to this term, and 2:29/3:7 use righteousness as a mark of new birth; extend the baseline’s honor-restoration framing here.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Root of the new compound نجات ورکوونکی (‘Savior,’ 4:14, see savior entry); the nanawatai-bridge framing already established in the baseline must be extended to that compound.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: تجسد
Transliteration: tajassud
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 John 4:2-3 is the flagship confessional test verse for this doctrine in the whole book: ‘every spirit that confesses Jesus Christ come in the flesh is from God.’ Given Pashto’s especially thin, unsettled Christian theological tradition, the periphrastic form (see christ_come_in_flesh entry) must be used alongside تجسد, never the noun alone.
Love Noun
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God’s Nature
New for 1 John. مینه is the everyday Pashto word for romantic/erotic and familial affection; the ontological identity claim ‘God is love’ (4:8, 16) risks being heard as one attribute among 99 divine names (al-Wadud) rather than God’s very essence. Must be taught explicitly as self-giving, sacrificial love, not affection or desire, at every core occurrence (4:7-21; also 2:5, 15; 3:1, 16-17).
Love Verb
Approved rendering: مینه کول
Transliteration: mina kawul
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: ἀγαπάω
Category: God’s Nature
New for 1 John. Verb form of love_noun; same collision risk. The command ‘let us love one another’ (4:7) and ‘we love because he first loved us’ (4:19) both depend on retaining the self-giving, God-originated sense rather than sentimental affection.
Light
Approved rendering: رڼا
Transliteration: rana
Doctrine: God is Light
Original: φῶς
Category: God’s Nature
New for 1 John. رڼا risks being heard as ‘God gives light’ rather than ‘light is what God essentially is’ (1:5). Compounded by residual pre-Islamic Zoroastrian-influenced light/darkness cosmology in the Eastern Iranian cultural sphere, which could recast this as two co-equal contending cosmic forces rather than the sovereign God and a subordinate darkness. Render with explicit copula-emphasis construction, e.g. ‘خدای پخپله رڼا ده.‘
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: د ژوند کلام
Transliteration: da zhwand kalam
Doctrine: The Word of Life and Apostolic Testimony
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Revelation
New for 1 John (1:1-2). کلام shares its root directly with the Qur’an’s own title for Jesus, Kalimatullah (‘Word of God,’ Qur’an 3:45; 4:171), a title stripped in Islamic usage of any claim to eternal, uncreated divine ontology. Must be actively corrected at first occurrence, following the same pattern already established for messiah and son_of_god.
Blood
Approved rendering: وینه
Transliteration: wina
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
New for 1 John (1:7; 5:6, 8). وینه connects directly to Pashtunwali’s badal (blood-feud/blood-debt) logic, where blood-debts are settled through retaliation or negotiated compensation. Christ’s blood must be taught as a once-for-all, sufficient atoning payment ending the cycle, not one transaction within an ongoing retaliatory system.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: د ګناهانو د بښنې قربانی
Transliteration: da gunahano da bakhne qurbani
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: كفاره
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Atonement
New for 1 John (2:2; 4:10). كفاره (kaffara), the standard Islamic term for a repeatable human-performed compensatory act (e.g., fasting or almsgiving to expiate an oath), is explicitly rejected. The periphrastic rendering must be paired with the nanawatai cultural bridge (a guilty party’s submission accepted in place of retaliation), while making clear the initiative here is God’s own, reversing nanawatai’s normal direction where the offender must initiate submission.
Anointing
Approved rendering: مسح
Transliteration: masah
Doctrine: Anointing and Spiritual Discernment
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Discernment
New for 1 John (2:20, 27). مسح shares its root directly with مسیح (Masih, ‘the Anointed One’); the ordinary believer’s anointing (the Spirit’s gift of discernment given to all believers) must be sharply distinguished from Christ’s unique, unrepeatable Messianic anointing at every occurrence, to prevent any reading that a believer thereby becomes ‘a christ.‘
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ضد مسیح
Transliteration: zid Masih
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Eschatology
New for 1 John (2:18, 22; 4:3). Invites a partial, calibrated bridge to the Sunni end-times deceiver al-Dajjal, but John’s antichrist is defined specifically by denial of the true incarnation, which is not Dajjal’s defining trait in Islamic tradition; the analogy must not be assumed exact and must not be flattened into a merely political ‘enemy’ figure.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای بچیان
Transliteration: da Khudai bachiyan
Doctrine: New Birth and Regeneration
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ / γεννάω ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
New for 1 John (2:29; 3:1-2, 9-10; 4:7; 5:1-4, 18). له خدای زیږیدلی (begotten of God) shares the root collision with the Qur’an’s denial that God begets (112:3); must be taught as believers’ derivative, faith-based spiritual begetting, sharply distinguished from Christ’s own unique eternal generation. Complements, does not replace, the baseline’s legal-adoption (زوی نیول) term family from Romans 8.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: درغلی پیغمبر
Transliteration: drughlay peghambar
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Discernment
New for 1 John (4:1). Extends the baseline’s High-risk پیغمبر entry with special sensitivity: claims about false prophethood are a live, legally sensitive issue in the Pashto-speaking world, most visibly in Pakistan’s constitutional/criminal treatment of the Ahmadiyya movement’s prophethood claims (khatm-e-nubuwwat). Must be strictly confined to the 4:1-3 Christological confession test and never framed in a way that resembles that unrelated intra-Islamic controversy.
Christ Come In Flesh
Approved rendering: عیسی مسیح چې په بشري بدن راغلی
Transliteration: Isa Masih che pa bashari badan raghalay
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα
Category: Christology
New for 1 John (4:2-3). Flagship verse for the Incarnation doctrine in 1 John; extends the baseline’s Critical تجسد entry with a concrete periphrastic form, exactly per the baseline’s own recommendation for this doctrine given Pashto’s especially thin, unsettled Christian theological tradition. Never use تجسد alone in this context.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجات ورکوونکی
Transliteration: nejat warkawunkay
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
New for 1 John (4:14). Extends the baseline’s Critical salvation/نجات entry; must retain the nanawatai/substitutionary framing already established, and must not be confused with a general ‘helper’ or with any prophet-savior figure of Islamic eschatology (Mahdi/Dajjal).
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: تلپاتې ژوند
Transliteration: talpate zhwand
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New for 1 John (2:25; 3:15; 5:11-13, 20). Must be distinguished from the Islamic afterlife framework centered on Jannah as a place/reward contingent on the final weighing of deeds; eternal life here is a present, relational, already-known possession (‘that you may know that you have,’ 5:13), not a future reward pending judgment outcome, nor a cyclical-existence concept.
True God
Approved rendering: ریښتینی خدای
Transliteration: rishtinay Khudai
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ ἀληθινός θεός
Category: Christology
New for 1 John (5:20). Extends the baseline’s Critical god and deity_of_christ entries. This clause identifies Jesus Christ himself, without qualification, as ‘the true God’ — must never be softened or reworded to avoid the directness of the claim, paralleling Romans 9:5’s similar force; the paradigm shirk case from a strict tawhid standpoint.
Only Son
Approved rendering: يوازینی زوی
Transliteration: yawazini zoy
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Original: μονογενής υἱός
Category: Christology
New for 1 John (4:9). Extends the baseline’s Critical son_of_god entry; must not be softened to ‘beloved son,’ which would collapse Christ’s unique divine origin into mere affection — same Qur’anic collision (4:157, 112:3, 19:35) as the baseline notes, with no settled local precedent controversy to draw lessons from.
High Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 John develops ongoing confession of sin among believers (1:8-10) as distinct from the once-for-all cleansing already accomplished, and introduces the disputed pastoral category ‘sin unto death’ (5:16-17, see sin_unto_death entry).
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 John 5:4-5 makes faith itself the means of overcoming the world; the verb form (پیستیوو/ایمان راوړل, 4:16; 5:1, 5, 10, 13) must retain the same personal-trust sense as this noun entry, not creedal loyalty to a system or to Pashtunwali’s honor code (nang).
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not directly used in 1 John’s own text (John identifies himself only as ‘we/us’ eyewitnesses in 1:1-4, and as ‘the elder’ in 2 and 3 John, not in 1 John). Retained here for cross-reference completeness only, consistent with analysis/08_core_glossary.md Part A.
Darkness
Approved rendering: تیاره
Transliteration: tyara
Doctrine: God is Light
Original: σκότος / σκοτία
Category: God’s Nature
New for 1 John. Risk of dualistic misreading given residual regional Zoroastrian-influenced light/darkness folk cosmology (two contending principles); must be taught as morally subordinate to God’s sovereignty (1:5-7; 2:8-11), never as an independent ultimate power.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: پاکول
Transliteration: pakawul
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sin
New for 1 John (1:7, 9). Direct collision alert: the baseline explicitly rejected پاکوالی for sanctification because of ritual-purity (wudu-style) associations; the same root risk applies here. Must always be paired in the same clause with explicit reference to Christ’s blood (‘د عیسی مسیح په وینه’) so the ritual-purity misreading is blocked by context.
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: ناصداقتي
Transliteration: na-sadaqati
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Sin
New for 1 John (1:9). Negative counterpart to the baseline’s Critical صداقت entry; must be rendered so the negation of righteousness is transparent to the reader, reinforcing rather than obscuring the honor-restoration bridge already established for righteousness.
Confess
Approved rendering: اقرار کول
Transliteration: iqrar kawul
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Sin
New for 1 John (1:9; 4:2-3, 15). اقرار is used in Islamic legal/testimonial contexts (court confession, elements of creedal profession); must be taught as ongoing relational honesty and doctrinal fidelity concerning sin and Christ’s identity, not a one-time ritual formula analogous to the shahada.
Advocate
Approved rendering: وکیل
Transliteration: wakil
Doctrine: Advocate and Intercession of Christ
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Atonement
New for 1 John (2:1). Extends the baseline’s منځګړیتوب (intercession) entry. وکیل is a genuine positive bridge, the concrete legal/jirga representative role familiar from tribal dispute settlement, but must be calibrated: a human wakil’s advocacy has only contingent, negotiated success, whereas Christ’s advocacy before the Father is infinite and guaranteed by his own finished atoning work.
World Negative
Approved rendering: نړۍ
Transliteration: nrai
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: امتونه
Original: κόσμος
Category: Cosmology
New for 1 John (2:15-17; 4:4-5; 5:4-5, 19 — negative Johannine sense: the God-opposing moral-spiritual order). Same Pashto word as world_positive above; requires mandatory sense-disambiguating annotation at every occurrence so ‘do not love the world’ (2:15) is never confused with God’s own love for the world (4:9).
Deny
Approved rendering: انکار کول
Transliteration: inkar kawul
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Christology
New for 1 John (2:22-23). Must be paired with explicit teaching that denying the Son is denial of the Father himself, directly challenging the common interfaith assumption of ‘same God, different Christology.‘
Brother
Approved rendering: ورور
Transliteration: wror
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Ecclesiology
New for 1 John (2:9-11; 3:10-17; 4:20-21). Collides with Pashtun identity’s powerful blood-and-tribe brotherhood structures (qawm/khel lineage, tarburwali paternal-cousin rivalry, badal blood-obligation). Spiritual brotherhood by new birth can transcend, and at times directly conflict with, tribal loyalty — must be taught explicitly, with pastoral sensitivity to the real, sometimes acute, social cost converts may bear.
Abide
Approved rendering: پاتې کیدل
Transliteration: pate kedal
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: μένω
Category: Fellowship
New for 1 John (2:6, 10, 14, 17, 24, 27-28; 3:6, 9, 14-15, 17, 24; 4:12-13, 15-16). Pashto’s rich regional Sufi poetic tradition has vocabulary for divine indwelling oriented toward fana (self-dissolution into God) and wahdat-al-wujud (oneness of being); John’s μένω must be taught as covenantal, relational communion preserving the Creator-creature distinction, not mystical absorption or loss of personal identity.
Truth
Approved rendering: رښتیا
Transliteration: rishtia
Doctrine: Walking in Light and Truth
Rejected alternatives: حقیقت
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Epistemology
New for 1 John (1:6, 8; 2:4, 21; 3:18-19; 4:6; 5:6). حقیقت carries strong technical weight in regional Sufi mysticism, where Haqiqah names an esoteric, advanced mystical stage in the classical Sharia→Tariqa→Haqiqah→Marifa scheme; native رښتیا is preferred exclusively, following the same reasoning the baseline used in preferring ملګرتیا over شراکت for fellowship.
Test The Spirits
Approved rendering: روحونه ازمویل
Transliteration: rohuna azmoyel
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: δοκιμάζειν τὰ πνεύματα
Category: Discernment
New for 1 John (4:1). Risk of conflation with folk-Islamic and pre-Islamic Pashtun practices of jinn-testing, exorcism, or taweez-based spiritual diagnosis; must be taught as doctrinal discernment against the apostolic confession of Christ’s incarnation (4:2-3), never as ritual spirit-detection. Always anchor in the same sentence to the confession test.
Spirit Of Truth Error
Approved rendering: د رښتیا روح / د تېروتنې روح
Transliteration: da rishtia rooh / da terotane rooh
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας / πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης
Category: Discernment
New for 1 John (4:6). Refers to the source/spirit behind teaching, not to jinn or possessing spirits; must not be confused with folk-Islamic spirit categories.
Testify
Approved rendering: شاهدي ورکول
Transliteration: shahidi warkawal
Doctrine: Threefold Witness to the Son
Original: μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία
Category: Evidentiary
New for 1 John (1:2; 4:14; 5:6-11). شاهد/شهادت is the defining root of the Islamic shahada (creedal testimony); John’s testimony is eyewitness, evidentiary testimony to historical and spiritual facts about the Son, not a creedal recitation formula — this distinction must be taught explicitly, echoing baseline cautions on ‘faith’ and ‘apostle.‘
Confidence
Approved rendering: ډاډ
Transliteration: dad
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρρησία
Category: Assurance
New for 1 John (2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14). Directly engages the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation collision with mainstream Islamic piety’s treatment of presuming final salvation as presumptuous, given the deeds-weighing framework anticipated at Yawm al-Qiyamah; must be taught as confidence grounded in Christ’s finished work, never self-merit.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: د محاکمې ورځ
Transliteration: da mahakame warz
Doctrine: Perfect Love Casts Out Fear
Original: ἡμέρα κρίσεως
Category: Judgment
New for 1 John (4:17). Shared eschatological category with the Islamic Yawm al-Qiyamah; the confident, non-fearful posture toward this day (4:17-18) must be explicitly contrasted with the deeds-weighing uncertainty typical of Qiyamah expectation.
Overcome Victory
Approved rendering: بریالیتوب
Transliteration: barialitob
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω / νίκη
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New for 1 John (2:13-14; 4:4; 5:4-5). Carries strong resonance with recent regional military-political conquest rhetoric; must be explicitly taught as moral/spiritual victory through faith, never territorial, political, or violent conquest, paralleling the baseline’s caution distinguishing God’s kingdom from ‘Islamic Emirate’ political-sovereignty framing. Qualify as ‘روحاني بریالیتوب’ (spiritual victory) at first use per passage.
Water And Blood
Approved rendering: اوبه او وینه
Transliteration: obba aw wina
Doctrine: Threefold Witness to the Son
Original: ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα
Category: Evidentiary
New for 1 John (5:6-8). Requires explanatory framing (water = the inauguration of Christ’s earthly ministry; blood = his atoning death) so it is not read as merely sacramental ritual elements detached from their historical referents. Flag the textual-basis question re: the ‘heavenly witnesses’ gloss (5:7b-8a, Comma Johanneum) for house-style confirmation before translation.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 John 2:20, ‘the Holy One’ (ho hagios) functions as a heightened, title-level divine title (source of the believer’s anointing), beyond the baseline’s attribute-level treatment; risk rises toward High in this specific title use.
Commandment
Approved rendering: حکم
Transliteration: hukm
Doctrine: The Commandment of Love
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Ethics
New for 1 John (2:7-11; 3:22-24; 4:21). حکم must retain the sense of a binding directive from Christ himself, while being distinguished from the technical Islamic legal-ruling category hukm shar’i; this is Christ’s own specific, relational command, not a shari’a-style legal ruling.
World Positive
Approved rendering: نړۍ
Transliteration: nrai
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: امتونه
Original: κόσμος
Category: Cosmology
New for 1 John (4:9, 14 — positive Johannine sense: humanity as the object of God’s saving love). Same Pashto word as world_negative below; context must always disambiguate which sense is active. امتونه rejected per baseline’s caution against the loaded Ummah root.
Parousia
Approved rendering: بیا راتګ
Transliteration: bya ratg
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
New for 1 John (2:28). Sunni eschatology positively affirms Isa’s future return (to defeat al-Dajjal, alongside the Mahdi) — genuine common ground — but the content differs sharply: Christ returns as glorified divine Judge and Savior in his own right, not as a subordinate prophet assisting another figure.
Know Relational
Approved rendering: پیژندل
Transliteration: pezhandal
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: γινώσκω
Category: Epistemology
New for 1 John (2:3-5, 13-14; 3:1, 6, 16, 19-20; 4:6-8, 16). Must be taught as relational/experiential knowing tied to a loving life, distinguished from shahada-style creedal recitation, echoing the baseline’s caution on Islamic six-pillars iman.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: بې قانونی
Transliteration: be qanuni
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
New for 1 John (3:4). Must be taught alongside the baseline’s ناموس (namus) so that ‘lawlessness’ refers to defiance of God’s own moral order specifically, not violation of either shari’a or Pashtunwali tribal customary law.
Devil
Approved rendering: شیطان
Transliteration: shaitan
Doctrine: Children of God versus Children of the Devil
Original: διάβολος
Category: Cosmology
New for 1 John (3:8, 10, 12; 5:18-19). A genuinely shared figure across the Judeo-Christian-Islamic traditions (real common ground), but the sharp either-or framing (‘of God’ vs. ‘of the devil,’ no third category) must not be softened for the sake of interfaith comity — this dualism is a deliberate rhetorical and doctrinal feature of the text.
Perfected Love
Approved rendering: بشپړه مینه
Transliteration: bashpara mina
Doctrine: Perfect Love Casts Out Fear
Original: τελειόω / τελεία ἀγάπη
Category: God’s Nature
New for 1 John (2:5; 4:12, 17-18). Must not be read as moral perfectionism (a performance standard achieved by effort) but as love reaching its God-given, intended, relational completeness.
Fear
Approved rendering: وېره
Transliteration: wera
Doctrine: Perfect Love Casts Out Fear
Original: φόβος
Category: Assurance
New for 1 John (4:18). Specifically servile/punitive dread displaced by mature love, not reverence generally; must be distinguished contextually from reverential ‘fear of the Lord’ language elsewhere in Scripture.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: مرګ ته وړونکې ګناه
Transliteration: marg ta wrunkay gunah
Doctrine: Sin unto Death (Pastoral Caution)
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
New for 1 John (5:16-17). A genuinely disputed exegetical category (final apostasy? a specific grave sin? persistent unrepentant sin?) rather than only a translation-risk issue; append a study/interpretive caution note rather than resolving the ambiguity in the translation itself.
Sent
Approved rendering: لیږل
Transliteration: leygal
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀποστέλλω
Category: Christology
New for 1 John (4:9-10, 14). ‘Sending’ here presupposes the Son’s pre-existence, a claim the tawhid framework denies for any figure but God alone; rises toward High risk in this specific Christological context.
Manifest
Approved rendering: ښکاره کول
Transliteration: tskara kawul
Doctrine: God is Love
Original: φανερόω
Category: Revelation
New for 1 John (1:2; 3:5, 8; 4:9). Standard revelation vocabulary; low independent risk beyond the surrounding Incarnation and God-is-love doctrines it serves.
Seen
Approved rendering: لیدلی
Transliteration: lidalay
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: θεάομαι
Category: Revelation
New for 1 John (4:12; cf. 1:1-3). Flag the apparent tension for translator/teacher notes: 4:12 denies anyone has seen God’s invisible essence; 1:1-3 affirms the apostles saw and touched the incarnate Son. Both must stand without contradiction — a key Incarnation-doctrine teaching point.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا
Transliteration: malgartia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: شراکت
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 John 1:3, 6-7 frames fellowship as both vertical (with the Father and Son) and horizontal (with one another); both dimensions must be retained together as the letter’s opening thesis. The doctrine’s centrality rises to High for this curriculum (see doctrine_risk_registry.json) even though the term itself remains lexically Low risk.
Cain Abel
Approved rendering: قابیل / هابیل
Transliteration: Qabil / Habil
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: Κάϊν / Ἄβελ
Category: Proper Names
New for 1 John (3:12). Established Qur’anic-shared Pashto forms, a genuine positive asset; the moral point (murderous hatred as the opposite of brotherly love) transfers cleanly with no adaptation required.
Liar
Approved rendering: درغلی
Transliteration: drughlay
Doctrine: Walking in Light and Truth
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Ethics
New for 1 John (1:10; 2:4, 22; 4:20). Standard vocabulary; ties to the letter’s broader true/false-teacher theme.
Punishment
Approved rendering: سزا
Transliteration: saza
Doctrine: Perfect Love Casts Out Fear
Original: κόλασις
Category: Judgment
New for 1 John (4:18). Standard judicial-penal vocabulary; no independent collision risk beyond the surrounding assurance doctrine.
Idol
Approved rendering: بت
Transliteration: but
Doctrine: Idolatry and Guarding the Faith
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Ethics
New for 1 John (5:21). Positive shared value with Islam (idolatry avoidance), though the letter’s deeper concern — guarding true knowledge of the true God/Son against counterfeit teaching — gives this closing word added doctrinal weight beyond literal idol-worship.
Ought
Approved rendering: باید
Transliteration: bayed
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Ethics
New for 1 John (4:11; 3:16). Resonates with Pashtunwali’s own strong sense of reciprocal obligation, but here the obligation runs toward fellow believers, not back toward God as repayment for grace received — reinforce this distinction against the melmastia reciprocity default already flagged in the baseline for grace.
Beloved
Approved rendering: ګرانو
Transliteration: granu
Doctrine: Pastoral Address (Non-Doctrinal Rhetorical Term)
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Rhetorical
New for 1 John (2:7; 3:2, 21; 4:1, 7, 11). John’s pastoral affectionate address to his readers, grounding the command to love in their own belovedness; standard affectionate vocative.
Hate
Approved rendering: نفرت کول
Transliteration: nafrat kawul
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: μισέω
Category: Ethics
New for 1 John (2:9, 11; 3:13, 15; 4:20). Strong active hostility, not mere indifference; the behavioral test exposing a false claim to love God. Standard vocabulary.
Referenced passages