Core Glossary
2 Corinthians Core Glossary — Pashto
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term encountered across all 13 chapters of 2 Corinthians, cross-referenced to the curriculum’s eight named doctrines. Terms marked Reused carry forward their exact Pashto rendering and risk tier from the Romans baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json without modification. Terms marked New are proposed for this curriculum and must be added to translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 processing begins.
1. Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reconciliation | καταλλαγή (katallagē) | پخلاینه (pakhlaina) | New | Critical | Pashtun jirga-mediated peace-settlement culture is a real positive bridge (parallels باseline’s سوله/peace asset), but defaults to human-initiated, negotiated, mutual settlement between equals. Must teach God as sole initiator, reconciling while humanity is still hostile. |
| reconciled (verb) | καταλλάσσω (katallassō) | پخلا کول / پخلا کیدل (pakhla kawul / pakhla kedal) | New | Critical | Same note as above; verb forms across 5:18-20 must render consistently. |
| be reconciled (imperative) | καταλλάγητε (katallagēte) | د خدای سره پخلا شئ (da Khudai sara pakhla shai) | New | Critical | The evangelistic appeal itself; must retain imperative force without implying the hearer, not God, must initiate the reconciling act. |
| not counting trespasses | μὴ λογιζόμενος (mē logizomenos) | و نه محسوبه کول (wa na mahsuba kawul) | New (reuses باseline root) | Critical | Shares the λογίζομαι root with the baseline’s “imputed righteousness” (محسوبه شوی صداقت); must reuse محسوبه (mahsuba, credited/reckoned) for cross-document consistency. |
| ministry/message of reconciliation | διακονία / λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | د پخلاینې خدمت / پیغام (da pakhlaine khidmat/peyghaam) | New | High | Compound of new reconciliation term with established خدمت (service) and پیغام (message) vocabulary. |
2. Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις (kainē ktisis) | نوی پیدایښت (nawi paidaisht) | New | Critical | Islamic fitrah anthropology treats human nature as fixed since creation, needing guidance (hidayah) back to it, not ontological re-creation. Requires explicit, concrete teaching, not an assumed self-evident phrase. |
| in Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ (en Christō) | په مسیح کې (pa Masih ke) | New (reuses Romans “Christian Identity in Christ” framing) | High | Union-with-Christ identity category; keep distinct from tribal/genealogical identity per baseline doctrine note. |
| old has passed away / new has come | τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν… καινά (ta archaia parēlthen… kaina) | زوړ تېر شو، نوی راغی (zor ter sho, nawi raghay) | New | Medium | Descriptive contrast phrase reinforcing the new-creation doctrine. |
3. Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| comfort/consolation | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | تسلي (tasalli) | New | Medium | Must be anchored to God’s personal, active comfort in Christ, not fatalistic resignation. |
| affliction/tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | سختي (sakhti) | New | Medium-High | Preferred over مصیبت (musibat) to avoid Islamic reward-for-suffering fatalism. |
| God/Father of mercies | ὁ πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν | د رحمت پلار (da rahmat plar) | New (reuses پلار) | High | Reuses baseline پلار (Father); counterbalances stern-authority default per baseline note. |
| godly grief / worldly grief | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / λύπη τοῦ κόσμου | خدايي غم / دنیايي غم (Khudayi gham / dunyawi gham) | New | High | Sharp pairing needed; godly grief must be shown to produce life, worldly grief death. |
| repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | توبه (tuba) | New | High | Shares the standard Islamic ritual-repentance term (tawba); must be anchored to observable ongoing life-transformation (7:11), not formulaic verbal repetition (istighfar). |
| treasure in jars of clay | θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | خزانه په خټینو لوښو کې (khazana pa khatino loshо ke) | New | Medium | Serves “Power in Weakness” doctrine as well. |
| outer man / inner man | ὁ ἔξω / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | ظاهري انسان / باطني انسان (zahiri insan / batini insan) | New | Medium | Zahir/batin pairing is a positive regional Sufi-philosophical resource; avoid conflating with Sufi esoteric hidden-knowledge concepts. |
| eternal weight of glory | αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης | دايمي درانه جلال (daimi drana jalal) | New (reuses جلال) | Medium | Reuses baseline جلال (glory). |
4. Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | نوی تړون (nawi tarun) | New (reuses تړون) | Critical | Must be distinguished from Islamic naskh (abrogation) framework; fulfills rather than merely supersedes by revelation-sequence. |
| letter / Spirit | γράμμα / πνεῦμα (gramma / pneuma) | لیک / روح (leek / roh) | New / Reuses روح القدس root | High | πνεῦμα is context-sensitive (Holy Spirit vs. general spirit); check each ch.3 occurrence individually, same discipline as baseline’s “called.” |
| veil | κάλυμμα (kalymma) | پرده (parda) | New | Critical | Collides directly with Pashtun purdah (female modesty-seclusion practice); every occurrence needs clarifying context so it is not heard as commentary on women’s veiling. |
| freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | آزادي (azadi) | New | Medium | Freedom from the letter’s condemnation, granted by the Spirit. |
| transformed | μεταμορφόω (metamorphoō) | بدلیدل (badledal) | New | High | Ongoing inward transformation into Christ’s likeness, not one-time ritual change. |
| minister/servant (of the covenant) | διάκονος (diakonos) | خدمتګار (khidmatgar) | New | Medium | Neutral native-adjacent term for authorized covenant service. |
| glory (of the covenant) | δόξα (doxa) | جلال (jalal) | Reused | High | Exact baseline reuse; preserve the fading-vs-surpassing contrast. |
| law/covenant background | νόμος / διαθήκη | ناموس / تړون (namus / tarun) | Reused | Critical / High | 2 Corinthians uses διαθήκη far more than νόμος directly; the old-covenant/letter contrast parallels the baseline’s ناموس distinction from both shari’a and Pashtunwali. |
5. Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sincerity | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια (haplotēs / eilikrineia) | رښتینوالی (rishtinwali) | New | High | Addresses live regional suspicion toward foreign/unofficial religious teachers’ true motives; anchor to verifiable transparent conduct. |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω (presbeuō) | سفیر (safir) | New | High | Must convey delegated, authoritative representation carrying the sender’s own voice. |
| conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | وجدان (wijdan) | New | Medium | Keep God-facing orientation distinct from mere social reputation in honor-shame culture. |
| commend/self-commendation | συνιστάνειν ἑαυτούς | ځان ستایل (dzan stayel) | New | Medium | Contrast between self-validation and validation from the Lord. |
| peddlers/corrupters of God’s word | καπηλεύω τὸν λόγον | د خدای کلام سوداګري کول (da Khudai kalaam sawdagari kawul) | New | High | Handle carefully to avoid reinforcing the surrounding tahrif assumption about Scripture generally. |
| apostle (under attack) | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | رسول (rasul) | Reused | High | Baseline collision with Muhammad’s rasul title now compounded by sustained internal church dispute over legitimacy (chs.10-12). |
| flesh / worldly standard | κατὰ σάρκα (kata sarka) | د دنیا معیار (da dunya mi’yar) | New | High | Idiomatic “worldly evaluative standard,” not literal body; dual Pauline sense (physical vs. sinful/worldly viewpoint) needs care at each occurrence. |
6. Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace (in giving) | χάρις (charis) | فضل (fazal) | Reused | High | Melmastia-reciprocity collision applies with special force in the collection context; giving-as-grace must not become honor-debt leverage. |
| generosity | ἁπλότης (haplotēs, “liberality” sense) | سخاوت (sakhawat) | New | High | Distinguish from both ritual almsgiving (zakat/sadaqa) obligation and honor-generating hospitality gift-giving; giving flows from grace received, not debt or honor-purchase. |
| equality/fair balance | ἰσότης (isotēs) | برابري (barabari) | New | Low-Medium | Goal of the collection among believer communities. |
| cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸς δότης (hilaros dotēs) | خوشحاله ورکوونکی (khwakhala warkawunkay) | New | Medium | Joy-marked, non-compulsory giving. |
| sowing and reaping | σπείρω / θερίζω (speirō / therizō) | کرل / رېبل (karal / rebal) | New | Medium | Must not be taught as a mechanical prosperity formula. |
| Christ’s self-impoverishment | ἐπτώχευσεν (eptōcheusen) | فقیر شو (faqir sho) | New | Medium | Ties incarnation doctrine to giving ethics as its theological ground. |
| righteousness (fruit of giving) | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | صداقت (sadaqat) | Reused | Critical | Exact baseline reuse. |
7. Doctrine: Power in Weakness
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power in weakness | δύναμις / ἀσθένεια (dynamis / astheneia) | کمزوري کې قدرت (kamzori ke qodrat) | New | Critical | Directly subverts Pashtunwali’s honor-shame prizing of martial strength and courage (nang, tureh); requires the same explicit doctrinal bridging as baseline’s grace/salvation entries — this doctrinal collision is the curriculum’s single most acute cultural risk point. |
| sufficient grace | ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις (arkei hē charis) | زما فضل بس دی (zama fazal bas dai) | New (reuses فضل) | High | Intensified pastoral application of the Critical-tier grace term. |
| thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (skolops tē sarki) | د جسم ګنډار (da jism gandar) | New | Medium | Keep unspecified; representative of any God-permitted chronic affliction. |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | د خدای قدرت (da Khudai qodrat) | Reused | Medium | Exact baseline reuse; central hinge-word for this doctrine across chs.4, 6, 12-13. |
| third heaven / paradise | τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος | درېیم آسمان / پردیس (drewaym asman / pardis) | New | Critical | پردیس kept as transliteration rather than جنت (jannat) to avoid importing dense, unrelated Qur’anic paradise imagery onto Paul’s deliberately reticent vision account. |
| visions and revelations | ὀπτασία / ἀποκάλυψις | رویاوې او افشا (rooyawe aw ifsha) | New | Medium | Genuine but deliberately unboasted spiritual experience. |
| signs of a true apostle | σημεῖα, τέρατα, δυνάμεις | نخښې، خوندونه، معجزات (nikhe, khwandoona, mojezaat) | New | Medium-High | Subordinate to suffering-marked sincerity as the deeper apostolic credential; distinguish from folk-Islamic sign-seeking expectation. |
8. Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι (pseudapostoloi) | دروغجن رسولان (drooghjan rasulan) | New | Critical | Doubles the baseline رسول/rasul collision; frame strictly as internal first-century dispute over competing claimants, not general prophethood commentary. |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς (Satanas) | شیطان (shaytan) | New | Medium | Broadly shared, compatible personal-tempter content across traditions; teach as real personal deceiver, not symbolic evil. |
| angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός (angelos phōtos) | د رڼا پیریشته (da rana pereshta) | New | Medium | Warns against deceptive appearances of legitimate spiritual authority. |
| boasting | καυχάομαι (kauchaomai) | فخر کول (fakhr kawul) | New | High | Directly confronts Pashtunwali’s nang (honor) culture’s normalization of public self/tribal boasting; Paul’s paradoxical redefinition (boasting only in weakness/the Lord) must be taught explicitly. |
| weapons of warfare | ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας (hopla tēs strateias) | روحاني وسلې (rohani wasle) | New | High | Given regional lived experience of literal armed conflict/jihad rhetoric, the روحاني (spiritual) qualifier must never be dropped; anchor strictly to arguments/ideas, never physical violence. |
| betrothed as pure virgin | παρθένος ἁγνή (parthenos hagnē) | د پاکې پېغلې منګول (da pake peghle mangol) | New | High | Intersects with namus (honor tied to female chastity), among the most sensitive Pashtunwali categories; handle as corporate-church metaphor, not individual commentary. |
| godly jealousy | ζῆλος θεοῦ (zēlos theou) | د خدای لپاره غیرت (da Khudai lapara ghairat) | New | Medium | غیرت (honor-zeal) repurposed positively for protective zeal over the church’s devotion to Christ. |
| examine/test yourselves | δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) | ځان معاینه کړئ (dzan mu’ayana kra) | New | Low | Final self-examination call, ch.13. |
9. Cross-Cutting Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
These terms recur throughout 2 Corinthians without modification to their baseline rendering or risk tier. Listed here for completeness, since Step 1 requires citing terms from every chapter.
| Term | Pashto | Risk (baseline) | 2 Corinthians occurrences (representative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | خدای | Critical | Throughout |
| Jesus | عیسی | Critical | Throughout |
| Lord | خداوند | Critical | 1:2-3; 4:5,14; 5:11; 10:17-18; 13:14 |
| Christ/Messiah | مسیح | Critical | Throughout |
| Holy Spirit | روح القدس | Critical | 1:22; 3:3-18; 5:5; 6:6; 13:14 |
| Father | پلار | Critical | 1:2-3; 6:18 |
| grace | فضل | High | 1:2,12; 4:15; 6:1; 8:1-9,19; 9:8,14; 12:9; 13:14 |
| faith | ایمان | High | 1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5 |
| righteousness | صداقت | Critical | 5:21; 6:7,14; 9:9-10; 11:15 |
| sin | ګناه | High | 5:21; 11:7 |
| salvation | نجات | Critical | 1:6; 6:2; 7:10 |
| glory | جلال | Medium | 3:7-18; 4:4-6,17 |
| covenant | تړون | High | 3:6,14 |
| law | ناموس | Critical | (conceptual background to old-covenant/letter contrast; νόμος itself rare in 2 Corinthians) |
| apostle | رسول | High | 1:1; 11:5,13; 12:11-12 |
| church | کلیسا | Critical | 1:1; 8:1,18-24; 11:8,28; 12:13 |
| holy / saints | مقدس / مقدسان | High / High | 1:1; 8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12 |
| peace | سوله | Medium | 13:11 |
| fellowship | ملګرتیا | Low | 6:14; 8:4; 13:14 |
| thanksgiving | شکر | Low | 1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15 |
| power of God | د خدای قدرت | Medium | 4:7; 6:7; 12:9; 13:4 |
| Abba | ابا | High | (not directly used in 2 Cor; retained here for cross-document pronoun/family-of-God consistency with Romans 8) |
10. New Term Requiring Addition to Translation Memory (Trinity Benediction Vocabulary)
| Term | Original (Translit.) | Pashto | Status | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | مینه (mina) | New | Medium-High | Not previously in the Romans baseline glossary despite appearing there (5:5,8; 8:35,39); formally added here given its Critical role in the 2 Corinthians 13:14 Trinitarian benediction and 5:14 (“the love of Christ controls us”). Must be distinguished from romantic love (ishq) or mere family affection; this is God’s own self-giving, sacrificial love. |
| Trinitarian benediction formula | χάρις…/ἀγάπη…/κοινωνία… (13:14) | فضل / مینه / ملګرتیا (fazal / mina / malgartia) | New (compound of reused terms) | Critical | All three named Persons (Christ, God the Father, Holy Spirit) must remain distinct and conjoined in every rendering; this is one of Scripture’s clearest Trinitarian proof texts. |
This glossary must be loaded alongside the Romans baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for all Phase 2 2 Corinthians segment translation. New terms above require formal addition to translation memory, with version increment and theologian review flagged for every Critical-tier entry, before batch translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت
Transliteration: sadaqat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Climactic in 2 Corinthians 5:21 (‘the righteousness of God’) and 9:9-10 (‘harvest of righteousness’); the honor-restoration bridging required in the Romans baseline applies with full force here.
Justification
Approved rendering: صادق ګڼل کیدل
Transliteration: sadiq ganal kedal
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not a distinct standalone term in 2 Corinthians’s own vocabulary, but its doctrinal content is the background for 5:19-21’s imputed-righteousness/not-counting-trespasses language; retained here for cross-document doctrinal consistency.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Appears at 1:6, 6:2 (‘now is the day of salvation’), and 7:10 (fruit of godly grief). The nanawatai cultural bridge remains the primary positive resource for teaching substitutionary logic in this book’s atonement passages (5:14-21).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: بیا راژوندي کیدل
Transliteration: bya rajwandi kedal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form (بیا راژوندی شو) reuses this root exactly at 4:14 and 5:15; carries the same Qur’anic crucifixion-denial (4:157) collision documented in the baseline and requires oral/narrative apologetic reinforcement given lower baseline literacy.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. In 5:11 ‘the fear of the Lord’ (د خداوند وېره) must be anchored specifically to Christ as the coming Judge of 5:10, not a generic deity-fear. Also central at 1:2-3; 4:5,14; 10:17-18; 13:14.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: تجسد
Transliteration: tajassud
Doctrine: Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 8:9’s ‘though he was rich, he became poor’ (Christ’s self-impoverishment as the model for Christian giving); must be read alongside this term’s own Critical-tier cultural notes, not treated as a lower-stakes idea.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never امت. Recurs at 1:1; 8:1,18-24; 11:8,28; 12:13. Must be taught with a dispersed, often secret community in view given severe restrictions on Muslim-background Christian gathering.
Law
Approved rendering: ناموس
Transliteration: namus
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: شریعت
Original: νόμος
Category: New Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Never شریعت. The conceptual background to the old-covenant/letter contrast throughout 2 Corinthians 3, though νόμος itself is rare in this book’s direct vocabulary.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Ground of apostolic authority (‘ambassadors for Christ,’ 5:20) and of legitimate boasting (‘boast in the Lord,’ 10:17); every occurrence must actively assert Christ’s unique redemptive sufficiency.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Still carries the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative that must be actively corrected at every occurrence.
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 1:3 and 5:18-19, God is specifically the initiator of comfort and reconciliation; must retain full personal, triune referent, never softened to an impersonal ultimate reality.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 3, πνεῦμα is context-sensitive between the Holy Spirit and a general ‘spirit’; each ch.3 occurrence must be individually checked before defaulting to روح القدس, per the baseline’s discipline for ‘called.‘
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 1:3 (‘Father of mercies’) and 6:18, this term is paired deliberately with warm, compassionate framing to counterbalance Pashtunwali’s stern-authority default for پلار.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: محسوبه شوی صداقت
Transliteration: mahsuba shway sadaqat
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: لاسته راوړی صداقت
Original: ἐλογίσθη… εἰς δικαιοσύνην / μὴ λογιζόμενος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Root reused exactly for 5:19’s ‘not counting trespasses’ (the negative mirror image of imputed righteousness) and for 5:21’s righteousness of God; the compound must always retain ‘credited/reckoned,’ never ‘earned.‘
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: پخلاینه
Transliteration: pakhlaina
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: سوله (reserved for the resulting peace, not the reconciling act itself), منځګړیتوب (implies a third-party mediator; God in 5:18-19 is the offended party who acts first, not a mediator)
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Reconciliation
New term for 2 Corinthians. Pashtun jirga-mediated peace-settlement culture is a genuine positive bridge but defaults to human-initiated, negotiated, mutual settlement between relative equals. Paul’s reconciliation is God-initiated and unilateral, accomplished while humanity was still hostile (5:18-19); this distinction must be taught explicitly at every occurrence.
Reconciled Verb
Approved rendering: پخلا کول / پخلا کیدل
Transliteration: pakhla kawul / pakhla kedal
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάσσω
Category: Reconciliation
New term for 2 Corinthians. Verb forms across 5:18-20 must render consistently with پخلاینه; deviation risks obscuring that this is one continuous divine action, not several distinct concepts.
Be Reconciled Imperative
Approved rendering: د خدای سره پخلا شئ
Transliteration: da Khudai sara pakhla shai
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: καταλλάγητε τῷ θεῷ
Category: Reconciliation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:20). The imperative must retain its force as a summons to receive, not initiate, an already-accomplished reconciliation; care is needed so the grammatical imperative is not misread as placing the reconciling work on the hearer.
Not Counting Trespasses
Approved rendering: ګناهونه ورته و نه محسوبه شول
Transliteration: gunahoona warta wa na mahsuba shwal
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: μὴ λογιζόμενος τὰ παραπτώματα
Category: Salvation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:19). Must reuse the محسوبه (mahsuba, credited/reckoned) root established in the Romans baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry; a generic ‘forgive’ rendering would obscure the specific forensic-accounting doctrine Paul is making — the negative mirror image of imputed righteousness.
New Creation
Approved rendering: نوی پیدایښت
Transliteration: nawi paidaisht
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: هدایت (hidayat, ‘guidance’ — the Islamic corrective category that would collapse ontological re-creation into mere moral redirection of an unchanged nature)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: New Creation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:17). Islamic fitrah anthropology treats human nature as fixed since creation, needing guidance back to it, not ontological re-creation. Requires explicit, concrete before/after teaching, not an assumed self-evident phrase.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: نوی تړون
Transliteration: nawi tarun
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: New Covenant
New compound for 2 Corinthians (3:6), reusing baseline تړون. Must be distinguished from the Islamic naskh (abrogation) framework, where later revelation simply cancels and replaces earlier revelation as a new legal code; the new covenant fulfills rather than merely supersedes the old, grounded in Christ’s finished work.
Veil
Approved rendering: پرده
Transliteration: parda
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: New Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:13-16). Overwhelmingly evokes purdah, the female modesty-seclusion practice central to Pashtunwali honor codes (namus). No less-loaded alternative exists; must be flagged at every occurrence with clarifying context so it is never heard as commentary on gender seclusion — this is the letter’s single most direct lexical collision.
Power In Weakness
Approved rendering: کمزوري کې قدرت
Transliteration: kamzori ke qodrat
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: زور ورکول (to give strength — would erase the paradox by implying God removes weakness rather than working through it)
Original: δύναμις / ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:7; 11:30; 12:5-10; 13:4). Pashtunwali’s honor-shame code prizes martial strength and courage (nang, tureh); weakness is default shame, never honor. This is the curriculum’s single most acute cultural risk point and requires the same explicit doctrinal bridging as the baseline’s grace/salvation entries at every occurrence.
Third Heaven Paradise
Approved rendering: درېیم آسمان / پردیس
Transliteration: drewaym asman / pardis
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: جنت (jannat — carries dense, specific Qur’anic eschatological content: physical gardens, rivers, houris, entirely absent from Paul’s deliberately reticent account)
Original: τρίτος οὐρανός / παράδεισος
Category: Power in Weakness
New term for 2 Corinthians (12:2-4). پردیس is kept as a transliteration, glossed briefly as ‘the dwelling of God’s presence,’ specifically to avoid importing جنت’s unrelated cosmology onto Paul’s deliberately mysterious, reticent language.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: دروغجن رسولان
Transliteration: drooghjan rasulan
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:13). Doubles the baseline رسول/rasul collision with Muhammad’s defining Qur’anic title; every occurrence must be framed strictly as an internal first-century church dispute over competing claimants, never as general commentary on true/false prophethood categories within Islam.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: د مسیح عیسی خداوند فضل، د خدای مینه، او د روح القدس ملګرتیا
Transliteration: da Masih Isa Khudawand fazal, da Khudai mina, aw da Rooh-ul-Qudus malgartia
Doctrine: Trinitarian Benediction
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: Church
New compound for 2 Corinthians (13:14), reusing فضل, مینه, and ملګرتیا. One of the New Testament’s clearest three-Person benedictions; must preserve all three named Persons distinctly and conjointly. Any simplification that merges or drops one Person undermines the Trinity doctrine this verse most directly attests. Must be rendered verbatim-consistently across all curriculum documents.
Died For All
Approved rendering: د ټولو لپاره مړ شو
Transliteration: da tolo lapara mar sho
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ πάντων
Category: Christology
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:14-15). Shares the same substitutionary-atonement collision documented for ‘salvation’ in the Romans baseline; the nanawatai cultural bridge (submission accepted in place of retaliation) may be invoked, calibrated carefully, never presented as an exact equivalent.
Made Him To Be Sin
Approved rendering: زموږ لپاره یې ګناه وګاڼه
Transliteration: zamung lapara ye gunah wa-ganа
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Christology
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:21). Must never imply Christ’s own moral corruption or loss of sinlessness/deity. Frame as forensic/representative reckoning using the same محسوبه root family as imputed righteousness, always paired in the same breath with ‘who knew no sin’ (ګناه نه پیژندونکی).
Righteousness Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای صداقت
Transliteration: da Khudai sadaqat
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
New compound for 2 Corinthians (5:21), reusing baseline صداقت. God’s own righteous standing credited to believers ‘in him’ — the fullest expression of justification by faith; must be taught as God’s own honor and standing given to the believer, not a performance the believer achieves.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: د دې دنیا مشر (شیطان)
Transliteration: da de dunya mashar (Shaytan)
Doctrine: The God of This Age (Satan’s Usurped Dominion)
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Christology
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:4). خدای must never be applied to this figure even though the Greek literally has θεός; every occurrence requires a ruler/authority term plus explicit parenthetical identification as شیطان, so no reader could conclude two true gods exist or that Satan receives the divine title.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Inherited from Romans package. Must be taught as the NT record itself, not a lost predecessor text, per the tahrif assumption shared across the Islamicate world. In 2 Corinthians this content underlies the ‘message of reconciliation’ (5:19) and ‘aroma of Christ’ (2:14-16); the same corrected framing applies.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Melmastia hospitality-reciprocity collision applies with special force in 2 Corinthians 8-9’s collection: giving described as فضل must not be re-absorbed into an honor-debt logic that obligates repayment. Any segment combining فضل with literal monetary giving (8:1-9; 9:8,14) escalates to theologian review beyond ordinary native-speaker cultural-metaphor routing.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Corinthians (1:24; 4:13; 5:7; 8:7; 10:15; 13:5) for personal trust in Christ, distinct from both Islamic creedal iman and Pashtunwali honor-code loyalty (nang).
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostolic Authority
Inherited from Romans package. Same collision with Muhammad’s defining title as in the baseline, now compounded across 2 Corinthians by sustained internal church dispute over Paul’s legitimacy (chs.10-12) and by the coined ‘false apostles’ term below.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Continues to require the relational, Spirit-wrought sense over ritual-observance holiness throughout 2 Corinthians.
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسان
Transliteration: moqaddasan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Corporate sense for all believers giving to and receiving from one another in the collection context (8:4; 9:1,12; 13:12), not an ascetic elite.
Sin
Approved rendering: ګناه
Transliteration: gunah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Climactic at 5:21, the category into which the sinless Christ was reckoned on the believer’s behalf; must remain distinct from Pashtunwali’s honor-shame-primary ethics (violations of nang).
Covenant
Approved rendering: تړون
Transliteration: tarun
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: New Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Root for the new compound ‘new covenant’ (نوی تړون) below. The biblical covenant is unilaterally initiated by God, not negotiated between equals, as the baseline requires.
Abba
Approved rendering: ابا
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly used in 2 Corinthians’s own text but retained here for cross-document pronoun/family-of-God vocabulary consistency with Romans 8 and with 2 Corinthians’s own Father-of-mercies language.
Ministry Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: د پخلاینې خدمت / پیغام
Transliteration: da pakhlaine khidmat / peyghaam
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: διακονία τῆς καταλλαγῆς / λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Reconciliation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:18-19). Compound of پخلاینه with established خدمت (service) and پیغام (message) vocabulary; must be clear believers proclaim, rather than accomplish, the reconciliation. Connects directly to انجیل (gospel) as the specific proclaimed content.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: سفیر
Transliteration: safir
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Reconciliation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:20). Must convey official, authorized representation carrying the sending authority’s own voice, not a freelance preacher’s personal opinion; anchor explicitly to ‘for Christ’ at first use so it is not heard as a generic political representative.
In Christ
Approved rendering: په مسیح کې
Transliteration: pa Masih ke
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: New Creation
New term for 2 Corinthians, reusing the Romans ‘Christian Identity in Christ’ framing exactly (5:17; also 2:17; 12:19). Identity is located in union with Christ, not tribal genealogy (qawm/khel) or honor-code standing.
Flesh Worldly Standard
Approved rendering: د دنیا معیار
Transliteration: da dunya mi’yar
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: بدن / جسم (literal ‘body’ — would wrongly suggest Paul stopped regarding Christ’s literal humanity)
Original: κατὰ σάρκα
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:16, κατὰ σάρκα). σάρξ is a foundational dual-sense Pauline category (physical body vs. sinful/worldly viewpoint); this idiomatic ‘worldly evaluative standard’ rendering must be checked at each occurrence.
Christ In You
Approved rendering: مسیح په تاسو کې
Transliteration: Masih pa taso ke
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: Christology
New term for 2 Corinthians (13:5). The indwelling reality invoked as the final test of genuine faith; connects directly to ‘Christian Identity in Christ,’ identity located in Christ’s indwelling presence, not tribal genealogy or honor-code standing.
Affliction
Approved rendering: سختي
Transliteration: sakhti
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: مصیبت (musibat — carries strong Islamic fatalistic-trial connotations of suffering as a test whose reward must be earned)
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (1:4,8; 4:8-9; 6:4-10; 11:23-27). سختي is preferred over مصیبت specifically to allow the Pauline comfort-in-affliction pattern to be taught without importing Islamic reward-logic.
Father Of Mercies
Approved rendering: د رحمت پلار
Transliteration: da rahmat plar
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὁ πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν
Category: God
New compound for 2 Corinthians (1:3), reusing baseline پلار (Father). Deliberately warm framing to offset the stern-authority default of patriarchal ‘plar’ in Pashtun family culture.
Godly Grief
Approved rendering: خدايي غم
Transliteration: Khudayi gham
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (7:9-10). Must be sharply distinguished from ordinary worldly regret; this sorrow is God-directed and leads to salvation without regret, unlike shame-driven regret common in honor-shame culture.
Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: دنیايي غم
Transliteration: dunyawi gham
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (7:10). Must be sharply paired against godly grief so learners can distinguish saving sorrow from mere despair or shame-driven regret leading only to death.
Repentance
Approved rendering: توبه
Transliteration: tuba
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (7:9-11). توبه is the standard Islamic ritual repentance term (tawba), often practiced as a formulaic act (istighfar); no unloaded native alternative exists, so it must be anchored at every occurrence to observable, ongoing transformed conduct (7:11), not a one-time verbal formula.
Letter
Approved rendering: لیک
Transliteration: leek
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα
Category: New Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:6-7). Must be kept distinct from روح (Spirit); the contrast is condemnation-by-written-code versus life-by-the-Spirit, not writing versus orality in general.
Spirit In Letter Spirit Contrast
Approved rendering: روح
Transliteration: roh
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πνεῦμα (contrasted with γράμμα)
Category: New Covenant
New usage for 2 Corinthians ch.3, reusing the روح القدس root. πνεῦμα is context-sensitive between ‘the Holy Spirit’ and a general human/covenantal spirit; each ch.3 occurrence must be individually checked before defaulting to روح القدس.
Transformed
Approved rendering: بدلیدل
Transliteration: badledal
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: New Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:18). Must convey ongoing inward, moral-spiritual transformation into Christ’s likeness, not a one-time ritual change or an external behavioral checklist.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: رښتینوالی
Transliteration: rishtinwali
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for 2 Corinthians (1:12; 2:17; 4:2). Addresses live regional suspicion toward foreign or unofficial religious teachers’ true motives; must be anchored to verifiable transparent conduct, not merely an inward claim.
Peddlers Corrupters
Approved rendering: د خدای کلام سوداګري کول
Transliteration: da Khudai kalaam sawdagari kawul
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:17). Must be handled carefully so as not to ironically reinforce the surrounding tahrif assumption about Scripture generally; frame strictly as a charge against specific rival individuals’ conduct, never as commentary on Scripture’s own reliability.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: د خداوند وېره
Transliteration: da Khudawand wira
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Faith
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:11), reusing baseline خداوند. Must be taught as reverent awe before Christ as coming Judge, not the fatalistic terror of divine wrath common in folk piety; anchor explicitly to the specific خداوند of 5:10.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: د مسیح د قضاوت چوکۍ
Transliteration: da Masih da qazawat chawki
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New periphrasis for 2 Corinthians (5:10). Must be distinguished from the Islamic Day of Judgment (qiyamat) deeds-weighing scheme, which lacks a mediating advocate; this is believers’ evaluation before Christ specifically, who is also their advocate.
Generosity
Approved rendering: سخاوت
Transliteration: sakhawat
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης (giving sense)
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (8:2; 9:11,13). سخاوت simultaneously evokes obligatory religious almsgiving (zakat/sadaqa) and melmastia honor-hospitality; no unloaded native alternative exists, so it must be fenced at every occurrence: Paul’s giving flows from received فضل, is voluntary and joy-filled, and creates no repayment obligation or honor-debt.
Sufficient Grace
Approved rendering: زما فضل بس دی
Transliteration: zama fazal bas dai
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀρκεῖ ἡ χάρις
Category: Power in Weakness
New term for 2 Corinthians (12:9), reusing baseline فضل. Must be taught as sufficient provision within ongoing suffering, not a promise of the affliction’s removal, which could otherwise be heard through a health-and-wealth or qadar-fatalism lens.
Signs Of A True Apostle
Approved rendering: نخښې، خوندونه، معجزات
Transliteration: nikhe, khwandoona, mojezaat
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Power in Weakness
New term for 2 Corinthians (12:12). Must be distinguished from the folk-Islamic and regional expectation that a true prophet/messenger’s authenticity is proven primarily by miraculous signs (ayat); Paul subordinates signs to the deeper credential of suffering-marked sincerity.
Betrothed Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: د پاکې پېغلې منګول
Transliteration: da pake peghle mangol
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἡρμοσάμην… παρθένον ἁγνήν
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:2-3). Intersects directly with namus (honor tied to female chastity), among the most sensitive Pashtunwali categories; must be handled pastorally as a corporate-church metaphor only, never heard as commentary on an individual woman’s or family’s honor.
Boasting
Approved rendering: فخر کول
Transliteration: fakhr kawul
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:12; 10:17-18; 11:30; 12:9-10). Pashtunwali’s nang (honor) culture treats public boasting about one’s own or one’s tribe’s achievements as normal and expected; Paul’s paradoxical redefinition — climaxing in boasting in weakness — must be taught explicitly, never softened into generic humility-language that loses the paradox.
Weapons Of Warfare
Approved rendering: روحاني وسلې
Transliteration: rohani wasle
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (10:4). Given the region’s extensive lived experience with literal armed conflict and jihad rhetoric, the روحاني (spiritual) qualifier must never be dropped or abbreviated in any occurrence; anchor strictly to arguments/ideas, never physical violence.
Temple Of The Living God
Approved rendering: د ژوندي خدای معبد
Transliteration: da zhwandi Khudai mabad
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
New term for 2 Corinthians (6:16). Must be taught as the Spirit’s indwelling presence among God’s gathered people, not a physical structure — acutely relevant given the frequent absence of any legal or safe public church building in much of the Pashto-speaking world.
Love
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: Trinitarian Benediction
Rejected alternatives: عشق (ishq — romantic love)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: God
New formal glossary addition for 2 Corinthians, though the underlying Greek term also occurs in Romans without a prior dedicated entry. Central at 5:14 (‘the love of Christ controls us’) and 13:14. Must be distinguished from romantic love or ordinary family affection; this is God’s own self-giving, sacrificial love that compels sacrificial ministry.
Image Of God
Approved rendering: انځور
Transliteration: anzor
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: εἰκών
Category: Christology
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:4; cf. 3:18). Must not be read as sanctioning physical idols/icons given the Islamic prohibition on images of the divine; this is Christ’s nature revealing God’s own character, not a visual depiction.
Obedience Of Christ
Approved rendering: د مسیح اطاعت
Transliteration: da Masih ita’at
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
New usage for 2 Corinthians (10:5), echoing the baseline ‘obedience of faith’ root (د ایمان اطاعت). The goal of apostolic spiritual warfare: bringing every thought into obedience specifically to Christ, not allegiance to Pashtunwali’s competing honor-code or to formal Islamic submission categories.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for the fruit/result of reconciliation (13:11) and must not be merged with پخلاینه (the new reconciliation term below), which denotes the act itself.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: New Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The fading-versus-surpassing contrast between Moses’ veiled glory and the new covenant’s unveiled glory (3:7-18) and the ‘eternal weight of glory’ (4:17) must both be preserved using this exact term.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای قدرت
Transliteration: da Khudai qodrat
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central hinge-word for the ‘Power in Weakness’ doctrine across 2 Corinthians 4, 6, 12-13; must never be diluted to generic human capability.
Intercession
Approved rendering: منځګړیتوب
Transliteration: manzgaritob
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians, reserved for Christ’s ongoing mediating/intercessory role and must NOT substitute for پخلاینه (reconciliation); reconciliation is God’s own direct, unilateral act, not third-party mediation.
Old Passed New Come
Approved rendering: زوړ تېر شو، نوی راغی
Transliteration: zor ter sho, nawi raghay
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν… καινά
Category: New Creation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:17b). Reinforces the new-creation doctrine’s concrete, experiential character; low independent ambiguity once new creation itself is explained.
Comfort
Approved rendering: تسلي
Transliteration: tasalli
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (1:3-7; 7:6-7). Must be anchored to God’s personal, active comfort in Christ, not generic fatalistic resignation; always pair with an explicit agent (e.g. خدای زموږ ته تسلي راکوي) rather than an impersonal passive construction.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: خزانه په خټینو لوښو کې
Transliteration: khazana pa khatino loshо ke
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:7). Also serves the Power in Weakness doctrine: the gospel’s surpassing worth is carried in weak, fragile human ministers so the power is recognizably God’s, not the messenger’s.
Outer Man
Approved rendering: ظاهري انسان
Transliteration: zahiri insan
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:16). The zahir/batin pairing is a recognized regional Sufi-philosophical asset but must not be conflated with Sufi esoteric hidden-knowledge categories; here it is simply body vs. spirit under renewal.
Inner Man
Approved rendering: باطني انسان
Transliteration: batini insan
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:16). See outer_man note; keep to body-vs-spirit renewal, not esoteric hidden-knowledge categories.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: دايمي درانه جلال
Transliteration: daimi drana jalal
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New compound for 2 Corinthians (4:17), reusing baseline جلال (glory). The weight/lightness rhetorical contrast with ‘light, momentary affliction’ should be preserved.
Aroma Of Christ
Approved rendering: د مسیح خوشبویي
Transliteration: da Masih khushbuyi
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ὀσμὴ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:14-16). Figurative sacrificial-cultic image, received differently by the saved and the perishing; low ambiguity once explained.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: د بریا جشن کې بیوتلی
Transliteration: da barya jashan ke biyotali
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Suffering and Comfort
New periphrasis for 2 Corinthians (2:14). Roman military-triumph imagery has no direct Pashtun analogue; requires a brief cultural explanation each time it is used.
Freedom
Approved rendering: آزادي
Transliteration: azadi
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: New Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:17). Freedom from the old covenant’s condemning letter, granted by the Spirit; keep tied specifically to freedom from condemnation, not a generic political-liberty sense.
Minister Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: خدمتګار
Transliteration: khidmatgar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διάκονος
Category: New Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:6). Paul’s self-designation as servant of the life-giving new covenant, contrasted with Moses as minister of the letter; neutral, native-adjacent term.
Conscience
Approved rendering: وجدان
Transliteration: wijdan
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:11). In an honor-shame culture ‘what others think of me’ can silently substitute for ‘what my inner self knows before God’; the God-facing, not peer-facing, orientation must be kept explicit.
Commend Self
Approved rendering: ځان ستایل
Transliteration: dzan stayel
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνιστάνειν ἑαυτούς
Category: Apostolic Authority
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:1; 10:12,18). Contrast between self-validating credentials and validation from the Lord alone.
Equality
Approved rendering: برابري
Transliteration: barabari
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (8:13-14). The goal of the collection: a fair balance among believer communities, not some impoverished and others enriched.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: خوشحاله ورکوونکی
Transliteration: khwakhala warkawunkay
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (9:7). Joy-marked, non-compulsory giving, low ambiguity once the surrounding grace/generosity framework is taught.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: کرل او رېبل
Transliteration: karal aw rebal
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (9:6). Must not be taught as a mechanical health-and-wealth prosperity formula guaranteeing material multiplication.
Christs Self Impoverishment
Approved rendering: فقیر شو
Transliteration: faqir sho
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἐπτώχευσεν
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (8:9). Ties incarnation doctrine directly to giving ethics; must be read alongside the baseline’s Critical-tier تجسد (incarnation) cultural notes.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: د جسم ګنډار
Transliteration: da jism gandar
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
New term for 2 Corinthians (12:7). Must not be over-specified as a particular diagnosis; keep it open as representative of any God-permitted chronic affliction.
Visions And Revelations
Approved rendering: رویاوې او افشا
Transliteration: rooyawe aw ifsha
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ὀπτασία / ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Power in Weakness
New term for 2 Corinthians (12:1,7). Genuine but carefully unboasted-of spiritual experience, low ambiguity once framed within Paul’s reluctant self-disclosure.
Satan
Approved rendering: شیطان
Transliteration: shaytan
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:11; 4:4; 11:14). Broadly shared, compatible content across Islam and Christianity; confirm he is taught as a real personal deceiver, not a symbol of impersonal evil.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: د رڼا پیریشته
Transliteration: da rana pereshta
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:14). Warns against being deceived by appearances of legitimate spiritual authority.
Godly Jealousy
Approved rendering: د خدای لپاره غیرت
Transliteration: da Khudai lapara ghairat
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ζῆλος θεοῦ
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:2). غیرت (honor-zeal) is a loaded Pashtunwali term for protecting family/tribal honor, here repurposed positively for protective zeal over the church’s devotion to Christ.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: توپیر لرونکی یوغ
Transliteration: topir larunkay yog
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἑτεροζυγοῦντες
Category: Church
New term for 2 Corinthians (6:14). Agricultural yoke imagery is broadly intelligible in rural Pashto contexts; warns against compromising partnership between believers and unbelief in core commitments.
Working Together
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا کول
Transliteration: malgartia kawul
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: συνεργοῦντες
Category: Church
New usage for 2 Corinthians (6:1), reusing baseline ملګرتیا root. Believers as co-workers in receiving and not nullifying God’s grace.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: مقدس سلام
Transliteration: moqaddas salaam
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
New term for 2 Corinthians (13:12). Literal physical kissing as a cross-gender or even some same-gender greeting is culturally inappropriate or impossible in conservative Pashtun social settings; must be taught as reflecting first-century family-greeting warmth, adapted appropriately (handshake, embrace between same-gender believers, or a warm verbal greeting), never as a literal universal command.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: د ځمکې خیمه
Transliteration: da dzmake khema
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ἐπίγειος οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους
Category: Faith
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:1). The present body as a temporary tent, contrasted with the permanent heavenly dwelling to come; figurative, low ambiguity once explained.
Building From God
Approved rendering: د خدای ودانۍ
Transliteration: da Khudai wodani
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ
Category: Faith
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:1). The resurrection body, God-given and eternal, replacing the present temporary tent; ties to resurrection-of-the-body doctrine.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: شکر
Transliteration: shukr
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout 2 Corinthians (1:11; 2:14; 4:15; 8:16; 9:11-12,15); also a major Islamic virtue, broadly compatible and low risk.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا
Transliteration: malgartia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: شراکت
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never شراکت (shirk-root collision). Appears at 6:14, 8:4, and in the Trinitarian benediction (13:14).
Persuade
Approved rendering: قانع کول
Transliteration: qani kawul
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πείθω
Category: Faith
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:11; cf. 2:17; 4:2). Must remain distinguished from manipulative or coercive persuasion, consistent with the sincerity doctrine.
Examine Yourselves
Approved rendering: ځان معاینه کړئ
Transliteration: dzan mu’ayana kra
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: δοκιμάζετε ἑαυτούς
Category: False Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (13:5). Final self-examination call, tied back to 5:17’s union-with-Christ identity doctrine.
Referenced passages