Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews — English → Nepali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Hebrews, chapters 1-13. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and their recorded Nepali rendering is repeated here exactly, unchanged, for reference convenience only — the baseline files remain authoritative. All other terms are newly established by this Hebrews analysis and must be added to the shared translation memory before Phase 2 translation begins, per the version-increment procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions exactly: Critical = human theologian review every occurrence; High = human theologian review; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.
A. Baseline Terms Reused in Hebrews (No New Rendering — Reference Only)
| English Term | Greek | Nepali (baseline, exact) | Risk | Key Hebrews Occurrences | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout | never भगवान |
| Lord | κύριος | प्रभु | Critical | 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 8:2,8-11; 12:5-6,14; 13:20 | |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | येशू | Critical | 2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 10:19; 12:2,24; 13:12,20 | |
| Christ | Χριστός | ख्रीष्ट | Critical | 3:6,14; 5:5; 6:1; 9:11,14,24,28; 11:26; 13:8,21 | rendering per AI Translation Requirements transliteration standard |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | परमेश्वरका पुत्र | Critical | 1:2-8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3,28 | Chapter 1’s central Christological claim |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15,29 | never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा |
| Father | πατήρ | पिता | Critical | 1:5; 12:7,9 | |
| faith | πίστις | विश्वास | Critical (baseline) / High | throughout, esp. ch.11 | see new terms ὑπόστασις/ἔλεγχος below for Heb 11:1’s definition |
| grace | χάρις | अनुग्रह | High | 2:9; 4:16; 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25 | never पुण्य/भाग्य |
| salvation | σωτηρία | उद्धार | Critical | 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28; 11:7 | never मुक्ति/मोक्ष/निर्वाण |
| holy | ἅγιος | पवित्र | High | 2:11; 3:1; 6:10; 9:2-3; 10:10,14,19; 13:24 | |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός/ἁγιάζω | पवित्रीकरण | High | 2:11; 9:13; 10:10,14,29; 12:14; 13:12 | |
| covenant | διαθήκη | करार | High | 7:22; 8:6-10; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20 | see New Terms table for the covenant/testament wordplay note (9:16-17) |
| law | νόμος | व्यवस्था | High | 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,28 | |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | पाप | High | 1:3; 2:17; 3:13; 4:15; 9:26,28; 10:2-4,6,8,11-12,17-18,26; 11:25; 12:1,4; 13:11 | |
| glory | δόξα | महिमा | High | 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3; 9:5; 13:21 | |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 6:2; 11:35; 13:20 (implied) | never पुनर्जन्म; also governs Christ’s resurrected/indestructible life (7:16, see ἀκατάλυτος below) |
| called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | बोलाइएका / बोलावट | High | 3:1; 9:15; 11:8 | |
| intercession (general activity) | ἐντυγχάνω-related | मध्यस्थता | Medium | 7:25 | distinct from μεसीτης (mediator, office) — see New Terms |
| David | Δαυίδ | दाऊद | Medium (baseline) | 4:7; 11:32 | |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | इस्राएल | Medium (baseline) | 8:8,10; 11:22 | |
| Moses | Μωϋσῆς | मोशे | Low (per AI reqs transliteration standard) | 3:2-3,5,16; 7:14; 8:5; 9:19; 10:28; 11:23-24; 12:21 | |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | अब्राहाम | Low (per AI reqs transliteration standard) | 2:16; 6:13; 7:1-9; 11:8,17 | |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | धार्मिकता | Critical | 1:9; 5:13; 7:2; 11:7,33; 12:11 | never धर्म |
| Amen | ἀμήν | आमेन | (transliteration standard) | 13:21 |
B. New Terms Established by This Hebrews Analysis
B.1 Priesthood and Mediation
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Priest | ἀρχιερεύς | archiereus | प्रधान पूजाहारी | Critical | 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 10:21 | Shares root with Hindu पुजारी; Nepal’s priestly office is historically caste-bound (Brahmin ritual monopoly). Christ’s high priesthood must be taught as unique, non-hereditary, and once-for-all — directly relevant to the named curriculum doctrine “Christ as the Great High Priest.” |
| Priest (general) | ἱερεύς | hiereus | पूजाहारी | High | 5:6; 7:1,3,11,14-15,17,20-21,23; 8:4; 9:6; 10:11 | Same caste-linked collision as above, lower severity since it denotes the many mortal Levitical priests contrasted with Christ. |
| Levite / Levitical | Λευίτης / Λευιτικός | Leuitēs / Leuitikos | लेवी / लेवीहरूको पुजारीपद | Medium | 7:5,9,11 | Names the tribal priesthood explicitly superseded; ties to curriculum doctrine “Superiority… over… the Levitical Priesthood.” |
| Mediator | μεσίτης | mesitēs | मध्यस्थ | High | 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | Nepal’s dense landscape of ritual intermediaries (पुजारी, लामा, झाँक्री/धामी) risks reducing Christ’s unique, sufficient mediatorship to one more specialist role. |
| Guarantor | ἔγγυος | engyos | जमानीकर्ता | Medium | 7:22 | Modern legal-guarantee term; low collision risk, but must not reduce covenant to bare financial contract. |
| Order of Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ | Melchisedek | मेल्कीसेदेक | Medium | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | Historical figure, transliterated; note required distinguishing from avatar/incarnation concepts — his lack of recorded genealogy pictures a non-hereditary priesthood. |
| Indestructible (life/priesthood) | ἀκατάλυτος | akatalytos | अविनाशी | High | 7:16 | Adjacent to the resurrection doctrine (Critical); must denote singular, permanently secured life, not cyclical continuation. |
| Unchangeable/permanent (priesthood) | ἀπαράβατος | aparabatos | अपरिवर्तनीय | High | 7:24 | Establishes no further priestly succession is needed after Christ. |
B.2 Sacrifice, Blood, and Atonement
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sacrifice | θυσία | thysia | बलिदान | High | 5:1; 7:27; 9:9,23,26; 10:1,5,8,11-12,26; 11:4; 13:15-16 | Nepal’s Gadhimai festival and Dashain observance involve large-scale, mainstream ritual animal sacrifice; Christ’s sacrifice must read as fulfilling and terminating this category, not affirming it. |
| Blood | αἷμα | haima | रगत | High | 9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:4,19,29; 11:28; 12:24; 13:11-12,20 | Same collision as above; every occurrence of “the blood of Christ” must be distinguished from ongoing ritual blood-offering to a deity. |
| To offer (sacrificially) | προσφέρω | prospherō | चढाउनु | Medium | 5:1,3; 8:3-4; 9:7,14,25,28; 10:1-2,8,11-12; 11:4,17 | Ritual-offering verb; risk mitigated by clear object (Christ offering himself). |
| Propitiation / to make atonement | ἱλάσκομαι | hilaskomai | प्रायश्चित्त गर्नु | Critical | 2:17 | Sharpest collision with Hindu bali/puja appeasement paradigm; doctrine requires God as initiator/provider of atonement, not humanity appeasing an angry deity. |
| Mercy seat / place of atonement | ἱλαστήριον | hilastērion | प्रायश्चित्तको स्थान | Critical | 9:5 | Same root/concept as Romans 3:25 (already flagged for mandatory escalation in the baseline AI requirements); record as the shared cross-curriculum rendering. |
| Redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | छुटकारा | Critical | 9:12,15; 11:35 | The natural Nepali word closest to “redemption” is मुक्ति — explicitly and permanently forbidden by the baseline (Hindu मोक्ष collision). Never use मुक्ति here. |
| Once for all | ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ | hapax / ephapax | एकैचोटि (सदाको निम्ति) | High | 6:4; 9:7,26-28; 10:2,10 | Directly opposes cyclical ritual and cyclical-cosmology worldviews (Hindu samsara/yuga, Buddhist rebirth) already flagged elsewhere in the baseline; must be rendered consistently at every occurrence. |
| Without blemish | ἄμωμος | amōmos | निष्खोट / दोषरहित | Medium | 9:14 | Sacrificial-qualification language reapplied to Christ’s moral sinlessness, not ritual qualification alone. |
| Purification / to cleanse | καθαρίζω / καθαρισμός / καθαρότης | katharizō / katharismos / katharotēs | शुद्ध पार्नु / शुद्धिकरण / शुद्धता | High | 1:3; 9:13-14,22-23; 10:2 | Correctly describes the old system’s external, limited cleansing (contrast with the deeper conscience-cleansing Christ accomplishes); requires a translator note distinguishing the two within 9:13-14. |
| To sprinkle | ῥαντίζω | rhantizō | छ्याप्नु / छर्कनु | Low | 9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24 | Standard ritual verb, describing the superseded old system. |
| Sacrifice of praise | θυσία αἰνέσεως | thysia aineseōs | प्रशंसाको बलिदान | Medium | 13:15 | Ensure reads as grateful response, not residual merit-offering. |
| Judgment | κρίσις | krisis | न्याय / इन्साफ | High | 9:27; 10:27 | Must be a single, personal divine verdict, not impersonal karmic law (already explicitly forbidden for baseline’s “providence”). |
| Forgiveness / remission | ἄφεσις | aphesis | पापको क्षमा | Medium | 9:22; 10:18 | Distinguish from baseline’s compound “justification” (धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य, Critical); do not collapse the two. |
| To put away/annul (sin) | ἀθέτησις | athetēsis | पापलाई हटाउन / रद्द गर्न | High | 9:26 | Strong claim of decisive nullification of sin’s guilt/power, not gradual merit-based reduction. |
B.3 Covenant, Access, and Sanctuary
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tabernacle | σκηνή | skēnē | पवित्र वासस्थान | Medium | 8:2,5; 9:1-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10 | Avoids मन्दिर (Hindu temple) for this OT portable structure. |
| Holy Place / Holy of Holies | τὰ ἅγια / Ἅγια Ἁγίων | ta hagia / Hagia Hagiōn | पवित्रस्थान / महापवित्रस्थान | High | 8:2; 9:2-3,8,12,24-25; 10:19; 13:11 | Parallels Nepal’s Hindu temple restricted inner sanctum (गर्भगृह); Hebrews’ argument reverses this restricted-access pattern through Christ. |
| Covenant/testament wordplay | διαθήκη | diathēkē | करार (translator note required) | High | 9:16-17 | करार carries only the “relational bond” sense; the Nepali legal “last will” sense (वसीयत) is not naturally implied — mandatory footnote required explaining the double Greek meaning driving the argument of 9:16-17. |
| Pattern / copy / type | ὑπόδειγμα / τύπος | hypodeigma / typos | नमुना / प्रतिरूप | High | 8:5; 9:23-24 | Must not suggest माया (illusion/unreality, an Advaita Vedanta association); the earthly copy is real and historically significant, only provisional. |
| Antitype / corresponding copy | ἀντίτυπος | antitypos | प्रतिरूप | High | 9:24 | Same maya-caution as above; stresses structural correspondence to the true heavenly reality. |
| Heavenly | ἐπουράνιος | epouranios | स्वर्गीय | Low-Medium | 3:1; 6:4; 8:5; 9:23; 11:16; 12:22 | Standard term. |
| To draw near / approach | προσέρχομαι | proserchomai | नजिक जानु / नजिक आउनु | High | 4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22 | Confronts Nepal’s pattern of mediated, restricted approach to the divine through a ritual specialist; central to “Access to God through Christ’s Blood.” |
| Confidence / boldness | παρρησία | parrēsia | निर्धक्कता | High | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35 | Expresses unashamed, direct access — must not be softened toward merely respectful/tentative approach. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | विवेक | Medium | 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18 | Standard term for the inward moral faculty Christ’s blood cleanses. |
| Mediator | μεسीτης | see B.1 | मध्यस्थ | High | 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | See B.1. |
| Throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος | thronos tēs charitos | अनुग्रहको सिंहासन | High | 4:16 | Avoid resonance with Nepal’s abolished, avatar-linked royal throne concept already flagged in the baseline incarnation entry. |
| Rest (general/Sabbath) | κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός | katapausis / sabbatismos | विश्राम | High | 3:11,18; 4:1,3-11 | Adjacent to the Critical-risk salvation entry; must denote relational fellowship-rest with a personal God, not moksha-style release from cyclical weariness or nirvana-adjacent cessation. |
B.4 Superiority, Perfection, and Christology
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Better / superior | κρείττων | kreittōn | उत्तम | Medium | 1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24 | The thesis-word of the entire book’s comparative argument; consistency across all ~13 occurrences is essential to preserving the sustained case for Christ’s superiority. |
| Angel | ἄγγελος | angelos | स्वर्गदूत | High | 1:4-13; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2 | Risk of conflation with Nepal’s populated pantheon of devas/celestial beings; Hebrews 1’s argument requires angels be clearly created, subordinate beings, not lesser deities. |
| Firstborn | πρωτότοκος | prōtotokos | जेठा | High | 1:6; 12:23 | Literal reading risks implying Christ came into being as first of a series (Arian-adjacent misread), contradicting the Critical baseline Sonship-of-Christ doctrine; denotes supreme rank/heirship, not chronological origin. |
| To perfect / perfection | τελειόω / τέλειος / τελείωσις | teleioō / teleios / teleiōsis | सिद्ध पार्नु / सिद्ध / सिद्धता | High | 2:10; 5:9,14; 6:1; 7:11,19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23; 13:21 | Must not imply Christ was morally imperfect; must not collapse into Hindu/Buddhist self-attainment frameworks (siddha/arhat) for believers’ perfecting, which is Christ’s finished, imputed work, not self-achieved. |
| Founder / pioneer | ἀρχηγός | archēgos | उद्धारका प्रवर्तक / अगुवा | Medium-High | 2:10; 12:2 | Must denote the one who secures the way, not merely an exemplary teacher among others. |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | उत्तराधिकार | Medium | 1:14; 9:15; 11:7-8 | Ties to baseline adoption doctrine (दत्तक पुत्रता, High); avoid caste-linked inheritance-of-status connotations. |
| Promise | ἐπαγγελία | epangelia | प्रतिज्ञा | Medium-High | 4:1; 6:12-17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:36; 11:9,13,17,33,39 | Must be unilateral, God-grounded pledge, not a negotiated exchange resembling a devotional vow-for-boon (व्रत) transaction. |
| Oath | ὅρκος | horkos | कसम / शपथ | Medium | 6:16-17 | Reinforces God’s own character as guarantor, not external cosmic law. |
| Discipline | παιδεία | paideia | अनुशासन | Medium | 12:5-11 | Must read as loving fatherly formation, not karmic retribution for past wrongdoing. |
| Consuming fire | πῦρ καταναλίσκον | pyr katanaliskon | भस्म पार्ने आगो | Medium | 12:29 | Distinguish from Nepal’s fire-offering (यज्ञ/होम) ritual worship of Agni; describes God’s holiness/judgment, not a ritual element. |
| Zion | Σιών | Siōn | सियोन | Low-Medium | 12:22 | Proper name; contrasts with Sinai’s fear-based inaccessibility. |
B.5 Faith, Warning, and Perseverance
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assurance / substance (of faith) | ὑπόστασις | hypostasis | निश्चयता | Critical | 11:1 | Defines faith itself for the whole Bible; must preserve an objective ground of confidence, not mere subjective hopefulness (echoing the baseline’s faith-vs-śraddhā/bhakti distinction). |
| Conviction / evidence (of faith) | ἔλεγχος | elenchos | प्रमाण | Critical | 11:1 | Paired with ὑπόστασις; must convey genuine evidential certainty regarding unseen realities, grounded in God’s character, not blind assumption. |
| To fall away (from God) | ἀφίστημι | aphistēmi | विश्वासबाट तर्कनु / पतन हुनु | High | 3:12 | First explicit apostasy-warning statement; must denote decisive, personal defection from a living God, not gradual loss of momentum toward an impersonal goal. |
| To fall away (decisively) | παραπίπτω | parapiptō | (गम्भीर रूपमा) पतन हुनु | High | 6:6 | Sharpest apostasy statement in the book (“impossible to restore”); severity must not be softened. |
| To sin deliberately | ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω | hekousiōs hamartanō | जानाजान पाप गर्नु | High | 10:26 | Climax of the apostasy-warning thread; connected to “no longer remains a sacrifice for sins.” |
| To shrink back | ὑποστολή / ὑποστέλλω | hypostolē / hypostellō | पछि हट्नु / तर्केर जानु | High | 10:38-39 | Directly relevant to Nepal’s socially/legally costly public Christian identification. |
| Confession | ὁμολογία | homologia | अंगीकार / विश्वासको अंगीकार | Medium | 3:1; 4:14; 10:23 | The public, verbal profession of faith held fast under pressure. |
| Endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | सहनशीलता | Medium | 10:36; 12:1 | Must be active, hope-fueled perseverance, not karmic/fatalistic resignation. |
| Dead works | νεκρὰ ἔργα | nekra erga | मृत कामहरू | Medium | 6:1; 9:14 | Risk of collision with merit-accumulating categories (पुण्य); these works cannot cleanse the conscience regardless of sincerity. |
| To harden (the heart) | σκληρύνω | sklērynō | कठोर पार्नु | Medium | 3:8,13,15 | Standard term; theological weight carried by warning-passage context. |
| Temptation | πειρασμός / πειράζω | peirasmos / peirazō | परीक्षा | Medium | 2:18; 4:15 | Establishes Christ’s genuine, sympathetic humanity. |
| Anchor (of the soul) | ἄγκυρα | ankyra | लंगर / एङ्कर | Low | 6:19 | Vivid but low-collision metaphor; native speaker review sufficient. |
| Devil | διάβολος | diabolos | शैतान | Medium | 2:14 | Distinguish from generic malevolent folk-spirits (भूत-प्रेत); refers to the singular personal adversary defeated by Christ. |
B.6 Church, Ministry, and Closing Themes
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service / worship | λειτουργία / λατρεία / λατρεύω | leitourgia / latreia / latreuō | सेवा / आराधना | High | 9:1,6,9,14,21; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10 | पूजा (the Hindu ritual-offering term) must never be used; disambiguate priestly-duty sense (सेवा) from devotional sense (आराधना) by context. |
| Leaders | ἡγούμενοι | hēgoumenoi | अगुवाहरू | Medium | 13:7,17,24 | Servant-style pastoral leadership within मण्डली, not a hierarchical priestly-caste office. |
| Hospitality | φιλοξενία | philoxenia | अतिथि-सत्कार | Low | 13:2 | Culturally resonant, low risk. |
| Marriage | γάμος | gamos | विवाह | Low | 13:4 | Standard term. |
| Unshakeable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος | basileia asaleutos | नडगमगाउने राज्य | Medium | 12:28 | Reinforces God’s reign is not territorial/dynastic, unlike Nepal’s recently-ended monarchy. |
B.7 Proper Names Newly Established for Hebrews (Add to Shared Cross-Curriculum List)
| English Name | Greek | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jeremiah | Ἰερεμίας | यर्मिया | Low | 8:8-12 (extended quotation) |
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ | मेल्कीसेदेक | Medium | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 |
| Abel | Ἄβελ | हाबिल | Low | 11:4; 12:24 |
| Enoch | Ἑνώχ | हनोक | Low | 11:5 |
| Noah | Νῶε | नोआ | Low | 11:7 |
| Sarah | Σάρρα | सारा | Low | 11:11 |
| Isaac | Ἰσαάκ | इसहाक | Low | 11:17-20 |
| Jacob | Ἰακώβ | याकूब | Low | 11:20-21 |
| Joseph | Ἰωσήφ | योसेफ | Low | 11:21-22 |
| Rahab | Ῥαάβ | राहाब | Low | 11:31 |
| Gideon | Γεδεών | गिदोन | Low | 11:32 |
| Samson | Σαμψών | शिमशोन | Low | 11:32 |
| Samuel | Σαμουήλ | शमूएल | Low | 11:32 |
| Zion | Σιών | सियोन | Low-Medium | 12:22 |
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count of New Terms | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 7 (ἀρχιερεύς, ἱλάσκομαι, ἱλαστήριον, ἀπολύτρωσις/λύτρωσις, ὑπόστασις, ἔλεγχος, and the διαθήκη 9:16-17 wordplay note) | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 26 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 24 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 15 | Automated review |
Cross-reference note for Phase 2: All Critical and High risk terms listed in Section B above must be added to translation_memory.json (version increment required) and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 Hebrews segment is translated, per the load-and-enforce procedure specified in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. The Section A baseline terms require no new entries; they are reused exactly as already recorded.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Hebrews (1:1; 2:9; 3:4; 6:10; 9:14; 11:6; 13:20-21). Never भगवान.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 8:2,8-11; 12:5-6,14; 13:20.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 10:19; 12:2,24; 13:12,20.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Established per the baseline AI Translation Requirements transliteration standard (Christ = ख्रीष्ट) and the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json’s doctrine names (e.g. resurrection_of_christ = ख्रीष्टको पुनरुत्थान). Not a separate keyed entry in the baseline Romans TM but must be formally recorded here since Hebrews uses it as a title-name at high frequency (3:6,14; 5:5; 6:1; 9:11,14,24,28; 11:26; 13:8,21). Must not be reduced to a generic honorific for a religious teacher.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरका पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameshwarka Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुत्र
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:2-8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3,28 — the book’s central Christological claim. Never देवपुत्र.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15,29.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Sonship
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:5; 12:7,9, grounding the fatherly-discipline doctrine.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadharan
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ / Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews 1:3 and 2:14 (‘he himself likewise partook of flesh and blood’). Never अवतार, given the recent royal avatar theology attached to Nepal’s abolished monarchy.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28 (closing word of the core passage); 11:7. Never मुक्ति, मोक्ष, or निर्वाण.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 6:2; 11:35; and underlies Christ’s ‘indestructible life’ (7:16) and closing benediction (13:20). Never पुनर्जन्म.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for explicit Old Testament messianic-promise framing distinct from the name-title ख्रीष्ट (see new term ‘christ’ above).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikata
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:9; 5:13; 7:2; 11:7,33; 12:11. Never धर्म.
High Priest
Approved rendering: प्रधान पूजाहारी
Transliteration: pradhan pujahari
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: पुजारी (unqualified), गुरु
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1,5,10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1,3; 9:7,11,25; 10:21. Shares its root with Hindu पुजारी; Nepal’s priestly office is historically caste-bound (Brahmin ritual monopoly, including the historically exclusive Bhatta Brahmin priesthood at Pashupatinath). Must be taught as unique, non-hereditary, once-for-all, and open to all without ritual-class restriction. Human theologian review required on every occurrence.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्त गर्नु
Transliteration: prayashchitta garnu
Doctrine: Propitiation and the Nature of Atonement
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 2:17. Sharpest collision point with Nepal’s living sacrificial religion (bali at Gadhimai/Dashain, humanly-initiated appeasement). Hebrews’ doctrine is the reverse: God himself, in Christ, provides and accomplishes the atonement. Every occurrence must keep God/Christ as grammatical agent, never the sinner’s ritual performance. Human theologian review required.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: प्रायश्चित्तको स्थान
Transliteration: prayashchittako sthaan
Doctrine: Propitiation and the Nature of Atonement
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:5. Shares the same root concept as Romans 3:25’s ἱλαστήριον, already flagged in the baseline for mandatory escalation. Record as the shared cross-curriculum rendering.
Redemption
Approved rendering: छुटकारा
Transliteration: chhutkara
Doctrine: Redemption through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:12,15; 11:35. मुक्ति is permanently forbidden per the baseline (identity with Hindu मोक्ष); छुटकारा must be used with zero exceptions, even in surrounding explanatory prose.
Assurance Substance Of Faith
Approved rendering: निश्चयता
Transliteration: nishchayata
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: दृढता, अटल विश्वास (as substitutes at 11:1)
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
New for Hebrews. Occurs 11:1, the definitional verse of faith for the whole Bible. Must preserve an objective ground of confidence, not mere subjective hopefulness — echoing the baseline’s faith-vs-श्रद्धा/भक्ति distinction. Requires the heaviest surrounding doctrinal explanation of any single term in this letter. Human theologian review required.
Conviction Evidence Of Faith
Approved rendering: प्रमाण
Transliteration: pramaan
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
New for Hebrews. Occurs 11:1, paired with निश्चयता. Must convey genuine evidential certainty regarding unseen realities, grounded in God’s character, not blind assumption. Human theologian review required.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Critical/High). Receives its most extensive sustained development in Hebrews 11 (used over 20 times). Must remain distinguished from श्रद्धा/भक्ति; see new Critical terms hypostasis/elenchos below defining this faith at 11:1.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: पुण्य, भाग्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 2:9; 4:16; 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25. Never पुण्य or भाग्य.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 2:11; 3:1; 6:10; 9:2-3; 10:10,14,19; 13:24.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: सन्त, साधु
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 6:10 (‘ministered to the saints’), 13:24 (‘holy ones’). Never सन्त/साधु — Nepal’s sadhu/renunciate ideal remains visibly honored at national shrines.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 2:11; 9:13; 10:10,14,29; 12:14; 13:12. Hebrews grounds this in Christ’s single, finished sacrifice, not gradual self-directed ritual purification.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavastha
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4,10; 9:19,22; 10:1,8,28. Never धर्म.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: अकुशल कर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs pervasively: 1:3; 2:17; 3:13; 4:15; 9:26,28; 10:2-4,6,8,11-12,17-18,26; 11:25; 12:1,4; 13:11. Never अकुशल कर्म.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3; 9:5; 13:21.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: सम्झौता
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 7:22; 8:6-10; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20. See separate ‘covenant_testament_wordplay’ entry below for the 9:16-17 double-meaning risk unique to Hebrews.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको छनोट
Transliteration: Parameshwarko chhanot
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the calling/election-adjacent language of Hebrews 3:1; 9:15; 11:8.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको व्यवस्थापन
Transliteration: Parameshwarko vyavasthapan
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness through Promise and Oath
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्मको नियम
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforces the promise-and-oath doctrine of Hebrews 6:13-18; never भाग्य or कर्मको नियम.
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews 4:2,6 (‘we have had good news preached to us’).
Priest
Approved rendering: पूजाहारी
Transliteration: pujahari
Doctrine: Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: पुरोहित, लामा, धामी/झाँक्री
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 5:6; 7:1,3,11,14-15,17,20-21,23; 8:4; 9:6; 10:11. Same caste-linked collision as प्रधान पूजाहारी, lower severity since it denotes the many mortal, replaced Levitical priests. Never पुरोहित/लामा/धामी-झाँक्री.
Mediator
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थ
Transliteration: madhyastha
Doctrine: Covenant Mediation
Rejected alternatives: पुजारी, लामा, धामी/झाँक्री, दलाल
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 8:6; 9:15; 12:24. Nepal’s dense landscape of ritual intermediaries (पुजारी/पुरोहित, लामा, झाँक्री/धामी) risks reducing Christ’s unique, sufficient mediatorship to one more specialist role. Always pair with once-for-all/no-further-mediator qualifying language. Never दलाल (commission-broker connotation).
Indestructible Life
Approved rendering: अविनाशी
Transliteration: avinashi
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀκατάλυτος
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 7:16. Adjacent to Critical resurrection doctrine; must denote Christ’s singular, permanently secured resurrected life, not a cyclical continuation through repeated death-and-rebirth.
Unchangeable Priesthood
Approved rendering: अपरिवर्तनीय
Transliteration: aparivartaniya
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀπαράβατος
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 7:24. Establishes, jointly with अविनाशी, that no further priestly succession is needed after Christ.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: बलिदान
Transliteration: balidaan
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: बलि (bare), यज्ञ, होम
Original: θυσία
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 5:1; 7:27; 9:9,23,26; 10:1,5,8,11-12,26; 11:4; 13:15-16. Nepal’s Gadhimai festival and Dashain’s household sacrifice make बलिदान a living, mainstream ritual category. Every application to Christ must read as fulfilling and terminating this category — always pair with ‘once for all’ (एकैचोटि) at relevant occurrences.
Blood
Approved rendering: रगत
Transliteration: ragat
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:4,19,29; 11:28; 12:24; 13:11-12,20. Given Nepal’s living ritual animal blood sacrifice traditions, ‘the blood of Christ’ must always read as unique, unrepeatable, once-for-all — never one more instance of ongoing blood-offering.
Once For All
Approved rendering: एकैचोटि (सदाको निम्ति)
Transliteration: ekaichoti (sadako nimti)
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ / ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 6:4; 9:7,26-28; 10:2,10; also 9:12 (core passage). The argument-word of Hebrews 9-10; directly opposes cyclical ritual/cosmology frameworks (samsara/yuga, rebirth). Must never soften to ‘again and again but finally’ language; render identically at every occurrence.
Purification
Approved rendering: शुद्ध पार्नु / शुद्धिकरण / शुद्धता
Transliteration: shuddha parnu / shuddhikaran / shuddhata
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Sanctification
Original: καθαρίζω / καθαρισμός / καθαρότης
Category: Sanctification
New for Hebrews. Occurs 1:3; 9:13-14,22-23; 10:2. Correctly describes the old system’s external, limited cleansing — this ceremonial-purity sense is deliberate here, unlike पवित्र (holy), which must never be rendered शुद्ध. A translator note is required at 9:13-14 distinguishing this external ritual purity from the cleansed conscience of v.14.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय / इन्साफ
Transliteration: nyaya / insaf
Doctrine: Judgment and Eschatology
Rejected alternatives: कर्मको नियम
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:27; 10:27. Must be a single, personal divine verdict following a single death, directly rebutting rebirth-cycle worldviews. Never कर्मको नियम, already forbidden in the baseline for ‘providence.‘
To Put Away Sin
Approved rendering: पापलाई हटाउन / रद्द गर्न
Transliteration: paapalai hataauna / raddha garna
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀθέτησις
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:26. A strong doctrinal claim — sin’s guilt and power are decisively nullified, not managed through repeated ritual or worked off through accumulated merit.
Holy Place
Approved rendering: पवित्रस्थान / महापवित्रस्थान
Transliteration: pavitrasthaan / mahaapavitrasthaan
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια / Ἅγια Ἁγίων
Category: Sanctuary
New for Hebrews. Occurs 8:2; 9:2-3,8,12,24-25; 10:19; 13:11. Parallels Nepal’s Hindu temple restricted inner sanctum (गर्भगृह); Hebrews’ argument is that Christ has torn down exactly this kind of graduated, priest-mediated access structure. Recommend an introductory gloss at first occurrence clarifying this refers to the historical Israelite tabernacle structure.
Veil
Approved rendering: पर्दा
Transliteration: parda
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:3,8 (the curtain separating the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place) and 10:19-20 (‘the veil, that is, his flesh’). Central to the torn-curtain argument reversing Nepal’s restricted-sanctum (गर्भगृह-parallel) pattern. High risk given its load-bearing role in the Access doctrine; must be rendered consistently across both occurrences.
Covenant Testament Wordplay
Approved rendering: करार (translator note required)
Transliteration: karar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: वसीयत (as a general substitute for करार)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:16-17. करार carries only the covenant/relational-bond sense in established Nepali Bible usage; it does not naturally carry the Greek διαθήκη’s secondary ‘legal will, effective upon death’ sense. वसीयत (Nepali legal ‘will’) may appear only inside a mandatory explanatory footnote, never as a general covenant substitute. This is a true vocabulary gap, not a crowded neighborhood.
Pattern Copy Type
Approved rendering: नमुना / प्रतिरूप
Transliteration: namuna / pratirup
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: माया
Original: ὑπόδειγμα / τύπος
Category: Sanctuary
New for Hebrews. Occurs 8:5; 9:23-24. Must not suggest माया (illusion/unreality, an Advaita Vedanta association); the earthly copy is real and historically significant, only provisional.
Antitype
Approved rendering: प्रतिरूप
Transliteration: pratirup
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: माया, छाया (alone)
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sanctuary
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:24. Same माया-caution as नमुना/प्रतिरूप above; stresses structural correspondence to the true heavenly original, not mere shadow-insubstantiality.
To Draw Near
Approved rendering: नजिक जानु / नजिक आउनु
Transliteration: najik jaanu / najik aaunu
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Access
New for Hebrews. Occurs 4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:18,22. Confronts Nepal’s living pattern of mediated, restricted approach to the divine through a ritual specialist. Consistent rendering across all occurrences required for the doctrine to be felt as a sustained argument.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: निर्धक्कता
Transliteration: nirdhakkata
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Access
New for Hebrews. Occurs 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35. Must not be softened toward tentative or merely respectful approach; expresses direct, unashamed access.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रहको सिंहासन
Transliteration: anugrahako simhasan
Doctrine: Grace / Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Access
New for Hebrews. Occurs 4:16. Combines baseline अनुग्रह with सिंहासन (royal throne); must avoid echoing Nepal’s abolished, avatar-linked royal throne concept.
Rest
Approved rendering: विश्राम
Transliteration: vishram
Doctrine: The Rest of God
Original: κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός
Category: Salvation
New for Hebrews. Occurs 3:11,18; 4:1,3-11. Adjacent to the Critical salvation entry; must denote relational Sabbath-fellowship with a personal God, not moksha-style release from samsara or nirvana-adjacent cessation of self.
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: swargadoot
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: देव
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
New for Hebrews. Occurs 1:4-13; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 12:22; 13:2. Nepal’s religious environment includes a rich populated pantheon of devas/celestial beings; require explicit ‘created being’ framing at every Hebrews 1 occurrence so Christ is not read as merely the greatest among many.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: जेठा
Transliteration: jetha
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
New for Hebrews. Occurs 1:6; 12:23. A literal reading risks implying Christ came into being as first of a series (Arian-adjacent misread); a translator/teaching note is required at every occurrence clarifying supreme rank/heirship, not chronological origin.
To Perfect
Approved rendering: सिद्ध पार्नु / सिद्ध / सिद्धता
Transliteration: siddha parnu / siddha / siddhata
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: τελειόω / τέλειος / τελείωσις
Category: Sanctification
New for Hebrews. Occurs 2:10; 5:9,14; 6:1; 7:11,19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23; 13:21. Must never imply Christ was morally imperfect; must not collapse believers’ perfecting into self-achieved attainment frameworks (Hindu siddha, Buddhist arhat) — it is Christ’s finished, imputed accomplishment.
Founder Pioneer
Approved rendering: उद्धारका प्रवर्तक / अगुवा
Transliteration: uddharaka pravartak / aguwa
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Salvation
New for Hebrews. Occurs 2:10; 12:2. Reuses baseline उद्धार as its root; must not read as merely one exemplary teacher/guru among others, but the unique one who secures the way through his own suffering and death. Newest, least-tested compound in the glossary — monitor closely in Phase 2 back-translation.
Promise
Approved rendering: प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: pratigya
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness through Promise and Oath
Rejected alternatives: व्रत
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
New for Hebrews. Occurs 4:1; 6:12-17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:36; 11:9,13,17,33,39. Must be a unilateral, God-grounded pledge, never व्रत (a devotional vow-for-boon exchange made BY the worshipper — the reverse direction).
Consummation Of Ages
Approved rendering: युगहरूको पूर्णता / अन्तिम कालमा
Transliteration: yugharuko purnata / antim kaalma
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:26. Places Christ’s sacrifice at history’s decisive, linear hinge-point, opposing cyclical yuga/kalpa cosmology. Avoid uncritical युग-based phrasing; recommend a clarifying phrase (‘history’s decisive, unrepeatable turning point’) in teaching notes.
To Fall Away
Approved rendering: विश्वासबाट तर्कनु / पतन हुनु
Transliteration: vishwasbaata tarkanu / patan hunu
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy
New for Hebrews. Occurs 3:12, the book’s first explicit apostasy-warning statement. Must convey decisive, willful defection from a personal, living God, not a gradual loss of momentum within a rebirth-cycle worldview.
To Fall Away Decisively
Approved rendering: (गम्भीर रूपमा) पतन हुनु
Transliteration: (gambhir rupma) patan hunu
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
New for Hebrews. Occurs 6:6, the sharpest apostasy statement in the book (‘impossible to restore’). Severity must not be softened for pastoral comfort; keep cross-referenced to the hope of 6:9-12.
To Sin Deliberately
Approved rendering: जानाजान पाप गर्नु
Transliteration: janajan paap garnu
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Apostasy
New for Hebrews. Occurs 10:26. Climax of the apostasy-warning thread, connected to ‘no longer remains a sacrifice for sins’; must not be softened into a general statement about occasional moral failure.
To Shrink Back
Approved rendering: पछि हट्नु / तर्केर जानु
Transliteration: pachi hatnu / tarker jaanu
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ὑποστολή / ὑποστέλλω
Category: Apostasy
New for Hebrews. Occurs 10:38-39. Carries live, present-day social and legal weight given Nepal’s 2017 Muluki Criminal Code conversion-restriction provisions; do not add euphemistic softening.
Service Worship
Approved rendering: सेवा / आराधना
Transliteration: seva / aaraadhana
Doctrine: True Worship and Service to God
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: λειτουργία / λατρεία / λατρεύω
Category: Worship
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:1,6,9,14,21; 10:2; 12:28; 13:10. पूजा must never be used; सेवा for the priestly-duty sense, आराधना for the devotional sense, disambiguated by context.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mandali
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 2:12 (quoting Ps. 22) and 12:23 (‘assembly of the firstborn’). Never मन्दिर or गुम्बा.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको राज्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko Rajya
Doctrine: The Eternal, Unshakeable Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews 12:28’s ‘unshakeable kingdom’ (see new term unshakeable_kingdom below). Not a territorial or dynastic kingdom, unlike Nepal’s recently-ended, avatar-linked monarchy.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthata
Doctrine: Covenant Mediation
Original: ἐντυγχάνω (related)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 7:25 (‘he always lives to make intercession’). Distinct from मध्यस्थ (mediator, the office — see new term below), which is High risk; this term denotes the ongoing activity.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 4:7; 11:32.
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 8:8,10; 11:22.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 7:2 (‘king of Salem, king of peace’), 12:14 (‘strive for peace with everyone’), 13:20 (‘God of peace’).
Levite
Approved rendering: लेवी / लेवीहरूको पुजारीपद
Transliteration: Levi / Leviharuko pujaripad
Doctrine: Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: Λευίτης / Λευιτικός
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 7:5,9,11. लेवी also serves as the established Nepali Bible book-name for Leviticus; context disambiguates.
Guarantor
Approved rendering: जमानीकर्ता
Transliteration: jamanikarta
Doctrine: Covenant Mediation
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
New for Hebrews. Occurs 7:22 (‘Jesus is the guarantor of a better covenant’). Standard modern Nepali legal term; ensure covenant is not reduced to bare financial contract.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: मेल्कीसेदेक
Transliteration: Melkisedek
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek and Non-Hereditary Priesthood
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17. Transliterate consistently. Teaching note required: a historical human king-priest whose lack of recorded genealogy typologically pictures a non-hereditary priesthood; never read as a divine incarnation/avatar figure.
To Offer
Approved rendering: चढाउनु
Transliteration: chadhaunu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 5:1,3; 8:3-4; 9:7,14,25,28; 10:1-2,8,11-12; 11:4,17. Risk moderated because the object (Christ offering himself) is doctrinally unmistakable in context.
Many Times
Approved rendering: धेरैचोटि
Transliteration: dherai choti
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:25-26 (πολλάκις), the direct antonym-pairing of एकैचोटि. Consistency with once_for_all’s rendering across the book is essential to the chapter’s central contrast.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: निष्खोट / दोषरहित
Transliteration: nishkhot / dosharahit
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:14. Must not imply Christ merely met a ritual qualification like a sacrificial animal; denotes moral sinlessness, ending the category of animal qualification.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: प्रशंसाको बलिदान
Transliteration: prashansako balidaan
Doctrine: True Worship and Service to God
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Worship
New for Hebrews. Occurs 13:15. Must read as grateful response to a finished atonement, not a residual works-merit offering.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: पापको क्षमा
Transliteration: papko kshama
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:22; 10:18. Distinguish from baseline’s compound ‘justification’ (धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य, Critical); do not collapse the two.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: पवित्र वासस्थान
Transliteration: pavitra vaasasthaan
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर
Original: σκηνή
Category: Sanctuary
New for Hebrews. Occurs 8:2,5; 9:1-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10. Avoids मन्दिर (Hindu temple) while conveying a portable sanctuary distinct from a fixed shrine.
Conscience
Approved rendering: विवेक
Transliteration: vivek
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Sanctification
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18. Avoid pairing with language suggesting karmic self-purification through disciplined practice.
Better Superior
Approved rendering: उत्तम
Transliteration: uttam
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels, Moses, and the Levitical Priesthood
Original: κρείττων
Category: Christology
New for Hebrews. Occurs approx. 13 times (1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24) — the thesis-word of the entire book. Cross-book consistency is essential; every occurrence must use the same Nepali term.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: उत्तराधिकार
Transliteration: uttaraadhikaar
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New for Hebrews. Occurs 1:14; 9:15; 11:7-8. Ties to baseline adoption doctrine (दत्तक पुत्रता); avoid caste-linked inheritance-of-status connotations.
Oath
Approved rendering: कसम / शपथ
Transliteration: kasam / shapath
Doctrine: God’s Faithfulness through Promise and Oath
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
New for Hebrews. Occurs 6:16-17. Reinforces God’s own unchanging character as guarantor, not external cosmic law.
Discipline
Approved rendering: अनुशासन
Transliteration: anushasan
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Sonship
Original: παιδεία
Category: Sanctification
New for Hebrews. Occurs 12:5-11. Must read as purposeful, loving fatherly formation, not कर्मको फल (karmic retribution for past wrongdoing).
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: भस्म पार्ने आगो
Transliteration: bhasma paarne aago
Doctrine: Judgment and Eschatology
Rejected alternatives: यज्ञ, होम, अग्नि
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: God
New for Hebrews. Occurs 12:29 (quoting Deut. 4:24). Distinguish from Nepal’s fire-offering worship (यज्ञ/होम) to Agni; describes God’s holiness/judgment, not a ritual fire-element.
Zion
Approved rendering: सियोन
Transliteration: Siyon
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: Σιών
Category: Covenant
New for Hebrews. Occurs 12:22. Contrasts with Mount Sinai’s fear-based inaccessibility, reinforcing the Access doctrine pictorially.
Confession
Approved rendering: अंगीकार / विश्वासको अंगीकार
Transliteration: angikaar / vishwasko angikaar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
New for Hebrews. Occurs 3:1; 4:14; 10:23. The public, verbal profession of faith held fast under pressure — relevant given Nepal’s history of socially costly public Christian identification.
Endurance
Approved rendering: सहनशीलता
Transliteration: sahanshilata
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
New for Hebrews. Occurs 10:36; 12:1. Must be active, hope-fueled perseverance grounded in God’s oath-secured character, not stoic or karmic resignation; anchor consistently to its object (the certain future promise).
Dead Works
Approved rendering: मृत कामहरू
Transliteration: mrit kaamharu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Sin
New for Hebrews. Occurs 6:1; 9:14. Risk of collision with merit-accumulating categories (पुण्य); these works cannot cleanse the conscience regardless of sincerity.
To Harden Heart
Approved rendering: कठोर पार्नु
Transliteration: kathor parnu
Doctrine: The Rest of God
Original: σκληρύνω
Category: Apostasy
New for Hebrews. Occurs 3:8,13,15 (quoting Ps. 95).
Temptation
Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: pariksha
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Christology
New for Hebrews. Occurs 2:18; 4:15. Establishes Christ’s genuine, sympathetic humanity.
Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: shaitaan
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New for Hebrews. Occurs 2:14. Distinguish from generic malevolent folk-spirits (भूत-प्रेत); refers to the singular personal adversary defeated by Christ’s death.
Leaders
Approved rendering: अगुवाहरू
Transliteration: aguwaharu
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Church
New for Hebrews. Occurs 13:7,17,24. Must read as accountable, servant-style pastoral leadership, not a hierarchical priestly-caste office.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: नडगमगाउने राज्य
Transliteration: nadagamgaune rajya
Doctrine: The Eternal, Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Kingdom
New for Hebrews. Occurs 12:28. Reinforces God’s reign is not territorial/dynastic, unlike Nepal’s recently-ended, avatar-linked monarchy.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको वचन
Transliteration: Parameshwarko vachan
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
New for Hebrews. Occurs 4:12 (‘the word of God is living and active’). Distinct from Hindu shruti and Buddhist sutra tradition; God’s own living, active, personal communication through human writers.
Obedience
Approved rendering: आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: agyakaarita
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
New for Hebrews. Occurs 5:8 (‘he learned obedience through what he suffered’). Related to, but distinct from, the baseline’s compound विश्वासको आज्ञाकारिता; here describes Christ’s own submissive obedience through suffering.
To Bear Sins
Approved rendering: पापहरू बहन गर्नु / लिनु
Transliteration: paapharu bahan garnu / linu
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:28 (ἀνενέγκας, ‘having borne the sins of many’). Sin-bearing substitution language; pairs with the propitiation and mercy-seat entries.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: अगमवक्ता
Transliteration: agamavakta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 1:1 (‘God spoke to our fathers by the prophets’).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: अगमवाणी
Transliteration: agamavani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to the extended Jeremiah 31 quotation at Hebrews 8:8-12.
Moses
Approved rendering: मोशे
Transliteration: Moshe
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
Established per the baseline AI Translation Requirements transliteration standard (Moses = मोशे). Not previously a keyed baseline TM entry; formally recorded here given Hebrews 3, 7-12’s extensive comparative use (3:2-3,5,16; 7:14; 8:5; 9:19; 10:28; 11:23-24; 12:21).
Abraham
Approved rendering: अब्राहाम
Transliteration: Abraham
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
Established per the baseline AI Translation Requirements transliteration standard. Occurs Hebrews 2:16; 6:13; 7:1-9; 11:8,17.
Amen
Approved rendering: आमेन
Transliteration: aamen
Doctrine: N/A (liturgical)
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Liturgical
Established per the baseline AI Translation Requirements transliteration standard. Occurs Hebrews 13:21, closing the benediction.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित पार्नु
Transliteration: utsahit parnu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Hebrews 3:13 (‘exhort one another daily’); 10:25 (‘encouraging one another’).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhagita
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Hebrews 10:24-25 (‘not neglecting to meet together’) and 13:16 (‘do not neglect to do good and to share’).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually related to Hebrews 13:15’s ‘sacrifice of praise’ (see new term sacrifice_of_praise below), though the specific phrase requires its own entry.
To Sprinkle
Approved rendering: छ्याप्नु / छर्कनु
Transliteration: chhyapnu / chharkanu
Doctrine: Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ῥαντίζω
Category: Atonement
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24. Standard descriptive verb for the superseded old system.
Heavenly
Approved rendering: स्वर्गीय
Transliteration: swargiya
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ἐπουράνιος
Category: Sanctuary
New for Hebrews. Occurs 3:1; 6:4; 8:5; 9:23; 11:16; 12:22.
Anchor
Approved rendering: लंगर / एङ्कर
Transliteration: langar / enkar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα
Category: Perseverance
New for Hebrews. Occurs 6:19. Vivid, low-collision nautical metaphor; may need brief explanatory framing for landlocked Nepal.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: अतिथि-सत्कार
Transliteration: atithi-satkaar
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Conduct
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Church
New for Hebrews. Occurs 13:2. Culturally resonant, low-risk term given hospitality’s high value in Nepali society.
Marriage
Approved rendering: विवाह
Transliteration: vivaha
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Conduct
Original: γάμος
Category: Church
New for Hebrews. Occurs 13:4.
Milk Solid Food
Approved rendering: दूध / खाना
Transliteration: dudh / khaana
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: γάλα / βρῶμα
Category: Faith
New for Hebrews. Occurs 5:12-14. Minor pedagogical maturity metaphor; no significant syncretism risk.
Race
Approved rendering: दौड
Transliteration: daud
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: δρόμος / ἀγών
Category: Perseverance
New for Hebrews. Occurs 12:1. Standard athletic metaphor.
Not Made By Hand
Approved rendering: मानिसको हातले नबनाइएको
Transliteration: maanisko haatle nabanaieko
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:11,24. Standard descriptive phrase contrasting the heavenly sanctuary with any humanly constructed shrine, relevant given Nepal’s culture of hand-built temple shrines and images.
Book Scroll
Approved rendering: पुस्तक / ग्रन्थ
Transliteration: pustak / granth
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:19, referring to the covenant document sprinkled with blood at Sinai.
Foundation Of World
Approved rendering: संसारको उत्पत्तिदेखि
Transliteration: sansaarko utpattidekhi
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:26.
Eagerly Awaiting
Approved rendering: आशासाथ पर्खिरहेकाहरू
Transliteration: aashaasaath parkhirahekaaharu
Doctrine: Judgment and Eschatology
New for Hebrews. Occurs 9:28, describing believers awaiting Christ’s second appearing. Reinforces hope-adjacent expectancy without collision risk.
Jeremiah
Approved rendering: यर्मिया
Transliteration: Yarmiya
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰερεμίας
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews, added to the shared cross-curriculum proper-name list. Occurs 8:8-12 (extended quotation of Jer. 31:31-34).
Abel
Approved rendering: हाबिल
Transliteration: Haabil
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἄβελ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:4; 12:24.
Enoch
Approved rendering: हनोक
Transliteration: Hanok
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:5.
Noah
Approved rendering: नोआ
Transliteration: Noa
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Νῶε
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:7.
Sarah
Approved rendering: सारा
Transliteration: Sara
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Σάρρα
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:11.
Isaac
Approved rendering: इसहाक
Transliteration: Isahaak
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰσαάκ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:17-20.
Jacob
Approved rendering: याकूब
Transliteration: Yaakub
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰακώβ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:20-21.
Joseph
Approved rendering: योसेफ
Transliteration: Yosef
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἰωσήφ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:21-22.
Rahab
Approved rendering: राहाब
Transliteration: Raahaab
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ῥαάβ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:31.
Gideon
Approved rendering: गिदोन
Transliteration: Gidon
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Γεδεών
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:32.
Samson
Approved rendering: शिमशोन
Transliteration: Shimshon
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Σαμψών
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:32.
Samuel
Approved rendering: शमूएल
Transliteration: Shamuel
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Σαμουήλ
Category: Proper Names
New proper name for Hebrews. Occurs 11:32.
Referenced passages