Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Thessalonians — English → Pashto
This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering 2 Thessalonians chapters 1-3 in full. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked “Reused — Romans TM” and must be rendered with the exact recorded Pashto term; no deviation is permitted per the hard rule that established renderings govern this curriculum. Terms newly introduced by 2 Thessalonians are marked “New — 2 Thessalonians” and are proposed here for formal addition to translation memory.
Risk tier definitions follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json: Critical = human theologian review at every occurrence; High = human theologian review; Medium = native speaker review; Low = automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | Greek | Pashto (reused exactly) | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Occurrences in 2 Thessalonians |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | خدای | Khudai | Critical | 1:1,2; 2:4,11,13,16; 3:5 |
| Lord | κύριος | خداوند | Khudawand | Critical | 1:1,2,7,8,9,12; 2:1,2,8,13,14,16; 3:1,3,4,5,6,12,16,18 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | عیسی | Isa | Critical | 1:1,2,7,8,12; 2:1,8,14,16; 3:6,12,18 |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός | مسیح | Masih | Critical | 1:1,2,8,12; 2:1,14,16; 3:5,6,12,18 |
| Father | πατήρ | پلار | plar | Critical | 1:1,2; 2:16 |
| grace | χάρις | فضل | fazal | High | 1:2,12; 2:16; 3:18 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | سوله | sola | Medium | 1:2; 3:16 |
| faith | πίστις | ایمان | iman | High | 1:3,4,11; 2:13; 3:2 |
| church | ἐκκλησία | کلیسا | kalisa | Critical | 1:1,4 (implicit “churches of God”) |
| saints/holy ones | ἅγιοι | مقدسان | moqaddasan | Medium | 1:10 |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | تقدیس | taqdis | High | 2:13 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | روح القدس | Rooh-ul-Qudus | Critical | 2:13 (contrast with false πνεῦμα in 2:2 — see new-term entry below) |
| calling | κλῆσις | بلنه | balana | Medium | 1:11 |
| called | κλητός / καλέω | بلل شوی | balal shaway | High | 2:14 |
| election / choose | ἐκλογή / αἱρέομαι | غوره کول | ghwara kawul | High | 2:13 |
| salvation | σωτηρία | نجات | nejat | Critical | 2:10,13 |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | انجیل | Injil | High | 1:8; 2:14 |
| glory | δόξα | جلال | jalal | Medium | 1:9,10,12; 2:14 |
| kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | د خدای پاچاهي | da Khudai pachahi | Medium | 1:5 |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | د خدای قدرت | da Khudai qodrat | Medium | 1:7,11; 2:9 |
| exhort/encourage (context: build up) | παρακαλέω | هڅول | hakol | Low | 2:17 |
| exhort/admonish (context: entreat) | παρακαλέω | نصیحت کول | nasihat kawul | Low | 3:15 (paired with νουθετέω) |
| Paul | Παῦλος | پولوس | Pulos | — | 1:1; 3:17 |
| righteousness/righteous (root) | δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος | صداقت / صادق | sadaqat / sadiq | Critical | 1:5,6,9,12 (root family) |
| fellowship (root, negated at 3:14) | κοινωνία-adjacent, ملګرتیا root | ملګرتیا | malgartia | Low | 3:14 (negated: “do not associate”) |
B. New Terms Introduced by 2 Thessalonians (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)
B.1 — Critical Risk (mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Proposed Pashto | Pashto Transliteration | Doctrine | Alternatives Rejected | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| day of the Lord | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου | hēmera tou kyriou | ”day of the Lord” | د خداوند ورځ | da Khudawand wradz | The Day of the Lord | د خدای ورځ (too generic; loses the Christological Lordship anchor) | Collides with the widely-taught Islamic “Day of Judgment” (د قیامت ورځ) deeds-weighing framework; must be taught as Christ-centered, grace-based, and tied to his own supreme Lordship (خداوند), not a generic divine-judgment day. |
| coming / parousia | παρουσία | parousia | ”presence, arrival” | راتګ | ratg | The Day of the Lord | — | Collides directly with the Sunni “Return of Isa” (نزول عيسی) tradition, in which Jesus returns as a subordinate prophet denying his own deity/lordship. Every occurrence must be explicitly anchored to Christ’s supreme Lordship. |
| the rebellion / apostasy | ἀποστασία | apostasia | ”standing away, defection, revolt” | بغاوت | baghawat | Standing Firm in the Traditions / Man of Lawlessness | ارتداد (REJECTED — the precise Islamic legal term for a Muslim’s apostasy from Islam, carrying life-threatening legal danger in Taliban-controlled areas; must never be used) | Using the rejected alternative would import a capital-crime legal category into an unrelated exegetical discussion and endanger readers/teachers by association. |
| man of lawlessness | ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | anthropos tes anomias | ”the man of lawlessness” | د بې قانونۍ سړی | da be-qanuni saray | The Man of Lawlessness | — | Maps closely onto the Sunni end-times figure of al-Masih ad-Dajjal; must be explicitly compared and contrasted, not silently conflated. Must not reuse ناموس (reserved for Mosaic Law in the Romans baseline). |
| son of destruction | υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | huios tes apoleias | ”son of destruction/perdition” | د تباهۍ زوی | da tabahi zoy | The Man of Lawlessness | — | Reuses زوی (son), the same root as the Critical baseline term د خدای زوی (Son of God). Must be flagged at every occurrence as an unrelated Semitic idiom of destiny/characterization, sharing no theological connection to Christ’s unique Sonship. |
| temple of God | ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | naos tou theou | ”shrine/sanctuary of God” | د خدای معبد | da Khudai ma’bad | The Man of Lawlessness | — | Interpretive ambiguity (literal rebuilt temple vs. the Church) must not be resolved by the term choice. Also intersects the highly sensitive, contested contemporary Temple Mount/al-Aqsa/Dome of the Rock site; requires security-conscious pastoral framing. |
| working of delusion / strong delusion | ἐνέργεια πλάνης | energeia planes | ”a working/operation of error” | د تېروتنې ځواک | da terotane dzwak | God’s Righteous Judgment | — | States that God himself sends this delusion; intersects sharply with Islamic qadar (divine predetermination of misguidance). Must be taught explicitly as God’s righteous judicial response to prior rejection of truth (v.10), never as arbitrary or causeless. |
| vengeance / retribution | ἐκδίκησις | ekdikēsis | ”vindication through retribution” | غچ اخيستل | ghach akhistal | God’s Righteous Judgment | — | Directly engages the Pashtunwali badal (blood-revenge) cultural framework already flagged Critical in the baseline (salvation, intercession entries). Must be taught as God’s own sovereign judicial prerogative (cf. Romans 12:19), explicitly NOT a warrant for human badal cycles. |
| eternal destruction | ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον | olethron aionion | ”eternal ruin” | تلپاتې هلاکت | talpate halakat | God’s Righteous Judgment | — | Eternal-punishment doctrine; render literally without softening severity or resolving the eternal-conscious-punishment-vs-annihilation debate. |
| God’s righteous judgment | δικαία κρίσις τοῦ θεοῦ | dikaia krisis tou theou | ”the righteous verdict/judgment of God” | د خدای صادقه قضاوت | da Khudai sadiqa qazawat | God’s Righteous Judgment (doctrine name) | عادلانه قضاوت (considered — rejected as primary in favor of reusing the established صداقت/صادق root for cross-curriculum consistency; may be used as a supplementary gloss) | Positive resonance: both traditions affirm divine justice. Distinguishing content — judgment based on response to Christ and the truth, not a deeds-weighing mizan scale — must be taught explicitly. |
| traditions (apostolic teaching) | παράδοσις | paradosis | ”that which is handed down” | لیږدل شوی تعلیم | lezdal shaway ta’lim | Standing Firm in the Traditions (doctrine name) | روایت (REJECTED — the precise Islamic technical term for a transmitted Hadith report with its own isnad chain of authority; would wrongly suggest apostolic teaching is an equivalent parallel corpus to Hadith); دود (REJECTED as sole rendering — flattens Paul’s authoritative apostolic teaching into mere Pashtunwali-style customary practice) | The single closest religious-vocabulary collision point in this curriculum. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence (2:15; 3:6). |
B.2 — High Risk (human theologian review required)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Proposed Pashto | Pashto Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| perseverance / endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | ”steadfast remaining-under” | زغم | zaghm | Perseverance under Persecution (doctrine name) | Genuine positive overlap with صبر (sabr, a major Islamic virtue), but Pauline ὑπομονή is specifically hope-anchored (Christ’s return, final vindication), not fatalistic patience under qadar. Must be taught explicitly against a purely fatalistic default. |
| persecution | διωγμός | diōgmos | ”hostile pursuit” | ځورونه | dzorona | Perseverance under Persecution | Lived, present-day reality for the readership; handle with full pastoral/safety sensitivity, not as an abstract category. |
| revealed / unveiled | ἀποκαλύπτω | apokalyptō | ”to uncover, unveil” | څرګند کیدل / ښکاره کیدل | tsergand kedal / shkara kedal | Man of Lawlessness / Day of the Lord | Recurring key verb (2:3,6,8; cf. 1:7’s ἀποκάλυψις). Must not evoke Quranic wahy (verbatim scripture-revelation) — this is the unveiling of a person/event, not a revealed text. Render consistently across all occurrences. |
| the restrainer / restraining thing | τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων | to katechon / ho katechōn | ”that which/he who holds back” | ایسارونکی شی (neuter sense, v.6) / ایسارونکی (personal, v.7) | aisarawunkay shay / aisarawunkay | Man of Lawlessness | One of the most debated interpretive cruxes in the NT. The Pashto rendering must preserve — not resolve — the Greek’s own shift from impersonal (v.6) to personal (v.7) description. Do not select a term that presupposes one specific identification (Empire, Spirit, angel, etc.). |
| lawless one | ἄνομος | anomos | ”without-law one” | بې قانونه | be-qanuna | Man of Lawlessness | Adjectival shorthand for د بې قانونۍ سړی; keep consistent across 2:3 and 2:8. |
| lawlessness (abstract) | ἀνομία | anomia | ”without-law-ness” | بې قانونتوب | be-qanuntob | Man of Lawlessness | Deliberately distinct from ناموس (the baseline’s reserved term for Mosaic Law in Romans); this is general cosmic moral rebellion, not Torah violation. |
| glorious appearing | ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας | epiphaneia tēs parousias | ”the shining-forth of his coming” | ښکاره کیدنه (paired with راتګ) | shkara kedana | Day of the Lord | Reinforce the fully public, visible nature of Christ’s return, directly countering any framing of a hidden or contested return. |
| signs and wonders (false) | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους | sēmeia kai terata pseudous | ”signs and wonders of falsehood” | درواغجن نښې او عجایب | drwaghjan nishe aw ajaib | Man of Lawlessness | Genitive ψεύδους must clearly qualify the whole triad as counterfeit. Real point of contact with regional belief in jinn/sorcery phenomena — warn against being deceived by real supernatural displays lacking a divine source, not merely dismiss as trickery. |
| love (of the truth) | ἀγάπη | agapē | ”committed, willing love” | مینه | mina | God’s Righteous Judgment / general | New addition to TM (absent from Romans baseline). Can carry romantic connotation in ordinary Pashto usage; context (God’s or the gospel’s committed love) must always be made explicit. |
| believe the lie | πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει | pisteusai tō pseudei | ”to believe the falsehood” | درواغو ته ایمان راوړل | drwagho ta iman rawrhral | God’s Righteous Judgment | Reuses ایمان (the verb of saving faith) ironically directed at falsehood; teach that faith’s object determines its value. |
| standing firm | στήκετε | stēkete | ”stand, stand firm” | ټینګ ودریږئ | teng wadrezai | Standing Firm in the Traditions (doctrine name) | Pair consistently with لیږدل شوی تعلیم (traditions) at 2:15. |
| command (apostolic) | παραγγέλλω | parangellō | ”to charge/command with authority” | امر کول | amr kawul | Standing Firm in the Traditions | Stronger than a suggestion; invoked “in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ” (3:6,12) — apostolic authority, not personal opinion. |
| walking disorderly / idleness | ἀτάκτως περιπατέω | ataktōs peripateō | ”walking out of formation” | بې نظمه ګرځېدل | be-nazma gurdzedal | Standing Firm in the Traditions | Church-discipline term (3:6,11); teach alongside 3:14-15 as corrective, not punitive-exclusionary, given strong regional honor-shame dynamics. |
| be ashamed (corrective) | ἐντραπῇ | entrapē | ”be put to shame” (restoratively) | شرمېدل | sharmedal | Standing Firm in the Traditions | Restorative shame aimed at return to fellowship (3:15), not vindictive exclusion — consistent with, not contrary to, the baseline’s honor-restoration framing of justification. |
B.3 — Medium Risk (native speaker review recommended)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Proposed Pashto | Pashto Transliteration | Doctrine | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gathering together | ἐπισυναγωγή | episynagoge | راټولېدنه | ratoledana | Day of the Lord | Do not resolve unstated rapture-sequencing questions the text leaves open. |
| the opponent / adversary | ἀντικείμενος | antikeimenos | مخالف | mukhalif | Man of Lawlessness | Conceptual (not lexical) link to شیطان; note but do not conflate lexically. |
| object of worship | σέβασμα | sebasma | د لمانځنې شی | da lmanzane shay | Man of Lawlessness | Ensure phrase reads as “everything venerated as divine” generically, not a critique of any named contemporary practice. |
| mystery | μυστήριον | mysterion | راز | raaz | Man of Lawlessness | Clarify as a disclosed/disclosable divine truth, not a permanently hidden Sufi-style esoteric secret. |
| Satan’s working/activity | ἐνέργεια (τοῦ Σατανᾶ) | energeia (tou Satana) | فعالیت / زور | fa’aliyat / zor | Man of Lawlessness | Confirm شیطان maps to the biblical Satan (accuser, deceiver, defeated enemy), not assuming full equivalence with every Iblis-narrative detail. |
| unrighteousness / injustice | ἀδικία | adikia | ناانصافي | na-insafi | God’s Righteous Judgment | Teach as direct semantic opposite of صداقت (righteousness, Critical in baseline). |
| those who are perishing | ἀπολλύμενοι | apollymenoi | هلاکېدونکي | halakedunki | God’s Righteous Judgment | Shares root with د تباهۍ زوی (son of destruction); note the connection for careful readers. |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | رښتیا | rishtia | God’s Righteous Judgment / general | Native Pashto word deliberately preferred over an Arabic-derived alternative rooted in الحق (al-Haqq, a divine name in Islam) to avoid unintended divine-name association at every occurrence. |
| judgment (verb: be judged) | κρίνω / κριθῶσιν | krinō / krithōsin | قضاوت کیدل / محکوم کیدل | qazawat kedal / mahkum kedal | God’s Righteous Judgment | Pair with صادق root for “righteous judgment” compound; see Critical entry above. |
| firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | aparchē | لومړنۍ حاصلات | lumrhani hasilat | God’s Righteous Judgment / Election | Agricultural metaphor requiring brief explanation; low collision otherwise. |
| God is faithful | πιστός (of God) | pistos | وفادار | wafadar | Perseverance under Persecution | Distinct from ایمان (human trust in God); describes God’s own reliable character. |
| the evil one / evil (ambiguous) | τοῦ πονηροῦ | tou ponērou | له بدۍ / له شیطان څخه | le badai / le Shaitan tsa | Perseverance under Persecution | Grammatically ambiguous in Greek (masc./neut.); preserve the ambiguity rather than resolving it. |
| affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | تکلیف | takleef | Perseverance under Persecution | Lived reality for the readership; pastoral sensitivity required. |
| persecution-recompense wordplay | θλῖψιν τοῖς θλίβουσιν | thlipsin tois thlibousin | تکلیف (both occurrences) | takleef | God’s Righteous Judgment | Recommend same Pashto word both times to preserve the Greek’s deliberate symmetry; confirm natural phrasing with native speaker. |
| rest / relief | ἄνεσις | anesis | آرام | aaram | Day of the Lord | Promised relief for the persecuted at Christ’s return. |
| mark / take note of | σημειόω | sēmeioō | نښه کول | nishe kawul | Standing Firm in the Traditions | Same root نښه also used at 3:17 for Paul’s authenticating signature and at 2:9 for false “signs” — disambiguate by context in every instance. |
| deliver / rescue | ῥύομαι | rhyomai | ژغورل کیدل | zhoral kedal | Perseverance under Persecution | Concrete prayer for protection from active hostile opposition. |
| withdraw from (church discipline) | στέλλεσθαι | stellesthai | ډډه کول / لرې کیدل | ddda kawul | Standing Firm in the Traditions | Teach as limited, corrective social distance, not enmity (cf. 3:15). |
B.4 — Low Risk (automated review sufficient)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Proposed Pashto | Pashto Transliteration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shaken/unsettled | σαλεύω | saleuō | ښوکول کیدل | oshkawul kedal | Standard vocabulary. |
| mind | νοῦς | nous | عقل / فکر | aql / fikr | Broadly shared vocabulary. |
| alarmed/troubled | θροέω | throeō | اندېښمن کیدل | andeshman kedal | Standard vocabulary. |
| word (spoken) | λόγος | logos | خبره / وینا | khabara / wina | Standard vocabulary. |
| letter | ἐπιστολή | epistolē | لیک | leek | Standard vocabulary. |
| has come/arrived | ἐνίστημι | enistēmi | راغلې ده | raghle da | Preserve perfect-tense “already arrived” nuance. |
| deceive | ἐξαπατάω | exapataō | تېر باسول / دوکه کول | ter basawul / dhoka kawul | Standard vocabulary. |
| boast (positive) | ἐγκαυχάομαι | enkauchaomai | ویاړل | wyaral | Positive, warranted pride. |
| repay / recompense | ἀνταποδίδωμι | antapodidōmi | بدله ورکول | badla warkawal | Standard vocabulary. |
| angels | ἄγγελοι | angeloi | پرښتې | preshte | Standard vocabulary. |
| flaming fire | πῦρ φλογός | pyr phlogos | د اور لمبې | da awr lambe | Standard vocabulary. |
| to know (a person) | εἴδω/οἶδα | eidō/oida | پیژندل | pizhandal | Distinct from factual “knowing.” |
| to obey | ὑπακούω | hypakouō | اطاعت کول | ita’at kawul | Reuses established د ایمان اطاعت root. |
| spread/run (gospel) | τρέχω | trechō | خپرېدل | khparedal | Inherits Critical evangelism-safety flag from baseline at the activity level, not the word level. |
| to have confidence | πείθω (perfect) | pepoitha | باور لرل | bawar larel | Distinct from ایمان (saving faith). |
| to direct/guide | κατευθύνω | kateuthynō | لارښوونه کول | larshuna kawul | Standard vocabulary. |
| to imitate | μιμέομαι | mimeomai | زموږ بېلګې ته پیروي کول | — | Avoid تقلید due to Islamic legal-school (taqlid) connotation. |
| to work | ἐργάζομαι | ergazomai | کار کول | kar kawul | Standard vocabulary. |
| busybody / meddler | περιεργάζομαι | periergazomai | د نورو کارونو کې لاسوهنه کول | — | Wordplay with ἐργάζομαι hard to preserve; flag for stylistic review. |
| grow weary | ἐγκακέω | enkakeō | ستړی کیدل | stari kedal | Standard vocabulary. |
| enemy | ἐχθρός | echthros | دښمن | dushman | Standard vocabulary. |
| sign/authenticating mark | σημεῖον (3:17 sense) | sēmeion | نښه | nishe | Distinguish from counterfeit “signs” sense (2:9) and disciplinary “mark” sense (3:14) by context. |
| the lie / falsehood | ψεῦδος | pseudos | درواغ | drwagh | Standard vocabulary. |
| eternal comfort / good hope | παράκλησις αἰωνία / ἐλπὶς ἀγαθή | paraklēsis aiōnia / elpis agathē | تلپاتې تسلی / ښه هیله | talpate tasali / kha hila | Standard devotional vocabulary. |
| establish/strengthen | στηρίζω | stērizō | ټینګول | tengawul | Pairs with ټینګ ودریدل (stand firm). |
| obtain (glory) | περιποίησις | peripoiēsis | ترلاسه کول | tarlasa kawul | Standard vocabulary. |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Five Core Doctrines)
| Core Doctrine | Primary Passages | Key Terms (this glossary) |
|---|---|---|
| The Day of the Lord | 2:1-2; 1:7-10 | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου (د خداوند ورځ), παρουσία (راتګ), ἐπισυναγωγή (راټولېدنه), ἀποκάλυψις (ښکاره کیدل/کیدنه), ἐπιφάνεια (ښکاره کیدنه) |
| The Man of Lawlessness | 2:3-10 | ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας (د بې قانونۍ سړی), υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (د تباهۍ زوی), ἀντικείμενος (مخالف), ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ (د خدای معبد), τὸ/ὁ κατέχον/κατέχων (ایسارونکی/ایسارونکی شی), μυστήριον (راز), σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους (درواغجن نښې او عجایب) |
| Perseverance under Persecution | 1:4-7; 3:2-5 | ὑπομονή (زغم), διωγμός (ځورونه), θλῖψις (تکلیف), πιστός (of God) (وفادار), ῥύομαι (ژغورل کیدل) |
| God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:5-9; 2:10-12 | δικαία κρίσις τοῦ θεοῦ (د خدای صادقه قضاوت), ἐκδίκησις (غچ اخيستل), ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος (تلپاتې هلاکت), ἐνέργεια πλάνης (د تېروتنې ځواک), ἀδικία (ناانصافي), κρίνω (قضاوت کیدل) |
| Standing Firm in the Traditions | 2:15; 3:6-15 | παράδοσις (لیږدل شوی تعلیم), στήκετε/κρατεῖτε (ټینګ ودریدل/نیول), ἀτάκτως περιπατέω (بې نظمه ګرځېدل), ἐντραπῇ (شرمېدل), νουθετέω (نصیحت کول / پند ورکول) |
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All Section A terms must be enforced exactly as recorded there. Section B terms are proposed additions pending formal translation memory version increment per the Pre-flight Checklist procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: خدای
Transliteration: Khudai
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2 Thess 1:1,2; 2:4,11,13,16; 3:5. Note 2:4’s ironic use, where the man of lawlessness falsely claims to be خدای — the sharp contrast between the true and false divinity claims must be preserved, not softened.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khudawand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Pervasive throughout 2 Thessalonians (1:1,2,7,8,9,12; 2:1,2,8,13,14,16; 3:1,3,4,5,6,12,16,18), including the distinctive title ‘the Lord of peace’ (3:16, د سولې خداوند). Every occurrence anchors the Day of the Lord doctrine to Christ’s own supreme Lordship, directly countering the Sunni ‘Return of Isa’ (نزول عيسی) narrative of a subordinate, non-divine prophet’s return.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs consistently in the fixed triple-title formula ‘our Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:1,2,7,8,12; 2:1,8,14,16; 3:6,12,18).
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1,2,8,12; 2:1,14,16; 3:5,6,12,18, always within the fixed triple title.
Father
Approved rendering: پلار
Transliteration: plar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1,2; 2:16, always paired with خداوند عیسی مسیح. This letter’s persecution context (2:16-17, ‘comfort your hearts’) makes the comforting, protective sense of Fatherhood especially important to surface against پلار’s stern-authority default connotation in Pashtun patriarchal culture.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسا
Transliteration: kalisa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged; امت remains forbidden. Occurs 1:1,4. This letter’s own persecution context (1:4-7) directly confirms the baseline’s guidance to teach church as a dispersed, often secret, house-church community, not a public building.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: Rooh-ul-Qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:13 (true sanctifying work) and must be sharply distinguished from the generic, possibly false πνεῦμα (‘a spirit/claimed revelation’) warned against at 2:2 — see claimed_spirit_message entry. Never conflate the two; conflating them would make Paul say the true Holy Spirit taught the very error he is refuting.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:10 (rejected, resulting in judgment) and 2:13 (chosen for salvation) — the same chapter presents both offer and forfeiture of نجات, a pedagogically important contrast.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: صداقت / صادق
Transliteration: sadaqat / sadiq
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (root family). Occurs 1:5,6,9,12 underlying this book’s own core doctrine of God’s Righteous Judgment; the new compound term gods_righteous_judgment is built directly on this root for cross-curriculum consistency.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای زوی
Transliteration: da Khudai zoy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly re-used as a title in 2 Thessalonians’ own text, but recorded here because ‘son of destruction’ (see son_of_destruction entry, 2:3) shares its head noun زوی; mandatory disambiguation footnote required at every occurrence of either term in this curriculum.
Law
Approved rendering: ناموس
Transliteration: namus
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: شریعت
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged; reserved exclusively for the Mosaic Law/Torah. Explicitly NOT to be reused for ἀνομία’s cosmic-rebellion sense in 2 Thessalonians 2:3,7 (see lawlessness entry) — this distinction preserves the baseline’s carefully engineered three-way separation between Mosaic Law, shari’a, and Pashtunwali.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: د خداوند ورځ
Transliteration: da Khudawand wradz
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: د خدای ورځ
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Collides with the widely-preached Sunni ‘Day of Judgment’ (د قیامت ورځ) deeds-weighing framework. خداوند must never be dropped in favor of a generic خدای, to preserve the Christological Lordship anchor. Occurs 2:1-2; cf. 1:7-10, 2:8.
Parousia
Approved rendering: راتګ
Transliteration: ratg
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Directly collides with the Sunni ‘Return of Isa’ (نزول عيسی) tradition, in which Jesus returns as a subordinate, non-divine prophet who eventually dies a natural death. Every occurrence must be explicitly anchored to خداوند. Occurs 2:1,8,9.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: بغاوت
Transliteration: baghawat
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ارتداد
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ارتداد (irtidad) is the precise Islamic legal term for a Muslim’s apostasy from Islam, carrying the death penalty under some interpretations enforced in Taliban-controlled areas — the single most dangerous forbidden substitution in this curriculum. بغاوت (rebellion/revolt) avoids this fatal legal-danger association. Occurs 2:3.
Man Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: د بې قانونۍ سړی
Transliteration: da be-qanuni saray
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: الدجال / مسیح الدجال, ناموس-based rendering
Original: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Maps closely onto the Sunni end-times figure al-Masih ad-Dajjal; must be explicitly compared and contrasted, never silently conflated or transliterated as الدجال. Must not reuse ناموس (reserved for Mosaic Law). Occurs 2:3.
Son Of Destruction
Approved rendering: د تباهۍ زوی
Transliteration: da tabahi zoy
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Reuses زوی (son), the identical root as the Critical baseline term د خدای زوی (Son of God). Must be flagged at every occurrence as an unrelated Semitic idiom of destiny/characterization (cf. Ephesians 2:2 ‘sons of disobedience’), sharing no theological relationship whatsoever with Christ’s unique Sonship. Occurs 2:3.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای معبد
Transliteration: da Khudai ma’bad
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Interpretive ambiguity (literal rebuilt Jerusalem temple vs. the Church vs. symbolic seat of authority) must not be resolved by the term choice. The historical Temple Mount site is today occupied by the Dome of the Rock/al-Aqsa Mosque, among the most contested religious sites in the Muslim world; requires security-conscious framing. Occurs 2:4.
Working Of Delusion
Approved rendering: د تېروتنې ځواک
Transliteration: da terotane dzwak
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἐνέργεια πλάνης
Category: Judgment
NEW. States that God himself sends this delusion, intersecting sharply with Islamic qadar doctrine (cf. the Quranic ‘Allah leads astray whom He wills’). Must be taught explicitly as God’s righteous judicial response to a prior, freely-made rejection of truth (2:10), never as arbitrary divine authorship of evil. Occurs 2:11.
Vengeance
Approved rendering: غچ اخيستل
Transliteration: ghach akhistal
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment
NEW. Directly engages the Pashtunwali badal (blood-revenge) cultural framework already flagged Critical in the baseline (salvation, intercession entries). Must be taught as God’s own sovereign judicial prerogative (cf. Romans 12:19), explicitly NOT a warrant for human badal cycles of retaliation. Occurs 1:8.
Eternal Destruction
Approved rendering: تلپاتې هلاکت
Transliteration: talpate halakat
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
NEW. Must be rendered literally without softening its eternality or severity; must also not prematurely resolve the eternal-conscious-punishment-versus-annihilation debate that the wording itself leaves open. Occurs 1:9.
Gods Righteous Judgment
Approved rendering: د خدای صادقه قضاوت
Transliteration: da Khudai sadiqa qazawat
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: عادلانه قضاوت
Original: δικαία κρίσις τοῦ θεοῦ / κρίνω
Category: Judgment
NEW, core doctrine compound. Built on the established صداقت/صادق root for cross-curriculum consistency. Both traditions affirm divine justice as shared positive resource; the distinguishing content — judgment based on response to Christ and the truth, not a deeds-weighing mizan scale — must be taught explicitly. Occurs 1:5-9; 2:10-12.
Traditions
Approved rendering: لیږدل شوی تعلیم
Transliteration: lezdal shaway ta’lim
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: روایت, دود
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Tradition
NEW, core doctrine term. The single closest religious-vocabulary collision point in this curriculum. روایت is the precise Islamic Hadith-transmission term (with its own isnad chain); دود flattens apostolic teaching into mere Pashtunwali custom. The periphrastic لیږدل شوی تعلیم is mandatory at every occurrence. Occurs 2:15; 3:6.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: fazal
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2,12; 2:16; 3:18. The Pashtunwali melmastia reciprocity risk documented in the baseline applies identically. 2:16-17’s ‘eternal comfort and good hope by grace’ must be taught as God’s free gift underlying believers’ capacity to stand firm, not an achievement earning further favor.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:3,4,11; 2:13; 3:2. 2:11’s ironic ‘believe the lie’ (see believe_the_lie entry) reuses this identical verb ironically; faith’s object, not the act of believing, determines its saving or destructive value.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdis
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: پاکوالی
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged; پاکوالی remains forbidden. Occurs 2:13, paired directly with روح القدس and غوره کول (election) — teach as one unified statement of God’s saving work, distinguished from the false πνεῦμα warned against at 2:2.
Called
Approved rendering: بلل شوی
Transliteration: balal shaway
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:14 (‘he called you through our gospel’) — the effectual-calling sense, paired with election and sanctification in the same verse.
Election
Approved rendering: غوره کول
Transliteration: ghwara kawul
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλογή / αἱρέομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:13 (‘God chose you as firstfruits’); reinforce that election is God’s free redemptive choice unrelated to tribal lineage or bloodline status — the Gentile Thessalonian readers had no Jewish bloodline claim, a useful teaching example against qawm/khel-based spiritual hierarchy.
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injil
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: زیری
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:8; 2:14; 3:1. 1:8 pairs disobedience to the gospel directly with judgment vocabulary (غچ اخيستل, تلپاتې هلاکت); 3:1’s prayer for the gospel’s spread inherits the baseline’s Critical evangelism-safety flag.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: د ایمان اطاعت
Transliteration: da iman ita’at
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root reused at 1:8 (‘do not obey the gospel’) to keep obedience-of-faith vocabulary consistent across both curricula.
Mission
Approved rendering: ماموریت
Transliteration: ma’muriyat
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies 3:1’s prayer that ‘the word of the Lord may spread rapidly’; open evangelism carries severe, potentially life-threatening legal and social risk for this readership.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: زغم
Transliteration: zaghm
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
NEW, core doctrine term. Genuine positive overlap with صبر (sabr, a major Islamic virtue), but Pauline ὑπομονή is specifically hope-anchored in Christ’s return (1:5,7; 3:5), not fatalistic acceptance of qadar; teach this distinction explicitly. Occurs 1:4; 3:5.
Persecution
Approved rendering: ځورونه / تکلیف
Transliteration: dzorona / takleef
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: διωγμός / θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Describes present, lived reality for this readership, not an abstract category; handle with full pastoral sensitivity. Occurs 1:4,6, including the deliberate wordplay θλῖψιν τοῖς θλίβουσιν (‘affliction to those who afflict’).
Revealed Unveiled
Approved rendering: څرګند کیدل / ښکاره کیدل
Transliteration: tsergand kedal / shkara kedal
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀποκαλύπτω / ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Recurring key verb (2:3,6,8; cf. 1:7’s ἀποκάλυψις). Must not evoke Quranic وحی (verbatim scripture-revelation) — this is the unveiling of a person/event, not a revealed text. Render consistently across all occurrences.
Restrainer
Approved rendering: ایسارونکی شی / ایسارونکی
Transliteration: aisarawunkay shay / aisarawunkay
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων
Category: Eschatology
NEW. One of the most debated interpretive cruxes in the NT. Must preserve, not resolve, the Greek’s own grammatical shift from impersonal (v.6, neuter) to personal (v.7, masculine); must not select a term presupposing one specific identification (empire, Spirit, angel, etc.). Occurs 2:6-7.
Lawless One
Approved rendering: بې قانونه
Transliteration: be-qanuna
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Adjectival shorthand title; keep consistent with د بې قانونۍ سړی (v.3) so learners recognize this as the same figure. Occurs 2:8.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: بې قانونتوب
Transliteration: be-qanuntob
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ناموس
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Deliberately distinct from ناموس (reserved for Mosaic Law); this is general cosmic moral rebellion, not Torah violation. Occurs 2:3,7.
Glorious Appearing
Approved rendering: ښکاره کیدنه
Transliteration: shkara kedana
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἡ ἐπιφάνεια τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Paired with راتګ (parousia). Reinforces that Christ’s return is publicly, visibly undeniable, directly countering any framing of a hidden or contested return. Occurs 2:8.
False Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: درواغجن نښې او عجایب
Transliteration: drwaghjan nishe aw ajaib
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The genitive ‘of falsehood’ must clearly qualify the whole triad as counterfeit. Given regional belief in jinn-worked wonders and sorcery (jadu), warn against being deceived by real supernatural displays lacking a divine source — not dismiss as mere trickery only. Occurs 2:9.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: مینه
Transliteration: mina
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW addition to translation memory, absent from the Romans baseline. مینه can carry romantic connotation in ordinary Pashto usage; context (God’s/gospel’s committed love, or mutual believer love) must always be made explicit. Occurs 1:3; 2:10; 2:13; 3:5.
Believe The Lie
Approved rendering: درواغو ته ایمان راوړل
Transliteration: drwagho ta iman rawrhral
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει
Category: Judgment
NEW. Reuses ایمان (the verb of saving faith) ironically directed at falsehood. Teach explicitly that faith’s object, not the act itself, determines its saving or destructive value. Occurs 2:11.
Standing Firm
Approved rendering: ټینګ ودریدل
Transliteration: teng wadrezai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στήκετε
Category: Tradition
NEW, core doctrine term. Must be paired consistently with لیږدل شوی تعلیم at 2:15 so both halves of the exhortation are learned as a unit. Occurs 2:15.
Command Apostolic
Approved rendering: امر کول
Transliteration: amr kawul
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: παραγγέλλω
Category: Tradition
NEW. Stronger than a mere suggestion; invoked ‘in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ’ (3:6,12) — apostolic authority exercised in Christ’s own name, not personal opinion. Occurs 3:6,12.
Walking Disorderly
Approved rendering: بې نظمه ګرځېدل
Transliteration: be-nazma gurdzedal
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἀτάκτως περιπατέω
Category: Church
NEW. Church-discipline term; must be taught alongside 3:14-15 so resulting discipline is understood as corrective and relational, not punitive excommunication or shunning-as-enmity. Occurs 3:6,11.
Ashamed Corrective
Approved rendering: شرمېدل
Transliteration: sharmedal
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐντραπῇ (ἐντρέπω)
Category: Church
NEW. Restorative shame aimed at return to fellowship (cf. 3:15’s ‘not as an enemy, but admonish as a brother’), consistent with the baseline’s honor-restoration framing of justification, not contradictory to it. Occurs 3:14.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: سوله
Transliteration: sola
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2 (greeting) and 3:16 (‘the Lord of peace himself give you peace’), a fitting closing theme for a persecuted congregation; the baseline’s sola/jirga peace-negotiation resonance is a genuine asset here.
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسان
Transliteration: moqaddasan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:10 (Christ glorified ‘among his saints’); corporate sense for all believers, not an ascetic elite.
Calling
Approved rendering: بلنه
Transliteration: balana
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:11 (‘count you worthy of his calling’).
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:9,10,12; 2:14, anchoring both judgment (exclusion from Christ’s glory, 1:9) and salvation (obtaining Christ’s glory, 2:14) to the same term — teach the contrast explicitly.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای پاچاهي
Transliteration: da Khudai pachahi
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:5, tied to present suffering under persecution as evidence of God’s righteous judgment; distinguish sharply from any ‘Islamic Emirate’ political-kingdom framing.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: د خدای قدرت
Transliteration: da Khudai qodrat
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:7,11 (true divine/angelic power) and 2:9 (the lawless one’s counterfeit power, same Greek root δύναμις) — context must clearly disambiguate true from satanic-counterfeit power at each occurrence.
Intercession
Approved rendering: منځګړیتوب
Transliteration: manzgaritob
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Extended in this book to mutual prayer for physical protection from active gospel opposition (3:1-2), directly relevant given the severe real-world safety risks for this readership.
Providence
Approved rendering: د خدای تدبیر
Transliteration: da Khudai tadbir
Doctrine: Providence
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Should be linked to 2:6’s ‘in his own appointed time’ (καιρός) to reinforce that the restrainer’s timing is under God’s sovereign, purposive care, not chance or impersonal fate.
Gathering Together
Approved rendering: راټولېدنه
Transliteration: ratoledana
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Native descriptive noun avoiding confusion with کلیسا (church) or Jewish ‘synagogue’ associations. Care must be taken not to resolve unstated rapture-sequencing questions the text leaves open. Occurs 2:1.
Adversary
Approved rendering: مخالف
Transliteration: mukhalif
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἀντικείμενος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Note the conceptual (not lexical) overlap with شیطان, confirmed explicitly at 2:9; the term itself should remain distinct from the proper name شیطان. Occurs 2:4.
Object Of Worship
Approved rendering: د لمانځنې شی
Transliteration: da lmanzane shay
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: σέβασμα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Built on لمانځنه, the standard Pashto word for worship/devotion. Ensure the phrase reads as ‘everything venerated as divine’ generically, not as critique of any named contemporary practice. Occurs 2:4.
Mystery
Approved rendering: راز
Transliteration: raaz
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: τὸ μυστήριον
Category: Eschatology
NEW. راز also carries a regional Sufi devotional-poetry sense of ‘hidden secret’; must be clarified as a disclosed (or partially disclosed) divine truth, not a permanently hidden esoteric secret. Occurs 2:7.
Satans Working
Approved rendering: د شیطان فعالیت / زور
Transliteration: da Shaitan fa’aliyat / zor
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: κατ᾽ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. شیطان is reused as the broadly shared Christian/Islamic figure; confirm the mapped identity is consistent with the biblical Satan (accuser, deceiver, defeated enemy), not assumed fully equivalent to every Iblis-narrative detail. Occurs 2:9.
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: ناانصافي
Transliteration: na-insafi
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Judgment
NEW. Built as the semantic opposite of انصاف (justice/fairness); teach as directly antithetical to صداقت (righteousness, Critical in baseline). Occurs 2:10,12.
Perishing
Approved rendering: هلاکېدونکي
Transliteration: halakedunki
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις
Category: Judgment
NEW. Shares its root with د تباهۍ زوی (son of destruction, 2:3); note the connection for careful readers/teachers. Occurs 2:10.
Truth
Approved rendering: رښتیا
Transliteration: rishtia
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: الحق-rooted alternative
Original: ἡ ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. Native Pashto word deliberately preferred over an Arabic-derived alternative rooted in الحق (al-Haqq, a divine name in Islam), to avoid unintended divine-name association at every occurrence. Occurs 2:10,12,13.
Judgment Verb
Approved rendering: قضاوت کیدل / محکوم کیدل
Transliteration: qazawat kedal / mahkum kedal
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: κριθῶσιν (κρίνω)
Category: Judgment
NEW. Must be taught alongside the صداقت/صادق root so ‘righteous judgment’ reads as one compound concept rather than an unrelated justice-vocabulary root. Occurs 2:12.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: لومړنۍ حاصلات
Transliteration: lumrhani hasilat
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Salvation
NEW. Agricultural metaphor requiring brief explanation; ties directly to the established Election doctrine. Occurs 2:13.
God Is Faithful
Approved rendering: وفادار
Transliteration: wafadar
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: πιστός (of God)
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Distinct from ایمان, which describes human trust directed at God; this term describes God’s own reliable, trustworthy character. Occurs 3:3.
The Evil One
Approved rendering: له بدۍ / له شیطان څخه
Transliteration: le badai / le Shaitan tsa
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: τοῦ πονηροῦ
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Grammatically ambiguous in the Greek between ‘the evil one’ and ‘evil’ in general; preserve this ambiguity rather than resolving it. Occurs 3:3.
Affliction
Approved rendering: تکلیف
Transliteration: takleef
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Lived reality for this readership; pastoral sensitivity required. Occurs 1:4,6.
Rest Relief
Approved rendering: آرام
Transliteration: aaram
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἄνεσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Promised relief for the persecuted at Christ’s return, the positive counterpart to the judgment described alongside it in chapter 1. Occurs 1:7.
Mark Take Note
Approved rendering: نښه کول
Transliteration: nishe kawul
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: σημειόω
Category: Church
NEW. Same root نښه also used at 3:17 (Paul’s authenticating signature) and at 2:9 (false ‘signs’) — disambiguate by context in every instance. Occurs 3:14.
Deliver Rescue
Approved rendering: ژغورل کیدل
Transliteration: zhoral kedal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Concrete prayer for protection from active hostile opposition, highly resonant with this readership’s lived persecution context. Occurs 3:2.
Withdraw From
Approved rendering: ډډه کول / لرې کیدل
Transliteration: ddda kawul / le kedal
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στέλλεσθαι
Category: Church
NEW. Must be taught as limited, corrective social distance, not enmity or permanent exclusion, per 3:15’s explicit qualification. Occurs 3:6.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: هڅول / نصیحت کول
Transliteration: hakol / nasihat kawul
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, applying its own context-sensitivity rule: هڅول (comfort/build up) at 2:17; نصیحت کول (admonish) at 3:15 alongside νουθετέω.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: شکر
Transliteration: shukr
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:3; 2:13. Note the added obligation-sense (ὀφείλομεν, ‘we ought to thank’) at 1:3 — a minor nuance requiring no special caution.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ملګرتیا
Transliteration: malgartia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: شراکت
Original: κοινωνία (conceptual, negated form)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged; شراکت remains forbidden. Occurs conceptually, negated, at 3:14 (‘do not associate with him’) — the withdrawal is corrective and temporary, not a permanent severing, per 3:15.
Shaken Unsettled
Approved rendering: ښوکول کیدل
Transliteration: oshkawul kedal
Doctrine: Faith
Original: σαλεύω
Category: Faith
NEW. Standard vocabulary; no major collision. Occurs 2:2.
Mind
Approved rendering: عقل / فکر
Transliteration: aql / fikr
Doctrine: Faith
Original: νοῦς
Category: Faith
NEW. Broadly shared vocabulary across Islamic and Christian registers; low collision. Occurs 2:2.
Alarmed
Approved rendering: اندېښمن کیدل
Transliteration: andeshman kedal
Doctrine: Faith
Original: θροέω
Category: Faith
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 2:2.
Word Spoken
Approved rendering: خبره / وینا
Transliteration: khabara / wina
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: λόγος
Category: Church
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 2:2,15.
Letter
Approved rendering: لیک
Transliteration: leek
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐπιστολή
Category: Church
NEW. Shows the early church already contending with counterfeit apostolic correspondence, resolved at 3:17 by Paul’s authenticating signature. Occurs 2:2,15; 3:17.
Has Come Arrived
Approved rendering: راغلې ده
Transliteration: raghle da
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐνέστηκεν (ἐνίστημι)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Perfect-tense nuance (already present, not just near) should be preserved to correctly represent the false claim Paul corrects. Occurs 2:2.
Deceive
Approved rendering: تېر باسول / دوکه کول
Transliteration: ter basawul / dhoka kawul
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἐξαπατάω
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 2:3.
Boast Positive
Approved rendering: ویاړل
Transliteration: wyaral
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἐγκαυχάομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. Positive, warranted boasting; distinguish from sinful self-boasting condemned elsewhere. Occurs 1:4.
Repay Recompense
Approved rendering: بدله ورکول
Transliteration: badla warkawal
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀνταποδίδωμι
Category: Judgment
NEW. Standard vocabulary within the righteous-recompense principle of chapter 1. Occurs 1:6.
Angels
Approved rendering: پرښتې
Transliteration: preshte
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 1:7.
Flaming Fire
Approved rendering: د اور لمبې
Transliteration: da awr lambe
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: πῦρ φλογός
Category: Judgment
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 1:8.
Know Person
Approved rendering: پیژندل
Transliteration: pizhandal
Doctrine: Faith
Original: εἴδω / οἶδα
Category: Faith
NEW. Distinct from عقل/factual knowledge. Occurs 1:8 (‘those who do not know God’).
Obey
Approved rendering: اطاعت کول
Transliteration: ita’at kawul
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ὑπακούω
Category: Faith
NEW. Reuses the established د ایمان اطاعت root for consistency. Occurs 1:8.
Spread Run Gospel
Approved rendering: خپرېدل
Transliteration: khparedal
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: τρέχω
Category: Church
NEW. Inherits the Critical safety-sensitivity flag from the baseline’s evangelism/mission doctrines at the level of the underlying activity, not the word itself. Occurs 3:1.
Have Confidence
Approved rendering: باور لرل
Transliteration: bawar larel
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πείθω (perfect: πέποιθα)
Category: Faith
NEW. Distinct in nuance from ایمان (saving faith); pastoral confidence. Occurs 3:4.
Direct Guide
Approved rendering: لارښوونه کول
Transliteration: larshuna kawul
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: κατευθύνω
Category: Faith
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 3:5.
Imitate
Approved rendering: زموږ بېلګې ته پیروي کول
Transliteration: zamung belge ta peyravi kawul
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: تقلید
Original: μιμέομαι
Category: Church
NEW. تقلید avoided due to its specific Islamic jurisprudential connotation (following a legal school without independent reasoning). Occurs 3:7,9.
Work Verb
Approved rendering: کار کول
Transliteration: kar kawul
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐργάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. Standard vocabulary; no major doctrinal collision. Occurs 3:8,10,11,12.
Busybody
Approved rendering: د نورو کارونو کې لاسوهنه کول
Transliteration: da noro karono ke laswahana kawul
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: περιεργάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. The Greek wordplay with ἐργάζομαι (‘not busy but busybodies’) is difficult to fully preserve in Pashto; flag for native-speaker stylistic review. Occurs 3:11.
Grow Weary
Approved rendering: ستړی کیدل
Transliteration: stari kedal
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐγκακέω
Category: Church
NEW. Standard vocabulary. Occurs 3:13.
Enemy
Approved rendering: دښمن
Transliteration: dushman
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐχθρός
Category: Church
NEW. Key doctrinal point is the negation at 3:15 (‘do not regard him as an enemy’). Occurs 3:15.
Sign Authenticating Mark
Approved rendering: نښه
Transliteration: nishe
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: σημεῖον (3:17 sense)
Category: Church
NEW. Same root as the disciplinary ‘mark’ sense (3:14) and the counterfeit ‘signs’ sense (2:9); a single Pashto root carries three distinct senses across this letter — disambiguate by context every time. Occurs 3:17.
The Lie
Approved rendering: درواغ
Transliteration: drwagh
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: τὸ ψεῦδος
Category: Judgment
NEW. Standard vocabulary; paired with the ironic use of ایمان at 2:11. Occurs 2:9,11.
Eternal Comfort Hope
Approved rendering: تلپاتې تسلی / ښه هیله
Transliteration: talpate tasali / kha hila
Doctrine: Grace
Original: παράκλησις αἰωνία / ἐλπὶς ἀγαθή
Category: Faith
NEW. Standard devotional vocabulary; the basis for standing firm (2:15-17) is God’s gift of grace, not human effort. Occurs 2:16.
Establish Strengthen
Approved rendering: ټینګول
Transliteration: tengawul
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Faith
NEW. Pairs naturally with ټینګ ودریدل (stand firm, 2:15) for thematic consistency. Occurs 2:17; 3:3.
Obtain Glory
Approved rendering: ترلاسه کول
Transliteration: tarlasa kawul
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: περιποίησις
Category: God
NEW. Describes believers’ high, intimate destiny of sharing in Christ’s own glory. Occurs 2:14.
Brothers
Approved rendering: وروڼو
Transliteration: wruno
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἀδελφοί
Category: Church
NEW. Standard vocabulary; follow established Pashto Bible convention for inclusive familial address. Occurs throughout (1:3; 2:1,13,15; 3:1,6,13, etc.).
Referenced passages