08 Core Glossary — 3 John

This glossary lists every load-bearing theological/doctrinal term identified in the 3 John semantic analysis (07_semantic_analysis.md), with the required Vietnamese rendering, risk tier, and grounded translation-risk reasoning. Terms marked (reused) carry forward the exact rendering from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json per project rule and must not be altered.

Reused Baseline Terms (exact reuse required)

English	Greek	Transliteration	Vietnamese	Risk	Doctrine	Verses	Reuse note
God	θεός	theos	Đức Chúa Trời	Critical	(God)	1:6, 1:11 (x2)	Reused exactly from baseline; every occurrence should retain the personal, covenant-making sense, not Ông Trời folk-fate framing
Church	ἐκκλησία	ekklēsia	Hội Thánh	Medium	Church Leadership and Pride	1:6, 1:9, 1:10	Reused exactly from baseline; never đền/chùa
Peace	εἰρήνη	eirēnē	sự bình an	Medium	Truth and Christian Fellowship	1:14	Reused exactly from baseline; here an epistolary blessing, narrower than Romans 5:1’s justification-peace, but same Vietnamese term required for cross-curriculum consistency

New Terms Introduced by 3 John

English	Greek	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Vietnamese	Risk	Doctrine	Verses	Reason / Cultural Collision Note
Elder	πρεσβύτερος	presbyteros	older man; office-bearer	trưởng lão	Medium	Church Leadership and Pride	1:1	Self-designation of relational-pastoral, not merely institutional, authority
Beloved	ἀγαπητός	agapētos	dearly loved	yêu dấu / (người) yêu dấu	Low-Medium	Truth and Christian Fellowship	1:1, 1:2 (implied), 1:5, 1:11	Vocative term of pastoral affection; low syncretism risk
Truth	ἀλήθεια	alētheia	truth, reality	lẽ thật	High	Truth and Christian Fellowship	1:1, 1:3 (x2), 1:4, 1:8, 1:12 (x2)	Central term of the letter (6 occurrences in 14 verses). MUST NOT be rendered “chân lý,” the Vietnamese Buddhist term for the Four Noble Truths / enlightenment-attained ultimate reality. “Lẽ thật” is the established Vietnamese Protestant term conveying personally revealed, relational, gospel-truth lived out — not truth attained through meditative insight or philosophical realization.
Love	ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω	agapē / agapō	self-giving committed love	sự yêu thương / yêu thương	Medium-High	Truth and Christian Fellowship; Hospitality	1:1, 1:6	Must be distinguished from ơn nghĩa (a Confucian-style favor creating reciprocal debt), paralleling the baseline’s caution for “grace”; Gaius’s love-in-action creates no debt owed back to him
Prosper	εὐοδόω	euodousthai	to have a good journey, succeed	được thịnh vượng	Medium	(supporting: Truth and Fellowship greeting)	1:2	Risk of prosperity-gospel misreading; text subordinates this to spiritual health (soul)
Soul	ψυχή	psychē	inner/spiritual life, self	linh hồn	Medium	(supporting)	1:2	Established term; note distinction from the transmigrating “soul” of Vietnamese folk/Buddhist rebirth belief
Walk (in truth)	περιπατέω	peripateō	to walk; to conduct one’s life	làm theo lẽ thật (idiom); sống/bước đi	Medium	Truth and Christian Fellowship	1:3, 1:4	Must convey an ongoing, internalized lived pattern, not external ritual correctness (risk of Confucian ritual-propriety reading)
Brother(s)	ἀδελφός	adelphos	brother; fellow believer	anh em	Medium	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:3, 1:5, 1:10	Kinship-register term for fellow believers/itinerant workers; must not be flattened to generic “người”
Testify / Testimony	μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία	martyreō / martyria	to bear witness / witness, testimony	làm chứng / lời chứng	Medium	Commendation of Faithful Witness	1:3, 1:6, 1:12 (x3)	Standard, comparatively low-syncretism forensic/character-witness term
Faithful	πιστός	pistos	faithful, trustworthy	trung tín	Medium	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:5	Must not be conflated with đức tin (baseline “faith”); this is faithful conduct, fruit of faith
Stranger	ξένος	xenos	stranger, foreigner, guest	khách lạ	High	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:5	Anchor term of the hospitality doctrine; risk that Vietnamese cultural hospitality (hiếu khách) obscures the specifically gospel-partnership motive of v.8
Send on one’s way	προπέμπω	propempō	to send forward, escort, provision	tiễn đưa (kèm hỗ trợ)	High	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:6	Technical term for material sponsorship of missionary travel; must not be flattened to a polite farewell
Worthily	ἀξίως	axiōs	in a fitting/worthy manner	cách xứng đáng	Medium	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:6	Standard supporting term
The Name	ὄνομα	onoma	name; (absolute use) title for Christ	Danh (Ngài) / tên	High	Truth and Christian Fellowship	1:7 (titular), 1:14 (ordinary)	Context-sensitive: v.7’s absolute “the Name” designates Christ’s person/authority (early Jewish-Christian idiom); v.14’s ordinary “by name” does not. Must not collapse both into generic “tên.”
Pagan / Outsider	ἐθνικός	ethnikos	one of the nations; pagan, unbeliever	người ngoại đạo	High	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:7	Must NOT be rendered dân ngoại — that rendering is reserved in translation memory for the Romans Jew/Gentile theological category. Using it here would wrongly import Pauline covenant categories into a simple statement about refusing unbelieving patronage.
Ought / Obligated	ὀφείλω	opheilō	to owe, be obligated	có bổn phận / phải	Medium	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:8	Risk of collapsing into Confucian bổn phận (role-based hierarchical duty) rather than gospel-partnership obligation
Support/Receive	ὑπολαμβάνω	hypolambanō	to take up, receive, support	tiếp đãi / hỗ trợ	High	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers	1:8	Core hospitality verb; must convey material partnership, not passive politeness
Fellow worker	συνεργός	synergos	co-laborer, partner	bạn đồng công	Medium-High	Hospitality to Traveling Ministers; Truth and Fellowship	1:8	Host is reframed as active partner in gospel labor, not passive helper
Love to be first / seek preeminence	φιλοπρωτεύω	philoprōteuō	to love being first	ham muốn địa vị đứng đầu	High	Church Leadership and Pride	1:9	NT hapax legomenon naming status-craving leadership; must not be softened given Vietnamese Confucian-influenced deference to hierarchy and rank, which could otherwise mute this term’s condemnation
Receive/Welcome	ἐπιδέχομαι	epidechomai	to receive, accept, welcome	tiếp nhận / tiếp rước	High	Church Leadership and Pride; Hospitality	1:9, 1:10	Same word family as positive hospitality vocabulary; its negation frames Diotrephes’s rejection of apostolic authority as a hospitality failure
Evil words / slander	φλυαρέω	phlyareō	to talk nonsense, bring false charges	vu khống	Medium-High	Church Leadership and Pride	1:10	False accusation against legitimate gospel workers/apostolic authority, not mere rude gossip
Hinder	κωλύω	kōlyō	to hinder, prevent, forbid	ngăn cản	Medium	Church Leadership and Pride	1:10	Active obstruction of others practicing hospitality
Cast out / Expel	ἐκβάλλω	ekballō	to throw out, expel	đuổi ra khỏi (Hội Thánh)	High	Church Leadership and Pride	1:10	Names a severe abuse of church-discipline power; must retain full seriousness
Imitate	μιμέομαι	mimeomai	to imitate, model oneself after	bắt chước	High	Imitating Good rather than Evil	1:11	Anchor term of this doctrine; deliberate patterning of conduct after a model
Good / Evil (do good/evil)	ἀγαθός/κακός; ἀγαθοποιέω/κακοποιέω	agathos/kakos; agathopoieō/kakopoieō	good/bad; do good/do evil	điều lành/điều ác; làm điều lành/làm điều ác	High	Imitating Good rather than Evil	1:11 (x4)	Risk of being heard through a Buddhist merit (công đức) or Confucian virtue-cultivation (đức hạnh) lens as a means of earning standing with God; must be taught as evidence of already belonging to God, echoing the baseline’s grace-vs-merit distinction
True	ἀληθής	alēthēs	true, truthful	chân thật	Medium	Commendation of Faithful Witness	1:12	Certifies the reliability of the elder’s own testimony
Friend(s)	φίλος	philos	friend	bạn hữu	Medium	Truth and Christian Fellowship	1:14 (x2)	Must retain personal-affection register distinct from ἀδελφός’s kinship register; together the two terms express the letter’s fellowship theme

Proper Names (transliteration only; established Vietnamese Bible forms)

English	Greek	Transliteration	Vietnamese	Risk	Note
Gaius	Γάιος	Gaios	Gai-út	Low	Letter’s recipient
Diotrephes	Διοτρέφης	Diotrephēs	Đi-ô-trép	Low	Named as a negative example; transliteration only, no doctrinal content in the name itself
Demetrius	Δημήτριος	Dēmētrios	Đê-mê-triu	Low	Named as a positive example; transliteration only

Risk Tier Summary for 3 John

Tier	Count	Review Routing (per baseline convention)
Critical	1 (θεός, reused)	Human theologian
High	12	Human theologian
Medium-High	3	Human theologian (treat as High for routing)
Medium	14	Native speaker review
Low / Low-Medium	8	Automated / native speaker spot-check

Note on routing convention: Per doctrine_risk_registry.json baseline convention, all Critical and High risk terms in this glossary require human theologian review before Phase 2 translation is finalized; Medium risk terms require native speaker review; Low risk terms require automated review only. Terms rated “Medium-High” above (ἀγάπη, συνεργός, φλυαρέω) should be routed as High given their doctrinal weight in the Hospitality and Leadership doctrines respectively.

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Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: God (supporting: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers 1:6; Imitating Good rather than Evil 1:11)
Rejected alternatives: Ông Trời
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package (identical entry). In 3 John 1:6 anchors the standard for hospitality ‘in a manner worthy of God’; in 1:11 (x2) anchors ‘is from God’ / ‘has not seen God’ as evidence of relationship, not merit. Must be taught as a personal, covenant-making God, not the impersonal fate-dispensing Ông Trời of folk speech.

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High Risk Terms

Truth

Approved rendering: lẽ thật
Transliteration: le that
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: chân lý, đạo
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Truth and Fellowship

3 John 1:1, 1:3 (x2), 1:4, 1:8, 1:12 (x2) — the letter’s most frequent term (six occurrences). NEVER use chân lý, the Vietnamese Buddhist term for the Four Noble Truths / enlightenment-attained ultimate reality realized through meditative insight, nor đạo (the Confucian cultivated Way). Lẽ thật = truth personally revealed by God and relationally lived out (‘walking in truth’), not self-attained insight.

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Love

Approved rendering: sự yêu thương / yêu thương
Transliteration: su yeu thuong / yeu thuong
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship; Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Rejected alternatives: ơn nghĩa
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Truth and Fellowship

3 John 1:1, 1:6. Love is inseparable from truth and is publicly evidenced through material hospitality. Must be distinguished from ơn nghĩa (a Confucian-style favor creating a reciprocal debt), paralleling the baseline’s ân điển (grace) distinction — Gaius’s love gives without generating an obligation the recipient must repay.

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Stranger

Approved rendering: khách lạ
Transliteration: khach la
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Original: ξένος
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:5. Anchor term of the Hospitality doctrine. Risk that Vietnamese cultural hospitality norms (hiếu khách) read the welcome as generic guest-courtesy rather than the text’s specific gospel-partnership motive made explicit in v.8. Never let ‘tiếp đãi khách lạ’ stand without the accompanying partnership term ‘bạn đồng công’ nearby in teaching material.

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Send On Way

Approved rendering: tiễn đưa (kèm hỗ trợ hành trình)
Transliteration: tien dua (kem ho tro hanh trinh)
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Rejected alternatives: tiễn đưa (bare, unqualified)
Original: προπέμπω
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:6. Technical term for material sponsorship of a missionary’s onward journey. Must not be flattened to bare ‘tiễn đưa,’ which reads as a mere polite farewell wave, losing the doctrinal content of concrete material support for gospel work.

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The Name

Approved rendering: Danh (Ngài) [titular, 1:7]; tên [ordinary sense, 1:14]
Transliteration: Danh (Ngai); ten
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship (Christological undertone)
Rejected alternatives: tên (used for both 1:7 and 1:14 without distinction)
Original: ὄνομα (absolute use)
Category: Christology

3 John 1:7 uses the absolute/titular sense of ὄνομα as early Christian designation for Christ’s person and authority (‘for the sake of the Name’); 3 John 1:14 uses the ordinary sense (‘by name,’ κατ᾽ ὄνομα). The two occurrences within one short letter MUST receive different Vietnamese renderings, or the Christological title in 1:7 is flattened into ordinary vocabulary.

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Pagan Outsider

Approved rendering: người ngoại đạo
Transliteration: nguoi ngoai dao
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Rejected alternatives: dân ngoại
Original: ἐθνικός
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:7. MUST NOT be rendered dân ngoại — that rendering is reserved in this translation memory (inherited from the Romans package) for the Jew/Gentile covenant-theology category. Conflating the two would wrongly import Pauline covenant categories into a simple statement about missionaries refusing unbelieving patronage.

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Support Receive

Approved rendering: tiếp đãi / hỗ trợ
Transliteration: tiep dai / ho tro
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Original: ὑπολαμβάνω
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:8. Core hospitality verb; must convey active material partnership, not passive politeness or symbolic welcome.

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Fellow Worker

Approved rendering: bạn đồng công
Transliteration: ban dong cong
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Original: συνεργός
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:8. Hospitality is reframed as active co-laboring in gospel truth, not passive assistance; the host shares directly in the mission’s spiritual credit. Applying this term to a stationary host (rather than a traveling missionary) is an unfamiliar collocation in Vietnamese Christian usage and requires a teaching note explaining the extension.

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Love Of Preeminence

Approved rendering: ham muốn địa vị đứng đầu
Transliteration: ham muon dia vi dung dau
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Rejected alternatives: lãnh đạo mạnh mẽ, kiêu ngạo (bare, unqualified)
Original: φιλοπρωτεύω
Category: Church Leadership

3 John 1:9. NT hapax legomenon naming Diotrephes’s status-craving leadership sin. Must NOT be softened toward ‘lãnh đạo mạnh mẽ’ (strong leadership), which Vietnamese Confucian-influenced deference to hierarchy and rank could otherwise excuse. Do not shorten to bare ‘kiêu ngạo’ (pride), which loses the specific leadership/status-craving target.

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Receive Welcome

Approved rendering: tiếp nhận / tiếp rước
Transliteration: tiep nhan / tiep ruoc
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Original: ἐπιδέχομαι
Category: Church Leadership

3 John 1:9, 1:10. Same word family as the letter’s positive hospitality vocabulary; its negation frames Diotrephes’s rejection of apostolic authority as, doctrinally, a hospitality failure — the negative counterpart to the doctrine praised in Gaius.

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Slander

Approved rendering: vu khống
Transliteration: vu khong
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Rejected alternatives: nói xấu (mere gossip)
Original: φλυαρέω
Category: Church Leadership

3 John 1:10. Deliberate false accusation against legitimate gospel workers/apostolic authority to protect one’s own status — not mere rude gossip. Must retain this seriousness.

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Cast Out

Approved rendering: đuổi ra khỏi (Hội Thánh)
Transliteration: duoi ra khoi (Hoi Thanh)
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Rejected alternatives: mời ra khỏi (asked to leave, softened)
Original: ἐκβάλλω
Category: Church Leadership

3 John 1:10. The gravest escalation: Diotrephes expels faithful believers from the congregation itself, abusing church-discipline authority for personal power. Must be rendered with full seriousness, not softened. Teaching notes should make explicit that this is a church leader wrongly expelling faithful members — the reverse direction from many Vietnamese believers’ real experience of family expulsion for leaving ancestor veneration — so the two scenarios are not conflated.

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Imitate

Approved rendering: bắt chước
Transliteration: bat chuoc
Doctrine: Imitating Good rather than Evil
Original: μιμέομαι
Category: Ethics

3 John 1:11. Anchor term for this doctrine; must convey deliberate, active patterning of one’s own conduct after a chosen model (Demetrius, not Diotrephes), not passive influence or accidental resemblance.

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Do Good

Approved rendering: làm điều lành
Transliteration: lam dieu lanh
Doctrine: Imitating Good rather than Evil
Rejected alternatives: công đức, phước đức, đức hạnh
Original: ἀγαθοποιέω
Category: Ethics

3 John 1:11. Doing good is evidence of already belonging to God (‘is from God’), not a means of acquiring standing before Him. Must never be explained via công đức/phước đức (Buddhist accumulated merit) or đức hạnh (Confucian cultivated virtue), which reverse the text’s direction — this parallels the baseline’s grace-versus-merit distinction (ân điển).

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Do Evil

Approved rendering: làm điều ác
Transliteration: lam dieu ac
Doctrine: Imitating Good rather than Evil
Rejected alternatives: nghiệp xấu
Original: κακοποιέω
Category: Ethics

3 John 1:11. Doing evil is evidence one has not known God, regardless of religious position or leadership status (directly applicable to Diotrephes). Must not be framed as accumulating bad karma (nghiệp xấu), but as evidence of an absent relationship with a personal God.

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Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: Hội Thánh
Transliteration: Hoi Thanh
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Rejected alternatives: đền, chùa
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package (identical entry). In 3 John 1:6, 1:9, 1:10 the local congregation both publicly commends faithful hospitality and suffers Diotrephes’s abuse of power. Never render with đền (temple to a deified hero/spirit) or chùa (Buddhist temple).

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Peace

Approved rendering: sự bình an
Transliteration: su binh an
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package (identical entry). In 3 John 1:14 this is the standard closing epistolary blessing, narrower in scope than Romans 5:1’s soteriological justification-peace, but the identical Vietnamese term is required for cross-curriculum consistency.

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Elder

Approved rendering: trưởng lão
Transliteration: truong lao
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership

3 John 1:1. The author’s self-designation is pastoral-relational authority grounded in truth and love, not a claim to honor by age or clan-seniority. Must be fenced from Confucian clan/family-elder vocabulary (bậc trưởng lão trong họ, các cụ), which carries age-based hierarchical authority rather than relational-pastoral authority.

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Beloved

Approved rendering: yêu dấu
Transliteration: yeu dau
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Truth and Fellowship

3 John 1:1, 1:2 (implied), 1:5, 1:11. Vocative term of pastoral affection used repeatedly as direct address. Low syncretism risk; retain relational warmth.

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Prosper

Approved rendering: được thịnh vượng
Transliteration: duoc thinh vuong
Doctrine: Spiritual Well-Being and Prosperity
Original: εὐοδόω
Category: Wellbeing

3 John 1:2. Must never be isolated from its subordinating clause (‘just as your soul prospers’); guard against a prosperity-gospel reading reinforced by Vietnamese folk-religious blessing-seeking culture (tài lộc).

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Soul

Approved rendering: linh hồn
Transliteration: linh hon
Doctrine: Spiritual Well-Being and Prosperity
Original: ψυχή
Category: Wellbeing

3 John 1:2. Established Vietnamese Christian term naming a personal, morally accountable inner life continuous with the person after death — not the transmigrating entity of Vietnamese folk/Buddhist rebirth belief (luân hồi).

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Walk In Truth

Approved rendering: làm theo lẽ thật
Transliteration: lam theo le that
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship
Original: περιπατέω (ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ περιπατεῖν)
Category: Truth and Fellowship

3 John 1:3, 1:4. Fixed biblical idiom for an ongoing, internalized manner of life shaped by the gospel, not one-time or external ritual correctness. Always pair ‘lẽ thật’ with this idiom rather than leaving the noun isolated as an abstract proposition.

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Brother

Approved rendering: anh em
Transliteration: anh em
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Rejected alternatives: người
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:3, 1:5, 1:10. Kinship-register term for fellow believers/itinerant workers, grounding the hospitality obligation in family-level bond. Must not be flattened to generic ‘người’ (person).

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Testify Testimony

Approved rendering: làm chứng / lời chứng
Transliteration: lam chung / loi chung
Doctrine: Commendation of Faithful Witness (Demetrius)
Original: μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία
Category: Witness

3 John 1:3, 1:6, 1:12 (x3). Standard forensic/character-witness vocabulary. Where co-occurring with ‘lẽ thật’ (1:12, ‘the truth itself testifies’), route as High per the Truth doctrine’s own risk tier — the compound claim is doctrinally denser than either term alone.

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Faithful

Approved rendering: trung tín
Transliteration: trung tin
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Original: πιστός
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:5. Names Gaius’s hospitality itself as an act of faithfulness. Must not be conflated with đức tin (baseline ‘faith’); this is faithful conduct, the fruit of faith, not saving belief itself.

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Worthily

Approved rendering: cách xứng đáng
Transliteration: cach xung dang
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Original: ἀξίως
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:6. The standard for hospitable support is God’s own honor, not Vietnamese social propriety or face (thể diện); keep the reference point explicitly theological.

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Obligated

Approved rendering: có bổn phận / phải
Transliteration: co bon phan / phai
Doctrine: Hospitality to Traveling Ministers
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Hospitality

3 John 1:8. Risk of collapsing into Confucian bổn phận (role-based hierarchical duty) rather than an obligation flowing from shared gospel mission and partnership; teaching should clarify the source of the debt is gospel co-laboring, not social hierarchy.

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Hinder

Approved rendering: ngăn cản
Transliteration: ngan can
Doctrine: Church Leadership and Pride (Diotrephes)
Original: κωλύω
Category: Church Leadership

3 John 1:10. Diotrephes actively obstructs other congregation members who wish to practice hospitality — leadership abuse extending beyond personal refusal into systemic control.

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Good

Approved rendering: điều lành
Transliteration: dieu lanh
Doctrine: Imitating Good rather than Evil
Original: ἀγαθός
Category: Ethics

3 John 1:11. The behavioral pattern (Demetrius’s, Gaius’s example) to be imitated; paired with ‘điều ác’ to frame the letter’s central ethical contrast.

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Evil

Approved rendering: điều ác
Transliteration: dieu ac
Doctrine: Imitating Good rather than Evil
Original: κακός
Category: Ethics

3 John 1:11. The behavioral pattern (Diotrephes’s example) not to be imitated; paired with ‘điều lành.‘

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True

Approved rendering: chân thật
Transliteration: chan that
Doctrine: Commendation of Faithful Witness (Demetrius)
Original: ἀληθής
Category: Witness

3 John 1:12. Certifies the reliability of the elder’s own testimony about Demetrius — truth used to certify truth.

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Friend

Approved rendering: bạn hữu
Transliteration: ban huu
Doctrine: Truth and Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλος
Category: Truth and Fellowship

3 John 1:14 (x2). Adds a register of personal affection alongside the letter’s kinship term ‘anh em’ (brothers). Must retain a personal-warmth register distinct from ‘anh em’s family register; keep the two terms distinguishable.

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Low Risk Terms

Gaius

Approved rendering: Gai-út
Transliteration: Gai-ut
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Γάιος
Category: Proper Names

Established Vietnamese Bible transliteration of the letter’s recipient; no doctrinal content in the name itself.

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Diotrephes

Approved rendering: Đi-ô-trép
Transliteration: Di-o-trep
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Διοτρέφης
Category: Proper Names

Established Vietnamese Bible transliteration. Named negative example anchoring Church Leadership and Pride doctrine; the name itself carries no doctrinal etymology.

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Demetrius

Approved rendering: Đê-mê-triu
Transliteration: De-me-triu
Doctrine: Proper Name
Original: Δημήτριος
Category: Proper Names

Established Vietnamese Bible transliteration. Named positive example anchoring Commendation of Faithful Witness doctrine.