Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter
1. Scripture & Inspiration Terms (ch. 1, core passage)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scripture | γραφή (graphē) | पवित्रशास्त्र | NEW (established via baseline doctrine registry naming) | High | Reliability & Inspiration of Scripture | 1:20 | Distinguish from śruti (Hindu “heard” sacred texts) and Buddhist sūtra tradition; a closed, divinely-authored corpus. |
| Prophecy | προφητεία (prophēteia) | अगमवाणी | BASELINE | Low (High in context) | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:19, 1:20, 1:21, 3:2 | Baseline Low tier; embedded doctrinal claim in 1:20-21 elevates practical risk. |
| Prophet(ic word) | προφητικός λόγος (prophētikos logos) | अगमवाणीको वचन | BASELINE root + new compound | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Inspiration | 1:19 | Reuse अगमवाणी exactly. |
| Moved/carried along | φερόμενοι (pheromenoi) | पवित्र आत्माद्वारा डोऱ्याइएका | NEW | Critical | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21 | Must be distinguished from jhākri shamanic trance/spirit-possession; human authorial mind stays fully active. |
| Men spoke | ἐλάλησαν ἄνθρωποι | मानिसहरूले बोले | NEW | Medium | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:21 | Preserves human agency alongside divine origination. |
| Private interpretation | ἰδία ἐπίλυσις (idia epilysis) | आफ्नै व्याख्या | NEW | Medium-High | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:20 | Refers to the SOURCE of prophecy, not a ban on personal Bible reading. |
| Fables/myths | μῦθος (mythos) | मनगढन्ते कथा | NEW | High | Reliability of Scripture | 1:16 | Never use पुराण-रोoted terms (Hindu sacred-narrative corpus). |
| Eyewitnesses | ἐπόπται (epoptai) | प्रत्यक्षदर्शी | NEW | High | Reliability of Scripture | 1:16 | Grounds gospel in verifiable history vs. legend. |
| Hard to understand | δυσνόητα (dysnoēta) | बुझ्न कठिन | NEW | Low-Medium | Reliability/right handling of Scripture | 3:16 | Paired with warning against twisting Scripture. |
2. Growing in Christian Virtue Terms (ch. 1, 3)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtue/excellence | ἀρετή (aretē) | सद्गुण | NEW | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1:3, 1:5 | गुण alone risks Sāṅkhya/Vedānta triguna (sattva-rajas-tamas) associations; सद् qualifier required. |
| Knowledge (full/precise) | ἐπίγνωσις (epignōsis) | ख्रीष्टको पूर्ण ज्ञान / परमेश्वरको चिनजान | NEW | Critical | Divine Nature; Growing in Virtue | 1:2, 1:3, 1:8, 2:20, 2:21 | Never bare ज्ञान without object; distinguish from jñāna-mārga and prajñā-enlightenment. |
| Knowledge (general) | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | ज्ञान (with gloss) | NEW | Critical | Growing in Virtue | 1:5-6, 3:18 | Same collision as ἐπίγνωσις; always contextualized. |
| Self-control | ἐγκράτεια (egkrateia) | आत्मसंयम | NEW | Medium | Growing in Virtue | 1:6 | Distinguish Spirit-enabled self-control from yogic tapasyā self-discipline. |
| Perseverance/endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | सहनशीलता | NEW | Medium | Growing in Virtue | 1:6 | Human endurance; distinguish from μακροθυμία (God’s patience, ch. 3). |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | ईश्वरभक्ति | NEW | High | Growing in Virtue | 1:3, 1:6, 1:7, 3:11 | भक्ति risk (bhakti-mārga) retained deliberately since εὐσέβεια ≠ πίστις; mandatory teaching note required. Never a धर्म-rooted compound. |
| Brotherly kindness | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | भाइचारा / भ्रातृ-प्रेम | NEW | Low-Medium | Growing in Virtue | 1:7 | Low collision. |
| Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | प्रेम | NEW | Low-Medium | Growing in Virtue | 1:7 | Distinguish from माया (ordinary affection) and रति (romantic love). |
| Diligence/effort | σπουδή (spoudē) | तत्परता / लगनशीलता | NEW | Medium | Growing in Virtue | 1:5 | Response to grace, not merit-generating effort. |
| Growth | αὐξάνω (auxanō) | वृद्धि हुनु | NEW (baseline-consistent) | Medium | Growing in Virtue | 3:18 | Consistent with baseline’s आपसी वृद्धि (mutual edification). |
| Calling and election | κλῆσις καὶ ἐκλογή | बोलावट, परमेश्वरको छनोट | BASELINE | High | Divine Calling / Election | 1:10 | Reuse exactly. |
3. False Teachers and Their Judgment Terms (ch. 2)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| False teachers | ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι (pseudodidaskaloi) | झूटा शिक्षकहरू | NEW | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1 | Frame as internal doctrinal discernment; avoid language readable as inciting communal conflict, given Nepal’s 2017 Muluki Criminal Code conversion provisions. |
| Destructive heresies | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας (haireseis apōleias) | विनाशकारी शिक्षा/मत | NEW | Medium-High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2:1 | Avoid पाखण्ड (loaded historic-polemic term). |
| Master (owner) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | मालिक | NEW | Medium | Lordship of Christ (distinct nuance) | 2:1 | Distinct from प्रभु (κύριος); emphasizes ownership by purchase. |
| Bought/purchased | ἀγοράζω (agorasanta) | किन्नुभएको / उद्धार गर्नुभएको | NEW | Low-Medium | Redemption | 2:1 | Echoes उद्धार. |
| Ungodly/ungodliness | ἀσέβεια/ἀσεβής (asebeia/asebēs) | ईश्वरविहीन / अभक्त | NEW | Medium | False Teachers; Judgment | 2:5, 2:6 | Avoid धर्म-rooted compounds (अधर्मी discouraged). |
| Cast into Tartarus | ταρταρώσας (tartarōsas) | अन्धकारको बन्दीगृह (avoid bare नरक) | NEW | Critical | Final Judgment | 2:4 | नरक risks Hindu/Buddhist cyclical-purgatory associations; require descriptive rendering or mandatory gloss. |
| Flood | κατακλυσμός (kataklysmos) | जलप्रलय | NEW | Low-Medium | Historical judgment type | 2:5 | Note प्रलय’s cyclical Hindu cosmology association; context here is a single historical event. |
| Judgment/destruction (sentence) | κρίμα / κατακρίνω | न्याय / दण्डको फैसला | NEW | Medium | False Teachers’ Judgment | 2:3, 2:6 | Standard forensic-judgment vocabulary. |
| Unstable/unsettled | ἀστήρικτος (astēriktos) | अस्थिर | NEW | Low-Medium | False Teachers’ effect | 2:14, 3:16 | Consistent across both occurrences. |
| Angels who sinned | ἄγγελοι ἁμαρτήσαντες | पाप गर्ने स्वर्गदूतहरू | NEW | Medium | Judgment of fallen angels | 2:4 | स्वर्ग(heaven) here ≠ Hindu svarga (temporary karma-earned heavenly realm within saṁsāra); teaching note recommended. |
4. The Certainty of Christ’s Return Terms (ch. 1, 3)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coming/Parousia | παρουσία (parousia) | आगमन (ख्रीष्टको दोस्रो आगमन) | NEW | Critical | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:16, 3:4, 3:12 | Never अवतार-shaded phrasing (repeatable royal/divine descent); singular, certain, visible, personal return. |
| Scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται (empaiktai) | उपहास/खिसी गर्नेहरू | NEW | Low-Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 3:3 | Standard. |
| Majesty | μεγαλειότης (megaleiotēs) | वैभव | NEW | Medium | Deity of Christ (supporting return doctrine) | 1:16 | Prefer वैभव over प्रताप (royal/monarchical overtones). |
| Eyewitness testimony (of majesty) | see ἐπόπται above | — | NEW | High | Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1:16 | See Scripture & Inspiration table. |
| Voice from heaven | φωνὴ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ (phōnē ex ouranou) | स्वर्गबाटको आवाज | NEW | Medium | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 1:17-18 | Straightforward; supports Critical Sonship doctrine. |
| Son (Beloved) | Υἱός (Huios) | पुत्र (मेरो प्रिय पुत्र) | BASELINE | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1:17 | Reuse परमेश्वरका पुत्र pattern; unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship — never adoptive/metaphorical, never tulku-style recognized reincarnation. |
| Holy mountain | ὄρος ἅγιον (oros hagion) | पवित्र डाँडा/पहाड | BASELINE (holy) + new site term | Medium-High | Sonship/Deity of Christ | 1:18 | Holiness derives from the event, not an inherently sacred Himalayan-peak framework. |
5. The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment Terms (ch. 3)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου (hēmera Kyriou) | प्रभुको दिन | BASELINE (प्रभु) + new phrase | Critical | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3:10 | Sharply linear/final — never conflated with Hindu pralaya cycle or Buddhist kalpa-cycle cosmology. |
| Day of judgment and destruction | ἡμέρα κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας | न्याय र विनाशको दिन | NEW | High | Day of the Lord / Final Judgment | 3:7 | Parallels the Flood as prior judgment-type. |
| Elements | στοιχεῖα (stoicheia) | तत्वहरू (physical sense specified) | NEW | Medium | Final Judgment / Cosmic Renewal | 3:10, 3:12 | तत्व also = Vedāntic metaphysical categories; keep strictly physical-cosmic in context. |
| New heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | नयाँ आकाश र नयाँ पृथ्वी | NEW | Medium-High | Final Judgment / Renewal | 3:13 | Linear one-time renewal, not cyclical recreation. |
| Righteousness dwells | δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ | धार्मिकता वास गर्छ | BASELINE (धार्मिकता) | Critical | Salvation / Final Renewal | 3:13 | Reuse baseline exactly; never धर्म. |
| Without spot, blameless | ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι | निष्खोट र दोषरहित | NEW | Low-Medium | Sanctification (final state) | 3:14 | Standard purity language. |
| Creation | κτίσις (ktisis) | सृष्टि | NEW | Low | Day of the Lord (context) | 3:4 | Standard term. |
6. Patience of God’s Timing Terms (ch. 3)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Lord is not slow/slack | βραδύνει (bradynei) | प्रभु ढिलो गर्नुहुन्न | NEW | Medium-High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:9 | Distinguish personal purposeful timing from fatalistic भाग्य/cosmic-cycle framing. |
| Patience/longsuffering (God’s) | μακροθυμία / μακροθυμεῖ (makrothymia/-ei) | परमेश्वरको धीरज / सहनशीलता | NEW | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:9, 3:15 | Distinguish from ὑπομονή (human endurance, ch. 1) by always pairing with परमेश्वरको/प्रभुको. |
| One day as a thousand years | μία ἡμέρα…ὡς χίλια ἔτη | एक दिन हजार वर्ष जस्तै | NEW | Medium | Patience of God’s Timing | 3:8 | God’s transcendence of human time-perception. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | पश्चाताप | NEW (established Christian term) | Medium | Patience of God’s Timing / Salvation | 3:9 | Genuine change of mind/direction, not mere regret. |
7. Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption Terms (ch. 1, 2)
| English Term | Greek (Translit.) | Nepali Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partakers of the divine nature | θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί | ईश्वरीय स्वभावको सहभागी | NEW | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4 | Never तत्वको सहभागी (essence-merger). Not Ātman-Brahman identity, not Buddha-nature/tathāgatagarbha realization. Mandatory teaching note required every occurrence. |
| Divine power | θεία δύναμις (theia dynamis) | परमेश्वरीय सामर्थ्य | BASELINE pattern (सामर्थ्य, never शक्ति) | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:3 | Consistent with baseline power_of_god entry. |
| Corruption | φθορά (phthora) | विनाश | NEW | Medium-High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4, 2:12, 2:19 | Avoid क्षय (Buddhist anicca/impermanence associations); moral corruption, not metaphysical impermanence. |
| Lust/evil desire | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | लालसा | NEW | Medium | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4, 2:10, 2:18, 3:3 | Avoid वासना (karmic-imprint/rebirth-driving associations in yoga/Buddhist psychology). |
| Promises | ἐπάγγελμα (epaggelma) | प्रतिज्ञाहरू | NEW | Medium | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1:4 | Consistent with baseline covenant-promise vocabulary. |
| Eternal | αἰώνιος (aiōnios) | अनन्त | NEW | High | Certainty of Return / Eternal Kingdom | 1:11 | Never सनातन (Sanātana Dharma self-designation). New forbidden-substitution rule proposed. |
8. Baseline Terms Reused Verbatim (Confirmed, No New Deliberation)
| English Term | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Baseline Source | 2 Peter Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | translation_memory.json | 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:17, 1:21, 2:4, 3:5, 3:12 (and throughout) |
| Jesus | येशू | Critical | translation_memory.json | 1:1, 1:2, 1:8, 1:14, 1:16, 2:20, 3:18 |
| Christ | ख्रीष्ट | Critical | 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standard | throughout |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | translation_memory.json | 1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 1:14, 1:16, 2:1 (δεσπότης distinguished — see §3), 2:20, 3:2, 3:8-10, 3:15, 3:18 |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | translation_memory.json | 1:21 |
| Faith | विश्वास | High | translation_memory.json | 1:1, 1:5 |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | High | translation_memory.json | 1:2, 3:18 |
| Peace | शान्ति | Medium | translation_memory.json | 1:2 |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | translation_memory.json | 1:1, 2:5, 2:21, 3:13 |
| Holy | पवित्र | High | translation_memory.json | 1:18, 1:21, 2:21, 3:2, 3:11 |
| Glory | महिमा | High | translation_memory.json | 1:3, 1:17 |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | translation_memory.json | 1:1, 3:2 |
| Calling / Election | बोलावट / परमेश्वरको छनोट | High | translation_memory.json | 1:10 |
| Kingdom (eternal) | राज्य (अनन्त राज्य) | Medium (High w/ अनन्त) | translation_memory.json + new अनन्त rule | 1:11 |
| David / Israel / etc. | — | — | Not directly named in 2 Peter | — |
9. Proper Names (Established Nepali Bible Forms — Low Risk, Consistency Check Only)
| English | Nepali | Chapters |
|---|---|---|
| Peter | पत्रुस | 1:1 |
| Simon | सिमोन | 1:1 |
| Noah | नोआ | 2:5 |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | सदोम र गमोरा | 2:6 |
| Lot | लोत | 2:7 |
| Balaam | बालाम | 2:15 |
| Paul | पावल | 3:15 |
Chapter Coverage Confirmation
- Chapter 1 (1:1-15 chapter-level study + 1:16-21 core-passage verse-by-verse): fully analyzed above — introduces the epistle’s central vocabulary (δοῦλος, ἐπίγνωσις, ἀρετή, θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί, virtue chain, παρουσία, μεγαλειότης, φερόμενοι, γραφή).
- Chapter 2: fully analyzed above — introduces false-teacher, judgment, and fallen-angel vocabulary (ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι, αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας, δεσπότης, ταρταρόω, κατακλυσμός, ἀσέβεια).
- Chapter 3: fully analyzed above — introduces Day-of-the-Lord, patience-of-God, and cosmic-renewal vocabulary (παρουσία reprised, ἡμέρα Κυρίου, μακροθυμία, βραδύνω, στοιχεῖα, καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν).
No chapter of 2 Peter is without load-bearing theological vocabulary; all three chapters are represented above with full term-level analysis. Every term newly introduced by 2 Peter has been checked against, and where applicable aligned with, the existing baseline Romans translation memory to preserve full cross-curriculum consistency.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: never भगवान, given its state-Hindu-kingdom associations (Nepal constitutionally Hindu until 2007). परमेश्वर is the settled Nepali Christian standard, used throughout 2 Peter (1:1-3, 1:17, 1:21, 2:4, 3:5, 3:12, and elsewhere). Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: established Nepali Christian standard form across all major Nepali Bible translations. Used throughout 2 Peter (1:1, 1:2, 1:8, 1:14, 1:16, 2:20, 3:18). Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: God
CRITICAL: exclusive, supreme Lordship of Jesus Christ (1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 1:14, 1:16, 2:20, 3:2, 3:8-10, 3:15, 3:18). Must be kept distinct from δεσπότης (2:1), rendered मालिक, which emphasizes ownership by purchase rather than general supreme lordship — see master_owner entry below. Inherited from Romans package.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: never ब्रह्म (impersonal Hindu Absolute) or परमात्मा alone (universal Self). The personal Holy Spirit who carried the human prophets along as they spoke (2 Peter 1:21) — the divine agent, not human writers, is the source of prophecy. Inherited from Romans package.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikata
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER धर्म, given the Muluki Ain caste-code and Hindu-Kingdom associations. Right standing before God/moral order of the promised new creation (1:1, 2:5, 2:21, 3:13). Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL, DUAL-FRONT: NEVER मुक्ति, मोक्ष (Hindu liberation from rebirth), or निर्वाण (Buddhist cessation of craving/self). 2 Peter 3:15 frames the Lord’s patience itself as salvation-oriented, deliverance by a personal God who desires repentance, not release from an impersonal cycle. Inherited from Romans package.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरका पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameshwarka Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुत्र
Original: Υἱός (ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός)
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: full phrase required; never देवपुत्र, which wrongly places Christ within a Hindu/Buddhist pantheon of lesser divine beings. The general doctrinal designation of Christ’s eternal, unique Sonship, underlying the specific Transfiguration declaration rendered separately as beloved_son below. Inherited from Romans package.
Parousia
Approved rendering: आगमन
Transliteration: aagaman
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
Original: παρουσία
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: Christ’s visible, personal, future return, previewed at the Transfiguration and disputed by scoffers (1:16; 3:4; 3:12). Always qualify as ख्रीष्टको दोस्रो आगमन. MUST NOT be shaded toward अवतार-language (a repeatable royal/divine descent tied to Nepal’s Shah-dynasty monarchy, abolished 2008); this is a singular, certain, future, visible, personal return of the same historical Christ.
Carried Along By Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्माद्वारा डोऱ्याइएका
Transliteration: pavitra atmadwara dorya-ieka
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: trance/possession-adjacent vocabulary
Original: φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL: the Holy Spirit as the propelling agent of Scripture’s human authors, who spoke while their personalities and styles remained fully active (1:21). Must be sharply distinguished from jhākri shamanic trance/possession phenomena and Kathmandu Valley living-oracle traditions, in which the human agent’s own consciousness is displaced — biblical inspiration preserves the human author’s mind, will, and literary voice fully intact. Mandatory teaching note required at every occurrence.
Righteousness Dwells
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता वास गर्छ
Transliteration: dharmikata vaas garchha
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: धर्म वास गर्छ
Original: δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ
Category: Eschatology
The promised new heavens and new earth in which righteousness dwells (3:13). Reuses धार्मिकता exactly; never धर्म.
Knowledge Full
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टको पूर्ण ज्ञान / परमेश्वरको चिनजान
Transliteration: Khristko purna gyaan / Parameshwarko chinjan
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान (bare, unqualified)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Virtue
CRITICAL: ἐπίγνωσις — personal, relational, experiential knowledge of God/Christ that multiplies grace and peace (1:2) and through which believers escape corruption (1:3, 1:8, 2:20, 2:21). NEVER bare ज्ञान without an object/gloss — collides with Hindu jñāna-mārga (path of knowledge to mokṣa) and Buddhist prajñā (liberating wisdom toward nirvāṇa). Mandatory contextual gloss required at every occurrence.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ज्ञान
Transliteration: gyaan
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: ज्ञान (bare, unqualified)
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Virtue
CRITICAL: γνῶσις — knowledge added within the virtue chain (1:5-6), and grown in at the epistle’s close (3:18). Same collision risk as knowledge_full (jñāna-mārga/prajñā); always render with an explicit relational object naming Christ and a contextual gloss.
Partakers Of Divine Nature
Approved rendering: ईश्वरीय स्वभावको सहभागी
Transliteration: Ishwariya swabhavko sahabhagi
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: तत्वको सहभागी, एकत्व, मिलन
Original: θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί
Category: Divine Nature
CRITICAL: believers come to share God’s moral character through the new birth and ongoing relationship with Christ, NOT an ontological merger with deity (1:4). Use स्वभाव (character/disposition), never तत्व (Vedāntic essence-category); use सहभागी (relational sharing, echoing baseline सहभागिता), never एकत्व/मिलन (union/merger). Directly collides with Advaita Vedānta’s Ātman-Brahman identity, Buddhist tathāgatagarbha/Buddha-nature teaching, and bhakti traditions of merging with a chosen deity. MANDATORY footnote required at every occurrence.
Beloved Son
Approved rendering: मेरो प्रिय पुत्र
Transliteration: mero priya putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुत्र
CRITICAL: the Father’s heavenly declaration at the Transfiguration, “This is my beloved Son” (1:17). Consistent with the baseline’s परमेश्वरका पुत्र convention (see son_of_god above); must communicate unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship — never metaphorical, adoptive, or honorary sonship, and emphatically not a recognized reincarnate-lineage relationship as in the Himalayan Buddhist tulku tradition.
Tartarus Cast Down
Approved rendering: अन्धकारको बन्दीगृह
Transliteration: andhakarko bandigriha
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels
Rejected alternatives: नरक (bare, unqualified)
Original: ταρταρόω (ταρταρώσας)
Category: Judgment
CRITICAL: the certain, secure imprisonment of the angels who sinned, awaiting final judgment (2:4). Do NOT render as bare नरक — in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology naraka commonly denotes a temporary purgatorial realm within an ongoing rebirth cycle, from which souls eventually depart, directly contradicting the finality Peter intends. Descriptive rendering required (“a prison bound with chains of darkness”); if नरक is used for accessibility it MUST carry an explicit distinguishing note.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुको दिन
Transliteration: Prabhuko din
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: the certain, sudden, final, linear day of cosmic judgment and renewal (3:10). Must be sharply distinguished from Hindu cosmology’s cyclical pralaya (recurring across kalpas/yugas) and from Buddhist kalpa-cycle cosmology. A SINGLE, FINAL, LINEAR event, not one recurrence within an endless cycle. Mandatory teaching note wherever 3:7-13 is taught.
High Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
God the Father, whose voice at the Transfiguration honors the Son (2 Peter 1:17). Personal, relational Father, not an impersonal creator-principle. Inherited from Romans package.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically (2 Peter 1:1, 1:5). Distinguish from श्रद्धा/भक्ति’s Hindu/Buddhist devotional-reverence connotations. Inherited from Romans package.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, पुण्य, भाग्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Unmerited favor, multiplied through the knowledge of God and Christ (1:2) and to be grown in (3:18). Never पुण्य (accumulated religious merit) or भाग्य (fate). Inherited from Romans package.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Set apart for God and morally pure; describes the mountain of Transfiguration, the prophets, and the coming Day of God (1:18, 1:21, 2:21, 3:2, 3:11). Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
God’s radiant honor and presence; the Father’s glory-voice honoring the Son at the Transfiguration (1:3, 1:17). The qualifying phrase μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (“Majestic Glory”) should render as महान् महिमा, never a light-radiance metaphor echoing Kathmandu Valley living-goddess/Tantric associations. Inherited from Romans package.
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावट
Transliteration: bolawat
Doctrine: Divine Calling
The act or state of being called by God; believers are to confirm their calling through the virtue chain (1:10). Inherited from Romans package.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको छनोट
Transliteration: Parameshwarko chhanot
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत
God’s sovereign, personal choice, confirmed (not earned) by a growing life of virtue (1:10); not karma-determined destiny shared by Nepali Hindu and Buddhist frameworks. Inherited from Romans package.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko samarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
NEVER शक्ति, given the still-practiced Newar Tantric/Shakta tradition and living-goddess (Kumari) cult centered in the Kathmandu Valley. Underlies the majestic power displayed at the Transfiguration (1:16). Inherited from Romans package.
Savior
Approved rendering: उद्धारकर्ता
Transliteration: uddharkarta
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Σωτήρ
Category: Christology
“Our God and Savior Jesus Christ” (1:1) — a single-article Greek construction grammatically identifying Jesus as God. Built transparently on the established उद्धार root. Preserve the grammar: do not insert punctuation that separates “God” and “Savior” into two referents.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: पवित्र डाँडा
Transliteration: pavitra danda
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: ὄρος ἅγιον
Category: Christology
The Mount of Transfiguration, made holy by the redemptive-historical event that occurred there (1:18), not inherently sacred in itself. Nepal’s religious geography treats specific Himalayan peaks as inherently sacred abodes of deities (axis mundi); mandatory teaching note required distinguishing event-derived holiness from inherent site-sacredness.
Scripture
Approved rendering: पवित्रशास्त्र
Transliteration: pavitrashastra
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
The written prophetic record as a fixed, God-given deposit, not raw material for private reinterpretation (1:20). Distinguish from Hindu śruti (heard by sages) and the Buddhist sūtra tradition, both understood differently from divine authorship through human writers.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: अगमवाणीको वचन
Transliteration: agamavaniko vachan
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Scripture
The OT prophetic writings collectively, a doubly-confirmed foundation alongside eyewitness testimony (1:19). Compound built on the exactly-reused अगमवाणी root.
Myths Fables
Approved rendering: मनगढन्ते कथा
Transliteration: mangadhante katha
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: पुराण-सम्बन्धी किंवदन्ती
Original: μῦθος (σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις)
Category: Scripture
Cunningly devised fables, explicitly denied as the source of apostolic testimony (1:16). NEVER use पुराण-rooted terms — पुराण is the venerated Hindu mythological-narrative corpus, and Nepali readers would associate it with sacred narrative, the opposite of Peter’s point.
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: प्रत्यक्षदर्शी
Transliteration: pratyakshadarshi
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony
Original: ἐπόπται
Category: Scripture
Peter’s claim of direct, personal eyewitness observation of Christ’s majesty at the Transfiguration (1:16); apologetic force countering the charge of mythology must not be flattened into a generic “we saw it too.”
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: आफ्नै व्याख्या
Transliteration: aafnai vyakhya
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδία ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
Prophecy did not originate from an individual prophet’s own interpretive insight (1:20). Addresses the SOURCE of prophecy, not a ban on believers reading Scripture for themselves — a pastoral concern for a young, first-generation, newly literate Nepali church.
Equally Precious Faith
Approved rendering: समान मूल्यको विश्वास
Transliteration: samaan mulyako vishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith
The identical-value faith shared by Jewish apostles and Gentile believers alike (1:1). Reuses विश्वास exactly. Relevant given Nepal’s caste-hierarchy history — no believer’s faith is lesser in standing than another’s.
Virtue Excellence
Approved rendering: सद्गुण
Transliteration: sadgun
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: गुण (bare)
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Virtue
God’s own moral excellence (1:3), and the corresponding virtue believers add to their faith (1:5). Never bare गुण — the technical term for the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) of Sāṅkhya/Vedānta cosmology. सद् qualifier is mandatory without exception.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ईश्वरभक्ति
Transliteration: Ishwarbhakti
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: धर्म-rooted compounds
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Virtue
Reverent, godward devotion within the virtue chain and life awaiting the Day of the Lord (1:3, 1:6-7, 3:11). भक्ति is the term for Hindu bhakti-mārga, already rejected by the baseline for πίστις; retained here only because εὐσέβεια is a genuinely distinct concept. MANDATORY teaching note at every occurrence: reverent godly living flowing from an already-secured relationship with the one true God through Christ, not a meritorious devotional path among several paths to liberation. Never a धर्म-rooted compound.
Divine Power
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरीय सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameshwariya samarthya
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: Divine Nature
θεία δύναμις: God’s own power supplying everything needed for life and godliness (1:3). NEVER शक्ति, given the still-practiced Newar Tantric/Shakta tradition and living-goddess (Kumari) cult in the Kathmandu Valley. Extends the baseline power_of_god pattern.
Corruption
Approved rendering: विनाश
Transliteration: vinaash
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: क्षय
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature
The moral corruption pervading the world through evil desire, from which believers escape (1:4; also 2:12, 2:19). NEVER क्षय, which carries strong Buddhist anicca/anitya (universal impermanence) overtones — a foundational teaching leading toward detachment and nirvāṇa. φθορά here is specifically moral corruption from sinful desire, not impersonal metaphysical impermanence.
Eternal
Approved rendering: अनन्त
Transliteration: ananta
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: सनातन
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Divine Nature
The everlasting quality of the kingdom believers will enter (1:11). NEVER सनातन, the self-designation of “Sanātana Dharma” — traditional Hinduism’s own term for its eternal, unoriginated religious order — carrying enormous weight in a nation constitutionally Hindu until 2007. New forbidden-substitution rule for this curriculum.
Eternal Kingdom
Approved rendering: अनन्त राज्य
Transliteration: ananta rajya
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: सनातन राज्य
Original: αἰώνιος βασιλεία
Category: Divine Nature
“The eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (1:11), the believer’s final destination, tied to the certainty of Christ’s return. Compound of eternal + baseline kingdom_of_god.
False Teachers
Approved rendering: झूटा शिक्षकहरू
Transliteration: jhutta shikshakharu
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: Judgment
Teachers who present destructive falsehood as authoritative doctrine within the community (2:1). Given Nepal’s 2017 Muluki Criminal Code provisions restricting religious conversion/proselytizing, must be framed as internal doctrinal discernment within the Christian community, never language readable as inciting communal conflict against members of other religious traditions.
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: विनाशकारी शिक्षा
Transliteration: vinashakari shiksha
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: पाखण्ड
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: Judgment
Doctrinally destructive teaching bringing ruin on those who follow it (2:1). NEVER पाखण्ड, a Nepali word with older connotations of “heterodoxy/hypocritical religion” tied to historic Hindu polemics against rival schools.
Day Of Judgment And Destruction
Approved rendering: न्याय र विनाशको दिन
Transliteration: nyaaya ra vinaashko din
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας
Category: Eschatology
The coming fire-judgment paralleling the past water-judgment of the Flood (3:7). Must be kept linear and final, consistent with day_of_the_lord below.
Lord Not Slow
Approved rendering: प्रभु ढिलो गर्नुहुन्न
Transliteration: Prabhu dhilo garnuhunna
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: βραδύνει
Category: Eschatology
Denies that God’s timing reflects failure, weakness, or unfaithfulness to his promise (3:9). Must be distinguished from any fatalistic reading (भाग्य/cosmic time-cycle) — God’s timing is a personal, purposeful decision. Always anchor to the stated purpose clause (3:9b, that all should reach repentance).
Gods Patience
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको धीरज
Transliteration: Parameshwarko dheeraj
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्मको नियम
Original: μακροθυμία / μακροθυμεῖ
Category: Eschatology
μακροθυμία: God delays final judgment specifically to allow space for repentance (3:9, 3:15). Always pair with परमेश्वरको/प्रभुको to distinguish from human endurance (endurance entry, ch. 1). Must not be read as impersonal, indefinite postponement, but as personal forbearance willing sinners to repent.
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: नयाँ आकाश र नयाँ पृथ्वी
Transliteration: naya aakash ra naya prithvi
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
The promised final renewal of creation in which righteousness dwells (3:13). Its doctrinal frame (a single, final, linear act of re-creation after judgment) must be taught as distinct from the endless creation-dissolution-recreation cycle of Hindu pralaya cosmology.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Relational peace multiplied through knowledge of God and Christ (1:2). Inherited from Romans package.
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
An authorized, sent-out messenger with delegated apostolic authority; Peter’s self-designation (1:1, 3:2). Inherited from Romans package.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको राज्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko Rajya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
God’s sovereign reign; forms the root of the compound अनन्त राज्य (eternal kingdom, 1:11). Not a territorial or political kingdom. Inherited from Romans package.
Majesty
Approved rendering: वैभव
Transliteration: vaibhav
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: प्रताप
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
The visible majesty of Christ displayed at the Transfiguration (1:16). NEVER प्रताप, which carries specific overtones of Nepali royal majesty historically applied to the Shah kings, venerated as living avatars of Vishnu until 2008.
Voice From Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्गबाटको आवाज
Transliteration: swargabatako awaj
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: φωνή ἐξ οὐρανοῦ
Category: Christology
The audible, historical voice of God the Father heard by named eyewitnesses at the Transfiguration (1:17-18). Preserve as a concrete, dated, eyewitnessed event; avoid poetic paraphrase that abstracts it.
More Sure
Approved rendering: अझ बढी पक्का
Transliteration: ajha badhi pakka
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερον
Category: Scripture
The prophetic word as a doubly-confirmed foundation, more sure even than eyewitness experience (1:19).
Lamp
Approved rendering: दियो
Transliteration: diyo
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λύχνος
Category: Scripture
Scripture pictured as a lamp illuminating a dark present age (1:19).
Morning Star
Approved rendering: बिहानीको तारा
Transliteration: bihaniko tara
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: Lucifer-cognate transliteration
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Scripture
The day-star heralding daybreak, imaging Christ’s coming (1:19). Do NOT transliterate via any Latin “Lucifer” cognate; that name later became a designation for Satan in Christian tradition, wrongly contradicting this entirely positive image (cf. Revelation 22:16).
Men Spoke
Approved rendering: मानिसहरूले बोले
Transliteration: maanisharule bole
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐλάλησαν ἄνθρωποι
Category: Scripture
Preserves full human agency alongside full divine origination in the act of inspiration (1:21); must not be lost when paired with carried_along_by_spirit above.
Promise
Approved rendering: प्रतिज्ञा
Transliteration: pratigya
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπάγγελμα
Category: Salvation
Precious and very great promises through which believers become partakers of the divine nature (1:4); also the disputed promise of Christ’s coming (3:4, 3:9).
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: pashchatap
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: पछुतो
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
The goal of God’s patience — that none should perish but all reach repentance (3:9). Established Nepali Christian term; must convey a genuine change of mind/direction, not mere emotional regret (avoid पछुतो in doctrinal contexts).
Self Control
Approved rendering: आत्मसंयम
Transliteration: atmasanyam
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Virtue
Self-mastery within the virtue chain (1:6). Clarify this is Spirit-enabled self-control, not self-achieved ascetic mastery (tapasyā) understood to generate spiritual merit or siddhi.
Endurance
Approved rendering: सहनशीलता
Transliteration: sahanshilata
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Virtue
Steadfastness under trial within the virtue chain (1:6). Reserve for human endurance; distinguish from God’s patience (μακροθυμία, gods_patience below, ch. 3), which must always pair with परमेश्वरको/प्रभुको.
Diligence
Approved rendering: तत्परता
Transliteration: tatparata
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: σπουδή
Category: Virtue
Earnest effort in supplementing faith with virtue (1:5); this diligence responds to grace already given (1:3-4), not effort that generates merit, consistent with the baseline’s grace-vs-merit caution.
Growth
Approved rendering: वृद्धि हुनु
Transliteration: vriddhi hunu
Doctrine: Growth in Grace and Knowledge
Original: αὐξάνω
Category: Virtue
The epistle’s closing exhortation to grow in grace and knowledge of Christ (3:18); consistent with the baseline’s आपसी वृद्धि (mutual edification). Collision risk carried entirely by the paired term knowledge above.
Evil Desire
Approved rendering: लालसा
Transliteration: lalasa
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: वासना
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Divine Nature
The corrupting craving driving the world and the false teachers/scoffers (1:4; 2:10, 2:18; 3:3). NEVER वासना, which denotes latent karmic impressions (saṁskāras) in yoga psychology and Buddhist Abhidharma that drive future rebirth.
Master Owner
Approved rendering: मालिक
Transliteration: maalik
Doctrine: Redemption and Christ’s Ownership
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Judgment
δεσπότης, “the Master who bought them” — Christ’s ownership-right over believers through the redemption purchase, denied by the false teachers (2:1). Render मालिक to preserve the distinct ownership-by-purchase nuance, distinguished from प्रभु (reserved for κύριος).
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: ईश्वरविहीन
Transliteration: Ishwarvihin
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मी
Original: ἀσέβεια / ἀσεβής
Category: Judgment
The character of those under judgment, exemplified by Sodom and Gomorrah (2:5-6). Avoid धर्म-rooted compounds (अधर्मी discouraged) per baseline convention; ईश्वरविहीन (“without reverence for God”) or अभक्त preferred.
Angels Who Sinned
Approved rendering: पाप गर्ने स्वर्गदूतहरू
Transliteration: paap garne swargadootharu
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels
Original: ἄγγελοι ἁμαρτήσαντες
Category: Judgment
Fallen angels cast down and held for judgment (2:4). Reuses baseline पाप (sin) exactly. स्वर्ग (heaven) here must not be conflated with Hindu svarga, a temporary karma-earned heavenly realm within saṁsāra; teaching note recommended.
One Day As Thousand Years
Approved rendering: एक दिन हजार वर्ष जस्तै
Transliteration: ek din hajaar barsha jastai
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μία ἡμέρα παρὰ Κυρίῳ ὡς χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
God’s transcendence of ordinary human time-perception regarding his promise (3:8); straightforward comparative statement, minor clarity risk only.
Elements
Approved rendering: तत्वहरू
Transliteration: tatvaharu
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
The basic physical constituents of the created order, dissolved by fire at the Day of the Lord (3:10, 3:12). तत्व is also the technical term in Hindu Sāṅkhya/Vedānta metaphysics for fundamental reality-categories; keep strictly physical-cosmic in this context.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: अगमवक्ता
Transliteration: agamavakta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
God’s spokesperson; 2 Peter refers to the “holy prophets” (3:2) whose writings ground the certainty of the Day of the Lord. Do not confuse with ज्योतिषी (astrologer). Inherited from Romans package.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: अगमवाणी
Transliteration: agamavani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
God-inspired declaration; Low tier per baseline, though the surrounding doctrinal claim in 2 Peter 1:19-21 (its divine, not human, origin) is High/Critical in practical effect. Inherited from Romans package.
Honor
Approved rendering: सम्मान
Transliteration: sammaan
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
Honor conferred by the Father on the Son at the Transfiguration (1:17). Safe, standard rendering with no collision risk.
Well Pleased
Approved rendering: प्रसन्न हुनु
Transliteration: prasanna hunu
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: εὐδοκέω (εὐδόκησα)
Category: Christology
The Father’s approving delight in the Son (1:17): “जसमा म प्रसन्न छु.”
Will Of Man
Approved rendering: मानिसको इच्छा
Transliteration: maanisko ichha
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: θέλημα ἀνθρώπου
Category: Scripture
Negates human origination of prophecy (1:21).
Hard To Understand
Approved rendering: बुझ्न कठिन
Transliteration: bujhna kathin
Doctrine: Right Handling of Scripture
Original: δυσνόητα
Category: Scripture
Peter’s acknowledgment that some of Paul’s writings are difficult and twisted by the unstable (3:16); doctrinal weight lies in the surrounding warning against distorting Scripture.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: भाइचारा
Transliteration: bhaichara
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Virtue
Brotherly affection within the virtue chain (1:7).
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: माया, रति
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Virtue
Self-giving love, the capstone of the virtue chain (1:7); distinguished from माया (ordinary affection) and रति (romantic attraction).
Bondservant
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: daas
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: सेवक
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Peter’s self-identification of total ownership by and submission to Christ, paired with apostle (1:1). Distinguished from सेवक (a general “servant/employee”) to preserve the full force of total ownership.
Bought Purchased
Approved rendering: किन्नुभएको
Transliteration: kinnubhaeko
Doctrine: Redemption and Christ’s Ownership
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Judgment
Redemption-by-purchase imagery underlying the false teachers’ particularly grave sin (2:1); echoes उद्धार.
Flood
Approved rendering: जलप्रलय
Transliteration: jalpralaya
Doctrine: Creation and God’s Sovereignty over History
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Judgment
Noah’s flood as a historical type of coming judgment (2:5). Standard Nepali Bible rendering; flag प्रलय’s Hindu cyclical-dissolution association for awareness — context here is a single historical event, not a cyclical event.
Unstable
Approved rendering: अस्थिर
Transliteration: asthir
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀστήρικτος
Category: Judgment
Those preyed upon by false teachers and those who twist Scripture (2:14; 3:16). Consistent rendering across both occurrences.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: उपहास गर्नेहरू
Transliteration: upahaas garneharu
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Judgment
End-times mockers who deny the certainty of Christ’s return based on the apparent constancy of natural processes (3:3).
Creation
Approved rendering: सृष्टि
Transliteration: srishti
Doctrine: Creation and God’s Sovereignty over History
Original: κτίσις
Category: Judgment
The scoffers’ claim that the created order has continued unchanged since the beginning (3:4). Standard and safe.
Without Spot Blameless
Approved rendering: निष्खोट र दोषरहित
Transliteration: nishkhot ra dosharahit
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Original: ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι
Category: Eschatology
The moral purity believers are to pursue while awaiting the Day of the Lord (3:14); standard purity language.
Tent Body
Approved rendering: यो पाल (शरीर)
Transliteration: yo paal (sharir)
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Eschatology
Peter’s body as a temporary dwelling he will soon leave (1:13); echoes 2 Corinthians 5:1.
Departure
Approved rendering: प्रस्थान
Transliteration: prasthaan
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἔξοδος
Category: Eschatology
Peter’s coming death, described with Exodus overtones as a purposeful departure (1:15); not annihilation or absorption.
Referenced passages