Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Timothy (English → Pashto)
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | 2 Timothy Occurrence(s) | Continuity Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | انجیل | Injil | High | 1:8, 1:10, 2:8, 2:9, 4:5 | ”work of an evangelist” (4:5) shares this root; carries forward the baseline’s tahrif caution. |
| grace | فضل | fazal | High | 1:2, 1:9, 2:1 | ”Grace, mercy, peace” greeting; grace given “before the world began” (1:9) reinforces eternal, unilateral gift. |
| faith | ایمان | iman | High | 1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:8, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7 | Very high-frequency term in this book; “kept the faith” (4:7) and “reprobate concerning the faith” (3:8) both load-bearing. |
| righteousness | صداقت | sadaqat | Critical | 2:22, 3:16, 4:8 | ”Crown of righteousness” (4:8) must connect back to imputed_righteousness, not merit. |
| justification | صادق ګڼل کیدل | sadiq ganal kedal | Critical | (implicit background) | Not a direct lexical occurrence in 2 Timothy but underlies 4:8’s crown-of-righteousness logic. |
| salvation | نجات | nejat | Critical | 2:10, 3:15 | ”Salvation… with eternal glory” (2:10) ties salvation directly to Assurance of Reward. |
| apostle | رسول | rasul | High | 1:1, 1:11 | Paul’s self-designation opening the letter. |
| called | بلل شوی | balal shaway | High | 1:9 | ”who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling.” |
| calling | بلنه | balana | Medium | 1:9 | Paired with “called,” above. |
| holy | مقدس | moqaddas | Medium | 1:9, 3:15 | ”holy calling,” “holy scriptures.” |
| saints | مقدسان | moqaddasan | Medium | (background) | Informs the corporate, non-elite reading of “man of God” (3:17). |
| sanctification | تقدیس | taqdis | High | 2:21 (implicit) | Underlies “vessel unto honour… sanctified” (2:21). |
| resurrection | بیا راژوندي کیدل | bya rajwandi kedal | Critical | 2:8, 2:18 | Hymenaeus/Philetus error (2:18) directly denies bodily future resurrection — apply full baseline Critical rationale. |
| lord | خداوند | Khudawand | Critical | throughout (e.g. 1:2, 1:8, 4:1, 4:8, 4:22) | Christ’s exclusive Lordship undergirds 4:1’s judgment claim. |
| peace | سوله | sola | Medium | 2:22 | ”follow… peace” — pursue-list virtue. |
| glory | جلال | jalal | High | 2:10, 4:18 | ”eternal glory” (2:10), doxology (4:18). |
| kingdom_of_god | د خدای پاچاهي | da Khudai pachahi | Medium | 4:1, 4:18 | ”his kingdom” (4:1, judgment context) and “his heavenly kingdom” (4:18, preservation context) — both need the Islamic-Emirate-framing caution. |
| power_of_god | د خدای قدرت | da Khudai qodrat | Medium | 1:7, 1:8, 4:17 | ”spirit of power,” “power of God,” “the Lord stood with me and strengthened me.” |
| seed_of_david | د داود نسل | da Dawud nasl | High | 2:8 | ”Jesus Christ was raised from the dead, of the seed of David.” |
| david | داود | Dawud | Medium | 2:8 | See above. |
| exhort | هڅول | hakol | Low | 4:2 | Context-sensitive per baseline note; may alternate with نصیحت کول. |
| mission | ماموریت | ma’muriyat | High | (background) | Underlies “work of an evangelist” (4:5) safety context. |
| church | کلیسا | kalisa | Critical | (background) | Underlies “household of faith” references (1:16, 4:19-21). |
| spiritual_gifts | روحاني ورکړې | rohani warkane | Medium | 1:6 | ”stir up the gift of God which is in thee.” |
| thanksgiving | شکر | shukr | Low | 1:3 | ”I thank God.” |
| messiah / christ | مسیح | Masih | Critical | throughout | ”Christ Jesus” occurs repeatedly; apply full baseline Critical rationale at every occurrence. |
| jesus | عیسی | Isa | Critical | throughout | Apply full baseline Critical rationale at every occurrence. |
| god | خدای | Khudai | Critical | throughout | Apply full baseline Critical rationale at every occurrence. |
| holy_spirit | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | 1:14 | ”by the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us.” |
| imputed_righteousness | محسوبه شوی صداقت | mahsuba shway sadaqat | Critical | (background) | Must inform teaching on 4:8’s crown of righteousness. |
B. New Terms Proposed for the 2 Timothy Curriculum
Core Passage Terms (2 Timothy 3:14–4:5)
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| continue/remain steadfast | menē | ټینګ پاتې شه | ting pate sha | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | Anchor to content learned, not mere willpower/firmness. |
| assured/convinced | epistōthēs | باور پیدا کړی | bawar paida kray | Medium-High | Assurance of Reward | Certainty-about-doctrine parallels the caution on certainty-about-salvation. |
| sacred writings / Scripture | hiera grammata / graphē | مقدس نوشتې / مقدس کتاب | moqaddas nawishte / moqaddas kitab | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | Must not be heard as a generic “holy book” nor a corrupted/superseded predecessor text. |
| God-breathed / inspired | theopneustos | د خدای لخوا الهام شوی | da Khudai lakhwa ilham shaway | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | Ilham is Islamically a lesser inspiration than wahy; wahy itself rejected as implying dictation. Requires explicit teaching every occurrence. |
| profitable | ōphelimos | ګټور | gatawar | Low | Inspiration/Sufficiency | — |
| doctrine/teaching | didaskalia | تعلیم | ta’lim | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Generic form of the “sound doctrine” compound below. |
| reproof | elenchos | نیوکه | niwaka | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | — |
| correction | epanorthōsis | اصلاح | islah | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Collision with Islamic reform-movement discourse; anchor to Scripture’s own corrective work. |
| instruction/training | paideia | روزنه | rozana | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Native child-rearing image, good fit. |
| man of God | ho tou theou anthrōpos | د خدای سړی | da Khudai saray | Medium | Faithful Transmission / Sufficiency | Must not be heard as a pir/wali-style spiritual elite; corporate, not exclusive. |
| complete/perfect | artios | بشپړ | bashpar | Low | Sufficiency of Scripture | — |
| thoroughly equipped | exērtismenos | سمبال شوی | sambal shaway | High | Sufficiency of Scripture | Direct claim of Scripture’s self-sufficiency, contra the Qur’an-plus-hadith-corpus model. |
| good works | ergon agathon | نیک کارونه | nek karuna | Medium | Sufficiency of Scripture | Must not read as merit toward salvation. |
| charge (solemn) | diamartyromai | ټینګ حکم | ting hukm | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | Retain solemn, witnessed weight. |
| judge the living and the dead | krinein zōntas kai nekrous | ژوندي او مړي قضاوت کول | zhwandi aw marri qazawat kawul | Critical | The Charge to Preach the Word / Deity of Christ | Exclusive divine judgment prerogative assigned to Christ; collides with Allah-alone-judges Sunni theology. |
| appearing | epiphaneia | راڅرګندېدنه | ra-tsergandedana | Critical | Incarnation / Second Coming | Covers both 1:10 (first appearing) and 4:1/4:8 (second appearing); must disambiguate and correct the Islamic Isa-returns-as-subordinate-figure narrative. |
| preach/herald | kēryssō | وعظ کړه / اعلان کړه | waaz kra / e’lan kra | Critical | The Charge to Preach the Word | Overlaps baseline’s mission/evangelism safety warning; avoid mosque-sermon public framing given underground house-church context. |
| be ready in season/out of season | epistēthi eukairōs akairōs | تل چمتو اوسه | tel chamtu osa | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | Real pastoral-safety tension; teach with wisdom about prudent timing. |
| rebuke | epitimēson | سخته رټنه | sakhta ratna | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | — |
| longsuffering/patience | makrothymia | زغم | zaghm | Low-Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | Shares root with “endure hardship” word-family; keep internally consistent. |
| sound doctrine | hygiainousa didaskalia | روغ تعلیم | rogh ta’lim | Critical | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Avoid drifting toward صحیح (hadith-authentication register); this is Scripture’s self-authenticating health-giving character. |
| will not endure | anexontai | زغم نه کړي | zaghm na kri | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Different Greek root from κακοπαθέω/ὑπομένω; do not force artificial wordplay. |
| itching ears (idiom) | knēthomenoi tēn akoēn | د زړه خوښې مطابق تعلیم غواړي | da zra khwakhe mutabiq ta’lim ghwari | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Idiom rendered periphrastically; no natural literal Pashto equivalent. |
| teachers | didaskaloi | ښوونکي | shwonki | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Neutral word, doctrinally significant referent. |
| turn away / apostasy | apostrephō | شا کول / له ایمان نه اوښتل | sha kawul / la iman na aoshtal | Critical | Apostasy and False Teachers | Collides with ridda (capital-offense apostasy-from-Islam category); handle with acute safety awareness. |
| the truth | alētheia | حقیقت | haqiqat | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Sufi haqiqat (esoteric mystical stage) risk; this is objective, accessible apostolic truth. |
| fables/myths | mythoi | افسانې | afsane | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Distinguish from Pashtun oral storytelling tradition generally. |
| be sober/watchful | nēphō | هوشیار اوسه | hoshiar osa | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | — |
| endure hardship/afflictions | kakopatheō | سختي زغملل | sakhti zaghmal | High | Perseverance under Suffering | Asset (resonates with lived persecution) and risk (must distinguish from honor/badal-code suffering-for-vindication logic). |
| evangelist / work of an evangelist | euangelistēs | مبشر | mubashir | Critical | The Charge to Preach the Word | Personal-identity extension of the baseline’s mission/evangelism safety-Critical rating. |
| ministry | diakonia | خدمت | khedmat | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | Sufi pir-service (khidmat) collision; this is service to Christ/church, not a human spiritual master. |
| make full proof / fulfill | plērophoreō | په بشپړه توګه ترسره کول | pa bashpara toga tarsara kawul | Medium | Assurance of Reward | Faithfulness completed, not merely begun. |
Chapter 1 Terms
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mercy | eleos | رحمت | rahmat | Medium | (greeting formula) | Positive Islamic overlap; anchor to mercy-in-Christ specifically. |
| conscience | syneidēsis | ضمیر | zamir | Medium | Faithful Transmission | Guard against ritual-purity misreading. |
| sound mind/self-discipline | sōphronismos | سنجیدګي | sanjidagi | Medium | Charge to Preach the Word | Contrast term to “spirit of fear.” |
| ashamed / not ashamed | epaischynomai | شرمېدل | sharmedal | High | Perseverance under Suffering | Honor-shame reversal: unashamed of a socially disgraceful (imprisoned) position for Christ’s sake. |
| appearing (first/incarnational) | epiphaneia | راڅرګندېدنه | ra-tsergandedana | Critical | Incarnation | See core-passage entry; disambiguate first vs. second appearing across the book. |
| immortality | aphtharsia | تلپاتې ژوند / ابدیت | talpate zhwand / abadiyat | Medium | Perseverance / Assurance | Must tie to Christ’s specific resurrection, not generic eternal-soul belief. |
| the good deposit | parathēkē | امانت | amanat | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Strong positive cultural/Islamic bridge (trust to be guarded); content must be specified as apostolic doctrine, unalterable. |
| pattern of sound words | hypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōn | د روغو خبرو نمونه | da rogho khabaro namuna | Medium-High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Shares روغ root with “sound doctrine” (4:3); keep consistent. |
Chapter 2 Terms
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| soldier | stratiōtēs | سرتیری | sartiri | High | Perseverance under Suffering | Military metaphor politically sensitive in an active-conflict region; keep strictly metaphorical. |
| athlete/contestant | athleō | لوبغاړی / مبارزه | lobghari / mubaraza | Low-Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | Keep the image simple. |
| farmer/husbandman | geōrgos | بزګر | bazgar | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | Strong native agrarian resonance. |
| word of God not bound | ho logos tou theou ou dedetai | نه تړل شوی | na tarl shaway | Medium-High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Keystone encouragement for an imprisonment-risk readership. |
| endure (and reign with him) | hypomenō | زغم / زغملل | zaghm / zaghmal | High | Assurance of Reward | Balance the conditional warning against a merit-based misreading of salvation. |
| deny | arneomai | انکار کول | inkar kawul | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | Must be paired with 2:13’s “he abideth faithful” to avoid contradicting assurance. |
| rightly dividing | orthotomeō | سمه تشریح کول | sema tashrih kawul | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | — |
| gangrene/spreading corruption | gangraina | پړسوب / ناسور | parsob / nasor | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Vivid warning image; keep concrete. |
| foundation (stands sure) | themelios | بنسټ | bnst | Medium | Assurance of Reward | Security grounded in God’s faithfulness, not performance. |
| vessel unto honor/dishonor | skeuos eis timēn/atimian | د عزت لپاره لوښی / د سپکاوي لپاره لوښی | da izzat lapara loshi / da spakawi lapara loshi | High | Sanctification / Guarding Sound Doctrine | Positive izzat (honor) bridge; must specify God-set-apart honor, not tribal honor. |
| repentance | metanoia | توبه | tuba | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | Islamic tawba bridge, but here God grants repentance — sovereign initiative, not only human turning. |
| snare of the devil | pagis tou diabolou | د شیطان دام | da shaitan dam | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Broadly shared, compatible vocabulary. |
Chapter 3 Terms (verses 1–13)
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| perilous times / last days | kairoi chalepoi / eschatais hēmerais | سخت وختونه / وروستني ورځې | sakht waktuna / wrostani wradze | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | Distinguish from regionally-loaded Mahdi/Dajjal akhir zaman frameworks. |
| godliness (form of) | eusebeia (morphōsis) | دینداري | dindari | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | Double-edged: natural rendering matches the text’s critique of empty outward religiosity, but must clarify true godliness includes the Spirit’s power. |
| live godly → persecution | eusebōs zēn → diōchthēsontai | تعقیب | ta’qib | Medium-High | Perseverance under Suffering | Normalizes persecution as the expected experience of faithful discipleship. |
| impostors/seducers | goētes | درغلي | draghali | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | — |
| reprobate concerning the faith | adokimoi peri tēn pistin | د ایمان په برخه ناکاره | da iman pa barkha nakara | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Avoid conflation with technical Reformed “reprobation” doctrine. |
Chapter 4 Terms (verses 6–22)
| English Term | Greek (translit.) | Pashto | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link | Key Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| poured out as an offering | spendomai | د قربانۍ په توګه ورکړل شوی | da qurbani pa toga warkral shaway | Medium-High | Perseverance under Suffering | Distinguish from the Islamic qurbani animal-sacrifice ritual; this is Paul’s own life/death. |
| my departure | analysis | روخوت / بیلتون | rokhwat / biltun | Low-Medium | Assurance of Reward | Death reframed as departure, not defeat. |
| fought the good fight | ton kalon agōna ēgōnismai | ښه جنګ / ښه مبارزه | kha jang / kha mubaraza | High | Assurance of Reward | Martial metaphor politically sensitive; strictly figurative, never literal combat/jihad framing. |
| finished the course | ton dromon teteleka | خپل مزل بشپړ کړی مې دی | khpal mazal bashpar kray me day | Medium | Assurance of Reward | — |
| kept the faith | tēn pistin tetērēka | ایمان ساتلی مې دی | iman satali me day | Medium | Faithful Transmission / Assurance of Reward | Use ساتل consistently for all “guard/keep” occurrences book-wide. |
| crown of righteousness | ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos | د صداقت تاج | da sadaqat taj | High | Assurance of Reward | Must connect to imputed (credited) righteousness — reward completes grace, is not separate merit. |
| loved this present world | agapēsas ton nyn aiōna | دې نړۍ سره مینه کول | de nrai sara mina kawul | Medium-High | Apostasy and False Teachers | Apostasy-by-worldliness/compromise, not only by false doctrine — relevant safety-related temptation. |
| deliver/rescue | rhyomai | خلاصول | khlasawul | Medium | Assurance of Reward | Distinguish from the doctrine of salvation (نجات) itself; ongoing providential rescue. |
Risk Summary (New Terms Introduced by This Curriculum)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing (per baseline framework) |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian review — every occurrence |
| High | 14 | Human theologian review |
| Medium-High | 8 | Human theologian review (borderline; route as High pending Step 2 doctrine registry finalization) |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 7 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 8 | Automated review |
Critical-tier new terms requiring theologian review at every occurrence: sacred writings/Scripture, God-breathed/inspired, judge the living and the dead, appearing (epiphaneia), preach/herald, sound doctrine, turn away/apostasy, evangelist/work of an evangelist, thoroughly equipped (borderline High/Critical — treat as Critical given its direct load-bearing role in the Sufficiency of Scripture doctrine).
This glossary extends but never contradicts the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section A terms must be reused exactly as recorded there. Section B terms are new proposals for theologian and native-speaker review before being written into translation memory.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (honor-shame bridging framework). Occurs at 2:22, 3:16 (formational/training sense), and 4:8 (‘crown of righteousness’). The baseline’s honor-restoration bridge extends naturally to Scripture’s training role in 3:16 and must anchor the 4:8 crown to credited, not earned, righteousness.
Justification
Approved rendering: صادق ګڼل کیدل
Transliteration: sadiq ganal kedal
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not a direct lexical occurrence in 2 Timothy but theologically underlies 4:8’s crown-of-righteousness logic; teach as background so the crown is not read as separately earned merit.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (nanawatai bridge, badal contrast). Occurs at 2:10 (‘salvation…with eternal glory’) and 3:15 (Scripture makes one ‘wise unto salvation’).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: تجسد
Transliteration: tajassud
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (theological category; cf. 2 Tim 1:9-10)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 2 Timothy 1:9-10’s ‘grace…given us…before the world began, but is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ.’ Pashto’s thin Christian tradition offers the least settled precedent for this term; pair the technical noun with a periphrastic ‘God became a man’ clause.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: بیا راژوندي کیدل
Transliteration: bya rajwandi kedal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:8 (Jesus Christ ‘raised from the dead’) and 2:18, where Hymenaeus and Philetus err by teaching ‘that the resurrection is past already’ - a direct ancient parallel to the Quran’s crucifixion-denial (4:157); affirm a real, still-future, bodily resurrection.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout (1:2, 1:8, 4:1, 4:8, 4:22); 4:1’s judgment context and 4:8’s crown-awarding context both presuppose Christ’s supreme, undelegated Lordship.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1:16 and 4:19-21’s household-of-faith references; teach with a dispersed, often secret community in view.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Christ Jesus’/‘Jesus Christ’ occurs repeatedly throughout the book (1:1, 1:2, 1:9-10, 2:1, 2:8, 4:1); apply full baseline Critical rationale at every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout the book; apply full baseline Critical rationale at every occurrence.
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout the book; distinguish strict tawhid theology from the Trinitarian referent at every occurrence.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:14: ‘by the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us.’ The created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction (against the mainstream tafsir identification with Jibril) must be made explicit.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: محسوبه شوی صداقت
Transliteration: mahsuba shway sadaqat
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: لاسته راوړی صداقت
Original: ἐλογίσθη…εἰς δικαιοσύνην (theological category)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not a direct lexical occurrence in 2 Timothy but must inform teaching on 4:8’s ‘crown of righteousness’ so the crown is understood as the gracious completion of righteousness already credited by faith, not separate merit.
Scripture Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: مقدس نوشتې / مقدس کتاب
Transliteration: moqaddas nawishte / moqaddas kitab
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: کتاب (unqualified, generic ‘a holy book’)
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα / γραφή
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:15-16. Must not be heard as a generic ‘holy book’ that could include the Qur’an, nor conceded as a corrupted predecessor superseded by later revelation (tahrif/naskh). Supplement at first occurrence with the qualifier ‘د خدای خبره’ (God’s own word) to block the generic reading.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: د خدای لخوا الهام شوی
Transliteration: da Khudai lakhwa ilham shaway
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: وحی (wahy - rejected because it implies verbatim angelic dictation, erasing the human authors’ own distinct voices)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, the doctrine’s defining verse. Islamic theology categorizes الهام (ilham) as a lesser, diffuse inspiration sharply subordinate to وحی (wahy); رendering with ilham alone risks demoting Scripture’s status. Every occurrence requires an explicit teaching clause distinguishing this unique, plenary, verbal divine act from both categories, e.g. ‘دا کلام پخپله د خدای خبره ده، که څه هم د انسانانو په خپلو الفاظو لیکل شوی.‘
Thoroughly Equipped
Approved rendering: سمبال شوی
Transliteration: sambal shaway
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17. Carries the sufficiency claim itself: no supplementary corpus is needed. Directly confronts the regional Islamic theological structure requiring the Qur’an to be supplemented by hadith, sunna, tafsir, and fiqh. Supplement with an explicit negation clause (‘پرته له کوم بل کتاب یا مذهبي لارښود ته اړتیا,’ without needing any other book or religious guide) so the counter-cultural force is not lost to silence.
Judge Living Dead
Approved rendering: ژوندي او مړي به قضاوت کړي
Transliteration: zhwandi aw marri ba qazawat kri
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ as Universal Judge
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 4:1. In Sunni theology final judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah) belongs to Allah alone; assigning this exclusive prerogative to Christ directly extends the baseline’s Critical deity_of_christ and lordship_of_christ doctrines into eschatology and must never be softened to a delegated or merely representative role.
Appearing
Approved rendering: راڅرګندېدنه
Transliteration: ra-tsergandedana
Doctrine: Incarnation and Christ’s Appearing
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
One Greek word (epiphaneia) doing double duty across the book: first (incarnate) appearing at 1:10, second (visible-return, judgment) appearing at 4:1 and 4:8. Must be disambiguated at every occurrence with explicit qualifiers - لومړی راڅرګندېدنه (first appearing) vs. دوهم راڅرګندېدنه (second appearing) - and corrected against Sunni eschatology’s Isa-returns-as-subordinate-figure narrative (defeating the Dajjal, breaking crosses, dying naturally, buried in Medina).
Preach Herald
Approved rendering: وعظ کړه / اعلان کړه
Transliteration: waaz kra / e’lan kra
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυξον
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2. وعظ is the standard word for a mosque sermon delivered by a mullah with recognized public/legal standing - a frame absent, and dangerous to assume, for the underground Pashto house-church context. Must be taught/contextualized as often quiet, private, small-group, or one-on-one proclamation, never necessarily public oratory. Directly intersects the baseline’s Critical mission/evangelism safety warnings.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: روغ تعلیم
Transliteration: rogh ta’lim
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: صحیح (sahih - the technical term of Islamic hadith-authentication science)
Original: ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 4:3, the defining term for Guarding Sound Doctrine. روغ (‘healthy/whole’) is a strong native fit for the body-health metaphor, but must never drift toward صحیح, which would reframe sound doctrine as chain-of-transmission (isnad-style) authentication rather than Scripture’s own inherent, self-authenticating, health-giving character.
Turn Away Apostasy
Approved rendering: شا کول / له ایمان نه اوښتل
Transliteration: sha kawul / la iman na aoshtal
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀποστρέψουσιν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4. Directly collides with the Islamic legal category of ridda (apostasy from Islam), a capital offense under classical shari’a and actively enforced in Taliban-controlled areas. This is an internal warning about believers/teachers abandoning sound doctrine within the church and must never be phrased in a way overhearable or reportable as an accusation that someone has ‘left Islam.’ Highest safety priority in this book.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: مبشر
Transliteration: mubashir
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5. Directly extends the baseline’s Critical mission and evangelism safety warnings into a personal-identity/role term: openly identifying as, or being identified as, one who does ‘the work of an evangelist’ among Muslim-background Pashtuns can expose a person to severe legal and social danger, up to capital risk in the most restrictive areas.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (see baseline notes on the tahrif/corruption assumption). In 2 Timothy occurs at 1:8, 1:10, 2:8, 2:9, 4:5 (‘the work of an evangelist’ shares this root); continue teaching as the NT record itself, not a corrupted successor text.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (melmastia reciprocity caution). 2 Timothy 1:9 states grace was ‘given us in Christ Jesus before the world began’ - an eternal, unilateral divine purpose predating any human response; see new doctrine entry ‘Grace Given Before the Ages’ below.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (iman/nang dual-loyalty caution). Very high-frequency in 2 Timothy: 1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:8, 3:10, 3:15, 4:7. 4:7’s ‘kept the faith’ and 3:8’s ‘reprobate concerning the faith’ are load-bearing occurrences.
Called
Approved rendering: بلل شوی
Transliteration: balal shaway
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / κέκληκεν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timothy 1:9: ‘who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling’ - effectual, salvific sense; the direction of address (God calling) must be explicit.
Calling
Approved rendering: بلنه
Transliteration: balana
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Paired with ‘called’ at 1:9 (‘holy calling’); must convey sovereign summons, not human-initiated seeking.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:9 (‘holy calling’) and 3:15 (‘holy scriptures’); reinforce relational, Spirit-wrought sense over ritual-observance holiness.
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسان
Transliteration: moqaddasan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly lexically present in 2 Timothy, but its corporate, non-elite sense informs the correct reading of ‘man of God’ (3:17) as generic, not a special caste.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdis
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἡγιασμένον
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 2:21’s ‘vessel…sanctified, and meet for the master’s use’; distinguish from ritual purification and from tribal-honor ‘cleanliness.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای قدرت
Transliteration: da Khudai qodrat
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:7 (‘spirit of power’), 1:8 (‘according to the power of God’), and 4:17 (‘the Lord stood with me, and strengthened me’).
Assured Convinced
Approved rendering: باور پیدا کړی
Transliteration: bawar paida kray
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἐπιστώθης
Category: Faith
2 Timothy 3:14. Mainstream Sunni piety treats confident certainty (especially regarding one’s own eternal standing) as presumptuous; here the object is Scripture’s reliability, but the same cultural reflex against ‘unearned certainty’ applies and must be taught explicitly, paralleling the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation caution.
Endure Hardship
Approved rendering: سختي زغملل
Transliteration: sakhti zaghmal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπάθησον
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:5 (root shared with 1:8, 2:3, 2:9). Genuine asset: resonates powerfully with the lived persecution experience of this readership. Genuine risk: Pashtunwali’s honor-shame culture (nang, badal) highly valorizes suffering endured for tribal/personal vindication; must be distinguished as suffering specifically for Christ with an eschatological reward in view.
Ministry
Approved rendering: خدمت
Transliteration: khedmat
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5. In the region’s widespread Sufi tariqa tradition, خدمت commonly denotes a disciple’s service to his spiritual master (pir) within a hierarchical mystical path. Biblical ministry is service rendered to Christ and his church, not to a human spiritual guide; teach this distinction explicitly.
Ashamed
Approved rendering: شرمېدل
Transliteration: sharmedal
Doctrine: Honor Reversal in Suffering for Christ
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 1:8, 1:12, 1:16. A powerful honor-shame bridge point: being unashamed of a socially disgraceful position (imprisonment, association with a condemned prisoner) for Christ’s sake is a deliberate reversal of ordinary Pashtun honor calculus, directly relevant and encouraging to a persecuted readership who may face social shame for their faith.
Good Deposit
Approved rendering: امانت
Transliteration: amanat
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:14 (cf. 1:12, 2:2). امانت is a richly resonant, highly valued concept in both Islam and Pashtunwali (a trust placed for safekeeping that must be faithfully guarded), a genuine positive bridge. Must specify the content as apostolic gospel doctrine specifically, and supplement with active-transmission language (’…او بلو رښتینو کسانو ته یې زده کړه’) since ordinary امانت usage implies safekeeping-then-return, not onward teaching to others; the deposit is not open to ijtihad-style alteration.
Pattern Sound Words
Approved rendering: د روغو خبرو نمونه
Transliteration: da rogho khabaro namuna
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 1:13. Shares the روغ (healthy) root with ‘sound doctrine’ (4:3); keep consistent throughout the book so learners recognize the recurring sound/healthy-teaching theme.
Soldier
Approved rendering: سرتیری
Transliteration: sartiri
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:3-4. In a region marked by active armed conflict, insurgency, and jihadist rhetoric, this military metaphor is vivid but politically dangerous if misheard as endorsing literal armed struggle. Must be taught unambiguously as metaphorical devotion to Christ’s service, never literal combat or jihad-adjacent framing.
Word Not Bound
Approved rendering: نه تړل شوی
Transliteration: na tarl shaway
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Church
2 Timothy 2:9. Given the acute, real imprisonment risk documented for this readership, this verse’s pastoral force (the message spreads even when the messenger is jailed) should be surfaced deliberately, not left implicit.
Endure Reign
Approved rendering: زغم / زغملل
Transliteration: zaghm / zaghmal
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 2:12. This verse’s conditional structure (‘if we endure…if we deny…’) sits directly beside the doctrine of assurance and must be taught carefully so as not to suggest salvation is precarious/merit-based, while still preserving the text’s real warning against denial.
Deny
Approved rendering: انکار کول
Transliteration: inkar kawul
Doctrine: Faithfulness of God amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:12. Must be taught alongside 2:13 (‘if we believe not, yet he abideth faithful’) so the warning is not read as contradicting God’s own faithfulness/assurance.
Vessel Honor Dishonor
Approved rendering: د عزت لپاره لوښی / د سپکاوي لپاره لوښی
Transliteration: da izzat lapara loshi / da spakawi lapara loshi
Doctrine: Sanctification and Honorable Use
Original: σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν / εἰς ἀτιμίαν
Category: Sanctification
2 Timothy 2:20-21. عزت (izzat, honor) is a central, genuinely positive Pashtunwali bridge term. Must clarify that the honor in view is being set apart for God’s holy purposes (sanctification), not tribal or family honor.
Repentance
Approved rendering: توبه
Transliteration: tuba
Doctrine: Gift of Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
2 Timothy 2:25: ‘if God peradventure will give them repentance.’ Islamic tawba is a major, positively-regarded virtue framed primarily as a human act within a deeds-and-mercy framework; this verse’s emphasis that God himself grants repentance is a sovereign-grace claim requiring explicit teaching against that default.
Perilous Times Last Days
Approved rendering: سخت وختونه / وروستني ورځې
Transliteration: sakht waktuna / wrostani wradze
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: καιροὶ χαλεποί / ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 3:1. Regional folk Islam and some extremist movements have politically-charged ‘end times’ (akhir zaman) frameworks (Mahdi, Dajjal, Ya’juj Ma’juj); Christian ‘last days’ teaching (the whole church age, culminating in Christ’s return as Judge) must be distinguished from these frameworks at first occurrence.
Godliness Form
Approved rendering: دینداري
Transliteration: dindari
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:5. دینداري most naturally denotes outward religious observance common across regional Islamic culture - the very ‘form’ the verse critiques. Double-edged: the natural sense matches the text’s critique well but must be supplemented so hearers understand true godliness includes the Spirit’s transforming power, not outward duty alone; avoid a phrasing hearable as anti-Islamic polemic.
Persecution For Godliness
Approved rendering: تعقیب
Transliteration: ta’qib
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πάντες οἱ θέλοντες εὐσεβῶς ζῆν…διωχθήσονται
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 3:12. Should be taught as an encouraging normalization of suffering (not experiencing something abnormal or a sign of divine displeasure), directly relevant to this readership’s lived experience.
Poured Out Offering
Approved rendering: د قربانۍ په توګه ورکړل شوی
Transliteration: da qurbani pa toga warkral shaway
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:6. قربانۍ (sacrifice) is a major shared term, also central to Islamic Eid al-Adha practice; must be clarified as Paul’s own life being poured out in faithful service and impending death, not an animal-sacrifice ritual act.
Fought Good Fight
Approved rendering: ښه جنګ کړی مې دی / ښه مبارزه کړی مې دی
Transliteration: kha jang kray me day / kha mubaraza kray me day
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:7. As with the soldier metaphor, martial/combative imagery resonates deeply with Pashtun honor-code culture but carries real risk of being heard as endorsing literal armed struggle or jihad-adjacent rhetoric in a conflict-affected region; must be clearly and repeatedly framed as a metaphor for faithful perseverance in gospel ministry, never literal combat.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: د صداقت تاج
Transliteration: da sadaqat taj
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:8, the culminating reward text for Assurance of Reward. Must be explicitly tied back to the baseline’s Critical imputed_righteousness entry (credited, not earned) so this crown is understood as the gracious completion of a righteousness already secured by faith in Christ, not a separate merit-based achievement, which would collapse into the shared Islamic deeds-weighing framework already flagged Critical for salvation in the baseline.
Loved Present World
Approved rendering: دې نړۍ سره مینه کول
Transliteration: de nrai sara mina kawul
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:10, contrasted deliberately with ‘those that love his appearing’ (4:8). Directly relevant to Apostasy and False Teachers: abandonment need not come only through false doctrine but also through love of worldly security - a sobering warning for a persecuted readership tempted toward compromise for safety or comfort.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (Muhammad-title collision caution retained). Paul’s self-designation opens and anchors the letter’s authority claim at 1:1 and 1:11.
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:22 as a pursue-list virtue alongside righteousness, faith, and love.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:10 (‘salvation…with eternal glory’) and 4:18 (closing doxology); anchor to Christ’s specific redemptive work, not generalized Sufi-poetic mystical splendor.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای پاچاهي
Transliteration: da Khudai pachahi
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:1 (‘his kingdom,’ judgment context) and 4:18 (‘his heavenly kingdom,’ preservation context); distinguish from the region’s explicit ‘Islamic Emirate’ political-religious sovereignty framing.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: د داود نسل
Transliteration: da Dawud nasl
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:8: ‘Jesus Christ was raised from the dead, of the seed of David,’ tying bodily resurrection to Davidic covenant fulfillment.
Mission
Approved rendering: ماموریت
Transliteration: ma’muriyat
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (life-threatening safety context retained). Underlies the safety context of 4:5’s ‘work of an evangelist.‘
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: روحاني ورکړې
Transliteration: rohani warkane
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:6: ‘stir up the gift of God which is in thee.’ Retain روحاني so it is not read as ordinary talent.
Continue Steadfast
Approved rendering: ټینګ پاتې شه
Transliteration: ting pate sha
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: μένε
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 3:14. ټینګ (firm) carries positive Pashtunwali honor-code steadfastness resonance; must be anchored to the specific content learned (apostolic teaching), not mere willpower or tribal firmness.
Doctrine Teaching
Approved rendering: تعلیم
Transliteration: ta’lim
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, 4:2. Distinguish from the heavier compound ‘sound doctrine’ (روغ تعلیم, 4:3).
Reproof
Approved rendering: نیوکه
Transliteration: niwaka
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἔλεγχος / ἔλεγξον
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, 4:2.
Correction
Approved rendering: اصلاح
Transliteration: islah
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16. اصلاح is heavily associated with regional Islamic reform-movement (islah) discourse; must be anchored explicitly to Scripture’s own corrective work applied by the Spirit, not a call toward any human reformist program.
Instruction Training
Approved rendering: روزنه
Transliteration: rozana
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: παιδεία
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16. A strong native fit given vivid child-rearing imagery in Pashtun culture.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای سړی
Transliteration: da Khudai saray
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 3:17. Must not be heard as designating a spiritually elite class akin to a regional Sufi pir/wali (venerated holy man with quasi-mediatorial status); every Scripture-formed believer, not a special caste, is in view. Retain the masculine grammatical form per established convention while teaching its generic, corporate application.
Good Works
Approved rendering: نیک کارونه
Transliteration: nek karuna
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἔργον ἀγαθόν
Category: Salvation
2 Timothy 3:17. Must not collapse into the shared Islamic deeds-weighing merit framework; these are fruit of Scripture-formed faith, not currency earning divine favor.
Solemn Charge
Approved rendering: ټینګ حکم کوم
Transliteration: ting hukm kawum
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:1. Must retain the solemn, witnessed character before God and Christ, not read as ordinary advice.
Ready In Season
Approved rendering: تل چمتو اوسه
Transliteration: tel chamtu osa
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπίστηθι εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2. ‘Out of season’ readiness may literally mean readiness in moments of danger for this readership; teach with wisdom about prudent timing rather than reckless exposure, echoing the baseline’s Romans 13 government-authority caution.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: سخته رټنه وکړه
Transliteration: sakhta ratna wa-kra
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἐπιτίμησον
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 4:2.
Longsuffering
Approved rendering: زغم
Transliteration: zaghm
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:2. Shares its root with the ‘endure hardship’ word-family (2:3, 2:9, 4:5); keep internally consistent across the book.
Will Not Endure
Approved rendering: زغم نه کړي
Transliteration: zaghm na kri
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνέξονται
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3. Distinct Greek root from κακοπαθέω/ὑπομένω elsewhere in the book; no artificial Pashto wordplay should be forced if it does not arise naturally.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: د زړه خوښې مطابق تعلیم غواړي
Transliteration: da zra khwakhe mutabiq ta’lim ghwari
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: literal calque of ‘itching ears’ (no natural Pashto idiom exists)
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3. No natural Pashto idiomatic equivalent exists; rendered periphrastically to preserve the doctrinal point (self-directed craving for pleasing teaching over truth).
Teachers
Approved rendering: ښوونکي
Transliteration: shwonki
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: διδάσκαλοι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3. The word itself is neutral; identifying false teachers is doctrinally significant for this doctrine.
The Truth
Approved rendering: حقیقت
Transliteration: haqiqat
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4. In the region’s strong Sufi tradition, حقیقت often denotes a hidden ultimate mystical reality reserved for advanced adepts at the final stage of the Sufi path. Biblical truth here is objective, apostolic, propositional truth accessible to and binding on all believers through Scripture, not an esoteric attainment.
Fables Myths
Approved rendering: افسانې
Transliteration: afsane
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μύθοι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4. Pashtun oral culture is rich in storytelling and poetic legend; must clarify these are specifically false religious teachings substituting for truth, not a blanket dismissal of oral storytelling tradition generally.
Make Full Proof
Approved rendering: په بشپړه توګه ترسره کړه
Transliteration: pa bashpara toga tarsara kra
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: πληροφόρησον
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5. Echoes 4:7’s ‘finished the course’ and anchors Assurance of Reward in completed, not merely begun, faithfulness.
Mercy
Approved rendering: رحمت
Transliteration: rahmat
Doctrine: Grace Given Before the Ages
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:2, part of the greeting formula alongside grace and peace. رحمت is deeply Islamic (Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim) and broadly compatible, but must be understood as God’s specific compassion toward believers in Christ, not left as a generic shared divine attribute without further teaching.
Conscience
Approved rendering: ضمیر
Transliteration: zamir
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
2 Timothy 1:3: Paul serves God ‘with pure conscience.’ Guard against a ritual-purity reading (wudu-style cleanliness); this is an inward, relational, Spirit-tuned moral conscience before a personal God, echoing his forefathers’ service that Timothy now continues.
Sound Mind
Approved rendering: سنجیدګي
Transliteration: sanjidagi
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Empowerment for Ministry
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:7, contrasted with ‘the spirit of fear.’ Key contrast term for ministering boldly-but-wisely under persecution.
Immortality
Approved rendering: تلپاتې ژوند / ابدیت
Transliteration: talpate zhwand / abadiyat
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 1:10, paired with ‘abolished death.’ Generic Islamic afterlife belief (an eternal soul in paradise or hell) could flatten this into an already-assumed idea; must be tied explicitly to Christ’s specific resurrection as the mechanism abolishing death.
Athlete
Approved rendering: لوبغاړی / مبارزه
Transliteration: lobghari / mubaraza
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἀθλέω
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:5. Competitive-sport culture may be less familiar in rural contexts; keep the image simple (rule-following, disciplined effort toward a prize).
Rightly Dividing
Approved rendering: سمه تشریح کول
Transliteration: sema tashrih kawul
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:15.
Gangrene
Approved rendering: پړسوب / ناسور
Transliteration: parsob / nasor
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:17. Medical vocabulary not previously extended metaphorically to doctrine in established Pashto Bible tradition; supply an explicit interpretive clause on first use (‘لکه ناسور چې بدن ته خوره شي، دا غلط تعلیم هم په کلیسا کې خوریږي’).
Foundation
Approved rendering: بنسټ
Transliteration: bnst
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Church
2 Timothy 2:19. Key term for Assurance of Reward - the security in view is God’s faithfulness, not the believer’s performance.
Snare Of Devil
Approved rendering: د شیطان دام
Transliteration: da shaitan dam
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:26. شیطان is shared vocabulary across Islam and Christianity; broadly compatible, though the underlying cosmology differs somewhat.
Impostors Seducers
Approved rendering: درغلي
Transliteration: draghali
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόητες
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13.
Reprobate Faith
Approved rendering: د ایمان په برخه ناکاره
Transliteration: da iman pa barkha nakara
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:8. Care needed so this is not heard as a technical Reformed ‘reprobation’ (predestination) claim; rather these individuals’ faith has failed a test of genuineness, a functional, observable failure, not a metaphysical decree.
Departure
Approved rendering: روخوت / بیلتون
Transliteration: rokhwat / biltun
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:6. Death reframed not as defeat but as departure toward Christ.
Finished Course
Approved rendering: خپل مزل بشپړ کړی مې دی
Transliteration: khpal mazal bashpar kray me day
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:7.
Kept The Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان ساتلی مې دی
Transliteration: iman satali me day
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Faith
2 Timothy 4:7. Joins the guarding vocabulary running through the book (guard the deposit 1:14, guard sound words 1:13); use ساتل (satal, to keep/guard) consistently across all such occurrences for internal book-wide consistency.
Deliver Rescue
Approved rendering: خلاصول
Transliteration: khlasawul
Doctrine: Providence and Deliverance
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: God
2 Timothy 4:18: God’s rescue ‘from every evil work’ and final preservation unto his kingdom. Adjacent to but distinct from the doctrine of salvation (نجات); keep the two distinguishable - this is God’s ongoing providential rescue in specific trials, not a restatement of the doctrine of salvation itself, though it flows from the same divine character. Distinguish from folk qadar fatalism.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: داود
Transliteration: Dawud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:8; retain the Quranic-figure caveat from the baseline entry.
Exhort
Approved rendering: هڅول
Transliteration: hakol
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:2 in the reprove-rebuke-exhort triad; select هڅول (encourage) or نصیحت کول (admonish) per local homiletic tradition, flagged for native speaker review, per the baseline’s own context-sensitivity note.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: شکر
Transliteration: shukr
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3: ‘I thank God.’ Anchor to Paul’s specific covenant-continuity claim (‘whom I serve from my forefathers’), not generic piety.
Profitable Scripture
Approved rendering: ګټور
Transliteration: gatawar
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16.
Complete Perfect
Approved rendering: بشپړ
Transliteration: bashpar
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἄρτιος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17.
Be Sober Watchful
Approved rendering: هوشیار اوسه
Transliteration: hoshiar osa
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: νῆφε
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:5.
Farmer
Approved rendering: بزګر
Transliteration: bazgar
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: γεωργός
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:6. A highly resonant image in this largely agrarian society.
Referenced passages