Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Peter (Full-Book Term Inventory)
This glossary covers every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 Peter chapters 1–5. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] carry forward the exact established Nepali rendering from the Romans Language Package and MUST NOT be altered. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and should be added to an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) before Phase 2 translation begins.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — doctrine-altering error risk; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — significant syncretism/confusion risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — clarity risk with meaning preserved; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor risk; automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline (Romans) Translation Memory
| English Term | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | 1 Peter Citations | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुसमाचार | High | Gospel | 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17 | Reused without change |
| grace | अनुग्रह | High | Grace | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 2:19-20, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | Never पुण्य/भाग्य |
| faith | विश्वास | High | Faith | 1:5, 1:7-9, 1:21, 5:9 | Never श्रद्धा/भक्ति |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | Righteousness/Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2:24, 3:12, 3:14, 4:18 | Never धर्म |
| salvation | उद्धार | Critical | Salvation | 1:5, 1:9, 1:10, 2:2, 3:20-21, 4:18 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष/निर्वाण |
| apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | Apostleship | 1:1 | — |
| called / calling | बोलाइएका / बोलावट | High | Divine Calling | 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10 | Context: apostleship, sainthood, effectual calling all present |
| holy | पवित्र | High | Sanctification / Holiness in Conduct | 1:15-16, 2:5, 2:9, 3:5 | Lev 11:44/19:2 quotation |
| sanctification | पवित्रीकरण | High | Sanctification | 1:2 | ”sanctification of the Spirit” |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 3:21 | Never पुनर्जन्म |
| lord | प्रभु | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 3:15 | Note: 3:6 uses κύριος of Abraham (human honorific) — see glossary note below |
| peace | शान्ति | Medium | Peace with God | 5:14 | Closing benediction |
| spiritual gifts | आत्मिक वरदान | Medium | Spiritual Gifts / Elders and Humility | 4:10 | χάρισμα |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | Thanksgiving | (implicit in 1:3 doxology form) | — |
| fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | Christian Fellowship | 4:13 (κοινωνέω) | Sharing in Christ’s sufferings |
| church | मण्डली | Medium | Church as Holy/Royal Priesthood | (implicit; corporate-body language 2:5, 4:17, 5:2) | Cross-reference to “spiritual house,” “household of God,” “flock” |
| law | व्यवस्था | High | (not directly thematic in 1 Peter) | — | Not heavily used; retained for consistency if referenced |
| sin | पाप | High | Universal Human Accountability / Substitutionary Suffering | 2:22, 2:24, 4:1, 4:8, 4:18 | Never अकुशल कर्म |
| gentiles | अन्यजाति | Medium | (contrast term) | 2:12, 4:3 | Note collision with ἔθνος ἅγιον (“holy nation”) — see below |
| glory | महिमा | High | Deity/Suffering doctrines | 1:7-8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | Never तेज |
| obedience of faith | विश्वासको आज्ञाकारिता | High | (root concept) | 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 (ὑπακοή) | Related concept “children of obedience” |
| power of God | परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य | High | Power of God | 1:5 | Never शक्ति |
| election | परमेश्वरको छनोट | High | Divine Calling / Effectual Calling | 1:1-2, 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 | ἐκλεκτός/ἐκλογή family |
| providence | परमेश्वरको व्यवस्थापन | High | (root concept) | 4:19 (faithful Creator), 5:7 (he cares for you) | — |
| jesus / christ | येशू / ख्रीष्ट | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | throughout | Established proper-name forms |
| god | परमेश्वर | Critical | — | throughout | Never भगवान |
| holy spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | — | 1:2, 1:11-12, 3:18-19 (context-sensitive), 4:14 | Must not extend to ψυχή (soul) or to 3:19’s πνεύματα (spirits in prison) |
| father | पिता | Critical | — | 1:2-3, 1:17 | — |
| exhort | उत्साहित पार्नु | Low | Mutual Edification | 5:12 (παρακαλέω) | — |
B. New Terms Required for 1 Peter — Full Glossary
| # | English Term | Greek (translit.) | Nepali Rendering (translit.) | Risk | Doctrine Category | Citation(s) | Rationale / Forbidden Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | जीवित आशा (jivit asha) | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | Must stay paired with पुनरुत्थान; not a generic wish or fatalistic acceptance (never भाग्य/किस्मत) |
| 2 | Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | दया (daya) | Medium-High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 2:10 | Distinct from अनुग्रह (grace); do not conflate |
| 3 | Born again / new birth | ἀναγεννάω (anagennaō) | नयाँ जन्म (naya janma) | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:23 | NEVER पुनर्जन्म — identical collision risk as “resurrection”; add to forbidden-substitution list |
| 4 | Inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | उत्तराधिकार (uttaradhikar) | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4 | Must not imply caste/lineage-based inheritance rights (Muluki Ain legacy) |
| 5 | Imperishable | ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos) | अविनाशी (avinashi) | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, 1:23, 3:4 | Distinguish from Hindu/Buddhist teaching on an imperishable self (ātman) |
| 6 | Undefiled | ἀμίαντος (amiantos) | निष्कलंक (nishkalank) | Low-Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4 | Moral, not ritual, purity |
| 7 | Unfading | ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος (amarantos) | अक्षय (akshaya) | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4, 5:4 | Sanskrit-origin word with Hindu ritual resonance (अक्षय तृतीया); clarify as adjective only |
| 8 | Guarded | φρουρέω (phroureō) | पहरा दिइएका (pahara diieka) | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:5 | Military-sentry image; preserve vividness |
| 9 | Trial / testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | परीक्षा (pariksha) | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:6 | God-permitted testing under a personal God, not karmic testing |
| 10 | Genuineness (of faith) | δοκίμιον (dokimion) | साँचोपन / खरोपन (sanchopan/kharopan) | Medium-High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:7 | Tests authenticity, does not create merit |
| 11 | Soul | ψυχή (psychē) | प्राण (pran) | High | (cross-cutting) | 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19 | Consistency rule: never आत्मा (reserved for Holy Spirit) |
| 12 | Sojourners / exiles | παρεπίδημοι / πάροικοι (parepidēmoi/paroikoi) | प्रवासी / परदेशी (prawasi/pardeshi) | High | Submission to Authority / Christian identity | 1:1, 1:17, 2:11 | Lived resonance with Nepal’s restricted-church history; do not soften to pure metaphor |
| 13 | Lust / passion | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | अभिलाषा (abhilasha) | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1:14, 2:11, 4:2-3 | Contrast category to holiness |
| 14 | Redemption / ransom | λυτρόω (lytroō) | छुटकारा (chutkara) | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:18 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष; preserve “price paid” sense |
| 15 | Precious blood / lamb without blemish | τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος (timion haima / amnos amōmos) | बहुमूल्य रगत / निष्खोट थुमा (bahumulya ragat / nishkhot thuma) | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:19 | Requires OT Passover/Isaiah 53 framing; must not resemble Hindu sacrificial ritual |
| 16 | Manifested / foreknown | φανερόω / προγινώσκω (phaneroō/proginōskō) | प्रकट हुनु / अगिबाटै चिनिनु (prakat hunu / agibatai chininu) | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:20 | Once-for-all manifestation, not repeatable avatar-descent |
| 17 | Word of God, living and abiding | λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων (logos zōn kai menōn) | जीवित र अटल वचन (jivit ra atal bachan) | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:23 | Ground of new birth; not a karmic “seed” |
| 18 | Spiritual milk | λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα (logikon adolon gala) | निष्कपट आत्मिक दूध (nishkapat atmik dudh) | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 2:2 | Scripture as nourishment, not ritual food category |
| 19 | Living stone | λίθος ζῶν (lithos zōn) | जीवित ढुङ्गा (jivit dhunga) | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering (Christology) | 2:4-5 | Cornerstone Christology; connect to “living hope” theme |
| 20 | Holy priesthood / royal priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma) | पवित्र पूजाहारी वर्ग / राजकीय पूजाहारी वर्ग (pavitra pujahari varga / rajakiya pujahari varga) | CRITICAL | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5, 2:9 | पूजाहारी shares its root with पूजा (Hindu/Buddhist ritual worship) and a caste-linked priestly office; teaching must explicitly state every believer, of any caste, has direct priestly access — no ritual specialist required |
| 21 | Chosen race / holy nation | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον (genos eklekton / ethnos hagion) | चुनिएको जाति (or वंश) / पवित्र जाति (chuniyeko jati/vansha / pavitra jati) | CRITICAL | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Unity across castes | 2:9 | जाति = caste/ethnic-group word in Nepali; risk of reading the church as a new caste. Recommend वंश as safer primary rendering; if जाति retained, mandatory explanatory note against caste misreading. Also creates a same-root collision with अन्यजाति (“the nations/Gentiles”) |
| 22 | God’s own possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν (laos eis peripoiēsin) | उहाँका निज जन (unhaka nij jan) | Medium | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | — |
| 23 | Conduct / behavior | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | चालचलन (chalchalan) | High | Holiness in Conduct | 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16 | Recurring anchor term; render consistently throughout |
| 24 | Submit / be subject | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | अधीनमा रहनु (adhinma rahanu) | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:22, 5:5 | Voluntary, gospel-motivated submission modeled on Christ; never a re-endorsement of caste-based coercive subordination |
| 25 | Suffer / suffering | πάσχω / πάθημα (paschō/pathēma) | दुःख भोग्नु / दुःखभोग (dukha bhognu/dukhabhog) | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake (central theme) | 2:19-21, 2:23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10 | Innocent, unjust, Christlike suffering — must not be assimilated to karma-suffering framework |
| 26 | Once for all | ἅπαξ (hapax) | एकपल्ट (सदाको निम्ति) (ekpalta) | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | Linear, non-repeatable, sufficient — contra any cyclical ritual-atonement framework |
| 27 | Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | अन्तस्करण (antaskaran) | Medium | Submission to Authority / Substitutionary Suffering | 2:19, 3:16, 3:21 | Standard Nepali Christian ethical term |
| 28 | Spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (pneumata en phylakē) | झ्यालखानामा रहेका आत्माहरू (jhyalkhanama raheka atmaharu) | CRITICAL | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Pet 3:18-22) | 3:19 | Must not be confused with पवित्र आत्मा; must not imply post-mortem second chance; must not endorse ancestor-spirit/medium practices |
| 29 | Ark (Noah’s) | κιβωτός (kibōtos) | जहाज (jahaj) | Low | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:20 | Established Nepali Bible term |
| 30 | Baptism | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | बप्तिस्मा (baptisma) | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Established transliteration; verse’s causal wording requires careful non-ritualistic framing |
| 31 | Powers/authorities (spiritual) | ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις (exousiai, dynameis) | अधिकारीहरू, शक्तिहरू (adhikariharu, shaktiharu) | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:22 | शक्ति permissible here (created spiritual powers, NOT “power of God”); distinguish from परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य |
| 32 | Idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | मूर्तिपूजा (murtipuja) | CRITICAL | Holiness in Conduct | 4:3 | Names Hindu/Buddhist devotional image-worship directly; must not be softened; pair with pastoral sensitivity guidance |
| 33 | Judge living and dead | κρίνω ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς (krinō zōntas kai nekrous) | जीवित र मृतकको न्याय गर्नु (jivit ra mritakko nyaya garnu) | High | (eschatology, cross-doctrine) | 4:5 | — |
| 34 | Gospel preached to the dead | εὐαγγελίζω νεκροῖς (euangelizō nekrois) | मृतकहरूलाई सुसमाचार प्रचार गरियो (mritakharulai susamachar prachar gariyo) | Critical/High | (disputed passage) | 4:6 | Must not imply universal post-mortem second chance; preserve interpretive options for teacher, not resolved by translation |
| 35 | Steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | भण्डारी (bhandari) | Medium | Elders and Humility | 4:10 | New term for stewardship of grace/gifts |
| 36 | Strength (supplied by God) | ἰσχύς (ischys) | बल (bal) | Medium | Elders and Humility | 4:11 | Distinct word from δύναμις Θεοῦ; render बल, not सामर्थ्य or शक्ति, to avoid conflation |
| 37 | Dominion / might | κράτος (kratos) | अधिकार / प्रभुत्व (adhikar/prabhutwa) | Medium | (doxology) | 4:11, 5:11 | — |
| 38 | Fiery trial | πύρωσις (pyrōsis) | आगोजस्तो परीक्षा (agojasto pariksha) | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:12 | Reuses परीक्षा + refining-fire image from 1:7 |
| 39 | Christian (identity label) | Χριστιανός (Christianos) | ख्रीष्टियन (Khristiyan) | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christian identity | 4:16 | Real contemporary social/legal exposure in Nepal (2017 Muluki Criminal Code) |
| 40 | Household of God | οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ (oikos tou Theou) | परमेश्वरको घराना (Parameshwarko gharana) | Medium-High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 4:17 | Cross-reference to मण्डली and “spiritual house” (2:5) |
| 41 | Creator | κτίστης (ktistēs) | सृष्टिकर्ता (srishtikarta) | High | (providence) | 4:19 | Sole, personal Creator; distinct from Hindu pantheon creator-deities |
| 42 | Elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | प्राचीन (pracheen) | High | Elders and Humility | 5:1, 5:5 | Functional office of shepherding responsibility, not caste-linked or guru/purohit-equivalent |
| 43 | Shepherd / oversee | ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω (poimainō/episkopeō) | गोठालोपन गर्नु / निरीक्षण गर्नु (gothalopan garnu/nirikshan garnu) | Medium-High | Elders and Humility | 2:25, 5:2 | Vocabulary pair defining the eldership role |
| 44 | Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην (archipoimēn) | प्रधान गोठालो (pradhan gothalo) | High | Elders and Humility (Christology) | 5:4 | Christological title distinguishing Christ from human elders |
| 45 | Domineering (contrast term) | κατακυριεύω (katakyrieuō) | हुकुम चलाउनु / शासन गर्नु (hukum chalaunu/shasan garnu) | High | Elders and Humility | 5:3 | Deliberate contrast to legitimate submission; safeguards against authoritarian misuse |
| 46 | Humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη (tapeinophrosynē) | नम्रता (namrata) | High | Elders and Humility | 3:8, 5:5-6 | Positive Christlike virtue for all, not enforced caste-linked deference |
| 47 | Devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | दियाबल (diyabal) | Critical | Elders and Humility / spiritual warfare | 5:8 | Personal, singular adversary; distinct from folk-religion ghost/spirit-appeasement categories |
| 48 | Gentle and quiet spirit | πραΰ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα (prau kai hēsychion pneuma) | नम्र र शान्त आत्मा (namra ra shanta atma) | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:4 | πνεῦμα = disposition here, not the Holy Spirit; flag context |
| 49 | Weaker vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (asthenesteron skeuos) | कमजोर भाँडो (kamjor bhando) | Medium | Submission to Authority | 3:7 | Gender-sensitivity handling required in teaching notes |
| 50 | Anxiety / care | μέριμνα (merimna) | फिक्री / चिन्ता (phikri/chinta) | Low-Medium | (providence) | 5:7 | Contrast with fatalistic भाग्य |
C. Terms Flagged for Context-Sensitive Dual Usage (Same Greek Root, Different Referents)
| Greek Root | Usage 1 | Usage 2 | Risk | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| κύριος (kyrios) | Christ’s exclusive Lordship — प्रभु (Critical) | Sarah addressing Abraham as “lord” (3:6) — human honorific | High | Recommend distinct human-honorific rendering (e.g., स्वामी/मालिक) at 3:6 to preserve प्रभु’s doctrinal exclusivity elsewhere |
| πνεῦμα (pneuma) | Holy Spirit — पवित्र आत्मा (Critical) | Human disposition “gentle and quiet spirit” (3:4); “spirits in prison” (3:19, non-human) | Critical | Each occurrence must be individually assessed; never default to पवित्र आत्मा for non-Trinitarian referents |
| δύναμις (dynamis) | Power of God for salvation — सामर्थ्य (High, never शक्ति) | Created spiritual “powers” subject to Christ (3:22) — शक्ति acceptable | Medium | शक्ति ban applies specifically to God’s own saving power, not to this distinct created-powers referent |
| ἔθνος (ethnos) | “the Gentiles/nations” — अन्यजाति (Medium, established) | “a holy nation” applied to the church (2:9) — पवित्र जाति | Critical | Same root, opposite theological valence within one letter; requires explicit teaching note |
| τέλος (telos) | “outcome/goal of faith” (1:9) | “the end of all things” — eschatological imminence (4:7) | Medium | Both linear/purposive, not cyclical; consistent rendering recommended with sense-note |
D. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference Index
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (this glossary #) |
|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 17, [BASELINE: resurrection, salvation] |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 9, 10, 25, 26, 38, [BASELINE: righteousness] |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 33 (household), 40, [BASELINE: church] |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 12, 13, 23, 24, 48, 49 |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 14, 15, 16, 19, 26, [BASELINE: sin, righteousness] |
| Holiness in Conduct | 13, 18, 23, 32 |
| Elders and Humility | 35, 36, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50 |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (3:18-22) | 26, 28, 29, 30, 31 |
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment from the Romans baseline) before Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Peter begins. All Critical and High risk new terms require human theologian sign-off per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikata
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors 1 Peter 2:24, 3:12, 3:14, 4:18 and the curriculum doctrine ‘Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake’ at 3:14. NEVER धर्म.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5, 1:9-10, 2:2, 3:20-21, 4:18. NEVER मुक्ति, मोक्ष, or निर्वाण.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthan
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3, 3:21. NEVER पुनर्जन्म; anchors the core curriculum doctrine.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 3:15. CONTEXT NOTE: 3:6 uses the same Greek κύριος for Sarah’s human honorific address to Abraham — render that one instance with स्वामी/मालिक (see lord_human_honorific), never प्रभु, to preserve प्रभु’s exclusive doctrinal weight.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 1 Peter.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity and Fatherhood of God
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never भगवान.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification / Inspiration of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:11-12, 4:14. NEVER ब्रह्म or परमात्मा. Must NOT be extended to ψυχή (soul, प्राण), the human ‘gentle and quiet spirit’ (3:4), or the ‘spirits in prison’ (3:19) — each is a distinct referent.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Fatherhood of God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2-3, 1:17.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Christology / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry, distinct from मसीह (reserved for explicit OT messianic-fulfillment contexts). ख्रीष्ट is the established proper-name/title form used pervasively throughout 1 Peter (1:1, 1:3, 1:11, 1:19, 2:5, 2:21, 3:16, 3:18, 4:1, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:10, 5:14). Both terms coexist; do not substitute one for the other.
New Birth
Approved rendering: नयाँ जन्म
Transliteration: naya janma
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:3, 1:23. NEVER पुनर्जन्म — identical collision risk as resurrection with the Hindu/Buddhist karma-driven rebirth cycle (including the Himalayan Buddhist tulku reincarnation tradition). A single, once-for-all, non-repeating divine act. The ‘imperishable seed’ metaphor (1:23) must not be read through the karma-bija/karma-phala framework.
Precious Blood Lamb
Approved rendering: बहुमूल्य रगत / निष्खोट र दोषरहित थुमा
Transliteration: bahumulya ragat / nishkhot ra dosharahit thuma
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: बलिदान (bare, unqualified)
Original: τίμιον αἷμα Χριστοῦ, ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:19. Requires explicit OT Passover/Isaiah 53 sacrificial framing so it is not misheard as endorsing or resembling ongoing Hindu ritual animal sacrifice (e.g., Dashain, Gadhimai-type offerings). Christ’s sacrifice is unique, final, once-for-all.
Holy Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: पवित्र पूजाहारी वर्ग / राजकीय पूजाहारी वर्ग
Transliteration: pavitra pujahari varga / rajakiya pujahari varga
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:5, 2:9. पूजाहारी shares its root with पूजा (Hindu/Buddhist ritual worship performed by a caste-linked priestly specialist), bound up with the Muluki Ain caste hierarchy. MANDATORY teaching note at every occurrence: every believer, of any caste or birth, is already a priest with direct access to God — no ritual-specialist intermediary caste required. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Chosen Race Holy Nation
Approved rendering: चुनिएको वंश / पवित्र जाति
Transliteration: chuniyeko vansha / pavitra jati
Doctrine: Unity Across Castes as God’s Chosen People
Rejected alternatives: चुनिएको जाति (as unqualified primary rendering)
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:9. जाति is Nepal’s ordinary word for both ‘nation’ and ‘caste/ethnic group,’ the vocabulary underlying the Muluki Ain caste-classification system. वंश (lineage) is the safer primary rendering for γένος; if जाति retained, mandatory teaching that this ‘जाति’ is spiritual and open to every caste. Same-root collision with अन्यजाति (2:12, 4:3) requires an explicit teaching note.
Once For All
Approved rendering: एकपल्ट (सदाको निम्ति)
Transliteration: ekpalta (sadako nimti)
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:18, ‘Christ suffered once for sins.’ Preserves the linear, non-repeatable, sufficient nature of Christ’s suffering against any cyclical or repeated ritual-atonement framework.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: झ्यालखानामा रहेका आत्माहरू
Transliteration: jhyalkhanama raheka atmaharu
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: पवित्र आत्मा (forbidden for this referent), भूत-प्रेत framing
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:19. Anchor text for the curriculum doctrine, among the most exegetically disputed NT passages. Must be sharply distinguished from पवित्र आत्मा. MANDATORY translator/teacher note explaining interpretive options and cautioning against (a) a post-mortem second-chance reading, and (b) endorsement of ancestor-spirit communication/mediumship (jhar-phuk) practices in Nepali folk religion. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: मूर्तिपूजा
Transliteration: murtipuja
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Former Life Renounced
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
1 Peter 4:3. Names, in plain Nepali, the devotional image-worship central to Nepal’s Hindu majority and to Newar/Himalayan Buddhist communities. Must NOT be softened or replaced with a vaguer term; theologian review required, paired with pastoral sensitivity guidance distinguishing critique of the system from personal attack on Hindu/Buddhist neighbors and family.
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: मृतकहरूलाई सुसमाचार प्रचार
Transliteration: mritakharulai susamachar prachar
Doctrine: Gospel Preached to the Dead and Final Judgment
Original: εὐαγγελίζω νεκροῖς
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 4:6. Among the NT’s most disputed statements. Must NOT be taught or translated to imply a universal post-mortem second chance, which would contradict the fixed judgment of 4:5. Preserve interpretive options for the teacher; do not resolve the ambiguity in the translation itself. Theologian review required.
Devil
Approved rendering: दियाबल
Transliteration: diyabal
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil / Spiritual Warfare
Rejected alternatives: भूत, पिशाच
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
1 Peter 5:8. Established Nepali Christian term for a personal, singular, defeated-yet-active adversary. Must be sharply distinguished from the diffuse ghost/spirit (bhut-pret) and displeased-local-deity categories addressed through Nepali folk-religious shamanic exorcism (jhar-phuk); resisted through faith, not ritual appeasement.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:12, 1:25, 4:6, 4:17. Must convey the authoritative proclamation of salvation through Christ, not generic good news.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, पुण्य, भाग्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 2:19-20, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12. Must remain distinct from ἔλεος/दया (mercy shown toward the afflicted); never पुण्य or भाग्य.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5, 1:7-9, 1:21, 5:9. Never श्रद्धा/भक्ति.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलाइएका
Transliteration: bolaieka
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रित
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 3:9, 5:10. Context-sensitive across sainthood, suffering-example, and glory-calling senses.
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावट
Transliteration: bolawat
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter’s election/calling vocabulary (1:1-2, 2:9, 5:10). Must convey sovereign summons, not karma-determined destiny.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:15-16 (quoting Lev 11:44/19:2), 2:5, 2:9, 3:5. Never शुद्ध (ritual purity).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: सन्त, साधु
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter’s corporate-believer identity vocabulary; reaffirmed against सन्त/साधु for both general believer identity and eldership (प्राचीन).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, ‘sanctification of the Spirit.‘
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavastha
Doctrine: Cross-curriculum consistency (not a major 1 Peter theme)
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος (concept)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency if referenced. Never धर्म.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: अकुशल कर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:22, 2:24, 4:1, 4:8, 4:18. Never अकुशल कर्म.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Suffering doctrines
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:7-8, 1:11, 1:21, 1:24, 4:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10. Never तेज.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासको आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: vishwasko agyakarita
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य पालन
Original: ὑπακοή (concept, related to ὑπακοὴ πίστεως)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:14, 1:22 (‘children of obedience,’ ‘obedience to the truth’). Obedience born of new birth, not caste/social duty.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko samarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5. NEVER शक्ति for God’s own saving power. NOTE: 3:22’s created spiritual powers is a distinct referent where शक्ति is permitted — see spiritual_powers_authorities.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको छनोट
Transliteration: Parameshwarko chhanot
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1-2 (‘elect exiles’), 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 (‘chosen race’). Never भाग्य/किस्मत.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको व्यवस्थापन
Transliteration: Parameshwarko vyavasthapan
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Care
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्मको नियम
Original: concept (cf. 1 Peter 4:19, 5:7)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:19 (‘faithful Creator’), 5:7 (‘he cares for you’). Never भाग्य/कर्मको नियम.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: जीवित आशा
Transliteration: jivit asha
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: आशा (alone), भाग्य, किस्मत
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Hope
1 Peter 1:3. Anchor phrase for the core passage and core doctrine. Must always be collocated with पुनरुत्थान at first occurrence; never diluted into generic wish or fatalistic acceptance.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: daya
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: अनुग्रह (in this specific sense)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:3, 2:10. Distinct from अनुग्रह (grace, unmerited favor toward the guilty); दया is compassion toward those in need/distress. Flag wherever both terms occur in the same passage.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: उत्तराधिकार
Transliteration: uttaradhikar
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:4. Must not be read through caste/lineage inheritance law historically codified in the Muluki Ain; granted by grace to every believer regardless of caste or birth status.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: pariksha
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 1:6; cf. πύρωσις ‘fiery trial’ at 4:12. God-permitted testing under a personal God, not karmic testing/purification within an impersonal cosmic order.
Genuineness Of Faith
Approved rendering: साँचोपन / खरोपन
Transliteration: sanchopan / kharopan
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith
1 Peter 1:7. Must not suggest faith itself is earned or increased by merit through suffering — tests authenticity, does not create merit; guards against Hindu/Buddhist merit-accumulation frameworks.
Soul
Approved rendering: प्राण
Transliteration: pran
Doctrine: Cross-cutting anthropology
Rejected alternatives: आत्मा
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
1 Peter 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. CONSISTENCY RULE: always प्राण, never आत्मा — आत्मा is reserved exclusively for पवित्र आत्मा. Using आत्मा for ψυχή would blur the human-soul/divine-Spirit distinction.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: प्रवासी / परदेशी
Transliteration: prawasi / pardeshi
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Exiles
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Identity
1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11. Given Nepal’s historically restricted church (illegal until 1990) and current 2017 Muluki Criminal Code exposure, this identity carries direct lived resonance and must not be softened into a purely spiritual metaphor.
Redemption Ransom
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chutkara
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:18. Preserves the commercial/sacrificial ‘price paid’ sense without invoking मुक्ति/मोक्ष’s Hindu liberation-from-rebirth associations, already forbidden for ‘salvation.‘
Manifested Foreknown
Approved rendering: प्रकट हुनु / अगिबाटै चिनिनु
Transliteration: prakat hunu / agibatai chininu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: अवतार-style repeatable descent framing
Original: φανερόω / προγινώσκω
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:20. A unique, historical, once-for-all manifestation, not a repeatable divine descent — connects to the baseline’s देहधारण/incarnation caution regarding Nepal’s former avatar-monarchy theology.
Word Of God Living And Abiding
Approved rendering: जीवित र अटल वचन
Transliteration: jivit ra atal bachan
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Original: λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων
Category: Scripture
1 Peter 1:23. Ground of new birth; the ‘seed’ metaphor must not be read through a karmic cause-and-effect framework.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: जीवित ढुङ्गा
Transliteration: jivit dhunga
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology
1 Peter 2:4-5, drawing on Isaiah 28:16/Psalm 118:22. Teach with explicit connection to the letter’s ‘living hope’/‘living God’ theme.
Conduct Behavior
Approved rendering: चालचलन
Transliteration: chalchalan
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 2:12, 3:1-2, 3:16. Recurring anchor term; render consistently throughout the whole letter.
Submit Be Subject
Approved rendering: अधीनमा रहनु
Transliteration: adhinma rahanu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 2:13, 2:18, 3:1, 3:22, 5:5. Voluntary, gospel-motivated submission modeled on Christ’s own submission-in-suffering (2:21-24); never a re-endorsement of coercive, caste-based subordination once enforced by the Muluki Ain. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Suffer Suffering
Approved rendering: दुःख भोग्नु / दुःखभोग
Transliteration: dukha bhognu / dukhabhog
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: दुःख (bare, unqualified, as a doctrinal header)
Original: πάσχω / πάθημα
Category: Suffering
The central recurring verb/noun of the letter (2:19-21, 2:23, 3:14, 3:17-18, 4:1, 4:13, 4:15-16, 4:19, 5:1, 5:9-10). Must not be assimilated to a karma-suffering framework or to the Buddhist First-Noble-Truth dukkha frame; always qualify with अन्यायपूर्ण (unjust) or ख्रीष्टको खातिर (for Christ’s sake) at first occurrence.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बप्तिस्मा
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Sacrament
1 Peter 3:21. Established transliteration. The verse’s causal wording (‘baptism now saves you’) requires careful framing — immediately qualified by Peter himself as an appeal to God for a good conscience, not removal of bodily dirt — to avoid a mechanical ritual-efficacy reading, a live risk given Nepali Hindu ritual-purification (shuddhi) practice. Theologian review required.
Judge Living And Dead
Approved rendering: जीवित र मृतकको न्याय
Transliteration: jivit ra mritakko nyaya
Doctrine: Gospel Preached to the Dead and Final Judgment
Original: κρίνω ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 4:5. Linear, historical final-judgment doctrine, not a cyclical karmic reckoning.
Christian Identity
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टियन
Transliteration: Khristiyan
Doctrine: Suffering as Participation in Christ and Reproach for His Name
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Identity
1 Peter 4:16. Publicly self-identifying as ख्रीष्टियन carries real contemporary social and, under the 2017 Muluki Criminal Code’s conversion provisions, potential legal exposure in Nepal. Teach pastorally alongside real contemporary risk, not merely as historical background.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको घराना
Transliteration: Parameshwarko gharana
Doctrine: Judgment Beginning with God’s Household
Original: οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Church
1 Peter 4:17. Distinct from a Hindu joint-family/lineage household governed by caste-linked custom; cross-reference मण्डली and ‘spiritual house’ (2:5).
Creator
Approved rendering: सृष्टिकर्ता
Transliteration: srishtikarta
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Care
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
1 Peter 4:19. Sole, personal, sovereign Creator, distinct from Hindu creator-deities within a pantheon (e.g., Brahma) or an impersonal generative cosmic principle.
Elder
Approved rendering: प्राचीन
Transliteration: pracheen
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: गुरु, पुरोहित
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:1, 5:5. Anchor term for the curriculum doctrine. A functional shepherding office, not a caste-linked or age-based honor position, nor equivalent to a Hindu guru/purohit or village panchayat-elder structure. Recommend supplementing the first occurrence (5:1) with a functional gloss (e.g., ‘मण्डलीका अगुवा’).
Shepherd Oversee
Approved rendering: गोठालोपन गर्नु / निरीक्षण गर्नु
Transliteration: gothalopan garnu / nirikshan garnu
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:25, 5:2. Defines the eldership role; cross-reference 2:25’s ‘shepherd and overseer of your souls.‘
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: प्रधान गोठालो
Transliteration: pradhan gothalo
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
1 Peter 5:4. Christological title distinguishing Christ from human elders, who shepherd under and are accountable to him.
Domineering
Approved rendering: हुकुम चलाउनु / शासन गर्नु
Transliteration: hukum chalaunu / shasan garnu
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 5:3. Deliberate contrast-term to legitimate submission (ὑποτάσσω); elder authority is modeled on example, never domination — a safeguard against caste-style or patriarchal-authoritarian misapplication.
Humility
Approved rendering: नम्रता
Transliteration: namrata
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:8, 5:5-6. Second anchor term for the doctrine. Must be taught as a positive, Christlike, freely chosen virtue for ALL believers including leaders, not enforced lower-caste deference within Nepal’s honor-shame social structures.
Lord Human Honorific
Approved rendering: स्वामी / मालिक
Transliteration: swami / malik
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (dual-usage safeguard)
Rejected alternatives: प्रभु (forbidden for this specific referent)
1 Peter 3:6, Sarah addressing Abraham as κύριος (‘lord/master’). This is a human honorific, NOT the doctrinal, exclusive Lordship title reserved for Christ. Render with स्वामी/मालिक here specifically to preserve प्रभु’s exclusive doctrinal weight elsewhere; a translator note on the wordplay is recommended for advanced study.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1. Distinguish from a generic guru/lama-style spiritual teacher.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:14, closing benediction.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: atmik varadan
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:10. Never वरदान alone; kept distinct from Hindu deity-boon narratives and Newar Tantric siddhi associations.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mandali
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
Original: ἐκκλησία (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Not used verbatim in 1 Peter but underlies ‘spiritual house’ (2:5), ‘household of God’ (4:17), and ‘flock’ (5:2). Never मन्दिर or गुम्बा.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajati
Doctrine: Unity Across Castes as God’s Chosen People (contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:12, 4:3. NOTE: shares its Greek root (ἔθνος) with ‘holy nation’ (2:9, पवित्र जाति) — a same-root, opposite-valence collision requiring an explicit teaching note.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: अविनाशी
Transliteration: avinashi
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance / New Birth
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 1:4, 1:23, 3:4. Describes the inheritance/seed/disposition, not a metaphysical eternal self (ātman); do not conflate with Hindu/Buddhist teaching on an imperishable self.
Unfading
Approved rendering: अक्षय
Transliteration: akshaya
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance / Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμάραντος / ἀμαράντινος
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 1:4, 5:4 (unfading crown). Sanskrit-origin word with active Hindu ritual-festival resonance (अक्षय तृतीया); confirm at each occurrence it functions only as ‘will never fade,’ with no allusion to inexhaustible merit or festival ritual.
Guarded
Approved rendering: पहरा दिइएका
Transliteration: pahara diieka
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: सुरक्षित राखिएका
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:5. Preserves the vivid military-sentry image (φρουρέω) rather than a flatter ‘kept safe’ rendering.
Lust Passion
Approved rendering: अभिलाषा
Transliteration: abhilasha
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: वासना
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
1 Peter 1:14, 2:11, 4:2-3. Contrast category to holiness/sanctified conduct.
Spiritual Milk
Approved rendering: निष्कपट आत्मिक दूध
Transliteration: nishkapat atmik dudh
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 2:2. Scripture as nourishment for the newly born-again; not a ritual-purity food category.
Gods Own Possession
Approved rendering: उहाँका निज जन
Transliteration: unhaka nij jan
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:9.
Conscience
Approved rendering: अन्तस्करण
Transliteration: antaskaran
Doctrine: Submission to Authority / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 2:19, 3:16, 3:21. Standard Nepali Christian ethical-theological term.
Spiritual Powers Authorities
Approved rendering: अधिकारीहरू, शक्तिहरू
Transliteration: adhikariharu, shaktiharu
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:22. शक्ति is PERMITTED here since this refers to created spiritual powers subject to the risen Christ, NOT God’s own saving power (सामर्थ्य, never शक्ति). Mandatory translator note distinguishing the two usages wherever both appear in the same lesson.
Steward
Approved rendering: भण्डारी
Transliteration: bhandari
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
1 Peter 4:10, ‘good stewards of God’s varied grace.‘
Strength Supplied
Approved rendering: बल
Transliteration: bal
Doctrine: Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: सामर्थ्य, शक्ति
Original: ἰσχύς
Category: God
1 Peter 4:11. A distinct Greek word (ἰσχύς) from δύναμις Θεοῦ; render बल (ordinary strength), not सामर्थ्य or शक्ति, to avoid conflating with power-of-God terminology.
Dominion Might
Approved rendering: अधिकार / प्रभुत्व
Transliteration: adhikar / prabhutwa
Doctrine: Doxology and Praise
Original: κράτος
Category: God
1 Peter 4:11, 5:11.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: आगोजस्तो परीक्षा
Transliteration: agojasto pariksha
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 4:12. Reuses परीक्षा (1:6) with the refining-fire imagery of 1:7.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: नम्र र शान्त आत्मा
Transliteration: namra ra shanta atma
Doctrine: Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:4. πνεῦμα here denotes a human disposition, NOT the divine Spirit — must not be confused with पवित्र आत्मा. Must not be taught as endorsing female silencing/passivity as an absolute rule; balance against Sarah’s active-respect example (3:6).
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: कमजोर भाँडो
Transliteration: kamjor bhando
Doctrine: Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:7. Requires gender-sensitivity handling in teaching notes; paired with ‘fellow heirs of the grace of life,’ affirming equal grace-standing.
Anxiety Care
Approved rendering: फिक्री / चिन्ता
Transliteration: phikri / chinta
Doctrine: Providence and God’s Care
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य
Original: μέριμνα
Category: Providence
1 Peter 5:7. Contrasts God’s personal care with fatalistic resignation (भाग्य).
Telos Outcome End
Approved rendering: लक्ष्य/परिणाम (1:9); अन्त्य (4:7)
Transliteration: lakshya/parinam; antya
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection (1:9) / Gospel Preached to the Dead and Final Judgment (4:7)
Original: τέλος
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 1:9 (‘outcome/goal of your faith’) and 4:7 (‘the end of all things’). Both senses are linear and purposive, not a cyclical age-turning (yuga) event; render with sense-specific terms and a cross-reference note.
Kiss Of Greeting
Approved rendering: प्रेमको चुम्बन
Transliteration: premko chumban
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Hospitality
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Culture
1 Peter 5:14. Physical kissing as greeting is not a common Nepali social custom (namaste/handshake-based); recommend a cultural footnote in teaching material rather than altering the translation.
Brotherhood
Approved rendering: भाइबहिनीको सम्बन्ध / भाइचारा
Transliteration: bhaibahiniko sambandha / bhaichara
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Hospitality
Original: ἀδελφότης
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:9. Reinforces global-church solidarity in shared suffering; related to भाइचारा/सहभागिता concepts.
Angels
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: swargadut
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (cross-reference)
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Spiritual Beings
1 Peter 1:12, 3:22. Distinct from Hindu/Buddhist deva or protective-deity categories.
Witness
Approved rendering: साक्षी
Transliteration: sakshi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μάρτυς
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:1, Peter’s self-description as ‘a witness of Christ’s sufferings.‘
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavad
Doctrine: Doxology and Praise
Original: εὐχαριστία (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in 1 Peter’s doxological openings/closings (1:3, 4:11, 5:11).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता
Original: κοινωνία / κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:13, ‘sharing in Christ’s sufferings.’ Carries lived weight given Nepal’s restricted-church history.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित पार्नु
Transliteration: utsahit parnu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:12.
Undefiled
Approved rendering: निष्कलंक
Transliteration: nishkalank
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 1:4. Moral purity, not ritual/ceremonial purity.
Ark
Approved rendering: जहाज
Transliteration: jahaj
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: κιβωτός
Category: Covenant
1 Peter 3:20. Established Nepali Bible term for Noah’s ark.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: महिमाको मुकुट
Transliteration: mahimako mukut
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 5:4.
Babylon Symbolic
Approved rendering: बेबिलोन
Transliteration: Babylon
Doctrine: Doxology and Praise (closing, historical reference)
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: History
1 Peter 5:13. Symbolic code-name for Rome, not the literal Mesopotamian city; requires an explanatory note given the audience’s low OT-narrative literacy.
Vice Lists
Approved rendering: खराबी, छल, कपट, ईर्ष्या, निन्दा (आदि)
Transliteration: kharabi, chhal, kapat, irshya, ninda
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: κακία, δόλος, ὑπόκρισις, φθόνος, καταλαλιά (2:1); ἀσέλγεια, οἰνοφλυγία, κῶμος, πότος (4:3)
Category: Sin
1 Peter 2:1, 4:3 (excluding मूर्तिपूजा, treated separately as Critical). Standard moral vocabulary, low ambiguity risk.
Blessed Doxology
Approved rendering: धन्यको
Transliteration: dhanyako
Doctrine: Doxology and Praise
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: Worship
1 Peter 1:3. Standard doxological Nepali usage opening the core passage.
Referenced passages