Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 2 Thessalonians
Language pair: English–Vietnamese
Curriculum: 2 Thessalonians 1–3
Core passage: 2 Thessalonians 2:1–12
Status: Extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. All baseline term renderings are reused exactly and are marked “(baseline).” All new terms below must be added to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins, with version incremented per the Language Package protocol.
Risk tiers (identical framework to the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json):
- Critical — Mistranslation destroys essential doctrine. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — Mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk. Human theologian review required.
- Medium — Mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning. Native speaker review recommended.
- Low — Mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding. Automated review sufficient.
A. Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Vietnamese Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου | hēmera tou Kyriou | ngày của Chúa | Critical | 2:2 | Must be distinguished from Vietnamese folk-astrological “ngày tốt/xấu,” folk-prophetic “ngày tận thế” predictions from spirit mediums, and Buddhist cyclical “mạt pháp” decline; teach as a single, historical, Christ-centered day of judgment and vindication. |
| 2 | coming (parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | sự quang lâm | Critical | 2:1, 2:8, 2:9 | Same Greek word used for both Christ’s true coming (2:1, 2:8) and the lawless one’s false coming (2:9); rendering must be IDENTICAL across all three to preserve the passage’s deliberate counterfeit-mirroring irony. Never render as a repeatable manifestation (cf. baseline’s rejection of hóa thân for Incarnation). |
| 3 | our being gathered together | ἐπισυναγωγή | episynagōgē | sự nhóm lại cùng Ngài | Medium | 2:1 | Distinguish from routine weekly church gathering; this is the future eschatological reunion of all believers with Christ. |
| 4 | appearing/manifestation | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | sự hiện ra | Medium | 2:8 | Paired emphatically with parousia (2:8) to stress the visible, unmistakable nature of Christ’s return. |
| 5 | appointed time | καιρός | kairos | kỳ đã định | Low-Medium | 2:6 | God’s sovereign timing, not impersonal fixed fate (định mệnh); extends baseline providence caution. |
B. Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Vietnamese Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | the rebellion / apostasy | ἀποστασία | apostasia | sự bội đạo | High | 2:3 | Must be distinguished from ordinary religious conversion/deconversion (đổi đạo/bỏ đạo), a familiar everyday phenomenon in Vietnam; this is a specific end-times, corporate falling-away. |
| 7 | man of lawlessness | ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | ho anthrōpos tēs anomias | người vô luật pháp | Critical | 2:3 | Built on baseline luật pháp root + negation; must remain a specific human person empowered by Satan, not flattened into generic folk demon/spirit categories. |
| 8 | son of perdition / son of destruction | ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | ho huios tēs apōleias | con của sự hư mất | Critical | 2:3 | Structurally parallel to but theologically antithetical to baseline’s Con Đức Chúa Trời (Son of God); never abbreviate to bare “Con.” |
| 9 | the lawless one | ὁ ἄνομος | ho anomos | kẻ vô luật pháp | Critical | 2:8 | Same referent as #7; consistency across all titles required so learners identify a single figure. |
| 10 | lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | sự vô luật pháp | High | 2:3, 2:7 | Cosmic rebellion against God’s moral order, not mere civil illegality (phạm pháp); coined from baseline luật pháp. |
| 11 | temple of God | ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | naos tou theou | đền thờ Đức Chúa Trời | High | 2:4 | Adjacent-term risk to baseline’s rejected bare đền (folk-hero shrine) for “church” — context must clarify God’s own holy dwelling is meant. |
| 12 | mystery of lawlessness | τὸ μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας | to mystērion tēs anomias | sự mầu nhiệm của sự vô luật pháp | High | 2:7 | Must not be absorbed into occult/esoteric associations (cầu cơ, spirit-writing); this is God’s own disclosed category for hidden evil already at work. |
| 13 | the restrainer / that which restrains | ὁ κατέχων / τὸ κατέχον | ho katechōn / to katechon | Đấng/kẻ ngăn trở (masc.) / điều ngăn trở (neut.) | Medium-High | 2:6-7 | Preserve the source text’s own grammatical/interpretive ambiguity about the restrainer’s identity; do not resolve it in translation. Requires translator note at both occurrences. |
| 14 | working of Satan | ἐνέργεια τοῦ Σατανᾶ | energeia tou Satana | quyền lực của Sa-tan | High | 2:9 | Must stay lexically distinct from baseline’s quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời; must not be folded into the broad folk category of thần linh. |
| 15 | false signs and wonders | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους | sēmeia kai terata pseudous | các dấu lạ và việc kỳ diệu giả dối | High | 2:9 | Directly relevant to Vietnamese spirit-medium (đồng bóng, hầu đồng) and fortune-telling phenomena; teach as real but satanically counterfeit, not neutral supernatural displays. |
| 16 | breath of his mouth | πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ | pneuma tou stomatos autou | hơi thở từ miệng Ngài | Medium | 2:8 | Must NOT be read as a reference to Đức Thánh Linh; πνεῦμα here means physical breath, an image of effortless power. |
| 17 | opposes / the adversary | ἀντικείμενος | antikeimenos | kẻ chống đối | High | 2:4 | Active, cosmic opposition to God, not generic interpersonal conflict. |
| 18 | exalts himself | ὑπεραίρεται | hyperairetai | tự nâng mình lên | High | 2:4 | Distinguish this false, living self-deification from culturally accepted posthumous apotheosis of heroes (cf. baseline’s Thánh Trần note). |
| 19 | object of worship | σέβασμα | sebasma | vật được tôn thờ | Medium-High | 2:4 | Intentionally broad; includes ancestral tablets, deified heroes, spirit shrines — do not narrow only to idol statues. |
| 20 | proclaiming himself to be God | ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός | apodeiknynta heauton hoti estin theos | tuyên bố mình là Đức Chúa Trời | Critical | 2:4 | Must read unmistakably as a false, blasphemous claim, in stark antithesis to Christ’s true, exclusive deity. |
| 21 | those who are perishing | οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι | hoi apollymenoi | những kẻ hư mất | High | 2:10 | Lexically echoes “son of perdition” (#8); consistency of root required. |
C. Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Vietnamese Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | it is a just/righteous thing (with God) | δίκαιον | dikaion | công bình | Medium-High | 1:6 | Reuses baseline righteousness root as a predicate adjective describing God’s judicial character, distinct from a believer’s forensic standing. |
| 23 | to repay/recompense | ἀνταποδοῦναι | antapodounai | báo trả | High | 1:6 | Must be taught as the personal, deliberate act of a personal God, never as impersonal nghiệp báo (karmic retribution) automatically self-executing. |
| 24 | vengeance / retribution | ἐκδίκησις | ekdikēsis | sự báo trả công bình | High | 1:8 | Avoids “báo thù” (revenge) to prevent confusion with Vietnamese folk narratives of vengeful wandering spirits (oan hồn); this is complete, final, righteous judicial justice. |
| 25 | eternal destruction | ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος | olethros aiōnios | sự hư mất đời đời | Critical | 1:9 | Must be taught as final and unending, never a temporary purgative state within a cycle of rebirth (contrast Buddhist địa ngục). |
| 26 | away from the presence of the Lord | προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου | prosōpou tou Kyriou | khỏi mặt Chúa | Medium | 1:9 | Standard biblical idiom for divine presence; low independent risk. |
| 27 | strong delusion / working of error | ἐνέργεια πλάνης | energeia planēs | quyền lực lầm lạc | Critical | 2:11 | Must be taught as God’s judicial hardening/giving-over of persistent unbelief (cf. Romans 1:24-28), never as God manufacturing sin in the innocent, and never as an impersonal karmic mechanism. Mandatory theologian note at every occurrence. |
| 28 | believe the lie | πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει | pisteusai tō pseudei | tin điều dối trá đó | High | 2:11 | Refers back to the lawless one’s specific self-deification claim (2:4), not falsehood generally. |
| 29 | be judged/condemned | κριθῶσιν | krithōsin | bị đoán xét / chịu sự phán xét | High | 2:12 | Forensic judgment, the counterpart to baseline’s forensic justification (sự xưng công bình) — not an impersonal karmic ledger. |
| 30 | took pleasure in unrighteousness | εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ | eudokēsantes tē adikia | ưng thuận và vui thích sự không công bình | Medium | 2:12 | Retains the deliberate, willing-delight nuance; built on baseline sự công bình root via negation. |
| 31 | deception of unrighteousness | ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας | apatē adikias | sự dối gạt của sự không công bình | Medium | 2:10 | Built cleanly on baseline righteousness root via negation. |
| 32 | love of the truth | ἀγάπην τῆς ἀληθείας | agapēn tēs alētheias | lòng yêu mến lẽ thật | Medium | 2:10 | Genuine saving embrace of gospel truth, not mere intellectual assent. |
| 33 | truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | lẽ thật | Medium | 2:10, 2:12, 2:13 | Established Vietnamese Bible term (cf. John 14:6); avoid the more secular/philosophical chân lý. |
D. Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Vietnamese Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | sự nhịn nhục | High | 1:4 | Must be distinguished from Buddhist nhẫn nhục (detachment-based forbearance aimed at merit/release); this is hope-anchored endurance grounded in confident expectation of Christ’s return. |
| 35 | affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις (pl. θλίψεις) | thlipsis | sự hoạn nạn | Medium | 1:4, 1:6 | Standard term; risk is pastoral sensitivity more than syncretism. |
| 36 | persecution | διωγμός (pl. διωγμοί) | diōgmos | sự bắt bớ | Medium | 1:4 | Specifically faith-motivated suffering; historically resonant given Vietnam’s own history of religious persecution. |
| 37 | grow weary / lose heart | ἐκκακήσητε | ekkakēsēte | đừng chán nản | Low-Medium | 3:13 | Applies the perseverance theme to ordinary church-life discouragement, not only outside hostility. |
| 38 | stand firm | στήκετε | stēkete | hãy đứng vững | High | 2:15 | Central verb of Standing Firm doctrine; active, resolute posture, not passive waiting; render consistently wherever this theme recurs. |
| 39 | love | ἀγάπη | agapē | tình yêu thương | Low | 1:3 | Well-established Vietnamese Christian vocabulary. |
| 40 | might/power (of glory) | ἰσχύς | ischys | sức mạnh | Low | 1:9 | Paired with δόξα; low independent risk. |
E. Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
| # | English Term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Vietnamese Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | traditions / that which is handed down | παράδοσις | paradosis | những điều truyền dạy | Critical | 2:15, 3:6 | alternatives_rejected: bare “truyền thống” (evokes ancestor-veneration custom, gia phong, tục lệ thờ cúng tổ tiên). Must be anchored explicitly to apostolic gospel teaching delivered by word or letter (2:15), not cultural/family custom. |
| 42 | hold fast (the traditions) | κρατεῖτε | krateite | hãy giữ lấy | Medium | 2:15 | Companion verb to στήκετε; firm retention of apostolic teaching. |
| 43 | we command, in the name of the Lord | παραγγέλλομεν ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου | parangellomen en onomati tou Kyriou | chúng tôi nhân danh Chúa mà truyền dạy | High | 3:6, 3:12 | Must be distinguished from folk-ritual invocation of spirit/deity names (cầu cơ, exorcism rites) as sources of authority; Christ’s unique authority only. |
| 44 | obeys the word/instruction | ὑπακούει τῷ λόγῳ | hypakouei tō logō | vâng theo lời | Medium-High | 3:14 | Reuses baseline “obedience of faith” caution: obedience flowing from faith and community accountability, not đạo hiếu-style hierarchical filial duty. |
| 45 | keep away from / withdraw from | στέλλεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ | stellesthai ap’ autou | hãy lánh xa người ấy | Medium-High | 3:6, 3:14 | Limited, corrective, restoration-oriented church discipline, explicitly bounded by 3:15 — not permanent ostracism in Vietnam’s kinship-based collectivist social context. |
| 46 | admonish as a brother | νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν | noutheteite hōs adelphon | hãy khuyên bảo người ấy như anh em | Low-Medium | 3:15 | Familial-brotherhood framing; comparatively low risk, culturally resonant positively. |
| 47 | walking in idleness / disorderly conduct | ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος | ataktōs peripatountos | sống bậy bạ, không chịu làm việc | Low-Medium | 3:6, 3:11 | Practical violation of apostolic instruction; connects thematically to Standing Firm doctrine. |
| 48 | to work/labor | ἐργάζεσθαι | ergazesthai | làm việc | Low | 3:10 | Concrete apostolic instruction: “if anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat.” |
| 49 | busybodies | περιεργαζομένους | periergazomenous | xen vào việc người khác | Low | 3:11 | Practical ethical term. |
| 50 | the sign/mark (authenticating) | τὸ σημεῖον | to sēmeion | dấu hiệu riêng | Low-Medium | 3:17 | Answers the forged-letter concern of 2:2; authentic vs. counterfeit apostolic instruction. |
| 51 | letter | ἐπιστολή | epistolē | thư tín | Low-Medium | 2:2, 2:15, 3:14, 3:17 | Possible forged/counterfeit letters vs. genuine apostolic correspondence — thematic link to Standing Firm doctrine. |
| 52 | pray for us | προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν | proseuchesthe peri hēmōn | hãy cầu nguyện cho chúng tôi | Medium-High | 3:1 | Ordinary congregational intercession for one another; distinguish from cầu xin tổ tiên (petitioning deceased ancestors) — living believers petitioning the living God. |
| 53 | protect from the evil one/from evil | φυλάξει ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ | phylaxei apo tou ponērou | sẽ giữ anh em khỏi kẻ ác | Medium-High | 3:3 | Protection from the Lord’s own power and faithfulness, not a ritual amulet/charm (bùa hộ mệnh). |
| 54 | word of the Lord | λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου | logos tou Kyriou | lời của Chúa | Low | 3:1 | The gospel message, treated as God’s own authoritative speech. |
| 55 | evil and wicked men | πονηροὶ καὶ κακοὶ ἄνθρωποι | ponēroi kai kakoi anthrōpoi | những kẻ độc ác và gian tà | Low-Medium | 3:2 | Standard descriptive term. |
F. Baseline Terms Reused in 2 Thessalonians (must match translation_memory.json exactly)
| # | English Term | Vietnamese Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 56 | grace | ân điển | High | 1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18 | Greeting and closing benedictions. |
| 57 | peace | sự bình an | Medium | 1:2, 3:16 | Greeting and closing benediction; “the Lord of peace himself” (3:16). |
| 58 | faith | đức tin | Medium | 1:3, 1:4, 1:11, 2:13, 3:2, 3:3 | Growing/persevering faith amid persecution. |
| 59 | church | Hội Thánh | Medium | 1:1, 1:4 | The Thessalonian congregation. |
| 60 | god | Đức Chúa Trời | Critical/High | throughout | Full package of baseline cautions applies (avoid collapsing into impersonal Ông Trời). |
| 61 | lord | Chúa | Critical/High | throughout | Exclusive, supreme Lordship of Christ. |
| 62 | jesus | Đức Chúa Giê-xu | Critical | throughout | Standard 1926 Protestant form. |
| 63 | glory | sự vinh hiển | Medium/High | 1:9, 1:12, 2:14 | Christ’s return in glory; believers’ shared future glory. |
| 64 | holy_spirit / sanctification | Đức Thánh Linh / sự nên thánh | Critical/High | 2:13 | ”Sanctification of/by the Spirit” as the means of election unto salvation. |
| 65 | called / calling | được kêu gọi / sự kêu gọi | Medium/High | 1:11, 2:14 | God’s summons to salvation and glory. |
| 66 | election | sự lựa chọn | Medium/High | 2:13 | ”God chose you from the beginning.” |
| 67 | salvation / saved | sự cứu rỗi / được cứu | Critical | 2:10, 2:13 | NEVER sự giải thoát — see baseline prohibition. |
| 68 | power of God | quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời | Medium | (contrast in 2:9) | Deliberately contrasted with Satan’s quyền lực in 2:9 — see #14. |
| 69 | law | luật pháp | Medium | (root of #7, #10) | Base root for the “lawlessness” coinages in this curriculum. |
| 70 | exhort / comfort root | khích lệ | Low | (root of #40 in E table, sự an ủi) | Shared root with παράκλησις (2:16-17). |
G. Proper Names (established Vietnamese Bible forms — no deviation permitted)
| # | English | Vietnamese | Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 71 | Paul | Phao-lô | 1:1 |
| 72 | Silvanus / Silas | Si-la | 1:1 |
| 73 | Timothy | Ti-mô-thê | 1:1 |
| 74 | Thessalonica / Thessalonians | Tê-sa-lô-ni-ca | 1:1 |
| 75 | Satan | Sa-tan | 2:9 |
Risk Summary
| Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | Human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 20 | Human theologian review |
| Medium-High | 8 | Human theologian review recommended |
| Medium | 22 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 9 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 11 | Automated review sufficient |
Highest-priority new coinages for Phase 2 theologian pre-review (in order): παρουσία (sự quang lâm, #2), παράδοσις (những điều truyền dạy, #41), ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου (ngày của Chúa, #1), ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας / ὁ ἄνομος / ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας (#7, #8, #9), ἐνέργεια πλάνης (quyền lực lầm lạc, #27), ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος (sự hư mất đời đời, #25), ὑπομονή (sự nhịn nhục, #34).
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins for 2 Thessalonians. All baseline Romans entries remain unchanged and authoritative; entries in Sections A–E above are additive.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: sự cứu rỗi
Transliteration: su cuu roi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: sự giải thoát
Original: σωτηρία / σωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER use sự giải thoát (Buddhist liberation from rebirth). In 2 Thessalonians, salvation is forfeited by those who refuse to love the truth (2:10) and secured for those God chose ‘from the beginning’ (2:13). Also rendered ‘được cứu’ (2:10, 2:13). Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Con Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: Con Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Not itself used in 2 Thessalonians but retained as the essential contrast term: ‘con của sự hư mất’ (son of destruction, 2:3) is a structurally parallel but theologically antithetical title and must never be confused with, or abbreviated toward, this term. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Đức Thánh Linh
Transliteration: Duc Thanh Linh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: thần linh
CRITICAL: Never bare thần linh. In 2 Thessalonians 2:13, combined as ‘sự nên thánh của Đức Thánh Linh.’ Also distinguished from the unrelated ‘πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος’ (breath of his mouth, 2:8), which is NOT a reference to this Person. Inherited from Romans package.
Intercession
Approved rendering: sự cầu thay
Transliteration: su cau thay
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: cầu xin tổ tiên
Not itself the verb used in 3:1 (ordinary congregational intercession, a distinct lower-risk new term ‘hãy cầu nguyện cho chúng tôi’), but retained as the governing baseline caution: any intercessory-prayer language in this book must be distinguished from cầu xin tổ tiên (petitioning deceased ancestors). Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Đức Chúa Giê-xu
Transliteration: Duc Chua Gie-xu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Standard 1926 Protestant Bible form, used throughout 2 Thessalonians. Inherited from Romans package.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ngày của Chúa
Transliteration: ngay cua Chua
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ngày tận thế, mạt pháp, ngày tốt/ngày xấu
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
2 Thessalonians 2:2. Must be taught as a single, linear, historical, Christ-centered day of judgment and vindication — never a folk-astrological almanac day, a spirit-medium-divined doomsday date, or the gradual, impersonal Buddhist ‘mạt pháp’ decline framework. Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Parousia
Approved rendering: sự quang lâm
Transliteration: su quang lam
Doctrine: The Coming (Parousia) of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hóa thân
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
2 Thessalonians 2:1, 2:8, 2:9. The IDENTICAL Vietnamese rendering must be used for Christ’s true coming (2:1, 2:8) AND the lawless one’s counterfeit coming (2:9) to preserve Paul’s deliberate ironic mirroring. Never rendered as a repeatable manifestation (cf. baseline’s rejection of hóa thân for Incarnation). Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Anthropos Tes Anomias
Approved rendering: người vô luật pháp
Transliteration: nguoi vo luat phap
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ma, quỷ
Original: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:3. Built on the baseline root luật pháp + negating vô. Must remain a specific, real, singular, future human person empowered by Satan — never flattened into generic Vietnamese folk evil-spirit categories (ma, quỷ). Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Huios Tes Apoleias
Approved rendering: con của sự hư mất
Transliteration: con cua su hu mat
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Con (bare, without the ‘của sự hư mất’ qualifier)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:3. Structurally parallel to, but theologically antithetical to, the baseline’s Con Đức Chúa Trời (Son of God). Never abbreviate to bare ‘Con.’ Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Ho Anomos
Approved rendering: kẻ vô luật pháp
Transliteration: ke vo luat phap
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:8. Same referent as người vô luật pháp/con của sự hư mất (2:3); consistency across all titles required so learners recognize a single figure. Human theologian review required.
Apodeiknynta
Approved rendering: tuyên bố mình là Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: tuyen bo minh la Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: The Lawless One’s Self-Deification
Original: ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:4. Must be rendered so the claim is unmistakably FALSE and blasphemous, in stark antithesis to Christ’s true, exclusive deity. Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Olethros Aionios
Approved rendering: sự hư mất đời đời
Transliteration: su hu mat doi doi
Doctrine: Eternal Destruction
Rejected alternatives: địa ngục (as a temporary, karma-exhaustible state)
Original: ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 1:9. Must be taught as final, unending, and irreversible — never a temporary purgative state within a cycle of rebirth (contrast Buddhist địa ngục). Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Energeia Planes
Approved rendering: quyền lực lầm lạc
Transliteration: quyen luc lam lac
Doctrine: God’s Judicial Hardening (The Strong Delusion)
Rejected alternatives: nghiệp báo (impersonal karmic mechanism)
Original: ἐνέργεια πλάνης
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:11. Must be taught as God’s judicial hardening/giving-over of persistent, freely-chosen rejection of truth (cf. Romans 1:24-28) — never God manufacturing sin in the innocent, never an impersonal karmic mechanism. Mandatory theologian note at every occurrence.
Paradosis
Approved rendering: những điều truyền dạy
Transliteration: nhung dieu truyen day
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: truyền thống
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 2:15, 3:6. NEVER bare truyền thống (evokes gia phong/family custom and tục lệ thờ cúng tổ tiên/ancestor-veneration ritual custom). Must be anchored explicitly to apostolic gospel teaching delivered by word or letter. Mandatory contextual note at every occurrence. Human theologian review required.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: ân điển
Transliteration: an dien
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: phước đức, công đức, ơn nghĩa
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Never use phước đức or công đức (Buddhist accumulated merit) or ơn nghĩa (Confucian reciprocal-debt favor). Used in every opening and closing benediction of 2 Thessalonians (1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18) and as the ground of the ‘eternal comfort’ of 2:16. Inherited from Romans package.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: sự công bình
Transliteration: su cong binh
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: đức hạnh
Root term reused directly (as predicate adjective ‘công bình,’ 1:6) and via negation in this book’s new coinages for unrighteousness/injustice (sự không công bình, sự dối gạt của sự không công bình, ưng thuận và vui thích sự không công bình). Inherited from Romans package.
Justification
Approved rendering: sự xưng công bình
Transliteration: su xung cong binh
Doctrine: Salvation
Not directly used in 2 Thessalonians but retained for cross-reference: teaching notes for 2:12’s krithōsin (condemnation) should explicitly connect judgment and justification as two sides of the same forensic divine action, not an impersonal karmic ledger. Inherited from Romans package.
Election
Approved rendering: sự lựa chọn
Transliteration: su lua chon
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: số mệnh
Original: ἐξελέξατο
Category: Salvation
2 Thessalonians 2:13: ‘God chose you from the beginning’ (đã chọn, verb form of this root). Never số mệnh (fate) or nghiệp (karma). Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: Chúa
Transliteration: Chua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Used throughout 2 Thessalonians, including ‘the Lord of peace himself’ (3:16) and ‘in the name of the Lord’ (3:6, 3:12). Must be distinguished from folk-ritual invocation of spirit names. Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: sự vinh hiển
Transliteration: su vinh hien
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Christ’s glorious return (1:9-10) and believers’ shared future glory (1:12; 2:14), reflecting grace-given mutual glorification, not merit accumulation (công đức). Inherited from Romans package.
God
Approved rendering: Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Ông Trời
Original: θεός
Category: God
Used throughout; especially critical in 2:4 where the lawless one blasphemously counterfeits this identity (‘tuyên bố mình là Đức Chúa Trời’). Every occurrence there must carry context marking the claim as false. Inherited from Romans package.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: sự vâng phục của đức tin
Transliteration: su vang phuc cua duc tin
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: đạo hiếu
Not itself used verbatim in 2 Thessalonians, but governs the treatment of 3:14’s ‘obeys the word’ (vâng theo lời): obedience to apostolic teaching must flow from faith and community accountability, not đạo hiếu-style hierarchical filial duty. Inherited from Romans package.
Apostasia
Approved rendering: sự bội đạo
Transliteration: su boi dao
Doctrine: The Apostasy (The Rebellion)
Rejected alternatives: đổi đạo, bỏ đạo
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:3. Must be taught as a specific, corporate, prophesied end-times falling-away, not ordinary individual religious conversion/deconversion (đổi đạo/bỏ đạo), a familiar, socially loaded, everyday phenomenon in Vietnam. Human theologian review required.
Anomia
Approved rendering: sự vô luật pháp
Transliteration: su vo luat phap
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: phạm pháp
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:3, 2:7 (‘mystery of lawlessness,’ ‘sự mầu nhiệm của sự vô luật pháp’). Cosmic rejection of God’s moral order, not mere civil illegality (phạm pháp).
Naos Tou Theou
Approved rendering: đền thờ Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: den tho Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: The Lawless One’s Self-Deification
Rejected alternatives: đền (bare)
Original: ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:4. Adjacent-term risk to the baseline’s rejected bare đền (folk-hero shrine, e.g. Thánh Trần). ‘Đền thờ’ is a distinct, established Vietnamese Bible compound for God’s own sanctuary but requires surrounding context. Human theologian review required.
Mysterion Tes Anomias
Approved rendering: sự mầu nhiệm của sự vô luật pháp
Transliteration: su mau nhiem cua su vo luat phap
Doctrine: The Mystery of Lawlessness
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:7. ‘Mầu nhiệm’ must not be absorbed into folk-religious occult/esoteric associations (cầu cơ, spirit-writing séances); this is God’s own disclosed category for hidden evil already at work, not a divined secret.
Katechon
Approved rendering: điều ngăn trở / kẻ (Đấng) ngăn trở
Transliteration: dieu ngan tro / ke (Dang) ngan tro
Doctrine: The Restrainer / That Which Restrains
Original: τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:6-7. The Greek deliberately shifts between neuter (v.6) and masculine (v.7) form, an interpretive clue Vietnamese cannot reproduce grammatically. Do NOT resolve this ambiguity in translation. Mandatory translator note at both occurrences. Human theologian review required.
Energeia Tou Satana
Approved rendering: quyền lực của Sa-tan
Transliteration: quyen luc cua Sa-tan
Doctrine: Satanic Power and False Signs and Wonders
Rejected alternatives: thần linh
Original: ἐνέργεια τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:9. Must remain lexically distinct from quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời, and must not be diluted into the broad folk category of thần linh (spirits/local deities). Satan here is a specific, personal, malevolent being.
Semeia Kai Terata Pseudous
Approved rendering: các dấu lạ và việc kỳ diệu giả dối
Transliteration: cac dau la va viec ky dieu gia doi
Doctrine: Satanic Power and False Signs and Wonders
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:9. Directly relevant to Vietnamese spirit-medium traditions (đồng bóng, hầu đồng) and fortune-telling/folk healing; teach as real but satanically counterfeit displays, not neutral supernatural phenomena.
Antikeimenos
Approved rendering: kẻ chống đối
Transliteration: ke chong doi
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀντικείμενος
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:4. Active, cosmic opposition to God specifically, not generic interpersonal conflict.
Hyperairomenos
Approved rendering: tự nâng mình lên
Transliteration: tu nang minh len
Doctrine: The Lawless One’s Self-Deification
Original: ὑπεραιρόμενος
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:4. This false, living self-deification must be distinguished from the culturally accepted posthumous apotheosis of national heroes (e.g. Thánh Trần); this figure exalts himself while alive, in defiance of God.
Sebasma
Approved rendering: vật được tôn thờ
Transliteration: vat duoc ton tho
Doctrine: The Lawless One’s Self-Deification
Rejected alternatives: tượng thần (too narrow — idol statues only)
Original: σέβασμα
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:4. Deliberately broad; in the Vietnamese context necessarily includes ancestral tablets, deified heroes, and spirit shrines. Do not narrow to idol statues alone.
Hoi Apollymenoi
Approved rendering: những kẻ hư mất
Transliteration: nhung ke hu mat
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:10. Lexically echoes ‘con của sự hư mất’ (2:3); consistency of root rendering is required to preserve the deliberate lexical link.
Satan
Approved rendering: Sa-tan
Transliteration: Sa-tan
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: thần linh
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:9. Established transliterated proper name. Must be taught as a specific, personal, malevolent being, distinct from the broad Vietnamese folk category of thần linh (spirits/local deities).
Antapodounai
Approved rendering: báo trả
Transliteration: bao tra
Doctrine: Divine Vengeance and Recompense
Rejected alternatives: nghiệp báo, luật nhân quả
Original: ἀνταποδοῦναι
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 1:6. Must be taught as the deliberate, personal act of a personal God settling accounts once, never an impersonal, self-executing karmic mechanism. Human theologian review required.
Ekdikesis
Approved rendering: sự báo trả công bình
Transliteration: su bao tra cong binh
Doctrine: Divine Vengeance and Recompense
Rejected alternatives: báo thù
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 1:8. Deliberately avoids báo thù (revenge/vendetta) to prevent confusion with Vietnamese folk narratives of vengeful wandering spirits (oan hồn). This is complete, final, righteous judicial justice. Human theologian review required.
Pisteusai To Pseudei
Approved rendering: tin điều dối trá đó
Transliteration: tin dieu doi tra do
Doctrine: God’s Judicial Hardening (The Strong Delusion)
Original: πιστεῦσαι τῷ ψεύδει
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:11. Refers back to the lawless one’s specific self-deification claim (2:4), not falsehood generally.
Krithosin
Approved rendering: bị đoán xét / chịu sự phán xét
Transliteration: bi doan xet / chiu su phan xet
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: κριθῶσιν
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:12. Forensic judgment by a personal God, the counterpart to the baseline’s forensic justification (sự xưng công bình) — not an impersonal karmic ledger.
Hypomone
Approved rendering: sự nhịn nhục
Transliteration: su nhin nhuc
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: nhẫn nhục
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
2 Thessalonians 1:4. Must be distinguished from the near-homophonic Buddhist nhẫn nhục (detachment-based forbearance oriented toward merit/release). This is hope-anchored endurance grounded in confident expectation of Christ’s vindicating return. Human theologian review required, every occurrence.
Stekete
Approved rendering: hãy đứng vững
Transliteration: hay dung vung
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στήκετε
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 2:15. Central verb of the Standing Firm doctrine; active, resolute posture, not passive waiting. Render consistently wherever this theme recurs (echoing 2:2’s ‘not quickly shaken’).
Parangellomen En Onomati
Approved rendering: chúng tôi nhân danh Chúa mà truyền dạy
Transliteration: chung toi nhan danh Chua ma truyen day
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority in the Name of the Lord
Original: παραγγέλλομεν ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:6, 3:12. Must be distinguished from Vietnamese folk-ritual invocation of spirit/deity names (cầu cơ, exorcism rites); this invokes Christ’s unique, singular, risen authority. Human theologian review required.
Stellesthai
Approved rendering: hãy lánh xa người ấy
Transliteration: hay lanh xa nguoi ay
Doctrine: Church Discipline toward the Disobedient
Original: στέλλεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:6, 3:14. In Vietnam’s collectivist, kinship-based culture, social exclusion carries exceptionally heavy weight. Must be taught as a limited, corrective, restoration-oriented practice explicitly bounded by 3:15, not permanent ostracism or family-style disowning. Human theologian review required.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Tin Lành
Transliteration: tin lanh
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: tin tức tốt lành
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Established Vietnamese Protestant Bible term (‘good news’). In 2 Thessalonians 3:1, the gospel’s advance (‘the word of the Lord runs’) is the object of intercessory prayer. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: đức tin
Transliteration: duc tin
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Object of faith always Christ. Described as ‘growing abundantly’ amid persecution (1:3) and named alongside the Spirit’s sanctifying work as the means of salvation (2:13). Inherited from Romans package.
Called
Approved rendering: được kêu gọi
Transliteration: duoc keu goi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
In 2 Thessalonians, God’s summons to salvation and glory (1:11; 2:14). Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: sự kêu gọi
Transliteration: su keu goi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: số phận
Never conflate with số phận (fixed fate/destiny). Used of God counting believers ‘worthy of his calling’ (1:11). Inherited from Romans package.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: sự nên thánh
Transliteration: su nen thanh
Doctrine: Sanctification
In 2 Thessalonians 2:13, combined with Đức Thánh Linh as ‘sự nên thánh của Đức Thánh Linh’ — the Spirit’s sanctifying work named as one of the two means (with belief in the truth) by which God saves. Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: sự bình an
Transliteration: su binh an
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Greeting (1:2) and closing prayer-wish naming Christ ‘chính Chúa bình an’ (3:16). Relational peace through Christ, not meditative inner calm. Inherited from Romans package.
Church
Approved rendering: Hội Thánh
Transliteration: Hoi Thanh
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: đền, chùa
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
The Thessalonian congregation (1:1, 1:4). Never đền (folk-hero shrine) or chùa (Buddhist temple). Inherited from Romans package.
Law
Approved rendering: luật pháp
Transliteration: luat phap
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Root term for this book’s central coinages: người vô luật pháp, kẻ vô luật pháp, sự vô luật pháp. Must convey God’s own moral order, not merely civil legality. Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: quyền năng của Đức Chúa Trời
Transliteration: quyen nang cua Duc Chua Troi
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Must remain lexically distinct from this book’s new term ‘quyền lực của Sa-tan’ (2:9), so the divine/satanic power contrast is never blurred. Inherited from Romans package.
Episynagoge
Approved rendering: sự nhóm lại cùng Ngài
Transliteration: su nhom lai cung Ngai
Doctrine: The Gathering of the Saints to Christ
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology
2 Thessalonians 2:1. Must be distinguished from ordinary weekly congregational gathering (sự thông công); this is the future, once-for-all eschatological reunion of believers with Christ.
Epiphaneia
Approved rendering: sự hiện ra
Transliteration: su hien ra
Doctrine: The Coming (Parousia) of Christ
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology
2 Thessalonians 2:8, paired emphatically with sự quang lâm (‘sự hiện ra trong sự quang lâm của Ngài’) to stress the visible, unmistakable nature of Christ’s return. Retain the doubled emphasis; do not collapse to a single word.
Kairos
Approved rendering: kỳ đã định
Transliteration: ky da dinh
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: định mệnh
Original: καιρός
Category: Eschatology
2 Thessalonians 2:6. God’s sovereign, appointed timing for the lawless one’s unveiling — not impersonal fixed fate (định mệnh); extends the baseline’s providence caution.
Pneuma Tou Stomatos
Approved rendering: hơi thở từ miệng Ngài
Transliteration: hoi tho tu mieng Ngai
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Đức Thánh Linh (must not be read as the Holy Spirit)
Original: πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
Category: Man of Lawlessness
2 Thessalonians 2:8 (echoing Isaiah 11:4). Physical ‘breath,’ an image of Christ’s effortless, word-based power to destroy evil — NOT a reference to the Person of the Holy Spirit.
Dikaion
Approved rendering: công bình
Transliteration: cong binh
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: δίκαιον
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 1:6, ‘it is a just/righteous thing with God.’ Reuses the baseline righteousness root as a predicate adjective describing God’s judicial character, distinct from a believer’s forensic standing (sự xưng công bình).
Prosopou Tou Kyriou
Approved rendering: khỏi mặt Chúa
Transliteration: khoi mat Chua
Doctrine: Eternal Destruction
Original: προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 1:9. Standard biblical idiom for exclusion from divine presence; low independent risk beyond the eternal-destruction doctrine it serves.
Eudokesantes Te Adikia
Approved rendering: ưng thuận và vui thích sự không công bình
Transliteration: ung thuan va vui thich su khong cong binh
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:12. Built on the baseline sự công bình root via negation; retains the deliberate, willing-delight nuance rather than softening to passive wrongdoing.
Apate Adikias
Approved rendering: sự dối gạt của sự không công bình
Transliteration: su doi gat cua su khong cong binh
Doctrine: Love of the Truth and Salvation
Original: ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:10. Built cleanly on the baseline righteousness root via negation; deception that is itself an expression of moral rebellion, not neutral trickery.
Agape Tes Aletheias
Approved rendering: lòng yêu mến lẽ thật
Transliteration: long yeu men le that
Doctrine: Love of the Truth and Salvation
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:10. The genuine, saving embrace of gospel truth these people refused, not mere intellectual assent.
Aletheia
Approved rendering: lẽ thật
Transliteration: le that
Doctrine: Love of the Truth and Salvation
Rejected alternatives: chân lý (secular/philosophical truth)
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Judgment
2 Thessalonians 2:10, 2:12, 2:13. Established Vietnamese Bible term (cf. John 14:6); adopted as the standard rendering for this curriculum.
Thlipsis
Approved rendering: sự hoạn nạn
Transliteration: su hoan nan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
2 Thessalonians 1:4, 1:6. Standard Vietnamese Bible vocabulary; risk is primarily pastoral sensitivity, not syncretism.
Diogmos
Approved rendering: sự bắt bớ
Transliteration: su bat bo
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance
2 Thessalonians 1:4. Specifically faith-motivated suffering; historically resonant given Vietnam’s own history of religious persecution.
Krateite
Approved rendering: hãy giữ lấy
Transliteration: hay giu lay
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: κρατεῖτε
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 2:15. Companion verb to hãy đứng vững; describes firm retention of apostolic teaching (những điều truyền dạy).
Hypakouei To Logo
Approved rendering: vâng theo lời
Transliteration: vang theo loi
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority in the Name of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: đạo hiếu (as sole framing)
Original: ὑπακούει τῷ λόγῳ
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:14. Reuses the baseline ‘obedience of faith’ caution: obedience flowing from faith and community accountability, not đạo hiếu-style hierarchical filial duty.
Proseuchesthe Peri Hemon
Approved rendering: hãy cầu nguyện cho chúng tôi
Transliteration: hay cau nguyen cho chung toi
Doctrine: Prayer for the Advance of the Gospel and for Deliverance
Original: προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:1. Ordinary congregational intercessory prayer; distinguish from cầu xin tổ tiên (petitioning deceased ancestors) — living believers petitioning the living God for one another.
Phylaxei Apo Tou Ponerou
Approved rendering: sẽ giữ anh em khỏi kẻ ác
Transliteration: se giu anh em khoi ke ac
Doctrine: Protection from the Evil One
Rejected alternatives: bùa hộ mệnh, bùa trừ tà
Original: φυλάξει ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:3. Protection from the Lord’s own faithful power and presence, not a ritual amulet/charm.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: khích lệ
Transliteration: khich le
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Shares a root with this book’s new term ‘sự an ủi’ (comfort, 2:16-17, from παράκλησις). Inherited from Romans package.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: sự cảm tạ
Transliteration: su cam ta
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Opens both chapters 1 and 2 of 2 Thessalonians (1:3; 2:13). Standard term; minimal doctrinal risk. Inherited from Romans package.
Ekkakesete
Approved rendering: đừng chán nản
Transliteration: dung chan nan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ἐκκακήσητε
Category: Perseverance
2 Thessalonians 3:13. Applies the perseverance theme to ordinary church-life discouragement, not only outside hostility.
Agape Love
Approved rendering: tình yêu thương
Transliteration: tinh yeu thuong
Doctrine: Thanksgiving for Growing Faith and Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Perseverance
2 Thessalonians 1:3. Well-established Vietnamese Christian vocabulary; low syncretism risk.
Ischys
Approved rendering: sức mạnh
Transliteration: suc manh
Doctrine: Mutual Glorification with Christ
Original: ἰσχύς
Category: Perseverance
2 Thessalonians 1:9. Paired with sự vinh hiển (glory) to describe Christ’s overwhelming might at his return.
Noutheteite Hos Adelphon
Approved rendering: hãy khuyên bảo người ấy như anh em
Transliteration: hay khuyen bao nguoi ay nhu anh em
Doctrine: Church Discipline toward the Disobedient
Original: νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:15. Familial-brotherhood framing; culturally resonant and positive, comparatively low risk.
Ataktos Peripatountos
Approved rendering: sống bậy bạ, không chịu làm việc
Transliteration: song bay ba, khong chiu lam viec
Doctrine: Diligent Work and Order in the Church
Original: ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:6, 3:11. Practical violation of apostolic instruction; connects thematically to Standing Firm in the Traditions.
Ergazesthai
Approved rendering: làm việc
Transliteration: lam viec
Doctrine: Diligent Work and Order in the Church
Original: ἐργάζεσθαι
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:10: ‘if anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat.‘
Periergazomenous
Approved rendering: xen vào việc người khác
Transliteration: xen vao viec nguoi khac
Doctrine: Diligent Work and Order in the Church
Original: περιεργαζομένους
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:11. The practical result of idleness — meddling rather than working.
To Semeion
Approved rendering: dấu hiệu riêng
Transliteration: dau hieu rieng
Doctrine: Authenticity of Apostolic Letters
Original: τὸ σημεῖον
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:17. Paul’s handwritten authenticating mark, answering the forged-letter concern of 2:2.
Epistole
Approved rendering: thư tín
Transliteration: thu tin
Doctrine: Authenticity of Apostolic Letters
Original: ἐπιστολή
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 2:2, 2:15, 3:14, 3:17. Possible forged letters vs. genuine apostolic correspondence; thematic link to Standing Firm in the Traditions.
Logos Tou Kyriou
Approved rendering: lời của Chúa
Transliteration: loi cua Chua
Doctrine: Prayer for the Advance of the Gospel and for Deliverance
Original: λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:1. The gospel message, treated as God’s own authoritative speech.
Poneroi Kai Kakoi Anthropoi
Approved rendering: những kẻ độc ác và gian tà
Transliteration: nhung ke doc ac va gian ta
Doctrine: Prayer for the Advance of the Gospel and for Deliverance
Original: πονηροὶ καὶ κακοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Standing Firm in the Traditions
2 Thessalonians 3:2. Standard descriptive term for those opposing Paul’s ministry.
Paul
Approved rendering: Phao-lô
Transliteration: Phao-lo
Doctrine: Proper Names
2 Thessalonians 1:1. Established Vietnamese Bible proper-name form; consistent with baseline Romans package.
Silvanus
Approved rendering: Si-la
Transliteration: Si-la
Doctrine: Proper Names
2 Thessalonians 1:1. Established Vietnamese Bible proper-name form (Silvanus/Silas).
Timothy
Approved rendering: Ti-mô-thê
Transliteration: Ti-mo-the
Doctrine: Proper Names
2 Thessalonians 1:1. Established Vietnamese Bible proper-name form.
Thessalonica
Approved rendering: Tê-sa-lô-ni-ca
Transliteration: Te-sa-lo-ni-ca
Doctrine: Proper Names
2 Thessalonians 1:1. Established Vietnamese Bible proper-name form for the city/congregation.
Referenced passages