Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Ephesians (English → Vietnamese)
Purpose
This glossary catalogues every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering Ephesians 1–6 in full. Terms are grouped first by the nine curriculum doctrines, then by a final section of general Christological/confessional terms. Each entry records:
- Status:
[Romans TM]= already established in the baseline Romans Language Package and reused exactly, no changes permitted;[NEW]= introduced by this Ephesians analysis, proposed for addition to translation memory. - Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the same framework as
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Review routing: per baseline convention — Critical/High → Human theologian; Medium → Native speaker review; Low → Automated review.
All [Romans TM] entries below MUST be reused exactly as recorded in the baseline; this glossary does not alter them. All [NEW] entries are proposed for Phase 1 Step-2-and-beyond incorporation into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required per the AI Translation Requirements’ Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions).
Doctrine 1: Salvation by Grace through Faith
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | ân điển | an dien | High | [Romans TM] | Human theologian | Eph 1:6-7; 2:5,7,8; 3:2,7; 4:7 | Never phước đức/công đức/ơn nghĩa. |
| faith | đức tin | duc tin | Medium | [Romans TM] | Native speaker | Eph 2:8; 3:12,17; 4:5,13; 6:16 | Object of faith = Christ. |
| salvation / saved | sự cứu rỗi / được cứu | su cuu roi | Critical | [Romans TM] | Human theologian | Eph 1:13; 2:5,8; 6:17 | Never sự giải thoát (Buddhist liberation from rebirth). |
| works (basis excluded, Eph 2:9) | việc làm / công việc | viec lam | Critical | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:9 | Must sharply exclude công đức (accumulated Buddhist merit) and đức hạnh-style moral achievement as any basis for salvation; escalation-mandatory segment per AI requirements’ grace-vs-merit rule. |
| good works (fruit, Eph 2:10) | việc lành | viec lanh | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:10; 2:19 (household work); 4:28 | Must be visibly distinguished from the “works” of 2:9 as fruit, not root, of salvation; carry translator note contrasting the two occurrences. |
| gift (of God, dōron/dōrea) | sự ban cho (của Đức Chúa Trời) | su ban cho | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:8; 4:7 | Distinct from ân tứ (spiritual gift/charisma, Romans TM); creates no debt, contrasts with ơn nghĩa. |
| boast | khoe mình / tự hào | khoe minh | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:9 | Self-credit before God specifically excluded; not a generic humility virtue teaching. |
| mercy | sự thương xót | su thuong xot | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:4 | Distinguish from Buddhist từ bi (compassion); God’s mercy is personal, relational, initiating, not detached universal benevolence. |
| redemption | sự cứu chuộc | su cuu chuoc | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:7,14; 4:30 | Not repayment of karmic/ancestral debt; price paid entirely by Christ, received by grace. |
| forgiveness | sự tha thứ | su tha thu | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 1:7 | Full remission, not mere overlooking. |
| trespasses | lỗi lầm | loi lam | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:1,5 | Kept distinct from tội lỗi (sin, Romans TM); avoid implying mere unintentional error. |
| wrath (of God) | sự thịnh nộ | su thinh no | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:3; 5:6 | Personal, righteous, judicial response to sin; never impersonal karmic retribution (nghiệp báo). |
| dead (spiritually, in trespasses) | đã chết (trong lỗi lầm) | da chet | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:1,5 | Spiritual deadness/inability, not physical death or an intermediate rebirth-state. |
| made alive together (with Christ) | được đồng sống lại với Đấng Christ | dong song lai | Critical | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:5-6 | Root reuses [Romans TM: sự sống lại]; never đầu thai/luân hồi. Union with Christ’s own resurrection, not a repeatable cycle. |
| workmanship | công việc tạo thành (của Đức Chúa Trời) | cong viec tao thanh | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:10 | Believer is God’s product, not the source of salvation. |
| created (new-creation sense) | được dựng nên / được tạo dựng | duoc dung nen | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:10; 4:24 | New-creation act, not self-improvement. |
| by nature | theo bổn tính | theo bon tinh | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:3 | Inherited universal condition; does not deny moral responsibility. |
Doctrine 2: Election and Predestination in Christ
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| election / chosen | sự lựa chọn / được chọn | su lua chon | High | [Romans TM] | Human theologian | Eph 1:4 | Never số mệnh (fate). |
| predestination / foreordained | sự định trước / đã định trước | su dinh truoc | Critical | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:5,11 | Highest-stakes new term in this doctrine: never số phận, số mệnh, định mệnh, or nghiệp; a sovereign, personal, loving plan compatible with genuine human belief (1:13), not an impersonal fatalistic mechanism. |
| adoption | sự làm con nuôi | su lam con nuoi | High | [Romans TM] | Human theologian | Eph 1:5 | Grace and intimacy, not Confucian hierarchical obligation. |
| inheritance | cơ nghiệp | co nghiep | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:11,14,18; 5:5 | Distinguish from hương hỏa (ancestral estate funding ancestor-worship rites); received by grace, no ritual-maintenance duty toward the dead. |
| seal (of the Spirit) | được đóng dấu | duoc dong dau | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:13; 4:30 | Not a protective amulet/charm (bùa); the Spirit’s own personal, ownership-marking presence. |
| guarantee / earnest | của cầm | cua cam | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 1:14 | Established commercial-pledge idiom. |
| prepared beforehand | đã sắm sẵn trước | da sam san truoc | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:10 | Related to predestination; good works as fruit of God’s prior planning, not fatalism. |
| will / purpose (of God) | ý muốn / ý định | y muon | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 1:5,9,11 | God’s own sovereign, personal purpose. |
Doctrine 3: The Church as the Body of Christ
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| church | Hội Thánh | Hoi Thanh | Medium | [Romans TM] | Native speaker | Eph 1:22; 3:10,21; 5:23-32 | Never đền or chùa. |
| body (of Christ) | thân thể (của Đấng Christ) | than the | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:23; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30 | Organic living union, not mere institutional membership. |
| head | đầu | dau | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:22; 4:15; 5:23 | Loving, self-giving headship (cf. 5:25), not raw dominance; sets up ch.5 marriage application. |
| fullness (plērōma) | sự đầy dẫy | su day day | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:23; 3:19; 4:13 | Never viên mãn (Buddhist self-attained perfect completion); Christ’s own overflowing presence given, not achieved. |
| unity of the Spirit / bond of peace | sự hiệp một của Thánh Linh / dây liên kết của sự bình an | su hiep mot | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:3 | Spirit-given unity to be kept, not created. |
| mature man / maturity | người trưởng thành / bậc thành nhân | nguoi truong thanh | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:13 | Corporate Christlikeness as the church’s growth goal. |
| household of God | người nhà của Đức Chúa Trời | nguoi nha cua Duc Chua Troi | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:19 | Spiritual family transcending, without erasing, filial devotion to living parents. |
| holy temple | đền thờ thánh | den tho thanh | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:21 | Never bare đền (folk temple to deified hero/spirit); always qualified đền thờ + thánh. |
| cornerstone | đá góc nhà | da goc nha | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:20 | Christ as foundation-determining stone. |
| dwelling place (of God) | nơi Đức Chúa Trời ngự | noi Duc Chua Troi ngu | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:22 | God’s personal indwelling, not a shrine housing an image/relic. |
Doctrine 4: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gentiles | dân ngoại | dan ngoai | Medium | [Romans TM] | Native speaker | Eph 2:11; 3:1,6,8 | Established. |
| one new man / new humanity | một người mới (một nhân loại mới) | mot nguoi moi | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:15 | Genuinely new corporate reality, not a coalition of two unchanged groups. |
| dividing wall | vách ngăn | vach ngan | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:14 | Requires Temple-architecture background note. |
| enmity | sự thù nghịch | su thu nghich | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:14,16 | Active hostility, not mere difference. |
| abolished (the law’s dividing function) | bãi bỏ / phá đổ | bai bo | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:15 | Ceremonial/boundary-marking function only; not the moral law’s abiding validity. |
| reconcile | hòa giải | hoa giai | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:16 | Not modeled on ancestor/spirit-appeasement rituals (cúng giải hạn); accomplished once for all by the cross. |
| access | được đến gần | duoc den gan | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:18; 3:12 | Direct, unmediated approach to the Father; reinforces the baseline’s caution against modeling prayer on ancestor petition. |
| fellow citizens | đồng công dân | dong cong dan | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:19 | Corporate identity metaphor. |
| strangers / aliens | người xa lạ / khách lạ | nguoi xa la | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:12,19 | Gentiles’ former excluded status, now removed. |
| covenants of promise | giao ước của lời hứa | giao uoc | Medium | [Romans TM root] | Native speaker | Eph 2:12 | Reuses giao ước [Romans TM]. |
Doctrine 5: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mystery | sự mầu nhiệm | su mau nhiem | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:9; 3:3,4,6,9; 5:32; 6:19 | Never confused with esoteric/occult huyền bí (secret knowledge attained through ritual/meditative initiation); a truth openly proclaimed to all, once hidden, now revealed. |
| revealed | được bày tỏ / được tỏ ra | duoc bay to | Medium–High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 3:5 | God-given revelation to chosen human authors, not insight attained through enlightenment or sage-transmission. |
| stewardship / administration | chức vụ quản trị | chuc vu quan tri | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 3:2,9 | Paul’s entrusted role, not self-appointed authority. |
| manifold wisdom of God | sự khôn sáng nhiều mặt của Đức Chúa Trời | su khon sang | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 3:10 | Distinguish from Buddhist trí tuệ/Prajñā (wisdom attained through enlightenment); God’s own wisdom, displayed by him. |
| unsearchable riches of Christ | sự giàu có không thể dò được của Đấng Christ | su giau co | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 3:8 | Inexhaustible worth of the gospel message. |
| boldness | sự dạn dĩ | su dan di | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 3:12; 6:19-20 | Confident approach to God, contrasting fearful/appeasement-based approaches to spirits. |
Doctrine 6: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| heavenly places | các nơi trên trời | cac noi tren troi | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:3,20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12 | Never cõi trời (Buddhist deva/heavenly-rebirth realm); relational location “in Christ,” not a merit-attained cosmological realm. |
| ages to come | các thời đại hầu đến | cac thoi dai hau den | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:7 | Never kiếp (Buddhist cosmic cycle-era); linear historical epoch. |
| ruler of the power of the air | vua cầm quyền chốn không khí | vua cam quyen | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 2:2 | Names Satan personally — one defeated rebel under God’s sovereignty, not an impersonal class of aerial folk-spirits. |
| principalities, powers, rulers of darkness, spiritual hosts of wickedness | các quyền, các thế lực, các vua chúa của thế gian mờ tối này, các thần dữ ở các miền trên trời | cac quyen, cac the luc | Critical | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12 | Highest-stakes new syncretism risk in the book: a real but already-defeated hierarchy of fallen spiritual beings, subordinate to Christ (1:21); engaged only through prayer/faith/Scripture, never through folk exorcism, mediumship, ancestral appeasement, or protective amulets. |
| devil | ma quỉ | ma qui | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 4:27; 6:11 | Distinguish from bare ma (folk wandering ghost); names Satan, a specific personal defeated enemy. |
| schemes / wiles | mưu kế | muu ke | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 6:11 | Deliberate, organized deceptive strategy. |
| whole armor of God | khí giới của Đức Chúa Trời | khi gioi | Critical | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 6:11,13 | Not a magical amulet/charm (bùa) or protective object from a folk ritual specialist (thầy pháp/thầy cúng); God’s own provided spiritual equipment, received by faith, obedience, and prayer. |
| breastplate of righteousness | giáp bằng sự công bình | giap | High | [Romans TM root] | Human theologian | Eph 6:14 | Reuses sự công bình [Romans TM]; forensic righteousness as protection, not self-built moral-merit shield. |
| shield of faith | thuẫn đức tin | thuan duc tin | Medium | [Romans TM root] | Native speaker | Eph 6:16 | Reuses đức tin [Romans TM]; trust in Christ, not a talisman. |
| helmet of salvation | mão trụ bằng sự cứu rỗi | mao tru | High | [Romans TM root] | Human theologian | Eph 6:17 | Reuses sự cứu rỗi [Romans TM]; forbidden-substitution rule (never sự giải thoát) applies fully. |
| sword of the Spirit / word of God | gươm của Đức Thánh Linh, là lời của Đức Chúa Trời | guom | Medium | [Romans TM root] | Native speaker | Eph 6:17 | Reuses Đức Thánh Linh [Romans TM]. |
| praying always in the Spirit | cầu nguyện luôn…trong Đức Thánh Linh | cau nguyen | Critical | [Romans TM extension] | Human theologian | Eph 6:18 | Reactivates the baseline’s Critical intercession caution in warfare context: never modeled on petitioning ancestor/protective spirits. |
Doctrine 7: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| submit to one another | vâng phục nhau | vang phuc nhau | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 5:21 | Frames the household code as mutual, not one-directional; must be read with vv.22-33 together. |
| wives submit to husbands | vợ vâng phục chồng | vo vang phuc chong | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 5:22-24 | Qualified “as to the Lord”; distinguish from unconditional Confucian tam cương/tòng phu subordination. |
| husbands love wives | chồng yêu vợ | chong yeu vo | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 5:25-33 | Christ-modeled self-sacrificial love; the weightier, balancing obligation. |
| one flesh | nên một thịt | nen mot thit | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 5:31 | Genesis 2:24 marital-union formula applied typologically to Christ/church. |
| great mystery | sự mầu nhiệm lớn | su mau nhiem lon | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 5:32 | Links Mystery doctrine directly to Household Codes doctrine. |
| children obey parents in the Lord | con cái vâng phục cha mẹ…trong Chúa | con cai vang phuc cha me | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 6:1-3 | Distinct nuance from baseline’s đạo hiếu caution: text affirms filial obedience but relocates its ultimate ground and authority “in the Lord.” |
| honor your father and mother | hiếu kính cha mẹ | hieu kinh cha me | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 6:2-3 | Legitimate scriptural overlap with Confucian hiếu vocabulary; anchor to God’s commandment/promise, not ancestor-ritual obligation. |
| fathers, do not provoke your children | các người cha đừng chọc cho con cái mình tức giận | dung choc | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 6:4 | Reciprocal balance to the household code. |
| bondservants, masters | tôi mọi, chủ | toi moi, chu | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 6:5-9 | Requires historical-context teaching distinguishing 1st-century institution from later chattel slavery and from contemporary exploitative labor. |
| no partiality | không thiên vị | khong thien vi | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 6:9 | Extends Universal Human Accountability doctrine into household relations; some tension with honor-based deference norms. |
Doctrine 8: Gifts for Building Up the Church
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spiritual gifts | ân tứ thuộc linh | an tu thuoc linh | Medium | [Romans TM] | Native speaker | (general; cf. Eph 4:7 δωρεά) | Established; keep distinct from sự ban cho (v. Eph 2:8’s dōron, a different lexical item). |
| apostle | sứ đồ | su do | Medium | [Romans TM] | Native speaker | Eph 4:11 | Established. |
| prophet | tiên tri | tien tri | Low | [Romans TM] | Automated | Eph 4:11 | Established. |
| evangelist | người truyền giảng Tin Lành | nguoi truyen giang | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:11 | Built on Tin Lành [Romans TM]; established modern Vietnamese Protestant office. |
| pastor | người chăn / mục sư | nguoi chan / muc su | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:11 | Established modern Vietnamese Protestant clergy title. |
| teacher | người dạy dỗ | nguoi day do | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:11 | Keep distinct from generic religious-teacher roles (Buddhist monk/thầy, folk ritual specialist/thầy cúng). |
| equipping | sự trang bị trọn vẹn | su trang bi | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:12 | Preparing believers for functional ministry, not personal status. |
| building up (edification) | sự gây dựng | su gay dung | Low | [Romans TM doctrine, extended] | Automated | Eph 4:12,16,29 | Reuses Mutual Edification doctrine framing. |
| measure of the gift of Christ | lượng ban cho theo Đấng Christ | luong ban cho | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:7 | Individualized grace-apportionment for ministry. |
| baptism | phép báp-têm | phep bap-tem | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:5 | Established transliterated Vietnamese Bible sacramental term. |
Doctrine 9: Walking in Newness of Life
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Review Routing | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| walk (conduct of life) | ăn ở / bước đi | an o | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15 | Established Bản Dịch Truyền Thống idiom for περιπατέω; recurring keyword across the whole book. |
| old man / new man | người cũ / người mới | nguoi cu / nguoi moi | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 4:22-24 | Decisive Christ-accomplished identity change, not gradual Confucian/Buddhist-style self-cultivation. |
| renewed in the spirit of the mind | được đổi mới trong tâm thần | duoc doi moi | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 4:23 | Connects to Sanctification doctrine [Romans TM: sự nên thánh]. |
| grieve the Holy Spirit | làm buồn Đức Thánh Linh | lam buon | High | [Romans TM root] | Human theologian | Eph 4:30 | Reuses Đức Thánh Linh [Romans TM]; positive evidence of the Spirit’s personhood. |
| imitators of God | kẻ noi theo Đức Chúa Trời | ke noi theo | Medium | [NEW] | Native speaker | Eph 5:1 | Moral imitation of God’s character, not self-attained deification. |
| offering and sacrifice, fragrant aroma | lễ vật và của lễ có mùi thơm | le vat va cua le | Critical | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 5:2 | Highest-stakes new syncretism risk in ch.5: must be explicitly distinguished from ancestor-veneration incense/food offerings (đốt nhang, cúng lễ vật); Christ’s once-for-all atoning sacrifice, not a repeatable ritual believers replicate. |
| children of light / of darkness | con của sự sáng / sự tối tăm | con cua su sang | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 5:8 | Moral antithesis (light exposes/overcomes darkness), not a balanced yin-yang (âm dương) complementary dualism. |
| be filled with the Spirit | được đầy dẫy Đức Thánh Linh | duoc day day | Critical | [Romans TM root] | Human theologian | Eph 5:18 | Reuses Đức Thánh Linh [Romans TM]; must be distinguished from folk spirit-mediumship trance/possession (hầu đồng, lên đồng) — retained self-control and personal agency, not being “mounted” by a spirit. |
| descended / ascended | Ngài đã xuống / Ngài đã lên | Ngai da xuong / len | High | [NEW] | Human theologian | Eph 4:9-10 | Continuous with the Incarnation doctrine’s Critical caution against hóa thân (repeatable manifestation); a single historical event. |
General Christological & Confessional Terms Reused from Romans Baseline
The following terms recur in Ephesians without new doctrinal nuance beyond the baseline; they MUST be reused exactly per translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json.
| Term (EN) | Vietnamese | Risk | Key Ephesians Passages |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | Đức Chúa Trời | Critical | Eph 1:1-3,17; 2:4,8,10,19; 3:9; 4:6,24; 5:1,5,20; 6:6,17,23 |
| Jesus | Đức Chúa Giê-xu | Critical | Eph 1:1,15; 3:11; 6:23 |
| Christ (as name/title) | Đấng Christ | Critical | throughout — established transliteration per AI requirements’ transliteration standards |
| Lord | Chúa | High | Eph 1:2,3,15,17; 2:21; 4:1,5,17; 5:8,10,17,19,20,22; 6:1,4,5,7-9,10,21,23,24 |
| Holy Spirit | Đức Thánh Linh | Critical | Eph 1:13,17; 2:18,22; 3:5,16; 4:3,4,30; 5:18; 6:17,18 |
| Father | Cha | High | Eph 1:2,3,17; 2:18; 3:14; 4:6; 5:20; 6:23 |
| Son of God | Con Đức Chúa Trời | Critical | Eph 4:13 |
| resurrection (root) | sự sống lại | Critical | Eph 1:20; 2:5-6 (compound forms) |
| glory | sự vinh hiển | Medium | Eph 1:6,12,14,17,18; 3:13,16,21 |
| grace (see Doctrine 1) | ân điển | High | throughout |
| faith (see Doctrine 1) | đức tin | Medium | throughout |
| gospel | Tin Lành | Medium | Eph 1:13; 3:6; 6:15,19 |
| church (see Doctrine 3) | Hội Thánh | Medium | throughout |
| law | luật pháp | Medium | Eph 2:15 |
| sin | tội lỗi | Medium | Eph 2:1 |
| gentiles (see Doctrine 4) | dân ngoại | Medium | Eph 2:11; 3:1,6,8 |
| covenant | giao ước | Medium | Eph 2:12 |
| election (see Doctrine 2) | sự lựa chọn | High | Eph 1:4 |
| calling | sự kêu gọi | High | Eph 1:18; 4:1,4 |
| holy | thánh | Medium | Eph 1:1,4,15,18; 2:19,21; 3:5,8,18; 4:12,24,30; 5:3,27; 6:18 |
| saints | các thánh đồ | High | Eph 1:1,15,18; 2:19; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18 |
| sanctification | sự nên thánh | Medium | Eph 5:26 (context) |
| adoption | sự làm con nuôi | High | Eph 1:5 |
| peace | sự bình an | Medium | Eph 1:2; 2:14,15,17; 4:3; 6:15,23 |
| power of God | quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời | Medium | Eph 1:19; 3:7,16,20; 6:10 |
| thanksgiving | sự cảm tạ | Low | Eph 1:16; 5:4,20 |
| fellowship | sự thông công | Low | Eph 3:9 (context) |
| exhort | khích lệ | Low | Eph 4:1 (παρακαλῶ) |
| kingdom of God | Nước Đức Chúa Trời | Medium | Eph 5:5 |
Version and Enforcement Notes
- All
[NEW]entries above are proposed additions totranslation_memory.json; per the AI Translation Requirements (12_ai_translation_requirements.md), each must be assigned a risk level, recorded before segment translation proceeds, and flagged for theologian review where Critical or High. - Three risk areas identified in this glossary are not present in the Romans baseline and represent the primary new doctrinal-cultural exposure of the Ephesians curriculum: (1) the spiritual-powers/armor-of-God vocabulary colliding with Vietnamese folk spirit-hierarchy and protective-magic practice; (2) the household-codes vocabulary colliding with Confucian hierarchical family norms; (3) the sacrificial-offering and Spirit-filling vocabulary of Ephesians 5 colliding with ancestor-offering ritual and spirit-mediumship practice respectively. All three require mandatory human theologian review per the escalation rules and should be prioritized in Phase 2 back-translation review queues.
- This glossary, together with
07_semantic_analysis.md, supplies the Linguistic Gap Analysis basis referenced by the AI Translation Requirements’ “Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions,” §3(a).
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: sự cứu rỗi
Transliteration: su cuu roi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sự giải thoát
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:13; 2:5,8; 6:17. CRITICAL: NEVER sự giải thoát (Buddhist liberation from rebirth). Eph 6:17 pictures salvation as protective ‘helmet’; forbidden-substitution rule applies fully.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: sự sống lại
Transliteration: su song lai
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: sự đầu thai, luân hồi
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Root underlies Eph 1:20 (Christ’s own resurrection) and the compound ‘made alive/raised together with Christ’ of Eph 2:5-6. CRITICAL: never đầu thai/luân hồi (rebirth/reincarnation).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Con Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: Con Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 4:13 (‘the knowledge of the Son of God’).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Ngôi Lời trở nên xác thịt
Transliteration: Ngoi Loi tro nen xac thit
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: hóa thân
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (cf. Eph 4:9-10’s descent/ascent)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Ephesians to include Christ’s historical descent and ascent (4:9-10), a single unrepeated movement. NEVER bare hóa thân (bodhisattva’s/deity’s repeatable manifestation).
Intercession
Approved rendering: sự cầu thay
Transliteration: su cau thay
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: cầu xin tổ tiên
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated in Ephesians at 1:16; 3:14-19; 6:18-20 in the specific context of spiritual conflict. CRITICAL: never modeled on cầu xin tổ tiên (petitioning deceased ancestors).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Đức Chúa Giê-xu
Transliteration: Duc Chua Gie-xu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:1,15; 3:11; 6:23.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Đức Thánh Linh
Transliteration: Duc Thanh Linh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: thần linh
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Two major Ephesians reinforcing passages: Eph 4:30 (the Spirit can be grieved, positive evidence of personhood) and Eph 5:18 (being filled with the Spirit, requiring sharp distinction from spirit-mediumship trance practice). NEVER bare thần linh.
Christ Title
Approved rendering: Đấng Christ
Transliteration: Dang Christ
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Established Vietnamese Protestant Bible transliteration used as Christ’s proper title/name throughout Ephesians (distinct from Đấng Mê-si-a, reserved for explicit OT-promise contexts). Must remain consistent with Đức Chúa Giê-xu and never be replaced by a folk-deity honorific.
Made Alive With Christ
Approved rendering: được đồng sống lại với Đấng Christ
Transliteration: duoc dong song lai voi Dang Christ
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: đầu thai, luân hồi
Original: συζωοποιέω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Built on the sự sống lại root. Eph 2:5-6. NEVER rendered with vocabulary evoking đầu thai or luân hồi. A once-for-all spiritual union with Christ’s own historical, bodily resurrection, not a repeatable cycle.
Works Excluded
Approved rendering: việc làm / công việc
Transliteration: viec lam / cong viec
Doctrine: Exclusion of Works from Salvation
Rejected alternatives: công đức, đức hạnh
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:9. The single most theologically load-bearing new term after grace and faith. Must sharply exclude công đức (Buddhist accumulated merit) and đức hạnh-style Confucian moral achievement as any basis for salvation; mandatory human theologian review per the grace-vs-works escalation rule.
Predestination
Approved rendering: sự định trước
Transliteration: su dinh truoc
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: số phận, số mệnh, định mệnh, nghiệp
Original: προορίζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 1:5,11. Highest-stakes new term in this doctrine area. Vietnamese folk fatalistic vocabulary (số phận, số mệnh, định mệnh, nghiệp) must never be used; must be taught as the sovereign, personal, loving plan of a covenant God who also holds people responsible and calls them to freely believe (1:13).
Principalities And Powers
Approved rendering: các quyền, các thế lực, các vua chúa của thế gian mờ tối này, các thần dữ ở các miền trên trời
Transliteration: cac quyen, cac the luc, cac vua chua cua the gian mo toi nay, cac than du o cac mien tren troi
Doctrine: The Heavenly Places and the Spiritual Powers
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους τούτου, τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12. The single highest-stakes new syncretism risk relative to the Romans baseline. Must be taught as a real, organized, but already-defeated hierarchy subordinate to Christ (1:21), engaged exclusively through prayer/faith/Scripture, never folk exorcism, mediumship, ancestral appeasement, or protective amulets.
Armor Of God
Approved rendering: khí giới của Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: khi gioi cua Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: bùa
Original: ἡ πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Eph 6:11,13. Must be sharply distinguished from folk-magic protective objects (bùa, talismans, items from thầy pháp/thầy cúng); God’s own provided spiritual equipment, received by faith, obedience, and prayer, not acquired through ritual.
Praying In The Spirit
Approved rendering: cầu nguyện luôn…trong Đức Thánh Linh
Transliteration: cau nguyen luon…trong Duc Thanh Linh
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession in Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: cầu xin tổ tiên
Original: προσευχόμενοι ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Faith
NEW, extends the sự cầu thay root. Eph 6:18-20. Never modeled on petitioning ancestor spirits or invoking protective folk deities for aid in battle; communion with the personal Holy Spirit, grounded in Christ’s finished victory over the powers (1:20-21).
Offering And Sacrifice
Approved rendering: lễ vật và của lễ có mùi thơm
Transliteration: le vat va cua le co mui thom
Doctrine: The Sacrificial, Self-Giving Love of Christ
Rejected alternatives: đốt nhang, cúng lễ vật
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας
Category: Christology
NEW. Eph 5:2. Closely resembles the Vietnamese ancestor-veneration practice of burning incense (đốt nhang) and presenting food offerings (cúng lễ vật). Requires an explicit teaching note in every occurrence: Christ’s self-offering is unique, once-for-all, historical, presented to God the Father — never a repeatable ritual believers replicate toward Christ, ancestors, or spirits. Human theologian review mandatory.
Filled With The Spirit
Approved rendering: được đầy dẫy Đức Thánh Linh
Transliteration: duoc day day Duc Thanh Linh
Doctrine: Being Filled with the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: hầu đồng, lên đồng
Original: πληροῦσθε ἐν πνεύματι
Category: God
NEW, built on Đức Thánh Linh. Eph 5:18. Vietnamese spirit-mediumship trance (hầu đồng/lên đồng) is a live, doctrinally opposite cultural template. Must be taught as retaining full personal identity, moral responsibility, and rational self-control, not a trance state of being taken over or displaced. Human theologian review mandatory.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: ân điển
Transliteration: an dien
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: phước đức, công đức, ơn nghĩa
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:6-7; 2:5,7,8; 3:2,7; 4:7. Never phước đức/công đức (Buddhist merit) or ơn nghĩa (Confucian reciprocal-debt favor). Eph 2:8-9’s grace-works antithesis is the sharpest statement of this contrast in the curriculum.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sự công bình
Transliteration: su cong binh
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: đức hạnh
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 4:24; 5:9; 6:14. Forensic, Christ-given standing; in 6:14 (‘breastplate of righteousness’) functions as protection, not a self-built moral-merit shield.
Saints
Approved rendering: các thánh đồ
Transliteration: cac thanh do
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: các thánh
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:1,15,18; 2:19; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18. Never shorten to bare các thánh (deified folk heroes worshipped at temples).
Adoption
Approved rendering: sự làm con nuôi
Transliteration: su lam con nuoi
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:5. Grace and intimacy, not Confucian hierarchical filial obligation (hiếu).
Lord
Approved rendering: Chúa
Transliteration: Chua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds every household relationship in Eph 5:22-6:9 (‘as to the Lord,’ ‘the same Lord in heaven,’ 6:9); must be distinguished from κύριος’s ordinary secular sense for a human master appearing in the same passage (6:5-9), which the text itself relativizes under Christ’s supreme Lordship.
God
Approved rendering: Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Ông Trời
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Every occurrence throughout Ephesians (1:1-3,17; 2:4,8,10,19; 3:9; 4:6,24; 5:1,5,20; 6:6,17,23) should carry enough context that a personal, covenant-making God is meant, not the impersonal fate-dispensing Ông Trời of folk speech.
Father
Approved rendering: Cha
Transliteration: Cha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 3:14’s kneeling before ‘the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named’ is a direct, intentional wordplay the Vietnamese rendering should preserve where possible.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: sự thịnh nộ
Transliteration: su thinh no
Doctrine: Universal Human Depravity (Dead in Trespasses)
Rejected alternatives: nghiệp báo
Original: ὀργή
Category: God
NEW. Eph 2:3 (‘children of wrath by nature’); 5:6. Never impersonal karmic retribution (nghiệp báo); God’s wrath is the holy, personal, judicial response of a covenant God.
Good Works
Approved rendering: việc lành
Transliteration: viec lanh
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: ἔργα ἀγαθά
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:10; 4:28. Uses the same Greek root as works_excluded (Eph 2:9) in the opposite theological direction; carry a translator note contrasting the two occurrences so readers do not reintroduce a merit-based reading.
Gift Of God
Approved rendering: sự ban cho (của Đức Chúa Trời)
Transliteration: su ban cho (cua Duc Chua Troi)
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: ơn nghĩa, phước đức, công đức
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:8. Kept visibly distinct from ân tứ (spiritual gift/charisma); creates no debt, contrasts with ơn nghĩa and phước đức/công đức.
Mercy
Approved rendering: sự thương xót
Transliteration: su thuong xot
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: từ bi
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW. Eph 2:4. Distinguish from Buddhist từ bi (compassion, often a virtue cultivated by the compassionate one, e.g. a bodhisattva); God’s mercy is a personal, relational, initiating response toward specific persons he loves.
Redemption
Approved rendering: sự cứu chuộc
Transliteration: su cuu chuoc
Doctrine: Redemption and Inheritance in Christ
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 1:7,14; 4:30. Not repayment of a karmic or ancestral debt through one’s own labor; the price is paid entirely by Christ, received by grace, echoing Eph 2:8-9 directly.
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: huyết
Transliteration: huyet
Doctrine: Redemption and Inheritance in Christ
Original: αἷμα
Category: Salvation
NEW headword, standard established Vietnamese Bible vocabulary. Eph 1:7. In ordinary Vietnamese usage huyết/dòng huyết also connotes bloodline/clan descent; must be anchored clearly to Christ’s atoning sacrificial death, not ancestral-bloodline covenant concepts.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: cơ nghiệp
Transliteration: co nghiep
Doctrine: Redemption and Inheritance in Christ
Rejected alternatives: hương hỏa
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 1:11,14,18; 3:6; 5:5. Distinguish from hương hỏa (ancestral estate maintained to fund ancestor-worship rites); received by grace, no ritual-maintenance duty toward the dead, not forfeitable by failing a family duty.
Sealed By Spirit
Approved rendering: được đóng dấu
Transliteration: duoc dong dau
Doctrine: Sealing of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: bùa
Original: σφραγίζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 1:13; 4:30. Not a protective amulet/charm (bùa); the Spirit’s own personal, ownership-marking presence, not a magical object acquired through ritual.
Rulers Authorities Ch1
Approved rendering: mọi quyền cai trị, mọi thẩm quyền, mọi quyền năng, mọi quyền thống trị
Transliteration: moi quyen cai tri, moi tham quyen, moi quyen nang, moi quyen thong tri
Doctrine: The Heavenly Places and the Spiritual Powers
Original: ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, δύναμις, κυριότης
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 1:21. A fourfold naming of ranked spiritual/angelic-demonic powers over which Christ is exalted supreme; must never be taught as adding Christ to the Vietnamese folk spirit hierarchy (thần, thổ địa, thành hoàng, tổ tiên, vong linh) as its highest member, but as placing him in absolute, unrivaled supremacy over any and every such power.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: thân thể
Transliteration: than the
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 1:23; 4:4,12,16; 5:23,30. Organic, living union with Christ and one another, not mere institutional membership; must not be confused with the resurrection-body vocabulary used of Christ’s own physical resurrection body.
Head Of Church
Approved rendering: đầu
Transliteration: dau
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 1:22; 4:15; 5:23. Sets up the ch.5 marriage application of the same metaphor; loving, self-giving headship (cf. 5:25), not raw hierarchical dominance.
Fullness Of Christ
Approved rendering: sự đầy dẫy
Transliteration: su day day
Doctrine: The Fullness of Christ Displayed in the Church
Rejected alternatives: viên mãn
Original: πλήρωμα
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 1:23; 3:19; 4:13. Avoid the Sino-Vietnamese Buddhist term viên mãn (self-attained perfect completion through spiritual practice); Christ’s own overflowing presence given to and displayed in the Church, not achieved by it.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: người nhà của Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: nguoi nha cua Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple and Household
Original: οἰκεῖοι τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:19. Resonates powerfully with Vietnamese family culture, but must be taught as a spiritual family transcending and reordering biological clan, lineage, and ancestor-veneration loyalties — relativizing, not erasing, filial devotion to living parents.
Holy Temple
Approved rendering: đền thờ thánh
Transliteration: den tho thanh
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple and Household
Rejected alternatives: đền
Original: ναὸς ἅγιος
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:21. Never render bare as đền (a folk temple to a deified hero or local spirit); always use the qualified compound đền thờ, reinforced by thánh, taught as the corporate people, not merely a building.
One New Man
Approved rendering: một người mới (một nhân loại mới)
Transliteration: mot nguoi moi (mot nhan loai moi)
Doctrine: One New Humanity Created in Christ
Original: ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:15. Keep the parenthetical clarifier visible in teaching materials to preserve the corporate sense, distinct from the individual ‘new self’ of 4:24; a genuinely new corporate reality, not a coalition of two unchanged groups.
Abolished
Approved rendering: bãi bỏ / phá đổ
Transliteration: bai bo / pha do
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: καταργέω
Category: Covenant
NEW. Eph 2:15. Refers to the Law’s ceremonial/boundary-marking function separating Jew and Gentile only — not the moral law’s abiding validity; requires human theologian review to prevent readers wrongly concluding the whole Law has been erased.
Reconcile
Approved rendering: hòa giải
Transliteration: hoa giai
Doctrine: One New Humanity Created in Christ
Rejected alternatives: cúng giải hạn
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:16. Must be distinguished from Vietnamese folk-religious appeasement rituals (cúng giải hạn); biblical reconciliation is accomplished once for all by Christ’s finished sacrificial death, not achieved or maintained by ongoing ritual.
Access To God
Approved rendering: được đến gần
Transliteration: duoc den gan
Doctrine: Direct Access to God through Christ
Rejected alternatives: cầu xin tổ tiên
Original: προσαγωγή
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:18; 3:12. Reinforces the baseline’s caution against modeling access to God on ancestor petition (cầu xin tổ tiên); direct, unmediated approach to the Father through Christ and the Spirit, no intermediary.
Mystery
Approved rendering: sự mầu nhiệm
Transliteration: su mau nhiem
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: huyền bí
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 1:9; 3:3,4,6,9; 5:32; 6:19. Must be sharply distinguished from esoteric/occult huyền bí (secret knowledge attained through ritual or meditative initiation reserved for adepts); Paul’s mystērion was hidden but is now openly proclaimed to everyone.
Revealed
Approved rendering: được bày tỏ / được tỏ ra
Transliteration: duoc bay to / duoc to ra
Doctrine: Inspiration of Apostolic Revelation
Original: ἀποκαλύπτω
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 3:5. God-given revelation to chosen apostles/prophets, not insight attained through meditative enlightenment or sage-transmission (Buddhist/Confucian models).
Manifold Wisdom Of God
Approved rendering: sự khôn sáng nhiều mặt của Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: su khon sang nhieu mat cua Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: The Manifold Wisdom of God Displayed through the Church
Rejected alternatives: trí tuệ, Prajñā
Original: ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW. Eph 3:10. Distinguish from Buddhist trí tuệ/Prajñā (wisdom attained through enlightened insight and spiritual cultivation); God’s own eternal wisdom, displayed by him through the Church, not a state humans achieve.
Boldness
Approved rendering: sự dạn dĩ
Transliteration: su dan di
Doctrine: Direct Access to God through Christ
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
NEW. Eph 3:12; 6:19-20. Confident, unashamed approach to God grounded in Christ’s finished work, contrasting fearful or appeasement-based approaches to spirits/ancestors.
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: các nơi trên trời
Transliteration: cac noi tren troi
Doctrine: The Heavenly Places and the Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: cõi trời
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Eph 1:3,20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12. Cõi trời (Buddhist deva/heavenly-rebirth realm attained by merit) must NEVER be used; always anchor to ‘in Christ Jesus’ — a relational, not merit-attained, location.
Ages To Come
Approved rendering: các thời đại hầu đến
Transliteration: cac thoi dai hau den
Doctrine: The Heavenly Places and the Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: kiếp
Original: οἱ αἰῶνες οἱ ἐπερχόμενοι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Eph 2:7. Never kiếp (a Sino-Vietnamese Buddhist cosmic cycle-era within samsara); retain the neutral, linear-historical thời đại.
Ruler Of Power Of Air
Approved rendering: vua cầm quyền chốn không khí
Transliteration: vua cam quyen chon khong khi
Doctrine: The Devil as a Personal, Defeated Enemy
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος
Category: Christology
NEW. Eph 2:2. Names Satan personally — a single defeated rebel under God’s ultimate sovereignty — not a class of impersonal aerial folk-spirits to be placated or feared.
Devil
Approved rendering: ma quỉ
Transliteration: ma qui
Doctrine: The Devil as a Personal, Defeated Enemy
Rejected alternatives: ma
Original: διάβολος
Category: Christology
NEW headword, established Vietnamese Bible vocabulary. Eph 4:27; 6:11. Must be distinguished from bare ma (a wandering ghost/spirit of the dead in Vietnamese folk belief); names a specific personal fallen being under God’s judgment and Christ’s authority.
Schemes Of Devil
Approved rendering: mưu kế
Transliteration: muu ke
Doctrine: The Devil as a Personal, Defeated Enemy
Original: αἱ μεθοδεῖαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Eph 6:11. Organized, deliberate, deceptive strategy, not random temptation; requires a correspondingly deliberate defense (the armor).
Breastplate Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: giáp bằng sự công bình
Transliteration: giap bang su cong binh
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ὁ θώραξ τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Eschatology
NEW, built on the sự công bình root. Eph 6:14. Received, Christ-given righteousness functioning as protection, not a self-built moral-merit shield.
Helmet Of Salvation
Approved rendering: mão trụ bằng sự cứu rỗi
Transliteration: mao tru bang su cuu roi
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: sự giải thoát
Original: ἡ περικεφαλαία τοῦ σωτηρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW, built on the sự cứu rỗi root. Eph 6:17. Forbidden-substitution rule (never sự giải thoát) applies fully; must not become a talisman-like object independent of trust in Christ’s finished saving work.
Submit To One Another
Approved rendering: vâng phục nhau
Transliteration: vang phuc nhau
Doctrine: Household Codes: Husbands and Wives
Original: ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 5:21. Frames the household code as mutual, not one-directional; must be read together with vv.22-33, not isolated.
Wives Submit To Husbands
Approved rendering: vợ vâng phục chồng…như vâng phục Chúa vậy
Transliteration: vo vang phuc chong…nhu vang phuc Chua vay
Doctrine: Household Codes: Husbands and Wives
Original: αἱ γυναῖκες τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν ὑποτασσέσθωσαν ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 5:22-24. Sits in tension with the Confucian tam cương/tòng phu framework of unconditional wifely subordination; the qualifier ‘as to the Lord’ and the husband’s weightier obligation (v.25) must be taught together.
Husbands Love Wives
Approved rendering: chồng yêu vợ…như Đấng Christ đã yêu Hội Thánh, phó chính mình vì Hội Thánh
Transliteration: chong yeu vo…nhu Dang Christ da yeu Hoi Thanh, pho chinh minh vi Hoi Thanh
Doctrine: Household Codes: Husbands and Wives
Original: οἱ ἄνδρες, ἀγαπᶰτε τᶰς γυναῖκας, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησεν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 5:25-33. Self-sacrificial, Christ-modeled love as the husband’s defining, weightier obligation; must not be isolated from v.22.
Great Mystery Of Marriage
Approved rendering: sự mầu nhiệm lớn
Transliteration: su mau nhiem lon
Doctrine: Household Codes: Husbands and Wives
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα ἐστίν
Category: Family
NEW, built on sự mầu nhiệm. Eph 5:32. Ties the Mystery of Christ doctrine directly to the Household Codes doctrine.
Children Obey Parents
Approved rendering: con cái vâng phục cha mẹ…trong Chúa
Transliteration: con cai vang phuc cha me…trong Chua
Doctrine: Household Codes: Children and Parents
Original: τὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 6:1-3. Distinct nuance from the baseline’s caution about đạo hiếu as a wrong basis for gospel-obedience: here the text commands filial obedience but relocates its ultimate ground and authority ‘in the Lord.‘
Honor Father And Mother
Approved rendering: hiếu kính cha mẹ
Transliteration: hieu kinh cha me
Doctrine: Household Codes: Children and Parents
Original: τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα
Category: Family
NEW headword, established Vietnamese Bible rendering. Eph 6:2-3, citing Exodus 20:12. A place where Scripture’s own vocabulary appropriately overlaps with Confucian hiếu language; anchor to God’s own commandment and promise, not ancestor-worship ritual obligation.
Bondservants And Masters
Approved rendering: tôi mọi, chủ
Transliteration: toi moi, chu
Doctrine: Household Codes: Bondservants and Masters
Original: δοῦλοι, κύριοι
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 6:5-9. Requires explicit historical-context teaching distinguishing the first-century institution from later chattel slavery and from license for contemporary exploitative labor.
Old Man New Man
Approved rendering: người cũ / người mới
Transliteration: nguoi cu / nguoi moi
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ὁ παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / ὁ καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Eph 4:22-24. Must convey a decisive, Christ-accomplished change of identity, not gradual moral self-improvement resembling Confucian self-cultivation (tu thân) or Buddhist purification across lifetimes.
Grieve The Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: làm buồn Đức Thánh Linh
Transliteration: lam buon Duc Thanh Linh
Doctrine: Grieving the Holy Spirit as Evidence of His Personhood
Original: μὴ λυπεῖτε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God
NEW, built on Đức Thánh Linh. Eph 4:30. Positive teaching opportunity: the Spirit can be grieved precisely because he is a personal divine being, not an impersonal force or generic folk spirit category (thần linh).
Children Of Light And Darkness
Approved rendering: con của sự sáng / con của sự tối tăm
Transliteration: con cua su sang / con cua su toi tam
Doctrine: Children of Light, Not of Darkness
Rejected alternatives: âm dương
Original: τέκνα φωτός / τέκνα σκότους
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Eph 5:8. Must be clearly distinguished from a yin-yang (âm dương)-style balanced, complementary dualism; biblical light/darkness is a moral antithesis in which light is called to expose and overcome darkness.
Descended And Ascended
Approved rendering: Ngài đã xuống / Ngài đã lên
Transliteration: Ngai da xuong / Ngai da len
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Ascension of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hóa thân
Original: κατέβη / ἀνέβη
Category: Christology
NEW. Eph 4:9-10. Directly continuous with the Incarnation doctrine’s Critical caution against hóa thân — a single, historical, unrepeated movement in the identity of the one eternal Son, never one of several possible manifestations.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Tin Lành
Transliteration: tin lanh
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: tin tức tốt lành
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:13; 3:6; 6:15,19. Established Vietnamese Protestant Bible term (‘good news’). In Ephesians the gospel’s specific content includes the union of Jew and Gentile in Christ; must not be diluted into generic good news.
Faith
Approved rendering: đức tin
Transliteration: duc tin
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 2:8; 3:12,17; 4:5,13; 6:16. Object of faith always Christ; in 6:16 pictured as a battle-shield of active trust, not a talisman.
Apostle
Approved rendering: sứ đồ
Transliteration: su do
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 2:20; 3:5; 4:11.
Called
Approved rendering: được kêu gọi
Transliteration: duoc keu goi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 4:1,4. Ties the ethical ‘walk’ directly to God’s prior summons.
Calling
Approved rendering: sự kêu gọi
Transliteration: su keu goi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: số phận
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:18; 4:1,4. Never conflate with số phận (fixed fate/destiny).
Holy
Approved rendering: thánh
Transliteration: thanh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout Ephesians (1:1,4,15,18; 2:19,21; 3:5,8,18; 4:12,24,30; 5:3,27; 6:18).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sự nên thánh
Transliteration: su nen thanh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 5:26 (Christ sanctifying the church, washing by the word).
Peace
Approved rendering: sự bình an
Transliteration: su binh an
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 2:14-17 adds a horizontal, social-unity (Jew-Gentile) dimension to the baseline’s vertical, justification sense; both senses must be taught together. Also Eph 1:2; 4:3; 6:15,23.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ân tứ thuộc linh
Transliteration: an tu thuoc linh
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: δωρεά / χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 4:7-11’s specific gifted offices (apostle, prophet, evangelist, pastor, teacher) are a distinct application; keep distinct from sự ban cho (Eph 2:8’s dōron, salvation itself as gift).
Church
Approved rendering: Hội Thánh
Transliteration: Hoi Thanh
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: đền, chùa
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central Ephesians term: 1:22-23; 3:10,21; 5:23-32. Never đền or chùa.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Nước Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: Nuoc Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 5:5.
Law
Approved rendering: luật pháp
Transliteration: luat phap
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 2:15’s ‘law of commandments’ functions here specifically as the ceremonial/boundary-marking barrier between Jew and Gentile; see ‘abolished’ entry for the delicate distinction required.
Sin
Approved rendering: tội lỗi
Transliteration: toi loi
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: nghiệp xấu
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 2:1, paired emphatically with ‘trespasses’ (παράπτωμα) — both describe one comprehensive fallen condition, not two graded classes of wrongdoing akin to karmic weighting.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: dân ngoại
Transliteration: dan ngoai
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 2:11; 3:1,6,8.
Glory
Approved rendering: sự vinh hiển
Transliteration: su vinh hien
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Refrain ‘to the praise of his glory’ recurs Eph 1:6,12,14; also 1:17,18; 3:13,16,21.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: quyen nang cua Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:19; 3:7,16,20; 6:10.
Covenant
Approved rendering: giao ước
Transliteration: giao uoc
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 2:12 ‘covenants of promise’ names Israel’s covenant privileges from which Gentiles were formerly excluded.
Election
Approved rendering: sự lựa chọn
Transliteration: su lua chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: số mệnh
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 1:4 (‘he chose us in him before the foundation of the world’). Never số mệnh (fate).
Abba
Approved rendering: Áp-ba
Transliteration: Ap-ba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Retained alongside Cha per baseline convention; not directly repeated in Ephesians but retained for cross-document consistency with Romans 8:15.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: lỗi lầm
Transliteration: loi lam
Doctrine: Universal Human Depravity (Dead in Trespasses)
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
NEW. Eph 2:1,5. Must be kept visibly distinct from tội lỗi (sin) to preserve Paul’s twofold phrase; must not be softened into ‘mistakes’ (unintentional error), which would erase moral culpability.
Spiritually Dead
Approved rendering: đã chết (về mặt thuộc linh)
Transliteration: da chet (ve mat thuoc linh)
Doctrine: Universal Human Depravity (Dead in Trespasses)
Original: νεκρός
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:1,5. Spiritual death — separation from God’s life — not physical death or an intermediate state awaiting rebirth; pairs with the Critical resurrection vocabulary of v.5’s reversal.
Workmanship
Approved rendering: công việc tạo thành (của Đức Chúa Trời)
Transliteration: cong viec tao thanh (cua Duc Chua Troi)
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:10. Believer is God’s product, not the source of salvation.
New Creation Act
Approved rendering: được dựng nên / được tạo dựng
Transliteration: duoc dung nen / duoc tao dung
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Root, of Salvation
Original: κτίζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:10; 4:24. New-creation act, not self-improvement.
By Nature
Approved rendering: theo bổn tính
Transliteration: theo bon tinh
Doctrine: Universal Human Depravity (Dead in Trespasses)
Original: φύσις
Category: Sin
NEW. Eph 2:3. Inherited universal condition in Adam; does not deny moral responsibility, unlike fatalistic ‘born flawed’ folk framing.
Flesh Sinful Nature
Approved rendering: xác thịt
Transliteration: xac thit
Doctrine: Universal Human Depravity (Dead in Trespasses)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
NEW headword, though the word already appears as the root of the incarnation phrase. Eph 2:3. Context must disambiguate the neutral physical sense (e.g., Eph 5:31 ‘one flesh’) from this negative, fallen-nature sense.
Boast
Approved rendering: khoe mình / tự hào
Transliteration: khoe minh / tu hao
Doctrine: Exclusion of Works from Salvation
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 2:9. Excludes self-credit before God specifically, not a generic cultural modesty virtue.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: sự tha thứ
Transliteration: su tha thu
Doctrine: Redemption and Inheritance in Christ
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Eph 1:7. Full remission/cancellation of moral debt, not mere overlooking.
Guarantee Earnest
Approved rendering: của cầm
Transliteration: cua cam
Doctrine: Sealing of the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
NEW headword, established Vietnamese Bible commercial-pledge idiom. Eph 1:14. The Spirit’s present indwelling guarantees, but does not yet exhaust, the believer’s full future inheritance.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: ý muốn / ý định
Transliteration: y muon / y dinh
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: θέλημα / βουλή
Category: God
NEW. Eph 1:5,9,11. God’s own sovereign, personal purpose; not an impersonal fate.
Divine Power Terms
Approved rendering: quyền năng, năng lực, quyền lực, sức mạnh
Transliteration: quyen nang, nang luc, quyen luc, suc manh
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις, ἐνέργεια, κράτος, ἰσχύς
Category: God
NEW, built on the power_of_god root. Eph 1:19. A rhetorical stacking of near-synonyms for the sheer magnitude of resurrection-power; anticipates the armor-of-God vocabulary of ch.6.
Unity Of Spirit
Approved rendering: sự hiệp một của Thánh Linh / dây liên kết của sự bình an
Transliteration: su hiep mot cua Thanh Linh / day lien ket cua su binh an
Doctrine: Unity of the Spirit in the Church
Original: ἑνότης τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Church
NEW, built on the sự bình an root. Eph 4:3. Spirit-given unity believers already possess and are exhorted to keep, not create.
Mature Man
Approved rendering: người trưởng thành / bậc thành nhân
Transliteration: nguoi truong thanh / bac thanh nhan
Doctrine: Corporate Spiritual Maturity of the Church
Original: ἀνὴρ τέλειος
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 4:13. Corporate spiritual maturity/Christlikeness as the church’s shared growth goal, distinct from an individual’s private meditative attainment.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: đá góc nhà
Transliteration: da goc nha
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple and Household
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:20. Christ as the stone anchoring and uniting the whole structure.
Dwelling Place Of God
Approved rendering: nơi Đức Chúa Trời ngự
Transliteration: noi Duc Chua Troi ngu
Doctrine: The Church as God’s Temple and Household
Original: κατοικητήριον
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:22. God’s own chosen residence, not a shrine housing an image or relic.
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: vách ngăn
Transliteration: vach ngan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: τὸ μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:14. Likely alludes to the Jerusalem Temple’s barrier; requires a Temple-architecture explanatory note for readers with low OT literacy.
Enmity
Approved rendering: sự thù nghịch
Transliteration: su thu nghich
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἔχθρα
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:14,16. Active hostility, not mere difference.
Fellow Citizens
Approved rendering: đồng công dân
Transliteration: dong cong dan
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: συμπολῖται
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:19. Corporate identity metaphor reinforcing the one-new-man doctrine.
Strangers Aliens
Approved rendering: người xa lạ / khách lạ
Transliteration: nguoi xa la / khach la
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ξένος
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 2:12,19. Gentiles’ former excluded status, now removed in Christ.
Hope
Approved rendering: sự trông cậy
Transliteration: su trong cay
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW headword, established Vietnamese Bible term. Eph 1:18; 2:12 (Gentiles’ former state: ‘having no hope and without God in the world’); 4:4. Contrast fatalistic resignation in folk belief; biblical hope is certain because it rests on a personal, promise-keeping God.
Stewardship
Approved rendering: chức vụ quản trị
Transliteration: chuc vu quan tri
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: οἰκονομία
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 3:2,9. Paul’s entrusted role as a trusted management assignment, not self-appointed authority.
Unsearchable Riches Of Christ
Approved rendering: sự giàu có không thể dò được của Đấng Christ
Transliteration: su giau co khong the do duoc cua Dang Christ
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: τὸ ἀνεξιχνίαστον πλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW. Eph 3:8. Christ’s inexhaustible resources, the content of Paul’s gospel preaching to the Gentiles.
Shield Of Faith
Approved rendering: thuẫn đức tin
Transliteration: thuan duc tin
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ὁ θυρεὸς τῆς πίστεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW, built on the đức tin root. Eph 6:16. Trust in Christ, not a magical protective object.
Sword Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: gươm của Đức Thánh Linh, là lời của Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: guom cua Duc Thanh Linh, la loi cua Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ἡ μάχαιρα τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW, built on the Đức Thánh Linh root. Eph 6:17. Scripture, wielded by the Spirit, as the sole offensive weapon.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: nên một thịt
Transliteration: nen mot thit
Doctrine: Household Codes: Husbands and Wives
Original: μία σάρξ
Category: Family
NEW, built on the xác thịt root in its neutral physical/marital sense. Eph 5:31. Genesis 2:24 marital-union formula applied typologically to Christ and the Church.
Fathers Do Not Provoke
Approved rendering: các người cha đừng chọc cho con cái mình tức giận
Transliteration: cac nguoi cha dung choc cho con cai minh tuc gian
Doctrine: Household Codes: Children and Parents
Original: οἱ πατέρες, μὴ παροργίζετε τᶰ τέκνα ὑμῶν
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 6:4. Reciprocal household-code balance, paralleling the husband/wife balance in ch.5.
No Partiality
Approved rendering: không thiên vị
Transliteration: khong thien vi
Doctrine: Household Codes: Bondservants and Masters
Original: οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία
Category: Family
NEW. Eph 6:9. Grounds servant/master equality before Christ; some tension with Vietnamese honor-based social deference norms (kính trên nhường dưới).
Evangelist
Approved rendering: người truyền giảng Tin Lành
Transliteration: nguoi truyen giang Tin Lanh
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church
NEW, built on Tin Lành. Eph 4:11. Established modern Vietnamese Protestant office.
Pastor
Approved rendering: người chăn / mục sư
Transliteration: nguoi chan / muc su
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 4:11. Established modern Vietnamese Protestant clergy title.
Teacher
Approved rendering: người dạy dỗ
Transliteration: nguoi day do
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 4:11. Keep distinct from generic religious-teacher roles (Buddhist monk/thầy, folk ritual specialist/thầy cúng).
Equipping
Approved rendering: sự trang bị trọn vẹn
Transliteration: su trang bi tron ven
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: καταρτισμός
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 4:12. Preparing believers for functional ministry, not personal status.
Measure Of Gift Of Christ
Approved rendering: lượng ban cho theo Đấng Christ
Transliteration: luong ban cho theo Dang Christ
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: ἡ δωρεὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Eph 4:7. Individualized grace-apportionment for ministry, given by Christ to each believer.
Baptism
Approved rendering: phép báp-têm
Transliteration: phep bap-tem
Doctrine: Unity of the Spirit in the Church
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Church
NEW headword, established transliterated Vietnamese Bible sacramental term. Eph 4:5, part of the sevenfold unity confession.
Walk Conduct Of Life
Approved rendering: ăn ở / bước đi
Transliteration: an o / buoc di
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW headword, established Bản Dịch Truyền Thống idiom for περιπατέω. Recurs Eph 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15 — the governing keyword tying the whole book together; must be rendered consistently, not as literal ambulation.
Renewed In Mind
Approved rendering: được đổi mới trong tâm thần
Transliteration: duoc doi moi trong tam than
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: ἀνανεοῦσθαι τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Eph 4:23. Connects to the Sanctification doctrine (sự nên thánh).
Imitators Of God
Approved rendering: kẻ noi theo Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: ke noi theo Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Original: μιμηταὶ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Eph 5:1. Moral imitation of God’s character, specifically his self-giving love; must be distinguished from any implication of self-attained deification.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: sứ giả
Transliteration: su gia
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation in Ephesians
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Church
NEW, distinct from sứ đồ (apostle, a specific commissioned office). Eph 6:20. Paul’s self-description as an authorized representative of the gospel even while imprisoned.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: sự cảm tạ
Transliteration: su cam ta
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 1:16; 5:4,20.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: sự thông công
Transliteration: su thong cong
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 3:9.
Prophet
Approved rendering: tiên tri
Transliteration: tien tri
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: thầy bói
Original: προφήτης
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Ephesians at 2:20; 3:5; 4:11. Do not confuse with thầy bói (fortune-teller).
Exhort
Approved rendering: khích lệ
Transliteration: khich le
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Eph 4:1 (‘I…urge/exhort you to walk worthy of the calling’).
Referenced passages