Semantic Analysis — Titus (Full Book) in Koine Greek → Nepali

How to read this document

Every load-bearing term is analyzed with: Original word (Greek), Transliteration, Literal meaning, Semantic range, English variants (how major English versions render it), Contextual theological meaning in Titus, and Destination-language (Nepali) rendering risk. Where a term already has an established rendering in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json, that rendering is reused exactly and marked “(baseline reuse)”. New terms are assigned a risk tier using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.

Part 1 treats the core passage (Titus 2:11–3:8) verse by verse. Part 2 treats the entire remaining book, chapter by chapter, covering every chapter first to last (1:1–16; 2:1–10; 3:9–15), so that no chapter is silently skipped.

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PART 1 — CORE PASSAGE VERSE-BY-VERSE: Titus 2:11–3:8

Titus 2:11

Greek: Ἐπεφάνη γὰρ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις Working gloss: “For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all people.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
grace χάρις / charis favor freely given	unmerited gift, kindness, favor grace, favor	The saving initiative of God, not human achievement — thesis of the whole passage.	अनुग्रह (baseline reuse, High). Never पुण्य/भाग्य.
appeared ἐπεφάνη (aor. pass. of ἐπιφαίνω) / epephanē shone forth, became visible	to manifest, to become publicly evident appeared, has appeared, was manifested	Grace is not an abstraction but a historical, visible event — the incarnation and gospel proclamation of Christ. Root of “epiphany.”	प्रकट भयो (NEW, Critical). Must not echo अवतार-style “divine descent” language; frame as a historical event/disclosure, not a repeatable royal or divine manifestation. See Incarnation doctrine note (baseline Critical rule).
salvation-bringing / bringing salvation σωτήριος / sōtērios pertaining to salvation, saving	adjective describing grace as saving in character bringing salvation, salvation-bringing, that brings salvation	Modifies “grace” — grace itself is the saving agent, not a reward for merit.	Render via उद्धार-root adjective phrase “उद्धार ल्याउने” (baseline reuse of उद्धार, Critical). Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष/निर्वाण.
all people πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις / pasin anthrōpois to all humans	universal scope, no exclusion all men, all people, everyone	Universal offer of the gospel — directly relevant to Nepal’s history of caste-restricted access to religious status under the Muluki Ain.	सबै मानिसलाई — High. Must not be softened; retain full universality per baseline’s “universal_scope_of_gospel” doctrine.

Titus 2:12

Greek: παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς ἵνα ἀρνησάμενοι τὴν ἀσέβειαν καὶ τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας σωφρόνως καὶ δικαίως καὶ εὐσεβῶς ζήσωμεν ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι

Working gloss: “training us to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright, and godly lives in the present age.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
training παιδεύουσα / paideuousa child-rearing, disciplining, educating	to train, discipline, instruct (often through correction) training, teaches, instructs, disciplines	The curriculum’s title doctrine (“Grace That Trains for Godly Living”) hinges on this verb: grace itself is personified as the trainer. This is not self-effort but grace-initiated formation.	तालिम दिने (NEW, High). Must be framed as grace’s own active work, not human ascetic self-discipline (tapasya-style effort common to Hindu/Buddhist renunciate practice). Recommend a translator note distinguishing Spirit/grace-empowered training from merit-earning discipline.
renounce / having denied ἀρνησάμενοι / arnēsamenoi having said no to, having disowned	deny, disown, refuse, reject denying, having renounced	Deliberate, decisive rejection of a former way of life, not a gradual detachment (contrast with Buddhist non-attachment).	इन्कार गरी / “त्याग गरी” — Medium.
ungodliness ἀσέβεια / asebeia lack of reverence toward God	irreverence, impiety, godlessness ungodliness, godlessness, impiety	The opposite of the “godliness” (εὐσέβεια) that grace produces.	भक्तिहीनता (NEW, High) — coined as the negation of भक्तिभाव (see below); must not be confused with generic “bad karma” or ritual impurity.
worldly passions κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι / kosmikai epithymiai desires belonging to the (present) world-order	this-age-bound cravings, desires tied to the current fallen order worldly passions, worldly desires, passions of the world	Not “the physical world” as evil in itself, but desires oriented to the present, passing age in rebellion against God.	सांसारिक अभिलाषा (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: सांसारिक derives from संसार, the Hindu/Buddhist term for the cyclical round of worldly existence and rebirth (samsara). A Nepali reader may hear an echo of “attachment to samsara,” a philosophical category quite different from Paul’s “this present age” (νῦν αἰῶνι, historical-eschatological, not cyclical-cosmological). Retain as the standard rendering (no better established alternative exists in current Nepali Bible usage) but flag for a clarifying note in teaching materials.
self-controlled σωφρόνως / sōphronōs (adv.) soundly-minded, in control of oneself	temperate, sensible, disciplined in desire soberly, self-controlled, sensibly	Part of the “self-control cluster” central to this doctrine (also σώφρων, ἐγκρατής, σωφρονίζω elsewhere in Titus).	संयमपूर्वक (NEW, High as a cluster). संयम is also a prominent ascetic virtue-term in Hindu yogic and Buddhist monastic discipline (self-restraint achieved through practice); must be anchored to Spirit-produced fruit, not self-achieved virtue.
upright / righteously δικαίως / dikaiōs (adv.) in a right/just manner	justly, rightly, uprightly uprightly, justly, righteously	Adverbial form of δικαιοσύνη (righteousness).	धार्मिकताका साथ (NEW, built on baseline धार्मिकता, Medium). Never धर्म-rooted alternatives, per baseline Critical rule on righteousness.
godly / godliness εὐσεβῶς / eusebōs (adv.) in a reverent, God-honoring manner	piously, devoutly, godly godly, godly manner, in godliness	Positive counterpart to ἀσέβεια; the outward pattern of a life oriented to God.	भक्तिभावका साथ (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: भक्ति is the operative term of the Hindu bhakti devotional tradition (bhakti-marga, devotion to a chosen personal deity as a path to liberation) and of Buddhist devotional practice. Anchoring it explicitly to परमेश्वर in context (rather than a generic object of devotion) mitigates but does not eliminate the risk; recommend theologian review at every occurrence.
present age ὁ νῦν αἰών / ho nyn aiōn the now-age	this present time-period, the current era before Christ’s return this present age, this world, now	Historical-eschatological “already/not yet” frame, distinct from Hindu yuga-cosmology’s cyclical ages.	यस वर्तमान युगमा — Medium. युग (yuga) itself carries Hindu cyclical-age connotations (Satya/Kali Yuga); context should make clear this is a single linear era awaiting Christ’s return, not a phase in an endlessly repeating cosmic cycle.

Titus 2:13

Greek: προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

Working gloss: “waiting for our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
waiting for προσδεχόμενοι / prosdechomenoi receiving toward oneself, awaiting	to await expectantly, to welcome waiting for, awaiting, looking for	Confident, forward-looking expectation, not passive resignation or karmic fatalism.	आशाका साथ पर्खिरहेका — Low-Medium.
blessed hope μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα / makarian elpida happy/blessed expectation	joyful, secure anticipation of a certain future good blessed hope, happy hope	Christ’s return, the object of certain Christian hope, not an uncertain future shaped by accumulated merit across possible future lives.	धन्य आशा (NEW, Medium). Distinguish from Hindu/Buddhist hope of eventual liberation across an indefinite span of future rebirths; this hope is fixed and certain, anchored in Christ’s promised return.
appearing ἐπιφάνειαν / epiphaneian manifestation, visible appearance	(of a deity/ruler) glorious visible arrival; (NT) Christ’s first or second coming appearing, glorious appearing, manifestation	Refers here to Christ’s Second Coming, when his glory (already possessed) will be publicly revealed.	महिमामय प्रकटीकरण (NEW, Critical). GROUNDED RISK: this is the single highest-risk term in Titus. ἐπιφάνεια is the technical Hellenistic-royal term for a king’s or god’s grand visible arrival — precisely the register Nepali अवतार theology also occupies (the Shah kings’ state-sanctioned Vishnu-avatar status, living memory until 2008). Nepali renderings MUST avoid अवतार and avoid any phrasing suggesting a repeatable divine descent; this is the unique, final, glory-unveiling return of the one who already, uniquely, took on flesh once (देहधारण, baseline Critical term).
glory δόξης / doxēs radiance, honor, weightiness	God’s manifest splendor and honor glory	Christ’s essential divine glory to be revealed openly.	महिमा (baseline reuse, High).
great God and Savior τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν / tou megalou theou kai sōtēros hēmōn of-the great God and of-our-Savior	grammatically (Sharp’s rule: one article governing two nouns joined by καί, both referring to one Person) this identifies Jesus Christ AS “great God and Savior” — a direct assertion of Christ’s full deity our great God and Savior, our great God and our Savior	One of the clearest single-verse assertions of the Deity of Christ in the New Testament: Jesus Christ himself is named “great God” and “Savior” in a single grammatical unit.	महान् परमेश्वर र हाम्रा उद्धारकर्ता — Critical. This verse cannot be rendered ambiguously (e.g., as if referring to two persons, “the great God, and [also] our Savior Jesus Christ”) without weakening the deity-of-Christ claim; the grammar of the Greek must be preserved in translation to the fullest extent Nepali syntax allows. Flag for mandatory theologian review.
Savior σωτῆρος / sōtēros one who saves/rescues/delivers	rescuer, deliverer, one who preserves from danger or destruction Savior	Applied here directly to Jesus Christ, paired with θεός.	उद्धारकर्ता (NEW, built cleanly on baseline उद्धार, Critical). Never भगवान-adjacent generic-deity-savior language; this title belongs exclusively to the one true God and to Jesus Christ, never to any other religious figure.
Jesus Christ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ / Iēsou Christou —	proper name + title (Anointed One) Jesus Christ	—	येशू ख्रीष्ट (baseline reuse of येशू; ख्रीष्ट reuses the doctrinal category of baseline’s “messiah” = मसीह, but the established Nepali Christian proper-name form for the title-as-name is ख्रीष्ट — retain ख्रीष्ट consistently as in established Nepali Bible tradition, alongside मसीह for explicit Messianic-promise contexts). Critical.

Titus 2:14

Greek: ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἵνα λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἑαυτῷ λαὸν περιούσιον ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων

Working gloss: “who gave himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people of his own possession, zealous for good works.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
gave himself ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν / edōken heauton gave himself	self-sacrifice, substitutionary self-offering gave himself, gave his own life	Christ’s voluntary substitutionary death; the ground of redemption.	आफैलाई दिनुभयो — Medium (Christ’s self-giving, tie to atonement theology already Critical/High in baseline).
redeem λυτρώσηται / lytrōsētai to ransom, buy back, set free by payment of a price	deliverance secured by a price paid redeem, ransom, rescue, set free	Deliverance purchased at the cost of Christ’s own life, from bondage to lawlessness.	छुटकारा दिनु (NEW, Critical). NEVER मुक्त/मुक्ति (rejected in baseline for “salvation” due to Hindu moksha/liberation-from-rebirth associations). छुटकारा conveys ransom-secured release without invoking the cyclical-liberation frame.
lawlessness ἀνομίας / anomias without-law-ness	rebellion against God’s law, wickedness generally lawlessness, wickedness, iniquity	The condition from which Christ redeems — not merely legal infraction but rebellion against God’s revealed will.	व्यवस्थाविहीनता (NEW, Medium), built cleanly on baseline’s व्यवस्था (“law,” Mosaic Law) rather than on the धर्म root.
purify καθαρίσῃ / katharisē to cleanse, make pure	ritual or moral cleansing purify, cleanse	Christ’s own cleansing action forming a people set apart for himself; moral-relational, not a self-performed ritual cleansing.	शुद्ध पार्नु — High. See ritual-purity caution under Titus 1:15 below; here, however, the subject performing the cleansing is Christ himself (not a human ritual act), which somewhat mitigates the collision — still recommend a clarifying note that this is Christ’s unilateral cleansing work, not a repeatable purification rite.
people for his own possession λαὸν περιούσιον / laon periousion a people beyond/around [i.e., surrounding him as] a special possession	treasured possession, special people, people set apart as belonging distinctly to one a people for his own possession, his very own people, a peculiar people (KJV)	Echoes Exodus 19:5 LXX — Israel’s covenant identity as God’s treasured possession, now extended to the redeemed people of the new covenant, Jew and Gentile alike.	आफ्नो निजी जन (NEW, Medium). Ties directly to baseline’s Election doctrine (परमेश्वरको छनोट) — this is grace-based covenant identity, not a caste-like exclusive status; the surrounding context (2:11’s “all people”) guards this from being misread as ethnic or hierarchical privilege.
zealous ζηλωτὴν / zēlōtēn eager, ardent, jealous-for	eager pursuit, passionate devotion to a cause zealous for, eager for	Enthusiastic pursuit of good works as the fruit (not the cause) of redemption.	जोसिला — Low.
good works καλῶν ἔργων / kalōn ergōn fine/good deeds	morally excellent, beneficial actions good works, good deeds	Central to the doctrine “Sound Doctrine and Good Works” and to “Salvation by Grace not Works”: good works here are the redeemed people’s fruit, never their means of redemption (cf. 3:5, 3:8).	असल काम (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: must never be confused with पुण्य-कर्म, the merit-accumulating good deeds of Hindu/Buddhist ethical frameworks that build toward better rebirth or liberation. Good works in Titus are the necessary evidence and consequence of grace already received (2:11-14; 3:5-8), never its cause.

Titus 2:15

Greek: Ταῦτα λάλει καὶ παρακάλει καὶ ἔλεγχε μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς· μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω.

Working gloss: “Declare these things; exhort and rebuke with all authority. Let no one disregard you.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
declare λάλει / lalei speak	say, tell, proclaim speak, declare, say	Titus is to publicly teach the preceding gospel-grounded ethic.	भन्नु / “घोषणा गर्नु” — Low.
exhort παρακάλει / parakalei call alongside, urge	encourage, urge, comfort, appeal to exhort, encourage, urge	Building up believers in the truth just taught (baseline “exhort” = उत्साहित पार्नु for the encouragement sense).	उत्साहित पार्नु (baseline reuse, Low).
rebuke ἔλεγχε / elegche expose, reprove, convict of fault	correct, reprove, refute rebuke, reprove, correct	Authoritative correction of error, paired with teaching and encouragement — the pastoral pattern the whole letter models.	सुधार्नु / “हप्काउनु” (NEW, Medium).
authority ἐπιταγῆς / epitagēs command, injunction, authoritative order	authoritative charge, command authority, all authority, full authority	Titus’s teaching carries delegated apostolic authority, not personal opinion.	अधिकार (NEW, Medium).
disregard περιφρονείτω / periphroneitō think around/beyond, look down on	despise, disdain, disregard despise, disregard, look down on	—	वेवास्ता गर्नु — Low.

Titus 3:1

Greek: Ὑπομίμνησκε αὐτοὺς ἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν, πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι

Working gloss: “Remind them to be submissive to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
remind Ὑπομίμνησκε / hypomimnēske cause to remember	remind, call to mind remind, put in mind	This is not new instruction but reinforcement of known teaching.	सम्झाउनु — Low.
rulers and authorities ἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις / archais exousiais rulers, authorities	governmental powers, civic officials rulers and authorities, magistrates and authorities	Human civic government as a legitimate, God-permitted sphere of authority.	शासक र अधिकारीहरू (NEW, Medium).
be submissive / be subject ὑποτάσσεσθαι / hypotassesthai to arrange oneself under, to place oneself under	voluntary, ordered submission to legitimate authority submit to, be subject to, be submissive to	The core term of the doctrine “Submission to Authority”: voluntary honor toward legitimate governing structures, flowing from transformed character (2:11-14), not enforced hierarchical subordination.	अधीनमा रहनु (NEW, Critical). GROUNDED RISK: Nepal’s 1854 Muluki Ain formally codified caste-based social submission as state law; this teaching, read carelessly, could be heard as reinforcing the very birth-ascribed hierarchical subordination the gospel elsewhere dismantles (cf. baseline “unity_of_jews_and_gentiles,” “universal_human_accountability”). Must be taught and translated with explicit clarification that this is willing honor toward legitimate civic authority, grounded in gospel transformation, never a re-endorsement of caste-based social hierarchy. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence (also 2:5, 2:9, 3:1).
be obedient πειθαρχεῖν / peitharchein to obey a ruler/authority	comply with, submit to the direction of be obedient, obey	Practical outworking of ὑποτάσσεσθαι.	आज्ञा पालन गर्नु — Low-Medium.
good work ἔργον ἀγαθὸν / ergon agathon good deed	see “good works” above good work, good deed	Readiness for civic good, an outworking of the doctrine of grace-produced good works.	असल काम (baseline-established within this document, High).

Titus 3:2

Greek: μηδένα βλασφημεῖν, ἀμάχους εἶναι, ἐπιεικεῖς, πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους πραΰτητα πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους.

Working gloss: “to speak evil of no one, to avoid quarreling, to be gentle, showing every courtesy to all people.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
speak evil βλασφημεῖν / blasphēmein to slander, revile, blaspheme	(of God) blaspheme; (of people) slander, revile speak evil of, slander, malign	Here directed at people, not God — context-sensitive with the same verb’s use for irreverence toward God elsewhere.	खराब बोल्नु (NEW, Medium, context-sensitive — distinguish from निन्दा गर्नु used when the object is God).
not quarrelsome ἀμάχους / amachous not fighting, peaceable	non-combative, not contentious not quarrelsome, peaceable, avoid quarreling	—	शान्तिप्रिय (builds on baseline शान्ति, Low).
gentle ἐπιεικεῖς / epieikeis yielding, considerate, reasonable	gentle, forbearing, reasonable gentle, considerate, courteous	—	नरम / सहनशील — Low.
gentleness πραΰτητα / prautēta mildness, gentleness	meekness, mildness gentleness, courtesy, meekness	Christlike gentleness toward outsiders, not a spiritual-achievement virtue.	नम्रता (NEW, Medium) — distinguish from meditative equanimity cultivated as a self-attainment.
all people πάντας ἀνθρώπους / pantas anthrōpous —	— all people, everyone	Reinforces universal scope again (cf. 2:11).	सबै मानिस — High (universality preserved).

Titus 3:3

Greek: Ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους.

Working gloss: “For we ourselves were once foolish, disobedient, led astray, slaves to various passions and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hated and hating one another.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
foolish ἀνόητοι / anoētoi without understanding	senseless, unwise foolish, senseless	Precedes the grace narrative of 3:4-7: the pre-conversion condition Paul includes himself in.	मूर्ख — Low.
disobedient ἀπειθεῖς / apeitheis unpersuadable, disobedient	rebellious, unbelieving-and-disobedient disobedient, unbelieving	—	अनाज्ञाकारी — Low-Medium.
led astray πλανώμενοι / planōmenoi wandering, deceived	deceived, going astray led astray, deceived, going astray	—	बहकिएका — Medium.
slaves [to] δουλεύοντες / douleuontes serving as a slave	being enslaved to, in bondage to slaves to, enslaved to	Metaphorical bondage — distinct from the literal household slavery addressed in 2:9-10 and from Paul’s own self-designation as “slave of God” (1:1). This threefold use of δοῦλος-family words in one short letter requires careful, context-sensitive tracking.	दास (NEW, Medium, context-sensitive).
passions and pleasures ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς / epithymiais kai hēdonais desires and pleasures	cravings and sensual gratifications passions and pleasures, lusts and pleasures	—	अभिलाषा र भोगविलास — Low-Medium.
malice and envy κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ / kakia kai phthonō evil and envy	ill-will, malice; jealousy, envy malice and envy	—	खराबी र ईर्ष्या — Low.

Titus 3:4

Greek: ὅτε δὲ ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ,

Working gloss: “But when the kindness and loving-kindness of God our Savior appeared,“

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
kindness χρηστότης / chrēstotēs goodness, kindness	benevolence, moral goodness expressed practically kindness, goodness	God’s saving disposition, contrasted with humanity’s condition in 3:3.	भलमानसता (NEW, Medium).
loving-kindness / love for mankind φιλανθρωπία / philanthrōpia love of humankind (root of English “philanthropy”)	benevolent love directed toward people in general loving kindness, love for mankind, philanthropy	GROUNDED RISK: the English/derived-vocabulary cognate “philanthropy” in contemporary Nepali usage (and in NGO/development contexts, which carry particular visibility in Nepal’s Christian community) can flatten this into secular humanitarian benevolence divorced from the gospel — directly the risk baseline flags under “christ_centered_ministry.”	मानिसहरूप्रतिको प्रेम (NEW, High). Must be anchored to God’s specific saving action in Christ (3:5-7), not generic humanitarian goodwill.
appeared ἐπεφάνη / epephanē see 2:11 above	— appeared	Same verb as 2:11 — this is the second of two ἐπιφάνεια-family occurrences bracketing the passage; consistency of rendering across both is required.	प्रकट भयो (Critical, consistent with 2:11 above).
Savior σωτῆρος … θεοῦ / sōtēros … theou —	— God our Savior	Here applied to “God” directly (as in 2:10, 2:13 to Christ) — the same title moves fluidly between Father and Son in Titus, a subtle but important trinitarian data point.	उद्धारकर्ता परमेश्वर (Critical, consistent rendering).

Titus 3:5

Greek: οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου,

Working gloss: “he saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy, through the washing of regeneration and renewal by the Holy Spirit,”

This is the doctrinal center of the letter — “Salvation by Grace not Works” and “Regeneration by the Holy Spirit” both anchor here.

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
works ἔργων / ergōn deeds, actions	human deeds, moral efforts works, deeds	Explicitly excluded as the ground of salvation.	कामहरू — Medium, must not be softened into “some works” — the negation is total.
in righteousness ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ / en dikaiosynē in a state/sphere of righteousness	righteous deeds, deeds done in a state of moral rectitude in righteousness, of righteousness	Even sincerely “righteous” human deeds are excluded as the basis of salvation — a direct rebuttal of any works-righteousness system.	धार्मिकतामा (baseline reuse, Critical).
mercy ἔλεος / eleos compassion, pity	God’s compassionate disposition toward those in need/misery mercy, compassion	Distinct from χάρις (grace, favor toward the undeserving) — ἔλεος is God’s compassion toward those in a wretched condition (cf. 3:3). Both together (grace and mercy) describe salvation’s motive.	दया (NEW, High). Per baseline, कृपा is reserved for non-soteriological compassion only — दया is used here instead, but must be distinguished from Buddhist करुणा (karuna), the impersonal virtue of compassion cultivated by a practitioner as spiritual fruit; biblical ἔλεος is God’s own personal, active disposition moving him to save, not a virtue believers generate.
saved ἔσωσεν / esōsen rescued, delivered	delivered from danger/destruction saved, rescued	—	उद्धार गर्नुभयो (baseline reuse of उद्धार, Critical).
washing λουτροῦ / loutrou a bath, a washing	act or instrument of washing washing, bath	Almost certainly evokes baptism as the visible sign of the inward reality, though the emphasis is the Spirit’s inward regenerating work, not the physical water itself as efficacious.	धोवाइ (NEW, Critical). GROUNDED RISK: never स्नान. स्नान denotes ritual bathing central to Hindu purification practice (e.g., the sacred bath in the Bagmati at Pashupatinath); rendering λουτρόν with स्नान risks reinstating exactly the works/ritual-based salvation this verse explicitly denies (“not by works done by us”). धोवाइ (an ordinary domestic-washing word) avoids this ritual-purification field.
regeneration παλιγγενεσίας / paliggenesias again-birth, rebirth, new-genesis	renewal of existence, new birth regeneration, new birth	The single highest-stakes term-choice in the letter.	नयाँ जन्म (NEW, Critical). GROUNDED RISK, EXPANDED FROM BASELINE’S RESURRECTION RULE: παλιγγενεσία is even more literally “rebirth” than ἀνάστασις (resurrection) — the temptation to render it with पुनर्जन्म is therefore stronger, not weaker, than for “resurrection.” पुनर्जन्म is the operative term for karma-driven cyclical rebirth in both Nepali Hindu and Buddhist frameworks (rebirth across six realms in Buddhist cosmology). This is a once-for-all, Spirit-worked, new spiritual birth into permanent new life, never a repeatable cycle. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Use नयाँ जन्म exclusively, consistent with how “born again” (John 3:3) should also be rendered in this tradition.
renewal ἀνακαινώσεως / anakainōseōs making new again	renewing, remaking renewal, renewing	The Spirit’s ongoing renewing work, closely related to but distinct from the once-for-all “new birth” — parallels baseline’s Sanctification doctrine (पवित्रीकरण).	नवीकरण (NEW, Medium).
Holy Spirit πνεύματος ἁγίου / pneumatos hagiou —	— Holy Spirit	The Spirit is the effective agent of regeneration and renewal — direct anchor for “Regeneration by the Holy Spirit” doctrine.	पवित्र आत्मा (baseline reuse, Critical). Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा.

Titus 3:6

Greek: οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν,

Working gloss: “whom he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior,“

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
poured out ἐξέχεεν / execheen poured out, spilled out	abundant, lavish outpouring poured out, richly poured	Echoes Pentecost language (Acts 2:17-18, itself citing Joel); the Spirit’s outpouring through Christ.	खन्याउनुभयो — Low-Medium.
richly πλουσίως / plousiōs abundantly, lavishly	generously, in abundance richly, abundantly, generously	Emphasizes lavish, not measured/rationed, grace.	प्रशस्त मात्रामा — Low.
Jesus Christ our Savior Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν —	— Jesus Christ our Savior	The Spirit is poured out specifically “through” Christ — Trinitarian coordination of Father, Son and Spirit in one salvific act.	हाम्रा उद्धारकर्ता येशू ख्रीष्टद्वारा (Critical, consistent with 2:13, 3:4).

Titus 3:7

Greek: ἵνα δικαιωθέντες τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν κατ᾿ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου.

Working gloss: “so that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
having been justified δικαιωθέντες / dikaiōthentes having been declared righteous	forensic declaration of righteous status justified, having been justified	The forensic act (cf. baseline’s “justification” and “imputed_righteousness” entries) that grounds heirship — not a process of self-improvement but a legal declaration.	धर्मी ठहराइएका (baseline reuse of धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य, Critical).
by his grace τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι / tē ekeinou chariti —	— by his grace	Grace is explicitly named as the instrument of justification, tying together 2:11’s opening theme and 3:5’s “not by works.”	उहाँको अनुग्रहद्वारा (baseline reuse, High).
heirs κληρονόμοι / klēronomoi those who receive an inheritance	inheritors, those with inheritance rights heirs	Connects to Adoption doctrine (baseline: दत्तक पुत्रता) — full inheritance rights, not a lesser or provisional status.	उत्तराधिकारी (NEW, Medium).
hope of eternal life ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου / elpida zōēs aiōniou —	— hope of eternal life	Certain future hope, not an uncertain cyclical progress toward liberation.	अनन्त जीवनको आशा (NEW, High — ties directly to baseline’s Salvation Critical note: eternal life is unending personal communion with the personal God through Christ, never release from an impersonal cycle (मुक्ति/मोक्ष) nor cessation of self (निर्वाण)).

Titus 3:8

Greek: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ περὶ τούτων βούλομαί σε διαβεβαιοῦσθαι, ἵνα φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων προΐστασθαι οἱ πεπιστευκότες θεῷ. ταῦτά ἐστιν καλὰ καὶ ὠφέλιμα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.

Working gloss: “The saying is trustworthy, and I want you to insist on these things, so that those who have believed God may be careful to devote themselves to good works. These things are good and profitable for people.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
trustworthy saying Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος / Pistos ho logos faithful [is] the word	reliable, dependable statement trustworthy saying, faithful saying	A recurring Pauline formula (cf. 1 Timothy) marking the preceding statement (3:4-7) as a settled, reliable summary of the gospel.	यो वचन विश्वासयोग्य छ (NEW, built on baseline विश्वास, Medium).
insist διαβεβαιοῦσθαι / diabebaiousthai to affirm confidently, insist strongly	assert emphatically, speak with confidence insist, speak confidently, affirm	—	दृढतासाथ भन्नु — Low.
those who have believed God οἱ πεπιστευκότες θεῷ / hoi pepisteukotes theō those having believed God	believers, those who trust God those who have believed in God, believers	Same विश्वास root as elsewhere; here directly linking faith and its fruit (good works).	परमेश्वरमा विश्वास गर्नेहरू (baseline reuse, High).
devote themselves to προΐστασθαι / proistasthai to stand before, to be at the head of, to practice diligently	to be engaged in, to pursue diligently, to excel at devote themselves to, apply themselves to, engage in, practice	Deliberate, ongoing diligence — not occasional or grudging good works but a defining practice of the believing life.	लगनशील हुनु (NEW, Medium).
good works καλῶν ἔργων / kalōn ergōn —	— good works	Closes the passage exactly where it opened (2:14) — good works bookend the entire core passage as the fruit, never the ground, of salvation.	असल काम (established above, High).
profitable ὠφέλιμα / ōphelima beneficial, useful	advantageous, helpful profitable, beneficial, useful	—	लाभदायक — Low.

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PART 2 — WHOLE-BOOK CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY

Chapter 1 (Titus 1:1–16)

1:1–4 — Salutation

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
servant/slave of God δοῦλος θεοῦ / doulos theou slave of God	bondservant, slave servant of God, slave of God	Paul’s self-designation of total, willing ownership by God — distinct from the metaphorical slavery-to-sin of 3:3 and the literal household slavery of 2:9-10.	परमेश्वरका दास (NEW, Medium, context-sensitive tracking required across the letter’s three distinct uses of δοῦλος-family words).
apostle ἀπόστολος / apostolos one sent out	authorized, sent messenger apostle	Delegated apostolic authority undergirding the whole letter’s instructions.	प्रेरित (baseline reuse, Medium).
elect (of God) ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ / eklektōn theou chosen ones of God	God’s chosen people God’s elect, God’s chosen	Same doctrinal category as baseline’s Election (परमेश्वरको छनोट) — God’s sovereign, personal choice, not karma-determined fate.	परमेश्वरका चुनिएकाहरू (builds on baseline election term, High).
knowledge of the truth ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας / epignōsin alētheias full/exact knowledge of truth	recognition, well-grounded understanding of truth knowledge of the truth	Propositional and relational knowledge of God’s revealed truth in Christ, received by faith — not esoteric, self-realized gnosis.	सत्यताको ज्ञान (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: ज्ञान (jnana) is the technical term for the “path of knowledge” in Hindu Advaita Vedanta and for Buddhist प्रज्ञा (prajna)-adjacent liberating insight — both frameworks in which correct esoteric knowledge itself dissolves ignorance/illusion and produces liberation. Biblical ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας is revealed, received truth about God’s saving acts in history, not self-attained enlightenment.
godliness κατ᾿ εὐσέβειαν / kat’ eusebeian according to godliness	in accordance with reverence for God godliness, piety	Establishes εὐσέβεια as a major term across the letter (also 2:12; cf. also 1 Tim/2 Tim).	भक्तिभाव (established above, High).
God who never lies ὁ ἀψευδὴς θεός / ho apseudēs theos the not-lying God	truthful, trustworthy God God, who never lies	Grounds the certainty of the hope of eternal life in God’s own truthful character.	कहिल्यै नकुरा बोल्ने परमेश्वर — Low, reuses baseline परमेश्वर (Critical).
promised ἐπηγγείλατο / epēggeilato promised beforehand	pledged, gave a promise promised	Connects to baseline’s Covenant/Providence doctrines — God’s reliable, personal promise-keeping, not impersonal fate.	प्रतिज्ञा गर्नुभयो — Medium.
before the ages of time πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων / pro chronōn aiōniōn before eternal times	before time began, from eternity past before the ages began, before time began	God’s eternal purpose predates creation — ties to baseline Providence doctrine.	अनन्त कालभन्दा पहिले — Low-Medium.
manifested ἐφανέρωσεν / ephanerōsen made visible, revealed	disclosed, made known/public manifested, revealed, made known	Same semantic family as ἐπιφάνεια (2:11,13; 3:4) — God’s eternal plan made historically visible through gospel proclamation.	प्रकट गर्नुभयो — Medium, consistent with the ἐπιφάνεια-family Critical cluster.
preaching / proclamation κηρύγματι / kērygmati proclamation, heralding	public announcement with authority preaching, proclamation, message	Ties to baseline’s Mission/Evangelism doctrine — proclamation carries real, current legal weight in Nepal under the 2017 Muluki Criminal Code’s conversion-restriction provisions.	प्रचार (builds on baseline सुसमाचार प्रचार root, High — Evangelism doctrine per baseline).
my true child γνησίῳ τέκνῳ / gnēsiō teknō genuine/legitimate child	authentic, true offspring (of Paul’s spiritual fatherhood over Titus) true child, true son	Pastoral-mentorship metaphor; must not be confused with the Christological category of Sonship of Christ (baseline Critical doctrine) or with the doctrine of Adoption (baseline High doctrine) — this is a distinct, lower-stakes metaphorical usage.	साँचो सन्तान — Low-Medium (clarity note, not syncretism risk).
common faith κοινὴν πίστιν / koinēn pistin shared faith	faith held in common among believers common faith, faith we share	—	साझा विश्वास (builds on baseline विश्वास, Low).

1:5–9 — Qualifications for Elders

This section anchors the doctrine “Qualifications for Elders.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
appoint καταστήσῃς / katastēsēs set in place, install	ordain, appoint appoint, ordain	Formal installation to church office.	नियुक्त गर्नु — Low.
elder πρεσβυτέρους / presbyterous older man; (technical) church elder	office-bearer with recognized spiritual oversight elders	Distinguish from mere social seniority (village-elder or age-based authority in Nepali society); this is a qualification-based spiritual office, not an honor of age or caste-based social standing.	एल्डर (NEW, transliterated loanword, Medium). Alternatives rejected: प्राचीन (means merely “an old/ancient person,” loses the office sense); प्रधान (implies “chief/boss,” overstates hierarchical authority against the servant-leadership pattern of vv.7-9).
above reproach ἀνέγκλητος / anegklētos not-to-be-accused	blameless, without valid accusation above reproach, blameless	—	दोषरहित — Low-Medium.
husband of one wife μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα / mias gynaikos andra a one-wife man	faithful, monogamous marriage (interpretive question: exclusively-once-married vs. currently-faithful-to-one-wife) husband of one wife, faithful to his wife	Requires careful interpretive (not primarily syncretism-risk) handling; flag for theologian input on which reading to follow, given cultural variation in marriage patterns.	एक पत्नीको पति — Medium (interpretive nuance, native-speaker/theologian review recommended).
believing children τέκνα … πιστά / tekna pista faithful/believing children	children who are themselves believers, or well-behaved (disputed) believing children, faithful children	—	विश्वासी सन्तान (builds on baseline विश्वास) — Medium (same interpretive-ambiguity note as above).
overseer ἐπίσκοπον / episkopon one who watches over	supervisor, guardian, bishop overseer, bishop	Used in v.7 as functionally synonymous with πρεσβύτερος in v.5 — describes the elder’s shepherding/watching function.	अध्यक्ष (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: risk of the term being heard through the lens of Nepal’s historic state-linked Hindu temple administrative hierarchy (e.g., a chief priest/mahant overseeing a shrine’s affairs, such as at Pashupatinath). Must be understood as a pastoral, shepherding function within the मण्डली (baseline church term), never a priestly or ritual-administrative office.
steward of God οἰκονόμον θεοῦ / oikonomon theou household-manager of God	one entrusted with managing God’s household/affairs steward of God, God’s steward	Emphasizes accountability and service, not personal ownership or status.	परमेश्वरको भण्डारे — Medium.
arrogant / self-willed αὐθάδη / authadē self-pleasing	stubborn, self-willed arrogant, self-willed	Part of a disqualifying vice-list.	स्वेच्छाचारी — Low.
quick-tempered ὀργίλον / orgilon prone to anger	irritable, easily angered quick-tempered	vice-list	रिसाहा — Low.
drunkard πάροινον / paroinon given to wine	addicted to wine drunkard, given to drink	vice-list	मद्यको लती — Low.
violent πλήκτην / plēktēn a striker	violent, quarrelsome to the point of blows violent, pugnacious	vice-list	हिंसक — Low.
greedy for gain αἰσχροκερδῆ / aischrokerdē shamefully-fond-of-gain	greedy, dishonestly profit-seeking greedy for gain, fond of dishonest gain	vice-list; directly relevant to the false-teacher critique of 1:11	अनुचित लाभको लोभी — Low-Medium.
hospitable φιλόξενον / philoxenon stranger-loving	welcoming to guests/strangers hospitable	virtue-list	पाहुनाप्रिय — Low.
lover of good φιλάγαθον / philagathon good-loving	one who loves what is good lover of good, one who loves what is good	virtue-list	असल कुराको प्रेमी — Low.
self-controlled σώφρονα / sōphrona see 2:12 self-control cluster	— self-controlled, sensible	virtue-list	संयमी (established, High).
upright δίκαιον / dikaion just	fair, righteous in conduct upright, just	virtue-list	धार्मिक — Medium (adjectival form of baseline धार्मिकता; never धर्मी used loosely without the established compound sense).
holy ὅσιον / hosion devout, pious	consecrated, devout holy, devout	virtue-list; distinct Greek word from ἅγιος (baseline “holy” = पवित्र) but overlapping sense	भक्तिपूर्ण or पवित्र — Medium, recommend पवित्र (baseline reuse) for consistency unless a distinct nuance from ἅγιος is pedagogically needed.
disciplined ἐγκρατῆ / egkratē self-mastered	disciplined, self-controlled disciplined, self-controlled	Part of the self-control cluster (see 2:12).	आत्मसंयमी (High, consistent with self-control cluster).
holding firm to the trustworthy word as taught ἀντεχόμενον τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν πιστοῦ λόγου holding fast to the faithful word according to the teaching	firm doctrinal adherence holding firm to the trustworthy word / sound instruction	—	सिकाइएको विश्वासयोग्य वचनलाई कसिलो गरी पक्रने — Medium.
sound doctrine τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ / tē didaskalia tē hygiainousē the healthy teaching	wholesome, correct doctrine sound doctrine, sound teaching	Central to the doctrine “Sound Doctrine and Good Works” — the elder’s core qualifying task is to teach and defend it.	स्वस्थ शिक्षा (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: सिद्धान्त (“doctrine/established system”) was considered and rejected here because in Nepali usage it strongly evokes a philosophical-system category (e.g., Vedanta सिद्धान्त, various Buddhist सिद्धान्त schools) — implying one system of thought among several, rather than the unique, health-giving apostolic teaching Titus describes. शिक्षा (“teaching/instruction”) avoids this “one system among many” framing.
rebuke those who contradict τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας ἐλέγχειν / tous antilegontas elegchein to reprove those speaking against	to refute opponents rebuke those who contradict it	—	विरोध गर्नेहरूलाई सुधार्नु — Medium.

1:10–16 — False Teachers and the Cretan Rebuke

This section anchors part of the doctrine “Avoiding Divisive Controversies” and provides the letter’s sharpest polemical language.

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
insubordinate/rebellious ἀνυπότακτοι / anypotaktoi not-subject-to	undisciplined, rebellious against authority insubordinate, rebellious	Direct negation of ὑποτάσσω — the false teachers embody the opposite of the “Submission to Authority” pattern the letter commends elsewhere.	अनाज्ञाकारी / विद्रोही (NEW, Medium), consistency-linked to the ὑποτάσσω Critical cluster.
empty talkers ματαιολόγοι / mataiologoi vain/empty speakers	idle talkers, speakers of empty words empty talkers, vain talkers	—	खाली बोली बोल्ने — Low.
deceivers φρεναπάται / phrenapatai mind-deceivers	those who deceive the mind/heart deceivers, mind-deceivers	—	छलकपटी — Low.
of the circumcision τῆς περιτομῆς / tēs peritomēs of the cutting-around	Jewish-background teachers insisting on circumcision/legal observance of the circumcision party, the circumcision group	Ties to the “Avoiding Divisive Controversies” doctrine — likely the same kind of Jewish-law-focused disputes addressed in 3:9’s “quarrels about the law.”	खतना समूहका — Low.
overturning whole households ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν / holous oikous anatrepousin upsetting entire houses	disrupting whole families/house-churches upsetting whole families, ruining whole households	—	सम्पूर्ण घरपरिवारलाई बिगार्ने — Low-Medium.
teaching for shameful gain διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν teaching what they ought not, for the sake of shameful gain	teaching false things for dishonest profit teaching for shameful gain, for the sake of dishonest profit	—	अनुचित लाभको निम्ति नसिकाउनुपर्ने कुरा सिकाउने — Low-Medium.
a prophet of their own ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης / idios autōn prophētēs their own prophet	a respected native poet/seer figure (the quotation is from the Cretan poet Epimenides) a prophet of their own, one of their own prophets	IMPORTANT NUANCE: this occurrence of προφήτης is Paul’s loose, ironic citation of a pagan Cretan literary figure, NOT the doctrinal category of baseline’s “prophet” (अगमवक्ता, God’s inspired spokesperson, part of the Inspiration of Scripture doctrine). Rendering this occurrence with the full weight of अगमवक्ता risks implying Paul affirms Epimenides as a genuine spokesperson of the true God.	तिनीहरूकै एक कवि/भविष्यवक्ता (NEW, Medium) — recommend NOT using अगमवक्ता here; use a lower-register term (कवि “poet” or भविष्यवक्ता “seer/soothsayer” in its generic, non-biblical sense) to preserve the doctrinal distinction.
testimony μαρτυρία / martyria witness, testimony	evidence, attestation testimony, witness	—	गवाही — Low.
Jewish myths μύθοις Ἰουδαϊκοῖς / mythois Ioudaikois Jewish fables	legendary/fabricated Jewish traditions Jewish myths, Jewish fables	Ties to “Avoiding Divisive Controversies,” parallel to 3:9’s genealogies.	यहूदी मनगढन्ते कथाहरू — Low-Medium.
commands of men who turn from the truth ἐντολαῖς ἀνθρώπων ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν commandments of men turning away from the truth	human-invented rules opposed to revealed truth commands of men who reject the truth	—	सत्यताबाट तर्किने मानिसहरूका आज्ञाहरू — Medium.
to the pure all things are pure τοῖς καθαροῖς πάντα καθαρά / tois katharois panta kathara to the clean, all things [are] clean	inward moral purity transcends external ritual-purity classifications to the pure all things are pure	Likely responding directly to the circumcision party’s ritual food/purity disputes: Paul relocates purity to the inward moral/conscience realm.	शुद्ध जनलाई सबै कुरा शुद्ध हुन्छ (NEW, High). GROUNDED RISK: शुद्ध itself carries Hindu/Buddhist ritual-purity connotations (ceremonial cleanliness, e.g. purity codes historically tied to caste status under the Muluki Ain). There is a real risk that a Nepali reader hears this verse as endorsing a ritual-purity framework rather than Paul’s actual point — that mere ritual/food-law purity is transcended by inward, conscience-level purity available through faith. Recommend an explicit translator/teaching note distinguishing “ritual purity” from “purity of conscience” at this verse specifically.
defiled μεμιαμμένοις / memiammenois polluted, stained	morally corrupted, defiled defiled, corrupted	—	अशुद्ध पारिएका — High (same collision as शुद्ध above, inverse case).
unbelieving ἀπίστοις / apistois faithless, without trust	unbelieving unbelieving	Built on the negation of baseline विश्वास.	अविश्वासी (baseline-consistent, Medium).
detestable βδελυκτοί / bdelyktoi abominable, disgusting	loathsome, repugnant detestable, abominable	—	घिनलाग्दो — Low.
disqualified ἀδόκιμοι / adokimoi failing the test, unapproved	rejected upon testing, unfit disqualified, unfit, worthless	Metallurgical-testing metaphor (metal that fails assay).	अयोग्य — Low-Medium.
profess to know God but deny him by works ὁμολογοῦσιν εἰδέναι τὸν θεόν τοῖς δὲ ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται they profess to know God, but by their works they deny [him]	outward claim of knowledge contradicted by conduct they profess to know God, but they deny him by their works	Sharp warning against hollow profession — connects to “Sound Doctrine and Good Works” doctrine (works must match confession).	तिनीहरूले परमेश्वरलाई चिनेको दाबी गर्छन् तर आफ्ना कामले उहाँलाई इन्कार गर्छन् — Medium.

Chapter 2 (Titus 2:1–10) — non-core section

Verses 2:11–15 are treated in Part 1 above (core passage). This section covers 2:1–10 only.

Anchors doctrines: “Sound Doctrine and Good Works,” “Submission to Authority,” “Grace That Trains for Godly Living” (preparatory household instructions before the grace-theology of 2:11-14).

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
what accords with sound doctrine ἃ πρέπει τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ what is fitting to the healthy teaching	what befits sound doctrine what accords with sound doctrine, what is proper for sound doctrine	Opens the chapter — every household instruction that follows is presented as the practical outworking of “sound doctrine” (स्वस्थ शिक्षा, established above).	स्वस्थ शिक्षासँग मिल्ने कुरा (High, consistent).
older men πρεσβύτας / presbytas elderly men	senior men (age-based, distinct from the office-term πρεσβύτερος) older men, aged men	NOTE: distinct word from πρεσβύτερος (church elder, 1:5) though built on the same root — an important disambiguation for translators.	वृद्ध पुरुष — Low, note explicit distinction from एल्डर (church-office elder).
sober-minded νηφαλίους / nēphalious temperate, not intoxicated	clear-headed, self-possessed sober-minded, temperate	—	होसियार / सचेत — Low.
dignified σεμνούς / semnous worthy of respect	respectable, dignified dignified, worthy of respect	—	गम्भीर / मर्यादित — Low.
sound in faith, love, endurance ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει τῇ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ὑπομονῇ healthy in faith, love, patient endurance	wholesome, robust faith/love/perseverance sound in faith, love, and steadfastness	Extends the “sound/healthy” (ὑγιαίνω) word-family from doctrine (1:9) to persons — sound doctrine produces sound character.	विश्वास, प्रेम र सहनशीलतामा स्वस्थ — Medium (reuses baseline विश्वास, High).
older women πρεσβύτιδας / presbytidas elderly women	senior women older women, aged women	—	वृद्ध स्त्री — Low.
reverent in behavior ἱεροπρεπεῖς / hieroprepeis fitting for a sacred person, priestess-like in demeanor	dignified as befits sacred service reverent in behavior, reverent in demeanor, as befits holy women	Etymologically related to ἱερός (sacred/temple); Paul applies temple-appropriate dignity to ordinary women’s everyday conduct, not to a priestly caste.	मर्यादित र गम्भीर आचरण भएका — Medium, avoid any rendering suggesting a priestly/ritual-office status.
not slanderers μὴ διαβόλους / mē diabolous not devil-like, not slanderous	not slanderers, not accusers not slanderers	IMPORTANT: same Greek word (διάβολος) used elsewhere in the NT as the proper name/title “the Devil, Satan.” Here it functions as a common noun (“slanderer”), not the title. Nepali rendering and any accompanying note must disambiguate these two uses so a reader does not think this verse is calling older women potentially satanic.	निन्दक नभएका — Medium (disambiguation note recommended).
not slaves to much wine μὴ οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας / mē oinō pollō dedoulōmenas not having been enslaved to much wine	not addicted to wine not slaves to much wine, not given to much wine	Reuses the δουλεύω/enslavement image tracked across the letter (3:3; 1:1).	धेरै मद्यको दास नभएका — Low-Medium.
teachers of good καλοδιδασκάλους / kalodidaskalous teachers of what is good	those who teach what is good, mentors in goodness teachers of good things, teachers of what is good	—	असल कुरा सिकाउने — Low.
train σωφρονίζωσιν / sōphronizōsin to make sound-minded, to bring to their senses	train, admonish, encourage self-control in another train, encourage, urge to be sensible	Same self-control root (σώφρων) applied here as a transitive, other-directed training verb — older women actively “training” younger women, echoing grace’s own “training” work in 2:12.	तालिम दिनु (High, consistent with the παιδεύω training cluster in 2:12).
loving their husbands φιλάνδρους / philandrous husband-loving	affectionate toward their husbands loving their husbands	—	पति-प्रेमी — Low.
loving their children φιλοτέκνους / philoteknous child-loving	affectionate toward their children loving their children	—	सन्तान-प्रेमी — Low.
working at home οἰκουργούς / oikourgous home-working	managing/working in the household working at home, keepers at home	Cultural-application note: the specific household-role instructions of this passage require careful native-speaker contextualization for contemporary application, without weakening the underlying character qualities (self-control, kindness, purity) the passage commends.	घरको काम गर्ने — Medium (application-sensitivity, native speaker review recommended; not itself a syncretism risk).
submissive to their own husbands ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν subjecting themselves to their own husbands	voluntary submission within marriage submissive to their own husbands, subject to their own husbands	Part of the ὑποτάσσω Critical cluster (see 3:1 above) — same caution regarding caste-hierarchy misreading applies; here in the domestic sphere specifically.	आफ्ना पतिको अधीनमा रहने (Critical, consistent with the ὑποτάσσω cluster).
so that the word of God may not be reviled ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ βλασφημῆται so that the word of God is not blasphemed/reviled	so the gospel’s reputation is not damaged by believers’ conduct so that the word of God may not be reviled/maligned	Here βλασφημέω is directed at “the word of God,” not at a person (contrast with 3:2’s use of the same verb) — a further context-sensitive occurrence of this verb requiring tracking.	परमेश्वरको वचनको निन्दा नहोस् — Medium (consistent context-sensitive tracking of βλασφημέω).
urge younger men to be self-controlled τοὺς νεωτέρους … παρακάλει σωφρονεῖν exhort the younger men to be sound-minded	encourage self-control among younger men urge the young men to be self-controlled	—	जोसिला जवानहरूलाई संयमी हुन उत्साहित पार — High (self-control cluster).
example / pattern τύπον / typon mold, pattern, model	model, example to imitate example, pattern, model	Titus himself is to embody the teaching.	नमूना — Low.
integrity ἀφθορίαν / aphthorian incorruptibility	soundness, purity of motive/conduct integrity, incorruptibility, purity	—	सत्यनिष्ठा / अक्षतता — Medium.
dignity σεμνότητα / semnotēta seriousness, gravity	dignity, seriousness dignity, seriousness	—	गम्भीरता — Low.
sound speech beyond reproach λόγον ὑγιῆ ἀκατάγνωστον healthy, uncondemnable speech	speech that gives opponents nothing to attack sound speech that cannot be condemned	Extends the ὑγιαίνω (“sound/healthy”) word-family a third time (doctrine, persons, now speech).	स्वस्थ र निर्दोष वचन (High, consistent).
slaves submit to their own masters δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι slaves, be subject to their own masters	literal first-century household slavery, addressed pastorally, not a general endorsement of the institution bondservants (or: slaves), be submissive to their own masters	This is literal, historical household slavery being addressed pastorally within its first-century context — distinct from the metaphorical “slaves to sin” of 3:3 and Paul’s own “slave of God” self-designation (1:1). Requires careful contextual framing to avoid implying scriptural endorsement of slavery as an institution, and connects to the ὑποτάσσω Critical cluster.	दासहरू आफ्ना मालिकको अधीनमा रहनुपर्छ (Critical, per ὑποτάσσω cluster; δεσπόταις rendered मालिक — Medium, note this is the correct term for a human household master and creates no conflict with baseline’s rejection of मालिक for κύριος/Lord, since the referent here is unambiguously human).
well-pleasing εὐαρέστους / euarestous fully pleasing	acceptable, pleasing well-pleasing, giving satisfaction	—	मनपर्दो — Low.
not talking back μὴ ἀντιλέγοντας / mē antilegontas not speaking against	not contradicting, not answering back not talking back, not contradicting	—	जवाफ नफर्काउने — Low.
not pilfering μὴ νοσφιζομένους / mē nosphizomenous not misappropriating	not stealing, not embezzling not pilfering, not stealing	—	नचोर्ने — Low.
showing all good faith πίστιν πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν demonstrating all good faith	full trustworthiness, complete faithfulness showing all good faith, being entirely trustworthy	Reuses baseline विश्वास root in a “faithfulness/trustworthiness” sense distinct from saving faith.	पूर्ण विश्वासयोग्यता देखाउने — Medium.
adorn the doctrine κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν / kosmōsin tēn didaskalian to beautify/adorn the teaching	to make the teaching attractive/credible through conduct adorn the doctrine, make the teaching attractive	Direct anchor for “Sound Doctrine and Good Works” — good conduct makes sound teaching visibly credible and attractive to outsiders.	शिक्षालाई सिँगार्ने / शिक्षामा शोभा थप्ने (NEW, High — doctrinally central, ties good works directly to the credibility of sound doctrine before a watching society).

Chapter 3 (Titus 3:9–15) — non-core section

Verses 3:1–8 are treated in Part 1 above (core passage). This section covers 3:9–15 only.

Anchors the doctrine “Avoiding Divisive Controversies” and closes the letter.

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Nepali Rendering & Risk
foolish controversies μωρὰς ζητήσεις / mōras zētēseis foolish seekings/inquiries	pointless speculative questions/disputes foolish controversies, foolish questions	Central term for “Avoiding Divisive Controversies.”	मूर्ख विवाद — Low-Medium.
genealogies γενεαλογίας / genealogias lineage-accounts	ancestral records, family-tree disputes genealogies	Likely connected to the same circumcision-party disputes of 1:10, 14 and parallel to 1 Timothy 1:4.	वंशावली — Low.
strife ἔρεις / ereis quarrels, contentions	disputes, rivalries strife, quarrels, dissensions	—	झगडा — Low.
quarrels about the law μάχας νομικάς / machas nomikas legal battles/fights	disputes over interpretation of the [Mosaic] Law quarrels about the law, legalistic controversies	Builds on baseline’s व्यवस्था (“law,” Mosaic Law) — disputes over legal minutiae rather than gospel substance.	व्यवस्थाका बारेमा झगडा (builds on baseline व्यवस्था, Medium).
avoid περιΐστασο / periistaso stand around/away from	steer clear of, shun avoid, have nothing to do with, steer clear of	—	टार्नु / बेवास्ता गर्नु — Low.
unprofitable and worthless ἀνωφελεῖς καὶ μάταιοι / anōpheleis kai mataioi unhelpful and empty	useless, futile unprofitable and worthless, useless and futile	Direct antonym-pairing with 3:8’s “profitable” (ὠφέλιμα) — a deliberate literary bracket contrasting sound teaching’s fruit with divisive controversy’s fruitlessness.	अलाभदायक र व्यर्थ — Low.
divisive person αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον / hairetikon anthrōpon a person given to factions/sects	one who causes division/sectarianism (root of English “heretic,” though the later creedal sense of “heresy” develops after the NT period) a divisive person, a factious man	Refers to a person who persistently causes factional division within the congregation, not (yet, in this letter’s usage) formal creedal heresy in the later technical sense — an important nuance for teaching.	विभाजनकारी व्यक्ति (NEW, Medium). Avoid rendering with a term implying formal doctrinal heresy-trial categories that postdate the NT.
after one or two warnings μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν after a first and second admonition	a limited, gracious process of correction before separation after a first and second warning	Models a measured, patient pastoral process, not an immediate harsh exclusion.	एक वा दुई पटक चेतावनी दिएपछि — Low.
reject / have nothing more to do with παραιτοῦ / paraitou refuse, decline, dismiss	reject, avoid, have done with reject him, have nothing more to do with him, avoid him	—	त्याग्नु — Low.
warped / self-condemned ἐξέστραπται … αὐτοκατάκριτος / exestraptai … autokatakritos has been turned inside-out … self-condemned	perverted in judgment; condemned by his own conduct/conscience he is warped and sinful; he is self-condemned	—	तर्किएको र आफैं दोषी ठहरिएको — Low-Medium.
send / help on the way προπέμψον / propempson send forward, escort	equip and send off with provisions/support send, help on their way	Practical, tangible fellowship support for gospel co-workers — ties to baseline’s Christian Fellowship doctrine (सहभागिता).	पठाउनु / यात्रामा सहायता गर्नु — Low.
fruit / unfruitful καρπὸν … ἄκαρποι / karpon … akarpoi fruit … fruitless	productive result … barren, unproductive fruit … unfruitful	Closing metaphor for good works as the necessary “fruit” of genuine faith — final restatement of the “Sound Doctrine and Good Works” theme that frames the entire letter.	फल … निष्फल — Low-Medium, ties to established असल काम (High) theme.

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Summary of Full-Book Coverage

• Chapter 1 (1:1–16): salutation, apostleship, election, knowledge of truth, godliness, elder qualifications (vice/virtue lists), sound doctrine, false teachers, the Cretan-poet “prophet” nuance, ritual-vs-moral purity risk.
• Chapter 2 (2:1–10, non-core): household instructions for older men/women, younger women/men, slaves; sound-doctrine/self-control/submission clusters; adorning sound doctrine with good works. (2:11–15 treated in the core passage above.)
• Chapter 3 (3:1–8 core passage above; 3:9–15 non-core): submission to civic authority, pre-conversion vice list, grace/mercy/regeneration/renewal/justification/heirship, closing instructions on avoiding divisive controversy, final greetings.

No chapter of Titus is omitted from analysis; every chapter contributes load-bearing theological vocabulary directly relevant to the seven assigned curriculum doctrines.