Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Jude (English–Greek–Pashto)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every verse of Jude (1:1-25). Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (reused) and MUST use the identical Pashto rendering recorded there — no alternative renderings are permitted for these. New terms specific to Jude are marked (new) and are proposed here for adoption into translation memory at Phase 2, pending theologian sign-off on Critical/High items.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline (translation_memory.json)
| English Term | Greek | Pashto (established) | Risk (baseline) | Jude Occurrences | Notes for Jude |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | ایمان | High | 1:3, 1:20 | v.3, v.20 use the objective “the faith” (body of doctrine) sense, not only subjective trust; disambiguate at first use. |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | فضل | High | 1:4 | Directly illustrates the melmastia-reciprocity risk the baseline already flags — false teachers turn grace into license. |
| saints | ἅγιοι (hagioi) | مقدسان | High | 1:3 | Corporate believer sense, consistent with baseline. |
| holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | مقدس | High | 1:20 (ἁγιωτάτῃ, superlative) | “Most holy faith” — superlative form; render as ډېر مقدس. |
| holy_spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | روح القدس | Critical | 1:19, 1:20 | v.19 (absence) / v.20 (presence) form the letter’s central pneumatological contrast. |
| lord | κύριος (kyrios) | خداوند | Critical | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Paired with new term δεσπότης/مالک in v.4 — do not let مالک substitute for خداوند anywhere else. |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | عیسی | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Standard usage throughout. |
| christ / messiah | Χριστός (Christos) | مسیح | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Standard usage throughout. |
| god | θεός (theos) | خدای | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:21, 1:25 | Standard usage throughout. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | رسول | High | 1:17 | Collision with Muhammad’s title, as flagged in baseline — apply same caution. |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | جلال | Medium (High in this context) | 1:8 (specialized plural, “glorious ones” = angels), 1:24, 1:25 | v.8’s plural sense refers to angelic beings and MUST be visibly modified/disambiguated (جلالمن مخلوقات), not left as bare جلال, to avoid confusion with vv.24-25’s God’s-own-glory sense. |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | سوله | Medium | 1:2 | Standard salutation usage. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία (hamartia) [root of ἁμαρτωλός] | ګناه | High | 1:15 (as ἁμαρτωλός, “sinner”) | Base for new derived term “sinner” (ګناهکار). |
| called | κλητός (klētos) | بلل شوی | High | 1:1 | Salvation-identity sense, per baseline’s context-sensitivity note. |
| moses | Μωϋσῆς (Mōysēs) | موسی | — (proper name, established transliteration standard) | 1:9 | Reuse established Bible-tradition form. |
| amen | ἀμήν (amēn) | آمین | — (established transliteration) | 1:25 | Reuse established transliteration standard. |
B. New Terms Introduced in Jude (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Pashto (proposed) | Doctrine Risk | Doctrine | Occurrences | Grounded Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | eleos | رحمت | Critical | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23 | رحمت (rahmat) is one of the two central names for Allah in Islamic theology (Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim; the Bismillah invocation). It is the strongest available Pashto word for mercy and therefore unavoidable, but every occurrence must be explicitly anchored to Christ (“د خداوند عیسی مسیح رحمت”) so it is never left as a detachable, generic invocation of divine mercy severed from its specifically Christological source. |
| master / sovereign owner | δεσπότης (despotēs) | despotēs | مالک | Critical | Lordship of Christ / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | δεσπότης is a different Greek word from κύριος, used alongside it in the same clause (Jude 1:4) to stack two distinct deity-claims. The baseline rejected مالک specifically as a rendering of κύριος (“too transactional, undershoots the claim”) — that rejection is preserved; مالک is licensed here ONLY for δεσπότης, kept visibly distinct from خداوند (κύριος) in the same verse. Substituting one word for both titles would destroy Jude’s cumulative deity argument. |
| worldly / soulish | ψυχικός (psychikos) | psychikos | نفساني | High | Effectual Calling / (new) Spirit-vs-Flesh Diagnosis | 1:19 | Must be deliberately paired/contrasted with the baseline’s established روحاني (rohani, “spiritual,” from “spiritual_gifts”) so the نفساني/روحاني contrast Jude draws (soul-driven vs. Spirit-indwelt) is visible in Pashto; without this pairing the term reads as a generic, low-stakes personality descriptor rather than a diagnostic absence of the Holy Spirit. |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια (asebēs / asebeia) | asebēs / asebeia | بې دینه / بې دینتوب | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:15 (x3), 1:18 | Risk of being misheard as simple “irreligious/secular” (lack of formal religious observance) rather than Jude’s actual sense: active, defiant impiety by people who outwardly participate in community worship (cf. v.12’s love feasts). Must be taught with this distinction explicit. |
| angel | ἄγγελος (angelos) | angelos | پرښته | High | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:6 | Shared vocabulary with mainstream Sunni angelology, where angels are typically presented as sinless and incapable of disobedience; Jude’s picture of angels who abandoned their position and now await judgment directly contradicts this popular assumption and must be taught explicitly, not assumed compatible. |
| devil / satan | διάβολος (diabolos) | diabolos | شیطان | High | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Angels) / spiritual conflict | 1:9 | Shaytan/Iblis is a shared adversarial figure across both traditions (a genuine bridge), but the specific narrative in Jude 1:9 (dispute with Michael over Moses’ body, from extra-biblical Jewish tradition) has no Quranic counterpart and must not be presented as though it does. |
| blaspheme | βλασφημέω (blasphēmeō) | blasphēmeō | توهين کول | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8, 1:10 | Rejected alternative: کفر ویل — کفر carries the specific, identity-loaded Islamic sense of “disbelief/apostasy from Islam” and would misdirect readers toward an apostasy framework rather than Jude’s point about contemptuous, ignorant speech against legitimate spiritual authority. |
| contend (for the faith) | ἐπαγωνίζομαι (epagōnizomai) | epagōnizomai | مبارزه کول | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | Rejected alternative: جهاد کول — carries the specific Islamic armed/holy-struggle connotation and must never be used for this verse, which is about doctrinal defense, not physical or political conflict. |
| bondservant / servant | δοῦλος (doulos) | doulos | بنده | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (self-identification of the author) | 1:1 | بنده is the standard Islamic-Persianate devotional term for a human’s relationship to Allah (banda-i-Khuda) — a genuine positive piety-vocabulary bridge — but the specific object “of Jesus Christ” must be retained at every occurrence so it is not read as generic submission-to-God-in-general, distinct from Christ-specific devotion. |
| love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | agapē | مینه | Medium | (undergirds Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering; also salutation) | 1:2, 1:12 (“love feasts”), 1:21 (“love of God”) | Native, warm Pashto word; low collision risk, but must be tracked across its three distinct collocations (God’s love, love feasts, general greeting) so readers see the connections. |
| keep / preserve | τηρέω / φυλάσσω (tēreō / phylassō) | tēreō / phylassō | ساتل | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24 | This single Pashto verb root must be used at EVERY occurrence of this Greek word-family across the whole letter (both τηρέω and, at the climax v.24, the synonym φυλάσσω) — the letter’s entire theological argument (angels failed to keep themselves → judgment reserved/kept in darkness → believers commanded to keep themselves → God able to keep believers) depends on this consistency being visible in Pashto. Inconsistent rendering silently destroys the book’s structural argument. |
| blameless | ἄμωμος (amōmos) | amōmos | بې عيبه | Medium-High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | Carries sacrificial-purity background (unblemished offering); worth surfacing pedagogically, similar to how atonement-adjacent baseline terms surface their cultic background. |
| doubt / waver | διακρίνομαι (diakrinomai) | diakrinomai | شکمن | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:22 | Must be clearly distinguished from ἀσεβεῖς (v.4) — these are sincere but wavering believers to be shown mercy and rescued, not condemned false teachers. |
| savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | sōtēr | نجات ورکوونکی | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Built from the established baseline root نجات (salvation) rather than any borrowed title with an independent non-Christian referent. |
| error / deception (false teaching) | πλάνη (planē) | planē | دوکه | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:11 | Kept distinct from ordinary “sin” (ګناه) to preserve Jude’s specific charge of doctrinal corruption, not only moral failure. |
| judgment (verdict) | κρίμα (krima) | krima | فيصله | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | Distinguish from κρίσις below; this is the fixed verdict/sentence. |
| judgment (process/day) | κρίσις (krisis) | krisis | محاکمه | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / OT Warnings as Types | 1:6, 1:15 | Distinguish from κρίμα above; this is the judicial process or “the great day” itself. |
| woe | οὐαί (ouai) | ouai | وای دې وي پر دوی | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:11 | Must be rendered/intoned as a formal OT-prophetic judgment-pronouncement, not casual sympathy or lament. |
| eternal fire | πῦρ αἰώνιον (pyr aiōnion) | pyr aiōnion | تلپاتې اور | Medium | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | Regional Islamic eschatology (دوزخ/جهنم) offers a vivid, genuine bridge concept, but must be tied specifically to God’s judgment on unbelief/rebellion in Christ’s name, not assumed identical in every detail to the Islamic doctrine of hell. |
| sexual immorality | ἐκπορνεύω (ekporneuō) | ekporneuō | جنسي بدکاري | High | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | Rejected alternative: زنا — a narrowly defined Islamic legal (شريعت hadd) category with a specific fixed legal penalty; using it would import an entire foreign legal-penal framework into a passage about divine eschatological judgment, not human legal sentencing. |
| lordship / dominion (abstract) | κυριότης (kyriotēs) | kyriotēs | واکمني | Medium-High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | Must be kept visibly distinct in Pashto from خداوند (the title “Lord,” κύριος) even though etymologically related in Greek, so readers can track whose authority is specifically being rejected. |
| sensuality / licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια (aselgeia) | aselgeia | شهوت پرستي | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | The پرستي (“-worship”) root produces a fitting irony (worship of one’s own appetite) but must not be misread as literal idol-worship terminology. |
| sinner | ἁμαρτωλός (hamartōlos) | hamartōlos | ګناهکار | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:15 | Derived directly from the established baseline root ګناه (“sin”). |
| Enoch | Ἑνώχ (Henōch) | Henōch | خنوخ | High | (Inspiration of Scripture, via non-canonical citation) | 1:14 | Rejected alternative: ادريس (Idris) — a later, disputed tafsir identification with a separate body of Islamic legend; use the direct transliteration خنوخ and teach the Genesis 5 background explicitly rather than importing the Idris narrative. |
| Michael (archangel) | Μιχαήλ (Michaēl) | Michaēl | ميکائيل | Medium | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:9 | Shared name with the Quranic angel Mikal/Mikail (2:98) — a positive bridge for the name itself — but the specific narrative (dispute over Moses’ body, from extra-biblical tradition) has no Quranic counterpart and must not be presented as though it does. |
| devil’s dispute / archangel | ἀρχάγγελος (archangelos) | archangelos | لوی پرښته | Medium | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:9 | Built from the new base term پرښته (angel); denotes rank/chief-messenger status. |
| Cain | Κάϊν (Kain) | Kain | قابيل | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (OT exemplar) | 1:11 | Shared transliteration with regional tafsir tradition (though unnamed in the Quran’s own text); the specific “way of Cain” typological argument is distinctly biblical and must be taught, not assumed shared. |
| Balaam | Βαλαάμ (Balaam) | Balaam | بلعام | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (OT exemplar) | 1:11 | Shared form with a similar figure in regional tafsir on Quran 7:175-177 (not explicitly named there). |
| Korah | Κόρε (Korē) | Korē | قورح | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (OT exemplar) | 1:11 | Direct transliteration preferred over asserting an uncertain identification with the Quranic Qarun (Quran 29:39); the possible association may be mentioned pedagogically but not presented as certain. |
| Sodom / Gomorrah | Σόδομα / Γόμορρα (Sodoma / Gomorra) | Sodoma / Gomorra | سدوم / عموره | Medium | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Sodom) | 1:7 | Well-known regionally via the Quranic account of the “people of Lut,” a genuine historicity bridge, though narrative details differ and must not be assumed identical. |
| Adam | Ἀδάμ (Adam) | Adam | آدم | Low | (Chronological marker for Enoch citation) | 1:14 | Shared, uncontroversial form across both traditions. |
| grumbler / malcontent | γογγυστής / μεμψίμοιρος | gongystēs / mempsimoiros | شکایت کوونکی / ناراضه | Low | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16 | Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling (v.5), showing the persistence of the same unbelief-pattern. |
| scoffer / mocker | ἐμπαίκτης (empaiktēs) | empaiktēs | ملنډې وهونکی | Low | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:18 | Predicted apostolic sign of “the last time”; low collision risk. |
| build up / edify | ἐποικοδομέω (epoikodomeō) | epoikodomeō | ودانول | Low | (Positive counter-theme to divisiveness of v.19) | 1:20 | Matches the vocabulary already established for the baseline doctrine “mutual_edification.” |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη (megalōsynē) | megalōsynē | عظمت | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Broadly shared, positively-regarded vocabulary for divine greatness. |
| authority | ἐξουσία (exousia) | exousia | واک | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Native word for rightful authority; low collision risk. |
| dominion / power | κράτος (kratos) | kratos | قدرت (reused from baseline “power_of_god” root) | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Reuses established baseline root for consistency across curricula. |
| present (before God) | ἵστημι / στῆσαι (histēmi) | histēmi | ودرول | Medium-High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | God himself presents the believer — passive, gift-like final standing, echoing the baseline’s honor-restoration bridging framework for justification. |
| exultation / great joy | ἀγαλλίασις (agalliasis) | agalliasis | ډېره خوشحالي | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:24 | Standard joy vocabulary; low risk. |
C. Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Count (Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in Jude) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | 2 (mercy; master/despotēs) | 6 (lord, jesus, christ, god, holy_spirit, + glory in its v.8 specialized sense) | Human theologian |
| High | 8 (worldly/soulish, ungodly, angel, devil, blaspheme, contend, bondservant, sexual immorality, Enoch) | 4 (faith, grace, saints/holy, apostle, called) | Human theologian |
| Medium | ~18 | 2 (peace, sin) | Native speaker review |
| Low | ~9 | 2 (moses, amen) | Automated review |
Note on totals: Several new terms (e.g., “keep/preserve,” ساتل) are flagged High not because the Pashto word itself is doctrinally dangerous, but because of the structural/consistency risk: the same rendering must recur identically across five separated verses (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24) for Jude’s central theological argument to be visible at all in translation. This is a distinct risk category from lexical-collision risk and should be tracked separately in Phase 2 QA (recommend a dedicated “consistency check” pass across all τηρέω/φυλάσσω occurrences before sign-off).
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling vs. Worldliness Diagnosis
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:19-20 makes this the decisive dividing line between false teachers (who lack the Spirit) and true believers (who pray in the Spirit); the personal, divine sense must be preserved so ‘not having the Spirit’ reads as absence of a divine Person, not low religious feeling, distinguishing it from the Quranic identification with the angel Jibril.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک (reserved exclusively for δεσπότης in Jude 1:4, never interchangeable with خداوند)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Jude 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25. In 1:4 it is stacked together with the distinct Greek term δεσπότης (مالک) to double the deity claim; خداوند must never be interchanged with مالک anywhere in the letter.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout Jude (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25); the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative attached to ‘Isa’ must be actively corrected wherever this name appears.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package (rendering ‘Christ/Messiah’). Used throughout Jude as a title inseparable from Jesus’ name; every occurrence must actively assert Christ’s unique redemptive sufficiency against the Quranic al-Masih’s honored-prophet-only content.
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed as Father in Jude 1:1 and as sole Savior through Christ in Jude 1:25; strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian referent at every occurrence.
Mercy
Approved rendering: رحمت
Transliteration: rahmat
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term for Jude. رحمت is one of the two central divine-attribute names in Islamic theology (Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim; the Bismillah invocation) and is the highest-collision term in this book. Must always be anchored explicitly to Christ (‘د خداوند عیسی مسیح رحمت’) at every occurrence (Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23) so it is never left as a detachable, generic invocation of divine mercy severed from its Christological source.
Despotes
Approved rendering: مالک
Transliteration: malik
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
New term for Jude. δεσπότης is a different Greek word from κύριος, stacked together with it in Jude 1:4 to double the deity claim against Christ’s deniers. The baseline Romans package rejected مالک as a rendering of κύριος (‘too transactional, undershoots the claim’); that rejection stands. مالک is licensed HERE ONLY for δεσπότης, kept visibly distinct from خداوند (κύριος) in the very same verse. Collapsing the two titles into one word flattens Jude’s cumulative deity argument.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith / Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20, πίστις carries the objective sense (‘the faith,’ the fixed body of apostolic doctrine), not only the subjective personal-trust sense used elsewhere in this pipeline; disambiguate with a footnote at first use so readers do not default only to the subjective sense established in the Romans baseline.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:4 is a direct textbook case of the baseline’s documented melmastia-reciprocity risk: false teachers pervert فضل into a license (ἀσέλγεια) rather than receiving it as a one-directional gift creating no repayment obligation. Must be taught as a corruption of grace, not an alternate legitimate reading of it.
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostolic Remembrance and Authority
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:17 grounds believers’ defense against error in remembering settled apostolic teaching, echoing 1:3’s ‘once for all delivered’; collides with Muhammad’s defining title (Rasul Allah) as flagged throughout this pipeline. Pair with fuller descriptive language (‘the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ’) so the term is not read as a competing prophetic-finality claim.
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Root of ἁμαρτωλός (‘sinner’) at Jude 1:15; reuse the root ګناه exactly for all derived forms in Jude (see ‘sinner’ entry below).
Called
Approved rendering: بلل شوی
Transliteration: balal shaway
Doctrine: Kept by God and Assurance of Perseverance
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:1 uses the salvation-identity sense, describing believers as those loved by the Father and kept for Christ, consistent with the baseline’s context-sensitivity note.
Psychikos
Approved rendering: نفساني
Transliteration: nafsani
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling vs. Worldliness Diagnosis
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
New term for Jude. Built on the widely understood nafs (lower self/ego) root; must be explicitly paired/contrasted with روحاني (‘spiritual,’ from baseline ‘spiritual_gifts’) at every occurrence (Jude 1:19) so the soul-driven-versus-Spirit-indwelt opposition Jude draws is visible. Without this pairing the term reads as a low-stakes personality descriptor, or invites a Sufi ascetic-effort misreading (nafs al-ammara), rather than a diagnostic absence of the Holy Spirit.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: بې دینه / بې دینتوب
Transliteration: be-dina / be-dinatob
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
New term for Jude. Risk of being misheard as simple ‘irreligious/secular’ (mere lack of formal religious observance) rather than Jude’s actual sense: active, defiant impiety by people who outwardly participate in community worship (cf. the love feasts of 1:12). Occurs at 1:4, 1:15 (x3), 1:18. This distinction must be taught explicitly at every occurrence.
Angel
Approved rendering: پرښته
Transliteration: preshta
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Angelic Rebellion
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
New term for Jude. پرښته is also the standard Sunni term for angels (فرښتې, e.g. Jibril, Mikail), a class typically presented in mainstream theology as sinless and incapable of disobedience. Jude 1:6’s picture of angels who abandoned their position and now await judgment directly contradicts this popular assumption and must be taught explicitly, never assumed compatible.
Devil
Approved rendering: شیطان
Transliteration: Shaytan
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Legitimate Spiritual Authority
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
New term for Jude. Shaytan/Iblis is a genuinely shared adversarial figure across both traditions, but the specific narrative in Jude 1:9 (dispute with Michael over Moses’ body, drawn from extra-biblical Jewish tradition) has no Quranic counterpart and must not be presented as shared or conflated with the Iblis-and-Adam narrative.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: توهين کول
Transliteration: tawhin kawul
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: کفر ویل
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. کفر ویل is rejected: کفر carries the specific, identity-loaded Islamic sense of ‘disbelief/apostasy from Islam’ and would misdirect readers toward an apostasy framework rather than Jude’s point (1:8, 1:10) about contemptuous, ignorant speech against legitimate spiritual authority.
Contend
Approved rendering: مبارزه کول
Transliteration: mubaraza kawul
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: جهاد کول
Original: ἐπαγωνίζομαι
Category: Faith
New term for Jude. جهاد کول is rejected: it carries the specific Islamic armed/holy-struggle connotation and must never be used for Jude 1:3, which concerns doctrinal defense, not physical or political conflict. مبارزه is the safer general ‘contend/struggle’ word used in secular and sports contexts.
Bondservant
Approved rendering: بنده
Transliteration: banda
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
New term for Jude. بنده is the standard Islamic-Persianate devotional term for a human’s relationship to Allah (banda-i-Khuda), a genuine positive piety-vocabulary bridge, but the specific object ‘of Jesus Christ’ must be retained at every occurrence (Jude 1:1, author’s self-identification) so it is not read as generic submission-to-God-in-general.
Keep Preserve
Approved rendering: ساتل
Transliteration: satal
Doctrine: Kept by God and Assurance of Perseverance
Original: τηρέω / φυλάσσω
Category: Sanctification
New term for Jude. STRUCTURAL CONSISTENCY REQUIREMENT: this single Pashto verb root must render EVERY occurrence of this Greek word-family (τηρέω at 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21; the synonym φυλάσσω at the climactic 1:24) without stylistic variation. The letter’s entire theological argument (angels failed to keep themselves → judgment kept in darkness → believers commanded to keep themselves → God alone able to keep believers) depends on this consistency being visible in Pashto; Pashto’s normal stylistic preference for verb variation works directly against this requirement and must be overridden. Flagged High not for lexical danger but for this cross-document consistency risk.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: جنسي بدکاري
Transliteration: jinsi badkari
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom’s Judgment
Rejected alternatives: زنا
Original: ἐκπορνεύω
Category: Sin
New term for Jude. زنا is rejected: it is a narrowly defined Islamic legal (شريعت hadd) category carrying a fixed legal penalty (lashing/stoning depending on interpretation); using it would import an entire foreign legal-penal framework into Jude 1:7, a passage about divine eschatological judgment, not human legal sentencing.
Lordship Dominion
Approved rendering: واکمني
Transliteration: wakmani
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Legitimate Spiritual Authority
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
New term for Jude. κυριότης (Jude 1:8), an abstract lordship/dominion category rejected by the false teachers. Must be kept visibly distinct in Pashto from خداوند (the title ‘Lord,’ κύριος) even though etymologically related in Greek, so readers can track precisely whose authority is being rejected; conflating the two would blur the specific deity claim protected elsewhere in the same verse’s argument.
Enoch
Approved rendering: خنوخ
Transliteration: Khanukh
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Jude’s Non-Canonical Citations
Rejected alternatives: ادريس (Idris)
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Covenant
New term for Jude. ادريس is rejected: Islamic tradition often identifies Idris (Quran 19:56-57) with Enoch, but the identification is a later, disputed tafsir tradition; importing the name Idris would smuggle in a separate, unrelated body of Islamic legend. Use خنوخ (Jude 1:14) and teach the Genesis 5 background directly. Also intersects with the doctrine of Inspiration of Scripture given the non-canonical (1 Enoch) source of the citation.
Present Before God
Approved rendering: ودرول
Transliteration: wadrawal
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἵστημι (στῆσαι)
Category: Salvation
New term for Jude. ἵστημι/στῆσαι (Jude 1:24): God himself presents believers blameless before his glory. Echoes the baseline’s honor-restoration bridging framework established for justification/righteousness (God himself acting to establish the believer’s standing); mishandling risks implying a self-achieved final status rather than God’s gracious presentation, which would weaken the parallel Critical-tier justification doctrine.
Jude Author Name
Approved rendering: یهودا
Transliteration: Yahuda
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
New term for Jude. Ἰούδας (Jude 1:1) is the identical Greek name behind ‘Jude,’ ‘Judah’ (patriarch/tribe), and ‘Judas’ (Iscariot, the betrayer). A bare یهودا risks readers assuming the author is Judas Iscariot or a reference to the patriarch/tribe. MANDATORY: every lesson introducing this letter must use the disambiguating apposition ‘یهودا، د یعقوب ورور’ (‘Jude, brother of James’) and state explicitly that the author is Jude the brother of James (traditionally a half-brother of Jesus), not Judas Iscariot.
Once For All Delivered
Approved rendering: یو ځل لپاره ورکړل شوی / سپارل شوی
Transliteration: yau zal lapara warkraly shaway / sparal shaway
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: روایت (hadith-transmission-chain resonance), امانت (Quranic trusteeship-doctrine resonance)
New periphrastic term for Jude. ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (Jude 1:3): a completed, unrepeatable, authoritative act of transmission. No single Pashto word conveys both ‘handed down as a fixed, complete deposit’ and ‘unrepeatable, non-supersedable’; render periphrastically using سپارل (entrust/hand over), NEVER روایت (hadith isnad/riwayat resonance) or امانت (Quranic 33:72 trusteeship resonance). This claim stands in direct tension with the regional naskh (abrogation) expectation that later revelation supersedes earlier revelation and is the single highest-priority translation decision in the whole book; must be paired with explicit teaching against abrogation-style thinking.
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: جلالمن مخلوقات
Transliteration: jalalman makhluqat
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Legitimate Spiritual Authority
Rejected alternatives: bare جلال
New term for Jude. δόξας (Jude 1:8), a specialized plural sense referring to angelic/majestic beings, NOT God’s own glory. Must never be rendered as bare جلال (reserved for God’s own glory at 1:24-25 and elsewhere in the baseline), or readers will wrongly conflate this verse’s angelic referent with the closing doxology’s ascription of glory to God himself.
Medium Risk Terms
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسان
Transliteration: moqaddasan
Doctrine: Sainthood and the Calling to Holiness
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:3 uses the corporate sense for all believers entrusted with defending the faith, consistent with baseline usage; not an ascetic or elite class.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sainthood and the Calling to Holiness
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:20 uses the superlative form (‘most holy faith’); render as ډېر مقدس using the established root rather than inventing a new intensifier.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Primary sense (God’s own glory) at Jude 1:24-25. Jude-specific caution: at Jude 1:8, δόξας appears in a specialized PLURAL sense referring to angelic/dignitary beings, not God’s own glory; render that occurrence as جلالمن مخلوقات (see ‘glorious_ones’ entry below), never bare جلال, to avoid confusing the two senses within the same short letter.
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Salutation Greeting
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked in the salutation (Jude 1:2); the sola/peace-negotiation resonance the baseline documents applies equally here.
Love
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
New term for Jude. Native, warm Pashto word with low independent collision risk, but must be tracked consistently across three distinct collocations in Jude: God’s love for believers (1:1, 1:21), the church’s communal love-feasts (1:12, see ‘love_feast’ entry), and the closing greeting (1:2), so readers see the connections across the letter.
Blameless
Approved rendering: بې عيبه
Transliteration: be-aiba
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Sanctification
New term for Jude. The state in which God presents believers before his glory (Jude 1:24); carries a sacrificial-purity background (an unblemished offering) worth surfacing pedagogically, similar to how the baseline surfaces sacrificial background for other atonement-adjacent terms.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجات ورکوونکی
Transliteration: nejat warkawunky
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
New term for Jude. Built from the established baseline root نجات (salvation) rather than any borrowed title with an independent non-Christian referent; avoid any term with resonance toward the Islamic eschatological Mahdi figure. Used at Jude 1:25.
Error Deception
Approved rendering: دوکه
Transliteration: doka
Doctrine: False Teachers Typified by Cain, Balaam, and Korah
Original: πλάνη
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. Balaam’s error (πλάνη, Jude 1:11) of teaching/prophesying for personal profit; kept distinct from ordinary ‘sin’ (ګناه) to preserve Jude’s specific charge of doctrinal corruption, not merely moral failure.
Judgment Verdict
Approved rendering: فيصله
Transliteration: faisala
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. κρίμα (Jude 1:4), a verdict/sentence already fixed against the false teachers. Distinguish from κρίσις (see ‘judgment_process’); pair with a brief note that this is prophetic foreknowledge of a pattern, not fatalistic predetermination of individuals to sin, avoiding collision with folk qadar fatalism.
Judgment Process
Approved rendering: محاکمه
Transliteration: mahakama
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Angelic Rebellion
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. κρίσις: the judicial process/occasion of final judgment (‘the great day,’ Jude 1:6; the day of Enoch’s prophesied judgment, Jude 1:15). Keep distinct from κρίμα/فيصله so readers can track Jude’s distinction between present imprisonment and the future day of judgment; clarify at first use that this is God’s own eschatological judgment, not ordinary civil/shari’a-court proceedings.
Woe
Approved rendering: وای دې وي پر دوی
Transliteration: way de wi per duy
Doctrine: False Teachers Typified by Cain, Balaam, and Korah
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. οὐαί (Jude 1:11): a prophetic exclamation of certain coming judgment. Must be worded/intoned as a formal OT-prophetic judgment-pronouncement, not casual sympathy or lament; a translator’s note on the genre is recommended.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: تلپاتې اور
Transliteration: talpate oor
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom’s Judgment
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. πῦρ αἰώνιον (Jude 1:7). Regional Islamic eschatology (دوزخ/جهنم) offers a vivid, genuine bridge concept, but must be tied specifically to God’s judgment on unbelief/rebellion against Christ, not assumed doctrinally identical to Islamic hell teaching in every particular.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: شهوت پرستي
Transliteration: shahwat-parasti
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
New term for Jude. ἀσέλγεια (Jude 1:4), unrestrained sensual indulgence, the fruit of grace distorted into license. The پرستي (‘-worship’) root produces a fitting irony (worship of one’s own appetite) but must not be misread as literal idol-worship terminology.
Sinner
Approved rendering: ګناهکار
Transliteration: gunahgar
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
New term for Jude. ἁμαρτωλός (Jude 1:15), combined with ἀσεβεῖς for maximal condemnation in Enoch’s prophecy. Derived directly from the established baseline root ګناه (‘sin’).
Michael
Approved rendering: ميکائيل
Transliteration: Mikail
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Legitimate Spiritual Authority
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Angelology
New term for Jude. The archangel who disputes with the devil over Moses’ body, modeling restraint (Jude 1:9). Shares the name of the Quranic angel Mikal/Mikail (2:98) — a positive bridge for the name itself — but the specific narrative (from extra-biblical Jewish tradition) has no Quranic counterpart and must not be presented as shared.
Archangel
Approved rendering: لوی پرښته
Transliteration: loy preshta
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Legitimate Spiritual Authority
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
New term for Jude. ἀρχάγγελος, title given to Michael (Jude 1:9); built from the base term پرښته (angel) with a rank-descriptor. Low independent risk beyond the ‘angel’ entry’s own notes.
Cain
Approved rendering: قابيل
Transliteration: Qabil
Doctrine: False Teachers Typified by Cain, Balaam, and Korah
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Covenant
New term for Jude. Κάϊν (Jude 1:11); shared transliteration with regional tafsir tradition (though unnamed in the Quran’s own text). ‘The way of Cain’ is a distinctly biblical typological argument (self-willed, God-defying religion) that must be taught, not assumed already shared.
Balaam
Approved rendering: بلعام
Transliteration: Bal’am
Doctrine: False Teachers Typified by Cain, Balaam, and Korah
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Covenant
New term for Jude. Βαλαάμ (Jude 1:11); shared form with a similar figure in regional tafsir on Quran 7:175-177 (not explicitly named there). Do not assert a certain identification.
Korah
Approved rendering: قورح
Transliteration: Qorah
Doctrine: False Teachers Typified by Cain, Balaam, and Korah
Original: Κόρε
Category: Covenant
New term for Jude. Κόρε (Jude 1:11); direct transliteration preferred over asserting an uncertain identification with the Quranic Qarun (Quran 29:39). The possible association may be mentioned pedagogically but must not be presented as certain.
Sodom Gomorrah
Approved rendering: سدوم / عموره
Transliteration: Sadum / Amora
Doctrine: Old Testament Warning as Type: Sodom’s Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ‘the people of Lut’ as a text substitution for the proper names
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
New term for Jude. Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα (Jude 1:7). Well-known regionally via the Quranic account of the ‘people of Lut,’ a genuine historicity bridge that may be mentioned pedagogically, but the proper names سدوم/عموره must be retained in the translated text itself; narrative details differ from the Quranic account and must not be assumed identical.
James Brother Name
Approved rendering: یعقوب
Transliteration: Ya’qub
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
New term for Jude. Ἰάκωβος (Jude 1:1) is the same underlying name as ‘Jacob,’ the patriarch and Quranic prophet Ya’qub. Established regional Bible-translation convention (as in Persian and Urdu traditions) uses the same form for both and relies on context to disambiguate; retain the fixed phrase ‘د یعقوب ورور’ (‘brother of James’) and note explicitly in teaching material that this is the epistle-writer’s brother James, not the patriarch.
Doubt Waver
Approved rendering: شکمن
Transliteration: shakman
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
New term for Jude. διακρίνομαι in its ‘waver/doubt’ sense (Jude 1:22, distinct from its ‘dispute’ sense at 1:9). Must be clearly distinguished from بې دینه (the hardened false teachers, 1:4) — these are sincere but wavering believers to be shown رحمت and rescued with urgency, not condemned.
Cause Divisions
Approved rendering: بېلتون راوستل
Transliteration: belton rawustal
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling vs. Worldliness Diagnosis
New periphrastic term for Jude. ἀποδιορίζω (Jude 1:19); the false teachers fracture the community’s unity. Must be explicitly glossed at first use as doctrinal, not tribal or ethnic (qawm/khel), division, to avoid a political-factionalism misreading.
Love Feast
Approved rendering: د مینې ګډه ډوډۍ
Transliteration: da mina gada dodai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
New periphrastic term for Jude. ἀγάπαι (Jude 1:12), the early church’s shared communal meal; مینه alone (abstract love) does not convey the concrete shared-meal practice. Positive resonance: many contemporary secret Pashto house-churches gather precisely around shared meals, making this an asset for teaching, not merely a translation gap. Confirms that the false teachers were present INSIDE shared worship gatherings, reinforcing that بې دینه denotes insider impiety, not outsider secularism.
Hidden Reefs
Approved rendering: پټ خنډونه
Transliteration: pat khandona
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: literal nautical ‘reef’ loanword
New periphrastic term for Jude. σπιλάδες (Jude 1:12), a Hellenistic maritime metaphor (submerged rocks that wreck ships) with zero experiential resonance in landlocked Pashto-speaking regions. Render the functional sense (‘hidden obstacles/hazards’) rather than importing a nautical loanword that would communicate nothing; an optional footnote on the original maritime image is recommended for literate audiences.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: ګرځنده ستوري
Transliteration: garzanda stori
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
New term for Jude. ἀστέρες πλανῆται (Jude 1:13); refers to an ancient cosmological category (planets’ irregular movement symbolizing instability) not transparent from a literal rendering alone. Retain the image but supply a brief periphrastic teaching gloss (‘stars that do not stay on a fixed path, unlike the stars people trust for direction’). Where possible, preserve the wordplay link to the دوکه (πλάνη, ‘error’) root at 1:11 for readers tracking the letter’s argument.
Low Risk Terms
Adam
Approved rendering: آدم
Transliteration: Adam
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Jude’s Non-Canonical Citations
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Covenant
New term for Jude. Ἀδάμ (Jude 1:14), used to establish Enoch’s early chronological position (‘the seventh from Adam’). Shared, uncontroversial form across both traditions.
Grumbler
Approved rendering: شکایت کوونکی / ناراضه
Transliteration: shikayat kawunky / narazha
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυστής / μεμψίμοιρος
Category: Sin
New term for Jude. γογγυστής / μεμψίμοιρος (Jude 1:16); echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling (Jude 1:5), showing the persistence of the same unbelief-pattern across the whole letter.
Scoffer
Approved rendering: ملنډې وهونکی
Transliteration: malande wahunky
Doctrine: Eschatological Scoffing in the Last Days
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Judgment
New term for Jude. ἐμπαίκτης (Jude 1:18), a mocker predicted by the apostles to arise in ‘the last time.’ Read within the NT’s own ‘last days’ framework, not conflated with Islamic end-times signs (Mahdi/Dajjal), which the Romans baseline already flags under ‘messiah.‘
Build Up
Approved rendering: ودانول
Transliteration: odanawal
Doctrine: Sainthood and the Calling to Holiness
Original: ἐποικοδομέω
Category: Church
New term for Jude. ἐποικοδομέω (Jude 1:20), the positive counter-action to the false teachers’ divisiveness (1:19). Matches vocabulary already established for the baseline doctrine of mutual edification.
Majesty
Approved rendering: عظمت
Transliteration: azamat
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
New term for Jude. μεγαλωσύνη (Jude 1:25); broadly shared, positively regarded vocabulary for divine greatness across regional traditions.
Authority
Approved rendering: واک
Transliteration: wak
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
New term for Jude. ἐξουσία (Jude 1:25); native word for rightful authority, ascribed to God in the doxology. Low collision risk.
Dominion Power
Approved rendering: قدرت
Transliteration: qodrat
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: κράτος
Category: God
New term for Jude. κράτος (Jude 1:25); reuses the established baseline root قدرت (from Romans’ ‘power_of_god,’ د خدای قدرت) for cross-curriculum consistency.
Exultation
Approved rendering: ډېره خوشحالي
Transliteration: der khushhali
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀγαλλίασις
Category: God
New term for Jude. ἀγαλλίασις (Jude 1:24); exuberant joy describing believers’ emotional state when presented before God. Standard joy vocabulary; low collision risk.
Moses
Approved rendering: موسی
Transliteration: Musa
Doctrine: Angelic Restraint and Legitimate Spiritual Authority
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
New entry for this package (not a separate key in the Romans baseline TM, though the name is familiar). Μωϋσῆς (Jude 1:9), the lawgiver whose disputed body is the subject of Michael’s dispute with the devil (drawn from Jewish extra-biblical tradition). Use the established Pashto Bible-translation proper-name form per the AI requirements transliteration standard.
Amen
Approved rendering: آمین
Transliteration: Amen
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
New entry for this package (not a separate key in the Romans baseline TM, though the transliteration is already established practice). ἀμήν (Jude 1:25), the liturgical affirmation closing the doxology. Use the established transliteration standard per the AI requirements document.
Referenced passages