Core Glossary
Titus — Core Glossary (Koine Greek → Pashto)
This glossary covers every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all three chapters of Titus. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Reused and carry forward their exact recorded Pashto rendering and risk tier unchanged. Terms newly introduced by Titus are marked New and are proposed here for addition to translation memory under the same enforcement rules established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
All Critical and High risk terms require human theologian review at every occurrence per the baseline’s review-routing convention; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English Term | Greek | Pashto (established) | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Titus Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | فضل | fazal | High | Grace | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7, 15 | Melmastia reciprocity caution applies unchanged; central to Titus 2:11 and 3:7. |
| Faith | πίστις | ایمان | iman | High | Faith | 1:1, 4, 13; 2:2, 10; 3:15 | Context-sensitive: personal trust (1:1) vs. body of doctrine (“sound in the faith,” 1:13; 2:2) vs. trustworthiness (2:10). |
| Salvation / Saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | نجات | nejat | Critical | Salvation | 2:11 (σωτήριος); 3:5 (ἔσωσεν) | Root for the new σωτήρ/“Savior” title entry below (Section B). |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | رسول | rasul | High | Apostleship | 1:1 | Collision with Muhammad’s title unchanged. |
| Holy (adj., of the Spirit/set-apart) | ἅγιος | مقدس | moqaddas | Medium-High | Sanctification | 3:5 (πνεύματος ἁγίου) | Keep visually distinct from the new ὅσιος entry (Section B). |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | Sanctification / Regeneration | 3:5 | Created-being-vs-divine-Person distinction must be made explicit, as in Romans. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | صداقت | sadaqat | Critical | Salvation | 1:8; 2:12; 3:5 | Framework-bridging honor-restoration note applies unchanged. |
| Justification / Justified | δικαιόω | صادق ګڼل کیدل | sadiq ganal kedal | Critical | Salvation | 3:7 | Must retain “declared righteous,” never “made righteous” or “earned.” |
| Glory | δόξα | جلال | jalal | Medium | Deity of Christ | 2:13 | Anchored to Christ’s specific return-glory, not generalized Sufi splendor. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | سوله | sola | Medium | Peace with God | 1:4 | Greeting formula; sola-jirga resonance remains an asset. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | عیسی | Isa | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:1, 4; 2:13; 3:6 | Unchanged; content-correction requirement (not merely a prophet) applies at every occurrence. |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός | مسیح | Masih | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | Every occurrence must actively assert unique redemptive sufficiency, per baseline note. |
| God | θεός | خدای | Khudai | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | Tawhid-vs-Trinity distinction requirement unchanged. |
| Father | πατήρ | پلار | plar | Critical | Adoption | 1:4 | Patriarchal-authority-vs-warmth caution unchanged. |
| Exhort / Encourage | παρακαλέω | هڅول / نصیحت کول | hakol / nasihat kawul | Low | Mutual Edification | 1:9; 2:6, 15 | Context-sensitive per baseline rule (encouragement vs. beseeching). |
| Law (Mosaic) | νόμος / νομικός | ناموس | namus | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 3:9, 13 | Forbidden substitution شریعت applies unchanged; distinguish from both shari’a and Pashtunwali. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτάνω | ګناه | gunah | High | Universal Human Accountability | 3:11 | Honor-shame-to-guilt bridging note applies unchanged. |
| Elect / Election | ἐκλεκτός (cf. ἐκλογή) | غوره شوی / غوره کول | ghwara shway / ghwara kawul | High | Effectual Calling | 1:1 | ἐκλεκτός is a new inflected form of the baseline election root; tribal-lineage caution applies unchanged. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Titus
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Pashto (proposed) | Pashto Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Titus Occurrences | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | نجات ورکوونکی | nejat-warkawunkey | Critical | Salvation / Deity of Christ | 1:3, 4; 2:10, 13; 3:4, 6 | Must be applied identically to God the Father and Jesus Christ throughout, preserving the shared-title deity argument (esp. 2:13; 3:4/3:6 pairing). Built on established نجات root. |
| Appearing / Epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια (noun); ἐπιφαίνω (verb) | epiphaneia / epiphainō | راڅرګندېدل | ra-tsergandedal | Critical | Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ | 2:11, 13; 3:4 | Rejected: ظهور (zuhur) — collides with Sunni Mahdi-appearing eschatology (cf. baseline messiah entry). Verb (2:11, first appearing) and noun (2:13, second appearing) both use this word family; keep the two distinct events clear in context. |
| Regeneration / New Birth | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | بیا زیږون | bya zeghzun | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Must not read as reincarnation/cyclical rebirth; keep lexically distinct from باسیلن راژوندي کیدل (resurrection, Romans baseline). Central to Regeneration doctrine. |
| Washing | λουτρόν | loutron | وینځل | winzel | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Rejected: غسل (ghusl) — Islamic ritual full-body ablution term; risks a ritual-purification misreading. |
| Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | نوي کیدنه | nawi kedana | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Rejected as primary: تجدید (tajdid) — loaded with Islamic mujaddid reform-movement connotations. |
| Good Works | καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα | kala/agatha erga | نیک کارونه | nek karuna | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works / Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:16; 2:7, 14; 3:1, 8, 14 | Sharpest works-righteousness collision in the curriculum (cf. a’mal-e-saleh / mizan scales doctrine); must always be sequenced as fruit, never means, of salvation. Flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς | eusebeia / eusebōs | خدای پالنه | Khudai-palana | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:1; 2:12 | Rejected as primary: تقوی (taqwa) — Quranic merit-accumulating piety term; εὐσέβεια is grace’s fruit, not salvation’s means. |
| Train / Discipline (of grace) | παιδεύω | paideuō | روزنه کول | rozana kawul | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Rejected as primary: تربیه کول (tarbiya kawul) — risks importing the Islamic obligation-based tarbiya framework; native روزل keeps grace as the acting agent. |
| Elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | د کلیسا مشر | da kalisa mashar | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | مشر alone collides with Pashtunwali’s tribal jirga elders (spingiri); the کلیسا qualifier is mandatory to keep the office spiritual-pastoral, not tribal-political. |
| Overseer / Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | ناظر | nazir | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Thin Pashto Christian precedent per baseline caveat; pair with مشر/کلیسا مشر at first use to show it is the same office as πρεσβύτερος in this passage. |
| Blameless / Above Reproach | ἀνέγκλητος | anenklētos | بې عیبه | be-ayba | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6, 7 | Standard character-qualification vocabulary. |
| Husband of One Wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα | mias gynaikos andra | د یوې مېرمنې مېړه | da ye mermane merah | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6 | Direct, deliberate collision with regionally normal, Islamically permitted polygamy, especially among socially prominent men who might otherwise be considered for leadership; requires theologian-guided pastoral framing. |
| Sound Doctrine / Sound Teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | روغه تعلیم | rogha ta’lim | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8 | Rejected as primary: صحیح تعلیم (sahih ta’lim) — collides with hadith-science “sahih” authentication methodology; native “rogha” (healthy) preserves Paul’s own body-health metaphor. |
| Teaching / Doctrine (general) | διδασκαλία / διδαχή | didaskalia / didachē | تعلیم | ta’lim | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9; 2:1, 7, 10 | Broadly compatible vocabulary; context should specify apostolic Christian teaching is meant. |
| Submit / Be Subject To | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | تابع کیدل | tabey kedal | High | Submission to Authority | 2:5, 9; 3:1 | Distinct applications (household, servant, civic) all use this verb; each requires its own pastoral qualification per context (see semantic analysis). |
| Rulers / Authorities | ἀρχή / ἐξουσία | archē / exousia | واکمنان / واک لرونکي | wakmanan / wak-larunki | High | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Acute pastoral sensitivity under Taliban and similarly restrictive rule; must be held alongside the limits on civic obedience taught elsewhere in Scripture (e.g., Acts 5:29). |
| Obey (civic authority) | πειθαρχέω | peitharcheō | اطاعت کول | itaat kawul | High | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Distinguish from the baseline’s obedience-of-faith sense (salvific); this is civic obedience specifically. |
| Insubordinate | ἀνυπότακτος | anypotaktos | نافرمانه | nafarmana | Medium-High | Submission to Authority | 1:6, 10 | Negative counterpart of ὑποτάσσω; recurs of both children (1:6) and false teachers (1:10). |
| Controversy / Dispute | ζήτησις | zētēsis | بې ګټې شخړې | be-gattey shkhre | Medium-High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Must retain the “foolish/unprofitable” qualifier so as not to be misapplied against legitimate doctrinal teaching. |
| Factious / Divisive Person (“heretic”) | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | د تفرقې کوونکی سړی | da tafraqe kawunkey saray | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | Rejected: بدعتي (bid’ati) and similar sectarian-polemic loanwords — collide with live intra-Islamic sectarian battle-lines (Sunni-Shia, Deobandi-Barelvi); descriptive phrase preserves the behavioral sense Paul intends. |
| Genealogy | γενεαλογία | genealogia | نسب لړۍ | nasab larhai | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Intersects with Pashtun qawm/khel lineage preoccupation; teaching opportunity to reinforce identity-in-Christ over genealogical status. |
| Quarrels about the Law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | د ناموس په اړه شخړې | da namus pa ara shkhre | Medium-High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Built on the baseline ناموس root; must not be conflated with shari’a or Pashtunwali legal disputes. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | رحم | raham | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Compatible with Quranic Ar-Rahman/Ar-Rahim vocabulary; must be anchored to the specific, historical mercy shown at the cross/regeneration. |
| Heir / Inheritance | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | وارثان | warithan | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 | Cross-reference the baseline’s Critical adoption doctrine entry (Romans 8); identical patrilineal-inheritance collision applies. |
| Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | تلپاتې ژوند | talpate zhwand | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:2; 3:7 | Distinguish from deeds-weighed Jannah-entry eschatology; this life is part of the grace-given inheritance. |
| Hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | هیله | hila | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:2; 2:13; 3:7 | Reinforce as confident, promise-grounded expectation, not fatalistic wishing. |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | مینه | mina | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:2, 4 | Broad everyday word; context must specify the self-giving, God-defined sense intended. |
| Steadfastness / Endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | زغم | zgham | Low-Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:2 | Resonant, positive virtue in a conflict-affected community. |
| Kindness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | مهرباني | mehrabani | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | Must be anchored as God’s active, saving kindness, not a generic trait. |
| Love for Mankind | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | بشر دوستي | bashar-dosti | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | Keep God as acting subject; avoid drift into purely humanistic ethics. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ضمیر | zamir | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:15 | Broadly compatible; must be read as answerable to God, not reduced to social shame-sensitivity alone. |
| Chaste / Pure | ἁγνός | hagnos | پاکلمنه | pak-lamana | Medium-High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:5 | Existing honor-code purity policing of women must not be conflated with or reinforced by this gospel virtue. |
| Master (household) | δεσπότης | despotēs | خاوند / مالک | khawand / malik | Medium-High | Submission to Authority | 2:9 | Deliberately distinct Pashto word from خداوند (Lord, reserved for Christ’s exclusive Lordship) to prevent confusion. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | رښتیا | rishtiya | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:1, 14 | Rejected as primary: حقیقت (haqiqat) — collides with the Sufi four-stations mystical-truth tradition. |
| Holy / Devout (distinct sense) | ὅσιος | hosios | دیندار | dindar | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:8 | Keep lexically distinct from مقدس (ἅγιος) to preserve the two Greek words’ separate nuance. |
| Truthful (of God) | ἀψευδής | apseudēs | رښتینی خدای | rishtinay Khudai | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:2 | Positive point of contact with shared Islamic affirmation that Allah cannot lie. |
| Zealous | ζηλωτής | zēlōtēs | لیوال | liwal | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Must not evoke political-revolutionary “Zealot” connotations given regional history of religio-political militancy. |
| Servant / Bondservant (of God) | δοῦλος (θεοῦ) | doulos (theou) | خدمتګار | khedmatgar | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:1 | غلام flagged as a cautious alternative (honorific naming-convention bridge) but not the default. |
Section C — Low-Risk / Automated-Review Terms (Representative)
The following load-bearing but lower-risk terms occur across the book and require translation-memory consistency but not theologian escalation. Full definitions are in 07_semantic_analysis.md; listed here for glossary completeness.
| English Term | Greek | Pashto (proposed) | Risk | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proclamation / Preaching | κήρυγμα | اعلان | Medium | 1:3 |
| Command / Authority (of teaching) | ἐπιταγή | حکم / امر | Low-Medium | 1:3; 2:15 |
| Rebuke | ἐλέγχω | ملامتوونه کول | Medium | 1:9, 13; 2:15 |
| Model / Example | τύπος | نمونه | Low | 2:7 |
| Adorn | κοσμέω | ښایسته کول | Low-Medium | 2:10 |
| Sober / Temperate | νηφάλιος | خوندي/سنجیده | Low | 2:2 |
| Dignified | σεμνός / σεμνότης | درنه/متانت | Low | 1:2 (implied), 2:2, 7 |
| Self-Controlled | σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονέω | پرهیزګاره | High (see semantic analysis) | 1:8; 2:2, 4, 5, 6, 12 |
| Disciplined | ἐγκρατής | ځان تر واک لاندې ساتونکی | Medium | 1:8 |
| Peaceable | ἄμαχος | سوله ییز | Low | 3:2 |
| Gentle | ἐπιεικής / πραΰτης | نرم / نرمي | Low | 3:2 |
| Foolish | ἀνόητος | ناپوه | Low-Medium | 3:3 |
| Disobedient | ἀπειθής | نافرمانه | Medium | 3:3 |
| Pleasure | ἡδονή | خوند | Low-Medium | 3:3 |
| Pour Out (Spirit) | ἐκχέω | تویول | Low-Medium | 3:6 |
| Unfruitful | ἄκαρπος | بې میوې | Low | 3:14 |
| Beneficial / Profitable | ὠφέλιμος | ګټور | Low | 3:8 |
| Faithful Is the Saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | دا خبره باوري ده | Medium (formula) | 3:8 |
| Circumcision (party/ritual) | περιτομή | ختنه | Low-Medium | 1:10 |
| Myths (Jewish) | μῦθος | افسانې | Low-Medium | 1:14 |
| Pure / Defiled | καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος | پاک / ککړ شوی | Medium-High | 1:15 |
| Disqualified / Unfit | ἀδόκιμος | ناکاره | Low-Medium | 1:16 |
| Warped / Self-Condemned | ἐκστρέφομαι / αὐτοκατάκριτος | بې لارې شوی / ځان ملامته کوونکی | Medium | 3:11 |
| Admonition / Warning | νουθεσία | پند / خبرداری | Low-Medium | 3:10 |
| Reject / Avoid | παραιτέομαι | ترې ډډه کول | Low-Medium | 3:10 |
Section D — Proper Names (New Establishment for Titus)
| Name | Greek | Pashto (established form) | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Titus | Τίτος | تیطس | Titus/Tetus | Low | Addressee of the letter; confirm consistency with any prior Pashto NT usage (Acts, 2 Corinthians). |
| Crete / Cretans | Κρήτη / Κρῆτες | کریت / کریتیان | Kret / Kretian | Low | Geographic/ethnic reference; see 1:12 pastoral-sensitivity note on ethnic generalization. |
| Artemas | Ἀρτεμᾶς | ارتیماس | Artemas | Low | 3:12 |
| Tychicus | Τυχικός | تخیکوس | Tikhikos | Low | 3:12 |
| Nicopolis | Νικόπολις | نیکوپولس | Nikopolis | Low | 3:12, place name |
| Zenas | Ζηνᾶς | زیناس | Zenas | Low | 3:13 |
| Apollos | Ἀπολλῶς | اپولوس | Apollos | Low | 3:13; confirm consistency with any existing Pashto Acts/1 Corinthians rendering |
Risk Summary for Titus New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms, Sections B) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 5 (Savior, Appearing, Regeneration, Good Works* borderline, Heir) | Human theologian |
| High | 13 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 6 | Human theologian (recommended) |
| Medium | 14 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 10 | Native speaker review |
| Low | remainder (Section C, D) | Automated review |
*Good Works is classified High in the term table but functions with Critical-level pastoral stakes given its direct collision with deeds-weighing soteriology central to two of the seven curriculum doctrines; theologian review is mandatory at every occurrence regardless of nominal tier.
See analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md for full definitions, semantic ranges, English variants, and contextual theological argument supporting every entry in this glossary.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Root for the new نجات ورکوونکی (Savior) title entry below. In Titus 2:11 grace itself is called σωτήριος (‘salvation-bringing’); must not be softened to ‘helpful’ or ‘beneficial.’ Ties to the baseline’s nanawatai/badal cultural bridge, doubly reinforced by Titus 3:5’s grace-not-works statement.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 3:5, the agent of the washing of regeneration and renewal. The created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction (mainstream tafsir identifies ‘Holy Spirit’ with the angel Jibril) must be made explicit at every occurrence, including this one.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus uses this root in three distinct senses: adverbially of righteous conduct (2:12, δικαίως), forensically of works done ‘in righteousness’ that do not save (3:5), and as the basis of the honor-restoration bridging framework. All three senses must be taught as related but distinct.
Justification
Approved rendering: صادق ګڼل کیدل
Transliteration: sadiq ganal kedal
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7’s ‘being justified by his grace’ is the ground of the believer’s heirship; must retain ‘declared righteous,’ never ‘made righteous’ or merely ‘forgiven,’ cross-checked for consistency with Romans 3-4.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. The settled Pashto Christian usage still carries the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative that must be actively corrected, with special force at Titus 2:13’s Granville Sharp deity claim.
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception the word denotes; the risk is sharpest in Titus 2:13’s Granville Sharp construction (‘our great God and Savior Jesus Christ’), which must not be split into two separate figures in translation.
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the greeting formula in Titus 1:4. Pashtun patriarchal tribal culture’s stern-authority connotation for ‘plar’ must be counterbalanced with relational warmth, as in the baseline, and reinforced by Titus 3:7’s grace-given heirship.
Law
Approved rendering: ناموس
Transliteration: namus
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: شریعت
Original: νόμος / νομικός
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Forbidden substitution شریعت applies unchanged. In Titus 3:9, the root of the compound ‘quarrels about the law’ (د ناموس په اړه شخړې); in 3:13, ‘Zenas the lawyer’ (νομικός) uses the same root in its mundane occupational sense, which must be kept distinct from the doctrinal category.
Adoption
Approved rendering: زوی نیول
Transliteration: zoy neyol
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly quoted in Titus, but Titus 3:7’s وارثان (heir) doctrine makes the identical Romans-8 grace-given-family-status point; this baseline entry must be cross-taught alongside وارثان, not treated as unrelated, since both intersect the same rigid patrilineal qawm/khel inheritance-custom collision.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: امت
Inherited from Romans package. Forbidden substitution امت applies unchanged. The Greek noun ἐκκλησία does not occur directly in Titus, but کلیسا is the mandatory disambiguating qualifier attached to the new ‘elder’ term (د کلیسا مشر) so the office is understood as spiritual-pastoral, not tribal-political; must be taught with a small, dispersed, often secret community in view, as in the baseline.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجات ورکوونکی
Transliteration: nejat-warkawunkey
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: منجی
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New term, built on the established baseline نجات root. Title applied interchangeably to God the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and Jesus Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6), asserting shared deity. Must be rendered identically for both referents at every occurrence throughout Titus so the shared-title deity argument is never obscured by using two different Pashto words. Flag every occurrence for mandatory theologian review.
Appearing
Approved rendering: راڅرګندېدل
Transliteration: ra-tsergandedal
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and the Second Coming of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ظهور
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω
Category: Eschatology
New term. ظهور is the standard regional Sunni eschatological term for the awaited zuhur-e-Mahdi and related Dajjal apocalyptic scheme; using it for Christ’s ἐπιφάνεια/ἐπεφάνη risks assimilating his unique bodily first (2:11; 3:4) and second (2:13) appearing into that competing end-times framework. The native compound راڅرګندېدل preserves the visible, historical, bodily sense while avoiding the collision entirely.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: بیا زیږون
Transliteration: bya zeghzun
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: تجدد
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
New term, wholly new coinage with zero settled Pashto Christian precedent. Must be shielded from a reincarnation/cyclical-rebirth reading (echoing the baseline’s caution on resurrection vocabulary, an even more acute risk here given the thinner precedent) and from a moral-self-reformation reading, which would reintroduce the works-based salvation Titus 3:5 explicitly excludes in the same sentence. Kept lexically distinct from the baseline’s بیا راژوندي کیدل (resurrection).
Heir
Approved rendering: وارثان
Transliteration: warithan
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New term, cross-referenced with the baseline’s Critical adoption doctrine (Romans 8). Pashtun inheritance customs are governed by rigid patrilineal qawm/khel descent; a non-blood-related person receiving full inheritance rights (Titus 3:7) is a sharp social anomaly that must be taught explicitly, not treated as a fresh, unrelated concept from Romans. Everyday وارثان/میراث vocabulary is also saturated with Islamic mirath inheritance-law technical rules by bloodline, which must not be imported onto this grace-conferred status.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Melmastia’s reciprocity-creating gift logic applies unchanged. In Titus 2:11, grace is grammatically the active subject that itself ‘appears’ and ‘trains’ (2:12); in 3:7 it is the ground of justification and heirship. Must never read as a gift obligating repayment.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across Titus: personal trust (1:1, 4), the body of sound doctrine (‘sound in the faith,’ 1:13; 2:2), and human trustworthiness (2:10) all use the same Pashto word; disambiguate the specific sense by context at each occurrence rather than assuming the Islamic unified creedal sense covers all three.
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Collides with Muhammad’s defining Quranic title as khatam al-anbiya, since Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims sharing the same shahada. Paul’s self-designation in Titus 1:1 must be paired with fuller context so it is not read as a rival prophetic claim.
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 3:3 describes the pre-conversion state of ‘we ourselves,’ including Paul and Titus, with no ethnic or apostolic exemption; in 3:11 describes the self-condemned divisive person. The honor-shame-to-guilt bridging note applies with equal force in both occurrences.
Election
Approved rendering: غوره شوی / غوره کول
Transliteration: ghwara shway / ghwara kawul
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλεκτός (cf. ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (root extended to the ἐκλεκτός inflected form). Titus 1:1’s ‘God’s elect’ risks being read through Pashtun tribal lineage-based status categories (qawm/khel standing); election is God’s free redemptive choice unrelated to bloodline, exactly as in the Romans baseline.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: د ایمان اطاعت
Transliteration: da iman ita’at
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Retained here strictly to distinguish salvific obedience from Titus’s separate, non-salvific submission/obedience vocabulary (تابع کیدل, اطاعت کول, both new entries below) applied to household, servile, and civic relationships. Never conflate the two.
Washing
Approved rendering: وینځل
Transliteration: winzel
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: غسل
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation
New term. غسل is the specific Islamic ritual full-body ablution restoring ritual purity after major impurity; using it would suggest a repeatable ritual-purification act rather than Paul’s once-for-all, Spirit-wrought washing (Titus 3:5), most likely referencing baptism as the outward sign of an inward regenerating reality.
Good Works
Approved rendering: نیک کارونه
Transliteration: nek karuna
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Sanctification
New term. The single most-repeated theological phrase in Titus (1:16; 2:7, 14; 3:1, 8, 14) and the sharpest works-righteousness collision in the entire curriculum: mainstream Sunni soteriology weighs a’mal-e-saleh on the mizan scales at the Last Judgment as a contributing means, together with divine mercy, of determining eternal fate. Every occurrence must be taught with explicit sequencing (fruit, never cause, of grace-given salvation per 3:5-8) and flagged for theologian review regardless of nominal tier.
Godliness
Approved rendering: خدای پالنه
Transliteration: Khudai-palana
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: تقوی
Original: εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς
Category: Sanctification
New term. تقوی is the central Quranic virtue-term for God-consciousness that both protects from sin and accumulates merit toward salvation; εὐσέβεια in Titus (1:1; 2:12) is consistently grace’s fruit, never salvation’s means. خدای پالنه avoids taqwa’s built-in merit-accumulation logic and should be paired with explicit teaching at first use.
Train Discipline
Approved rendering: روزنه کول
Transliteration: rozana kawul
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: تربیه کول
Original: παιδεύω
Category: Sanctification
New term. تربیه کول risks importing the entire Islamic tarbiya obligation-based moral-formation framework in which the trainee owes submission independent of any prior gift. The native روزل root keeps grace (فضل), not obligation, as the sole grammatical and theological acting agent in Titus 2:12.
Elder
Approved rendering: د کلیسا مشر
Transliteration: da kalisa mashar
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: مشر (bare, without qualifier)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New term. مشر alone collides directly with Pashtunwali’s tribal jirga elders (spingiri, ‘white-beards’), a real and highly authoritative parallel institution; the کلیسا qualifier is mandatory at every occurrence (Titus 1:5) so the office is understood as spiritual-pastoral within the (often small, dispersed, or secret) house-church, never tribal-political.
Overseer
Approved rendering: ناظر
Transliteration: nazir
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New term. Pashto’s Christian translation tradition is the thinnest and least settled of the languages in this pipeline, with no strongly attested precedent for this office-title (Titus 1:7); ناظر must be paired at first use with د کلیسا مشر so readers understand both Greek terms denote one and the same pastoral office in this passage, never two separate offices.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: د یوې مېرمنې مېړه
Transliteration: da ye mermane merah
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church
New phrase. Islamic law in the region permits polygamy (up to four wives), a socially normal practice especially among tribal and community leaders whose multiple marriages often cement inter-clan alliances; this qualification (Titus 1:6) will be heard as directly, deliberately counter-cultural for exactly the class of socially prominent men most likely considered for church leadership. Requires theologian-guided pastoral framing, not a purely lexical decision.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: روغه تعلیم
Transliteration: rogha ta’lim
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: صحیح تعلیم
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Church
New term. صحیح تعلیم is the technical term of art in Islamic hadith science for an authenticated chain of transmission (sahih hadith); using it would import a chain-authentication methodology framework foreign to Paul’s own bodily-health metaphor for doctrine (1:9, 13; 2:1, 2, 8). روغه (healthy) preserves that metaphor directly.
Submit
Approved rendering: تابع کیدل
Transliteration: tabey kedal
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Church
New term. Used in Titus of wives to husbands (2:5), servants to masters (2:9), and believers to civil rulers (3:1); each application requires its own pastoral qualification. Must be distinguished from unconditional allegiance to Pashtunwali’s tribal authority structures (nang, jirga) and from uncritical submission to an oppressive political regime; the household application must not be detached and weaponized within a culture where women’s subordination is already comprehensively enforced by custom.
Rulers Authorities
Approved rendering: واکمنان / واک لرونکي
Transliteration: wakmanan / wak-larunki
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχή / ἐξουσία
Category: Church
New term. Among the most pastorally acute instructions in the curriculum (Titus 3:1): under Taliban and similarly restrictive rule, ‘submit to rulers and authorities’ cannot be taught as blanket, unconditional political obedience without careful qualification alongside Scripture’s own limits on civic obedience (cf. Acts 5:29).
Obey Civic Authority
Approved rendering: اطاعت کول
Transliteration: itaat kawul
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Church
New term, shares the same root-family collision noted in the baseline’s obedience_of_faith entry (submission is the surrounding Islamic culture’s defining religious category, compounded by Pashtunwali’s own competing loyalty code to tribal elders) but applied here (Titus 3:1) to political rather than salvific obedience; keep this distinction explicit at every occurrence.
Controversy
Approved rendering: بې ګټې شخړې
Transliteration: be-gattey shkhre
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ζήτησις
Category: Church
New term. Must retain the ‘foolish/unprofitable’ qualifier (Titus 3:9), or the verse risks being misapplied to shut down all doctrinal discussion, including the necessary defense of sound doctrine against false teachers that Titus itself models extensively in chapter 1.
Factious Person
Approved rendering: د تفرقې کوونکی سړی
Transliteration: da tafraqe kawunkey saray
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: بدعتي
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
New term. بدعتي and similar sectarian-polemic loanwords are heavily loaded within the region’s own live intra-Islamic sectarian disputes (Sunni-Shia, Deobandi-Barelvi); importing this vocabulary would make Paul’s behavioral concern about persistent division (Titus 3:10) sound like taking sides in local disputes. The descriptive phrase avoids this collision while preserving the behavioral sense Paul intends.
Quarrels About Law
Approved rendering: د ناموس په اړه شخړې
Transliteration: da namus pa ara shkhre
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Covenant
New term built on the baseline ناموس root. Must not be conflated with either shari’a legal disputes or Pashtunwali customary-law (jirga) disputes, both extremely live and socially fraught categories of ‘legal dispute’ in the target culture (Titus 3:9).
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: تلپاتې ژوند
Transliteration: talpate zhwand
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term. Must be distinguished from the Islamic paradise-conditioned-on-the-scales-of-deeds eschatology (Jannah earned or forfeited by weighed deeds); this eternal life (Titus 1:2; 3:7) is itself part of the grace-given inheritance, not a separately merited reward.
Chaste
Approved rendering: پاکلمنه
Transliteration: pak-lamana
Doctrine: Household Codes and Family Ethics
Original: ἁγνός
Category: Sanctification
New term. پاکلمنه already carries strong honor-related connotations regarding female sexual purity in Pashtun culture; must be taught as a positive spiritual-moral virtue flowing from the gospel (Titus 2:5), not merely reinforcement of the honor code’s already-intense scrutiny of women’s conduct.
Master Household
Approved rendering: خاوند / مالک
Transliteration: khawand / malik
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Church
New term. Deliberately rendered with a different Pashto word from خداوند (reserved exclusively for Christ’s exclusive Lordship title) so the two are never confused; used of a household bondservant’s master (Titus 2:9). Contemporary application requires care given ongoing bonded/indentured labor and tribal patron-client (hamsaya) dependency relationships in the region.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: پرهیزګاره
Transliteration: parhezgara
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονέω
Category: Sanctification
New term (σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονέω, occurring at 1:8; 2:2, 4, 5, 6, 12). پرهیزګار is a mainstream Islamic piety term (near-synonym of a taqwa-possessor, one who abstains from sin) — a genuine partial bridge, but must be anchored to Spirit-given self-mastery flowing from grace (2:11-12), not self-achieved legal abstinence accumulating merit.
Pure Defiled
Approved rendering: پاک / ککړ شوی
Transliteration: pak / kakar shaway
Doctrine: Sanctification and Purity
Original: καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος
Category: Sanctification
New term (καθαρός / μεμιαμμένος, Titus 1:15). Direct collision risk with Islamic ritual-purity categories (halal/haram, tahara/najasa) governing food and objects; Paul’s point is moral-spiritual (a defiled conscience), not a statement about ritual food laws, echoing the same caution already logged against پاکوالی-style ritual readings under Sanctification in the Romans baseline.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 3:5 qualifies the Spirit (πνεῦμα ἅγιον). Must be kept lexically distinct from the new ὅσιος entry (دیندار, Titus 1:8) so the two related-but-distinct Greek words are not flattened into one Pashto word.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 2:13, the glory belonging specifically to Christ at his future appearing; must be anchored to that historical, particular event, not left as generalized Sufi mystical splendor.
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the standard Pauline greeting formula in Titus 1:4; the sola-jirga resonance with regional war-ending negotiations remains an asset.
Renewal
Approved rendering: نوي کیدنه
Transliteration: nawi kedana
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: تجدید
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Salvation
New term. تجدید carries loaded connotations of Islamic reform movements (a mujaddid is a divinely-appointed centennial reformer figure); the native compound نوي کیدنه avoids this association while conveying ongoing Spirit-wrought renewal (Titus 3:5), paired always with بیا زیږون and وینځل as a single triad.
Blameless
Approved rendering: بې عیبه
Transliteration: be-ayba
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
New term. Standard character-qualification vocabulary (Titus 1:6, 7); requires only consistency, no independent collision analysis.
Teaching General
Approved rendering: تعلیم
Transliteration: ta’lim
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Church
New term. Broadly compatible, shared vocabulary (also standard for Quranic/religious instruction) used of teaching/doctrine generally without the ὑγιαίνω health-qualifier (1:9; 2:1, 7, 10); context should specify that apostolic Christian teaching is meant. Never drop the روغه qualifier when translating ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία specifically.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: نافرمانه
Transliteration: nafarmana
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Church
New term. The negative counterpart of ὑποτάσσω, used of children (1:6) and false teachers (1:10); recurs of two different subjects, requiring context-sensitive teaching each time.
Genealogy
Approved rendering: نسب لړۍ
Transliteration: nasab larhai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Church
New term. Directly intersects with Pashtun tribal culture’s own intense qawm/khel lineage preoccupation (Titus 3:9); must not be misapplied as a blanket dismissal of ancestry’s importance generally, but provides a teaching opportunity that spiritual identity in Christ transcends genealogical/tribal status.
Mercy
Approved rendering: رحم
Transliteration: raham
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New term. رحم is broadly compatible with the shared Quranic divine attribute (Ar-Rahman/Ar-Rahim), a genuine asset similar to the baseline’s treatment of سوله (peace), but must be anchored specifically to the finished, historical mercy shown at the cross and in regeneration (Titus 3:5), not left as a generalized attribute operating within the deeds-weighing framework.
Hope
Approved rendering: هیله
Transliteration: hila
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term. هیله alone can carry the everyday sense of an uncertain wish and risks assimilation to the fatalistic ‘insha’Allah’ resignation register common in everyday Pashto religious speech; must be reinforced (1:2; 2:13; 3:7) as certain because it rests on God’s own promise, not chance.
Love
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
New term, notably absent from the Romans baseline glossary despite its importance. مینه is broad everyday vocabulary (romantic, familial, and general affection all use this word); context must make clear this is the specific, sacrificial, God-defined love of Christian ethical teaching (Titus 2:2, 4).
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: زغم
Transliteration: zgham
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
New term. A genuinely resonant, positive virtue in a persecuted, war-affected community (Titus 2:2), similar in asset-value to the baseline’s treatment of سوله (peace).
Kindness
Approved rendering: مهرباني
Transliteration: mehrabani
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
New term. Must be anchored as God’s active, saving kindness (parallel to χάρις), not read as a generic personality trait; paired with φιλανθρωπία in Titus 3:4.
Love For Mankind
Approved rendering: بشر دوستي
Transliteration: bashar-dosti
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
New term. Must retain God as the acting subject in Titus 3:4; risk of drift toward a purely humanistic-ethical reading detached from its divine, saving source.
Conscience
Approved rendering: ضمیر
Transliteration: zamir
Doctrine: Sanctification and Purity
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sin
New term. ضمیر is widely shared, broadly compatible vocabulary across regional religious cultures, but must be understood in its biblical sense (answerable to God) rather than reduced to social shame-sensitivity alone, paralleling the baseline’s honor-shame bridging notes on sin/righteousness. Titus 1:15: the false teachers’ minds and consciences are defiled.
Truth
Approved rendering: رښتیا
Transliteration: rishtiya
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: حقیقت
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Church
New term. حقیقت carries strong Sufi mystical-tradition weight as the innermost of the four classical stations (shari’a-tariqa-haqiqat-ma’rifat), risking readers hearing revealed, propositional gospel truth (Titus 1:1, 14) as mystical inner illumination instead. رښتیا, the more everyday word, avoids this.
Devout
Approved rendering: دیندار
Transliteration: dindar
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Church
New term (ὅσιος, Titus 1:8). Must be kept lexically distinct from مقدس (ἅγιος, ‘holy/set-apart’) so as not to flatten two related-but-distinct Greek words into one Pashto word, losing nuance for careful Bible-study readers.
Truthful God
Approved rendering: رښتینی خدای
Transliteration: rishtinay Khudai
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἀψευδής
Category: God
New term (ἀψευδής, Titus 1:2). A genuine point of compatibility, since orthodox Islamic theology likewise affirms Allah cannot lie; usable as a positive point of contact while still anchoring the specific promise in view (eternal life) to the gospel rather than to a generic divine attribute.
Zealous
Approved rendering: لیوال
Transliteration: liwal
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ζηλωτής
Category: Sanctification
New term. Must not evoke the political-revolutionary ‘Zealot’ connotation of the same Greek root (ζηλωτής), a live sensitivity given the region’s history of religio-political militancy; describes the purchased people’s eager devotion to good works (Titus 2:14).
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: خدمتګار
Transliteration: khedmatgar
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: غلام
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term. غلام is flagged as a cautious alternative (a partial positive bridge via the South Asian Muslim naming-convention pattern, e.g. ‘Ghulam Muhammad’) but not adopted as the default, given its strong chattel-slavery connotations; خدمتګار is the safer default rendering of δοῦλος θεοῦ (Titus 1:1).
Proclamation
Approved rendering: اعلان
Transliteration: e’lan
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Authority
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Church
New term (κήρυγμα, Titus 1:3). Emphasis is on authoritative public proclamation of a settled message, not private opinion; connects closely to the (absent from Titus but curriculum-relevant) gospel/انجیل concept.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: ملامتوونه کول
Transliteration: malamatawuna kawul
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Church
New term (ἐλέγχω, Titus 1:9, 13; 2:15). Must convey authoritative doctrinal correction, distinct from harsh personal insult, consistent with the sound-doctrine defense theme of Titus.
Disciplined
Approved rendering: ځان تر واک لاندې ساتونکی
Transliteration: dzan tar wak lande satunkey
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐγκρατής
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἐγκρατής, Titus 1:8). Distinct in nuance from σώφρων; keep the two related self-control terms distinguishable in context where possible.
Disobedient
Approved rendering: نافرمانه
Transliteration: nafarmana
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἀπειθής
Category: Sin
New term (ἀπειθής, Titus 3:3); shares its Pashto rendering with ‘insubordinate’ (ἀνυπότακτος) above by design, since both describe resistance to due authority, but the two Greek terms describe distinct referents (a moral/spiritual disposition here vs. a specific relational-authority failure there) and context must disambiguate. Rhetorically important: describes Paul and Titus themselves, no ethnic or tribal exemption.
Faithful Saying Formula
Approved rendering: دا خبره باوري ده
Transliteration: da khabara bawari da
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Church
New formula (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, Titus 3:8), a fixed Pastoral Epistles marker of settled, authoritative doctrinal summary (cf. 1-2 Timothy). Should be rendered identically wherever it recurs in future Pastoral Epistles curricula.
Warped Self Condemned
Approved rendering: بې لارې شوی / ځان ملامته کوونکی
Transliteration: be-lare shaway / dzan malamata kawunkey
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἐκστρέφομαι / αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Sin
New term (ἐκστρέφομαι / αὐτοκατάκριτος, Titus 3:11), describing the persistently divisive person after repeated warning. The self-condemnation point (his own conscience convicts him) should be preserved rather than flattened into simple ‘guilty.‘
Low Risk Terms
Holy Spirit Dup Removed
Approved rendering: REMOVED_DUPLICATE_KEY_PLACEHOLDER
Transliteration: n/a
Doctrine: n/a
This key intentionally left unused; see ‘holy_spirit’ above for the canonical entry.
Exhort
Approved rendering: هڅول
Transliteration: hakol
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive per the baseline rule: هڅول for encouragement, نصیحت کول (nasihat kawul) for beseeching/admonishing. Used of Titus’s own teaching ministry (1:9; 2:6, 15).
Command Authority
Approved rendering: حکم / امر
Transliteration: hukm / amr
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἐπιταγή
Category: Church
New term (ἐπιταγή, Titus 1:3; 2:15). Ordinary command vocabulary requiring only consistency.
Model Example
Approved rendering: نمونه
Transliteration: numuna
Doctrine: Sanctification and Purity
Original: τύπος
Category: Sanctification
New term (τύπος, Titus 2:7). Low risk, ordinary exemplar vocabulary; a model/pattern of good works.
Adorn
Approved rendering: ښایسته کول
Transliteration: khaista kawul
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: κοσμέω
Category: Church
New term (κοσμέω, Titus 2:10). A vivid, positive image directly relevant to the persecuted community’s public witness: godly conduct makes sound doctrine visibly attractive.
Sober
Approved rendering: خوندي / سنجیده
Transliteration: khwandi / sanjeeda
Doctrine: Household Codes and Family Ethics
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Sanctification
New term (νηφάλιος, Titus 2:2). Ordinary character vocabulary, low risk.
Dignified
Approved rendering: درنه / متانت
Transliteration: drana / matanat
Doctrine: Household Codes and Family Ethics
Original: σεμνός / σεμνότης
Category: Sanctification
New term (σεμνός / σεμνότης, Titus 2:2, 7). Ordinary character vocabulary, low risk.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: سوله ییز
Transliteration: sola-yiz
Doctrine: Household Codes and Family Ethics
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἄμαχος, Titus 3:2), a natural low-risk extension of the baseline’s established سوله (peace) root.
Gentle
Approved rendering: نرم / نرمي
Transliteration: narm / nrmi
Doctrine: Household Codes and Family Ethics
Original: ἐπιεικής / πραΰτης
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἐπιεικής / πραΰτης, Titus 3:2). Part of a social-virtue cluster (2:1-3:2) functioning as visible evidence of the gospel to a watching, often hostile society.
Foolish
Approved rendering: ناپوه
Transliteration: napoh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἀνόητος
Category: Sin
New term (ἀνόητος, Titus 3:3). Ordinary moral vocabulary, low independent risk; describes believers’ pre-conversion state.
Pleasure
Approved rendering: خوند
Transliteration: khwand
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἡδονή
Category: Sin
New term (ἡδονή, Titus 3:3). Low-medium risk, ordinary vice vocabulary describing the pre-conversion self’s enslavement.
Pour Out
Approved rendering: تویول
Transliteration: tawiyol
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐκχέω
Category: God
New term (ἐκχέω, Titus 3:6). A positive, evocative image of the Spirit’s abundant outpouring through Christ, echoing Pentecost (Acts 2:17); worth noting for teaching continuity.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: بې میوې
Transliteration: be-miwe
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Sanctification
New term (ἄκαρπος, Titus 3:14). Standard agricultural metaphor for lack of visible spiritual fruit.
Beneficial
Approved rendering: ګټور
Transliteration: gattawar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Sanctification
New term (ὠφέλιμος, Titus 3:8), describing good works’ effect on people. Low risk.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: ختنه
Transliteration: khatna
Doctrine: False Teachers and Doctrinal Purity
Rejected alternatives: سنت
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
New term (περιτομή, Titus 1:10, ‘those of the circumcision party’). سنت is rejected because it also denotes the Prophet’s example/tradition in Islamic usage, an unrelated sense that would create ambiguity; ختنه is the less ambiguous term for the literal ritual practice.
Myths
Approved rendering: افسانې
Transliteration: afsane
Doctrine: False Teachers and Doctrinal Purity
Original: μῦθος
Category: Covenant
New term (μῦθος, Titus 1:14). Targets specific speculative Jewish legendary material troubling the Cretan churches, not a blanket dismissal of the Old Testament; must not be read as devaluing Scripture itself.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: ناکاره
Transliteration: nakara
Doctrine: False Teachers and Doctrinal Purity
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Sin
New term (ἀδόκιμος, Titus 1:16). Describes false teachers as unfit for any good work; low-medium risk.
Admonition
Approved rendering: پند / خبرداری
Transliteration: pand / khabardari
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Church
New term (νουθεσία, Titus 3:10). Warning given before a divisive person is finally rejected; low-medium risk.
Reject Avoid
Approved rendering: ترې ډډه کول
Transliteration: tre ddda kawul
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: παραιτέομαι
Category: Church
New term (παραιτέομαι, Titus 3:10). Practical application in small, dispersed, persecuted house-church contexts (where community cohesion is already fragile) warrants native-speaker/theologian input beyond the lexical decision.
Referenced passages