Cross-Reference Analysis
09 Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis — English → Vietnamese
1 Corinthians 1–16 | Core Passage: 1 Corinthians 15:1-11
Method note: This matrix extends, and must never contradict, the Romans baseline (translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, doctrine_risk_registry.json) and the 1 Corinthians 07_semantic_analysis.md / 08_core_glossary.md. Citations follow normalizable “Book Chapter:Verse” form (e.g., “Genesis 15:6”, “Galatians 2:16”) so they can be programmatically matched across curricula in Phase 2. Every OT quotation and allusion in every chapter of 1 Corinthians is catalogued below; messianic references and typology receive dedicated flags; parallels to Romans (and, where relevant, to other anticipated curricula) receive explicit rendering-consistency rules so that shared quotations and shared doctrinal formulas are never translated two different ways across documents.
Translation Sensitivity legend: Critical / High / Medium / Low — identical risk tiers and review routing to the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
PART A — Chapter-by-Chapter OT Quotation and Allusion Matrix
Chapter 1 — Christian Unity versus Factionalism; The Cross as Wisdom and Power (introduced)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 1:2 | Calling on the Lord’s name | Believers at Corinth | Allusion: Joel 2:32 (“everyone who calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved”); parallel citation: Romans 10:13 | High — “Lord” (Chúa) here already carries the Romans baseline’s exclusive-Lordship weight; must read as the same divine name invoked in Joel, not a generic devotional address. |
| 1 Corinthians 1:19 | God’s wisdom vs. human wisdom | — | Direct quotation: Isaiah 29:14 (“I will destroy the wisdom of the wise”) | Medium — quotation must be rendered so its polemic against self-sufficient human wisdom is unmistakable, not softened into general humility language. |
| 1 Corinthians 1:23-24 | The cross as stumbling block and power | Christ | Typological/messianic allusion: Isaiah 53:1-12 (Suffering Servant); fulfillment theme shared with Romans doctrine messianic_promise | High — must retain the paradox: a crucified Messiah is the fulfillment, not the failure, of the Servant prophecy. |
| 1 Corinthians 1:30 | Christ as wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, redemption | Christ | Draws on OT sacrificial/ransom vocabulary underlying ἀπολύτρωσις (e.g., Exodus 6:6; Leviticus 25:25 redemption-price pattern); doctrinal parallel: Romans 3:24 | High — see §Part C, Rule 4 (grace/redemption consistency). |
| 1 Corinthians 1:31 | Boasting only in the Lord | — | Direct quotation: Jeremiah 9:24 (“let him who boasts, boast in the Lord”) | Medium — must not be rendered as generic modesty; it is an exclusive redirection of all boasting to God alone, paralleling Romans 3:27’s exclusion of boasting in the law. |
Chapter 2 — The Cross as Wisdom and Power (continued)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 2:9 | Hidden wisdom now revealed | — | Direct quotation (composite): Isaiah 64:4 / Isaiah 65:16 (“no eye has seen…”) | Medium — must preserve the revelatory logic: what God has prepared, God discloses by his Spirit (2:10), not human discovery. |
| 1 Corinthians 2:16 | The mind of Christ | Christ | Direct quotation: Isaiah 40:13 (“who has understood the mind of the LORD?”) | High — Paul’s climactic claim (“we have the mind of Christ”) identifies Christ with the LORD (YHWH) of Isaiah 40; must not be flattened to mere spiritual insight. |
| 1 Corinthians 2:7 | Mystery hidden, now revealed | — | Background allusion: Daniel 2:28-29 (mystery revealed by God) | Medium — see 08_core_glossary.md §3 note on sự mầu nhiệm; openly disclosed, not esoteric. |
Chapter 3 — Christian Unity versus Factionalism (continued)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 | The church as God’s temple | — | Typological background: 1 Kings 6:11-13 (God’s presence dwelling in the temple); Ezekiel 37:27 (God’s dwelling among his people) | High — see 08_core_glossary.md §4 (đền thờ của Đức Chúa Trời); church replaces, does not merely resemble, the OT sanctuary as locus of God’s presence. |
| 1 Corinthians 3:19 | Human wisdom exposed | — | Direct quotation: Job 5:13 (“he catches the wise in their own craftiness”) | Low — standard quotation form. |
| 1 Corinthians 3:20 | The Lord knows the thoughts of the wise | — | Direct quotation: Psalm 94:11 | Low. |
Chapter 4 — Christian Unity versus Factionalism (continued)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 4:5 | Future judgment by the Lord | Christ (as judge) | General background: Day-of-the-LORD judgment theme (e.g., Malachi 3:2-5); parallel: Romans 2:16, 14:10 | Medium — judgment belongs to Christ alone, not to factional human tribunals within the church. |
| 1 Corinthians 4:1-2 | Stewardship of the mysteries of God | Apostles | Background: household-steward imagery consistent across OT/NT wisdom and parable tradition; no direct OT quotation | Low. |
Chapter 5 — Church Discipline and Holiness
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 5:7 | Christ our Passover lamb | Christ | Typology: Exodus 12:1-13, 21-27 (Passover lamb); parallel NT typology: John 1:29 | Critical — must be taught as the fulfillment of the Passover sacrifice pattern (substitutionary, blood-shedding deliverance), not merely a seasonal festival metaphor; directly reinforces the baseline’s atonement/propitiation escalation rule (Romans 3:25). |
| 1 Corinthians 5:13 | Removing evil from the community | — | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 17:7 (“purge the evil person from among you”) | Medium — church discipline is covenant-community holiness, continuous with (not a harsher version of) OT community holiness law. |
Chapter 6 — Church Discipline and Holiness (continued)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 6:16 | Sexual union and “one flesh” | — | Direct quotation: Genesis 2:24 (“the two shall become one flesh”) | High — grounds Paul’s sexual-immorality argument in the creation ordinance of marriage; must retain the same rendering used for Genesis 2:24 wherever future curricula (e.g., a Genesis or Ephesians package) cite it. |
| 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 | Body as temple; bought with a price | Christ | Continues temple typology (ch.3 above); redemption-price background: Exodus 6:6, Leviticus 25:25 | High — see 08_core_glossary.md §4 (được mua chuộc bằng giá cao); parallels Romans 3:24 grace-not-debt framing. |
| 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 | Exclusion of the unrighteous from the kingdom | — | Vice-list tradition consistent with OT holiness codes (e.g., Leviticus 18-20); parallel: Romans 1:29-31 (a similar vice list) | Medium — future parallel with Galatians 5:19-21 (anticipated curriculum) should use consistent vice-term renderings once that package is built. |
Chapter 7 — Marriage and Singleness
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 7:10-11 | Instruction on divorce | — | NT dominical parallel: Matthew 19:3-9 / Mark 10:2-12 (Jesus’ teaching on divorce); creation background: Genesis 2:24 | High — Paul explicitly cites “the Lord’s” instruction; consistency with the Gospel divorce sayings should be maintained if/when a Gospels curriculum is produced. |
| 1 Corinthians 7:39 | Marriage bond “as long as he lives” | — | Background: Genesis 2:24 marriage institution | Medium. |
Chapter 8 — Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 8:4 | ”There is no God but one” | — | Direct allusion: Deuteronomy 6:4 (the Shema, “the LORD our God, the LORD is one”) | Critical — the monotheistic confession underlying the entire idol-meat argument; must be rendered with the same theological weight as the Shema, not as a philosophical abstraction. |
| 1 Corinthians 8:6 | One God, one Lord | God the Father; Christ | Christological expansion of the Shema; parallels Romans 11:36 (“from him and through him and to him are all things”) and anticipates Ephesians 4:6 (future curriculum) | Critical — Christ is placed within the identity of the one God of the Shema; the deity_of_christ doctrine (baseline, Critical) is directly at stake in this verse’s rendering. |
Chapter 9 — Christian Liberty (Paul’s Apostolic Example)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 9:9 | The laborer’s right to provision | — | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 25:4 (“you shall not muzzle an ox”) | Medium — Paul’s a fortiori argument (if true for oxen, how much more for gospel laborers) must be preserved, not literalized. |
| 1 Corinthians 9:13 | Temple servants share in the offerings | — | Background: Numbers 18:8-24; Deuteronomy 18:1-8 (priestly portion) | Low-Medium. |
Chapter 10 — Christian Liberty and Idol Meat (continued); The Lord’s Supper (anticipated)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 10:1-4 | Wilderness typology: cloud, sea, manna, rock | Moses; Israel in the wilderness | Typology: Exodus 13:21-22 (cloud); Exodus 14:21-22 (sea); Exodus 16:4, 15 (manna); Exodus 17:6 and Numbers 20:11 (water from the rock) | High — Israel’s wilderness experience is presented as a real historical type/warning for the church; must not be read as mere illustration but as typological pattern (“these things happened to them as an example,” 10:11). |
| 1 Corinthians 10:4 | ”The Rock was Christ” | Christ; Moses; Israel | Explicit typological identification: Exodus 17:6; Numbers 20:11 | Critical — identifies the preincarnate Christ as present with and providing for Israel in the wilderness; directly reinforces the baseline’s deity_of_christ and son_of_god doctrines (Critical risk) by extending Christ’s identity backward into OT history. Must never be rendered as a mere symbolic comparison (“like a rock”) but as ontological identification. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:7 | Idolatry warning | Israel | Direct quotation: Exodus 32:6 (“the people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play” — golden calf) | Medium-High. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:8 | Sexual immorality warning | Israel | Allusion: Numbers 25:1-9 (Baal-peor; the plague following sexual immorality and idolatry) | High — links directly to the curriculum doctrine “Christian Liberty and Idol Meat” and the ch.5/6 sexual-immorality doctrine; the OT event combines both sins Paul addresses across 1 Corinthians 5-10. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:9 | Testing Christ | Israel; Christ | Allusion: Numbers 21:5-6 (testing the LORD; the bronze-serpent plague narrative) | Critical — “testing Christ” (rather than “testing the LORD,” the OT wording) again identifies Christ with YHWH of the Exodus narrative; must be preserved as a deliberate christological claim, not smoothed into a generic warning against disobedience. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:10 | Grumbling and judgment | Israel; “the Destroyer” | Allusion: Numbers 16:41-49 (plague following Korah’s rebellion) | Medium. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:20-21 | Sacrifices offered to demons | — | Direct quotation background: Deuteronomy 32:17 (“they sacrificed to demons, not God”) | Critical — see 08_core_glossary.md §6 (quỷ / các quỷ; chén của Chúa / bàn của Chúa); this OT text is the theological ground for Paul’s claim that idol worship, however locally framed as ancestor-honoring or benign, is in fact demonic. Directly touches the baseline’s intercession/ancestor-veneration collision risk. |
| 1 Corinthians 10:26 | ”The earth is the Lord’s” | — | Direct quotation: Psalm 24:1 | Low-Medium — grounds Paul’s permission to eat meat sold in the marketplace without investigation; must not be lost in translation as merely a generic statement about creation care. |
Chapter 11 — Order in Worship; The Lord’s Supper
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 11:7-9 | Man as the image and glory of God; woman from man | Adam; Eve (implied) | Allusion: Genesis 1:26-27 (image of God); Genesis 2:18-23 (woman formed from man) | High — see 08_core_glossary.md §7 note on đầu (head); the creation narrative background must inform, not be replaced by, existing Confucian household-hierarchy assumptions. |
| 1 Corinthians 11:23-25 | Institution of the Lord’s Supper; new covenant | Christ | Typology: Exodus 24:8 (covenant blood); direct fulfillment language: Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant promise); parallel Synoptic accounts: Matthew 26:26-28, Luke 22:19-20 | Critical — the “new covenant” (giao ước mới) must be understood as the promised fulfillment of Jeremiah 31, replacing the Mosaic covenant framework (cf. Romans baseline’s covenant note on relational bond, not mere contract), and must be kept distinct from Vietnamese ancestral memorial-meal ritual (see 08_core_glossary.md §7). |
Chapter 12 — Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 12:3 | ”Jesus is Lord” | Christ | Direct cross-document parallel: Romans 10:9-10 | Critical — verbatim rendering required: Đức Chúa Giê-xu là Chúa. See Part C, Rule 1. |
| 1 Corinthians 12:13 | Spirit poured out, uniting the body | Holy Spirit | Possible allusion: Joel 2:28-29 (outpouring of the Spirit on all people); parallel: Romans 8:9-11 | Medium. |
Chapter 13 — Love as the Greater Way
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 13:1-13 | Love defined and exalted | — | Background: Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor as yourself”); direct cross-document parallel: Romans 13:8-10 (“love fulfills the law”) | High — see Part C, Rule 6. Both passages trace the same command back to the same Levitical root; Vietnamese renderings of “love” in each document must draw the same conceptual line against romantic love, filial-duty love (hiếu), and detached Buddhist compassion (từ bi). |
Chapter 14 — Order in Worship; Spiritual Gifts (continued)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 14:21 | Tongues as a sign of judgment | — | Direct quotation: Isaiah 28:11-12 (“by people of strange tongues… I will speak to this people”) | Medium-High — the OT context is judgment on unbelief, not a model for ecstatic worship experience; this nuance should be preserved in teaching notes. |
| 1 Corinthians 14:25 | Unbelievers convicted, declaring God is truly present | — | Allusion: Isaiah 45:14; Zechariah 8:23 (nations falling down before God’s people, acknowledging God’s presence) | Medium. |
| 1 Corinthians 14:34 | ”As the Law also says” | — | Debated/general reference to Genesis 3:16 or the broader Mosaic Law tradition | Medium — flagged (per 07_semantic_analysis.md ch.14 note) for human theologian review; introduces interpretive complexity beyond vocabulary alone. |
Chapter 15 — The Resurrection of Christ and Believers (Core Doctrine)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 | Christ died and rose “according to the Scriptures” | Christ | Composite fulfillment: Isaiah 53:5-12 (died for our sins); Psalm 16:10 (God’s Holy One not abandoned to decay — also cited directly in Acts 2:27, 13:35); Hosea 6:2 (third-day pattern) | Critical — this is the core passage’s central fulfillment claim; ties directly to baseline doctrine fulfillment_of_prophecy (linear, one-time historical fulfillment, never the cyclical time-frame of Buddhist cosmology) and resurrection_of_christ (Critical). |
| 1 Corinthians 15:5-8 | Resurrection appearances | Peter (Cephas); the Twelve; James; Paul | No OT citation; historical eyewitness catalogue; parallels Luke 24, John 20-21, Acts 1:3, 9:1-9 | High — see 07_semantic_analysis.md Part A, v.5-8 note on “appeared” (ὤφθη); bodily, objective encounter. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:21-22 | Death through Adam, life through Christ | Adam; Christ | Typology: Genesis 2:7 (Adam given life); Genesis 3:6, 17-19 (Adam’s sin and death); direct cross-document parallel: Romans 5:12-21 (Adam-Christ federal headship) | Critical — see Part C, Rule 2. This is the single most important cross-curriculum typological parallel in the book; rendering of “in Adam”/“in Christ” language must match Romans exactly. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:25 | Christ’s reign until every enemy is subdued | Christ | Direct quotation: Psalm 110:1 (“until he has put all his enemies under his feet”) | High — messianic enthronement psalm; parallels Romans 8:34 (Christ “at the right hand of God”); anticipates future Hebrews curriculum (Psalm 110 is foundational there also). |
| 1 Corinthians 15:27 | All things subjected to Christ | Christ | Direct quotation: Psalm 8:6 | High — same enthronement theme as 15:25; must be kept exegetically connected in teaching, not treated as an isolated proof-text. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:32 | Living for pleasure if there is no resurrection | — | Allusion: Isaiah 22:13 (“let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die”) | Medium — used ironically by Paul as the logical (and undesirable) consequence of denying the resurrection. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:45 | The first Adam and the last Adam | Adam; Christ | Direct quotation: Genesis 2:7 (“the first man Adam became a living being”), contrasted with Christ as “life-giving spirit”; direct cross-document parallel: Romans 5:14 (Adam as “a type of the one who was to come”) | Critical — see Part C, Rule 2. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:54 | Death swallowed up in victory | — | Direct quotation: Isaiah 25:8 | High — must retain “swallowed up” as a total, final defeat of death, not a gradual fading. |
| 1 Corinthians 15:55 | ”O death, where is your sting?” | — | Direct quotation: Hosea 13:14 | High — companion citation to 15:54; both quotations together form the chapter’s climactic OT-fulfillment doublet and must be rendered as recognizable direct quotations, not paraphrased individually. |
Chapter 16 — Closing Instructions
| Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Corinthians 16:1-4 | The collection for the saints | Corinthian church; churches of Galatia; Jerusalem believers | Direct cross-document parallel: Romans 15:25-27 (the same historical collection project) | High — same historical event referenced from two vantage points in two curricula; renderings of “saints” (các thánh đồ) and “collection” (sự góp tiền) must remain consistent across both documents. |
| 1 Corinthians 16:22 | ”Our Lord, come!” (Maranatha) | Christ | Eschatological hope; parallel: Romans 13:11-12 (“the day is near”); anticipates Revelation 22:20 (future curriculum) | Medium — see 07_semantic_analysis.md ch.16 note; transliterate, do not translate, per the baseline’s precedent for Abba. |
PART B — Messianic References and Typology Summary
| Type | Passage(s) | OT Root | Doctrinal Payload | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suffering Servant fulfillment | 1 Corinthians 1:23; 15:3 | Isaiah 53 | Christ’s death is the fulfillment, not the failure, of messianic prophecy — the crucified Messiah, not a rival or substitute concept | High |
| Passover Lamb typology | 1 Corinthians 5:7 | Exodus 12 | Substitutionary, blood-shedding deliverance; grounds church discipline/holiness in the finished sacrifice | Critical |
| Preincarnate Christ present with Israel | 1 Corinthians 10:4, 9 | Exodus 17:6; Numbers 20:11; Numbers 21:5-6 | Christ’s deity extends backward into OT salvation history; “the Rock was Christ” and “testing Christ” are ontological identifications, not analogies | Critical |
| Adam-Christ federal headship | 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45-49 | Genesis 2:7; Genesis 3 | One man’s act (sin/death) versus one Man’s act (life/resurrection) determines the destiny of all united to him — the chapter’s central resurrection argument | Critical |
| Davidic/enthronement Christology | 1 Corinthians 15:25, 27 | Psalm 110:1; Psalm 8:6 | Christ’s present reign and final, total subjection of every hostile power | High |
| New Covenant institution | 1 Corinthians 11:23-25 | Jeremiah 31:31-34; Exodus 24:8 | The Lord’s Supper enacts and proclaims the promised new covenant, sealed in Christ’s blood, replacing the Mosaic covenant | Critical |
| Wilderness generation as typological warning | 1 Corinthians 10:1-11 | Exodus 13-17; Numbers 16, 21, 25 | Israel’s redemption (Exodus), provision (manna/water), and subsequent judgment for idolatry/immorality/testing/grumbling prefigure real spiritual dangers for the church, not mere illustrative history | High |
| Shema christologically expanded | 1 Corinthians 8:4-6 | Deuteronomy 6:4 | Christ is included within the identity of the “one God”; foundational for the deity_of_christ doctrine carried over from the Romans baseline | Critical |
PART C — Parallels to Romans and Rendering-Consistency Rules
Because 1 Corinthians and Romans will be studied side by side within the same curriculum ecosystem, the following shared quotations and shared doctrinal formulas MUST receive identical Vietnamese renderings in both documents. These rules extend, and are subordinate to, the baseline’s “Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents” in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
| Rule # | Shared Element | Romans Occurrence(s) | 1 Corinthians Occurrence(s) | Rendering-Consistency Rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Confession “Jesus is Lord” | Romans 10:9-10 | 1 Corinthians 12:3 | Render verbatim and identically in both documents: Đức Chúa Giê-xu là Chúa. No paraphrase, no synonym substitution, in either document. |
| 2 | Adam-Christ typology | Romans 5:12-21; 5:14 (“a type of the one who was to come”) | 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45-49 | Use the identical transliterated form A-đam in both documents; render “in Adam”/“in Christ” (ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ / ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ) with the same preposition-phrase pattern (trong A-đam / trong Đấng Christ) in both. Teach both occurrences as one unified federal-headship doctrine, not two separate arguments. |
| 3 | Resurrection terminology | Romans 1:4; 6:4-5; 8:11 | 1 Corinthians 15:4, 12-58 | sự sống lại in all occurrences; never đầu thai/luân hồi. The Corinthians passage extends the identical Romans term from Christ’s resurrection specifically to believers’ future bodily resurrection generally — this extension must be visible in the rendering, not obscured by a different word choice. |
| 4 | Grace distinguished from merit/debt | Romans 3:24; 4:4-5; 11:5-6 | 1 Corinthians 1:30; 15:10; 6:20 (redemption) | ân điển in all occurrences; never phước đức/công đức/ơn nghĩa. 1 Corinthians 15:10 (“not I, but the grace of God”) is a model case and should be cross-taught alongside Romans 11:5-6 as the same doctrinal point in a different pastoral setting. |
| 5 | Body of Christ / body metaphor | Romans 12:4-5 | 1 Corinthians 12:12-27 | thân thể của Đấng Christ for the corporate body; chi thể for individual members, in both documents. Teach the Corinthians passage as the fuller development of the Romans metaphor. |
| 6 | Love fulfilling the law (Leviticus 19:18) | Romans 13:8-10 | 1 Corinthians 13:1-13 | tình yêu thương / sự yêu thương in both; both passages must be taught with the same three-way cultural contrast (romantic tình yêu, Confucian hiếu, Buddhist từ bi) established in the 1 Corinthians glossary, extended to Romans 13 wherever that document is taught alongside this one. |
| 7 | Weak conscience / stumbling block / food-conscience issues | Romans 14:1-23 | 1 Corinthians 8:1-13; 10:23-33 | lương tâm (conscience), yếu đuối (weak), sự vấp phạm (stumbling block) in both documents. Teachers should note 1 Corinthians 8-10 as the fuller case study (idol meat specifically) behind Romans 14’s more general food-conscience principle. |
| 8 | Election of the lowly / God’s sovereign choice | Romans 9:11-13; 11:5-7 | 1 Corinthians 1:26-28 | sự lựa chọn / đã lựa chọn in both; never số mệnh/số phận. |
| 9 | Collection for the Jerusalem saints | Romans 15:25-27 | 1 Corinthians 16:1-4 | các thánh đồ (saints) and sự góp tiền (collection) in both; this is the identical historical event described from two points in Paul’s ministry and must read as such. |
| 10 | Power of God for salvation | Romans 1:16 | 1 Corinthians 1:18, 24; 2:5 | quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời in both. |
| 11 | Calling (κλῆσις/κλητός family) | Romans 1:1, 1:6-7, 8:28-30 | 1 Corinthians 1:1-2, 9, 24, 26; 7:17-24 | được kêu gọi / sự kêu gọi in both, with the context-sensitivity note from the Romans baseline preserved and extended to 1 Corinthians 7’s additional “state in life” sense — this fourth sense must never be allowed to dilute or compete with the three baseline soteriological/ministerial senses. |
| 12 | Atonement/substitutionary death (“for our sins,” “for us”) | Romans 3:25 (propitiation — flagged for theologian review in the baseline) | 1 Corinthians 5:7 (Passover lamb); 15:3 (“Christ died for our sins”) | Both documents must preserve substitutionary vicarious death (Vietnamese: vì / thay cho), not exemplary or sympathetic death. Any segment containing either passage is automatically routed to human theologian review per the baseline’s escalation rules for atonement/propitiation language. |
| 13 | Deity of Christ identified with OT YHWH | Romans 9:5; 10:9-13 (Joel 2:32 citation) | 1 Corinthians 8:4-6 (Shema); 10:4, 9 (Rock/testing Christ) | Both documents must render these passages so that Christ’s inclusion within the identity of the one God of Israel is unmistakable; never rendered as mere comparison or honorific title. |
| 14 | Messianic enthronement psalms (Psalm 8; Psalm 110) | Romans 8:34 | 1 Corinthians 15:25, 27 | Render Psalm quotations identically wherever they recur across curricula (including anticipated future Hebrews/Psalms packages); “put under his feet” should use a single fixed Vietnamese idiom across all such occurrences once established in Phase 2. |
Coverage Confirmation
All sixteen chapters of 1 Corinthians have been reviewed for OT quotation and allusion content. Chapters 4 and 7 contain comparatively few direct OT citations (consistent with their practical/pastoral rather than argumentative-scriptural character) but are represented above with their background connections explicitly noted, per the FULL-BOOK COVERAGE mandate. No chapter is silently omitted.