Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Revelation | English → Nepali
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Revelation (chapters 1–22), into a single per-term reference table for Phase 2 translation memory seeding. It extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Where a term is already fixed by the baseline, this glossary records it as REUSED with its exact established Nepali rendering and does not re-derive it. New terms specific to Revelation’s subject matter are analyzed in full, using the same risk framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) as the baseline.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Change Permitted)
| English Term | Nepali Rendering | Risk (per baseline) | Key Revelation Passages |
|---|---|---|---|
| God | परमेश्वर | Critical | Throughout |
| Lord | प्रभु | Critical | 1:8; 4:8; 11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21 |
| Jesus | येशू | Critical | 1:1,5,9; 22:16,20-21 |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1:4,10; 2:7,11,17,29; 3:6,13,22; 22:17 |
| Holy | पवित्र | High | 21:2,10,27; 22:11,19 |
| Saints | पवित्र जन | High | 5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9 |
| Faith / Faithful | विश्वास / विश्वासयोग्य | High | 2:10,13,19; 13:10; 14:12; 17:14; 21:5 (adj. sense); 19:11 |
| Grace | अनुग्रह | High | 1:4; 22:21 |
| Salvation | उद्धार | Critical | 7:10; 12:10; 19:1 |
| Righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 19:8 (see also दोर्मी काम distinction below) |
| Imputed Righteousness | आरोपित धार्मिकता | Critical | (background doctrine for 19:8 distinction) |
| Resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 20:5-6 (“first resurrection”) |
| Glory | महिमा | High | 1:6; 4:9,11; 5:12-13; 7:12; 19:1,7; 21:11,23-24,26 |
| Church | मण्डली | Medium | 1:4,11,20; 2:1-3:22 (each of the seven churches); 22:16 |
| Kingdom of God | परमेश्वरको राज्य | Medium (High in Revelation’s climactic usage — see Section 2) | 1:9; 11:15; 12:10 |
| Covenant | करार | High | (background doctrine for Davidic Covenant references, e.g. 22:16) |
| Gentiles / Nations | अन्यजाति | Medium | 2:26; 11:2,18; 12:5; 14:8; 15:3-4; 18:3,23; 19:15; 20:3,8; 21:24,26; 22:2 |
| David | दाऊद | Medium | 3:7; 5:5; 22:16 |
| Israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 2:14; 7:4; 21:12 |
| Prophet | अगमवक्ता | Low | 10:7; 11:10,18; 16:6; 18:20,24; 22:6,9 |
| Prophecy | अगमवाणी | Low | 1:3; 19:10; 22:7,10,18-19 |
| Amen | आमेन | (transliteration, Low) | 1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21 |
| Hallelujah | हल्लेलूयाह | (transliteration, Low) | 19:1,3,4,6 |
| Abba / Father | अब्बा / पिता | Medium / Critical | (background doctrine for divine Fatherhood in 21:7’s sonship language) |
| Adoption | दत्तक पुत्रता | High | (background doctrine for 21:7 “he will be my son”) |
| Apostle | प्रेरित | Medium | 18:20; 21:14 |
| Called / Calling | बोलाइएका / बोलावट | High | 17:14; 19:9 |
Section 2 — New Revelation-Specific Terms (Full Glossary Entries)
| Term (Eng.) | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamb | ἀρνίον | arnion | ”little lamb” | थुमा | Critical | Worship of the Lamb; Return and Reign of Christ | 5:6-14; 6:1,16; 7:9-17; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1-10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7,9; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3 | Never allow conflation with Nepal’s living paśu-bali (animal sacrifice) tradition (Dakshinkali, Gadhimai). Christ is the once-for-all self-offered, now-reigning sacrifice, not a repeated propitiatory offering. |
| Worship | προσκυνέω | proskyneō | ”to prostrate before, worship” | आराधना गर्नु | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 9:20; 11:16; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 15:4; 16:2; 19:4,10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9 | NEVER पूजा (Hindu/Buddhist ritual offering-worship). Must preserve the text’s own true-worship/false-worship contrast, applied consistently to both legitimate and illegitimate objects of worship in the text. |
| Throne | θρόνος | thronos | ”seat of rule/authority” | सिंहासन | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:4; 3:21; 4:2-11; 5:1-13; 7:9-17; 12:5; 14:3; 16:10,17; 19:4-5; 20:4,11; 21:3,5; 22:1,3 | Same word historically used for the Nepali royal throne (Shah dynasty, avatar-legitimated, ended 2008). Must always be anchored explicitly to God’s/the Lamb’s unique heavenly throne. |
| Almighty | παντοκράτωρ | pantokratōr | ”ruler/possessor of all power” | सर्वसामर्थी | Critical | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22 | Deliberate deviation from the common Nepali सर्वशक्तिमान् (contains शक्ति root, forbidden in baseline power_of_god entry due to Newar Tantric Shakti/Kumari cult). Requires theologian sign-off before Phase 2 memory update. |
| Dragon / Ancient Serpent | δράκων / ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος | drakōn / ophis ho archaios | ”dragon-monster” / “the ancient serpent” | अजिङ्गर / प्राचीन सर्प | High | Sovereignty of God; Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | 12:3-17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2,10 | Nepali nāga (सर्प/नाग) veneration is largely benevolent-guardian in folk religion (Nāg Pañchamī). Must repeatedly and explicitly clarify this figure is evil, defeated, and personal — not a benevolent nāga spirit. |
| Satan / Devil | Σατανᾶς / διάβολος | Satanas / diabolos | ”adversary” / “slanderer” | शैतान / दियाबल (अभियोक्ता) | High | Sovereignty of God; Final Victory over Evil | 2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9-12; 20:2,7,10 | Consistently a single, personal, defeated evil being — not a deity’s “dark aspect,” not impersonal chaos. |
| Wrath (of God / of the Lamb) | ὀργή / θυμός | orgē / thymos | ”anger, wrath” | रीस / क्रोध | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 6:16-17; 11:18; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15 | Must not be assimilated to Nepal’s Tantric wrathful deity-forms (Bhairab, Kālī) as one alternating aspect of deity; this is the one God’s righteous, judicial, and morally consistent response to sin. |
| New Heaven / New Earth | καινός (οὐρανός/γῆ) | kainos | ”qualitatively new” | नयाँ आकाश, नयाँ पृथ्वी | Critical | New Heaven and New Earth | 21:1,5 | Must not be assimilated to Hindu cyclical cosmology (kalpa, sṛṣṭi-pralaya, repeated cosmic destruction/re-creation). Final, linear, one-time consummation. |
| Water of Life / Tree of Life | ὕδωρ/ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς | hydōr/xylon tēs zōēs | ”water/tree of life” | जीवनको पानी / जीवनको रूख | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Grace | 2:7; 21:6; 22:1-2,14,19 | Risk of assimilation to Hindu अमृत (amṛta, nectar of immortality from Samudra Manthan). Freely given by a personal God, not a scarce substance seized through cosmic contest. |
| Second Death / Lake of Fire | θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος / λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | thanatos ho deuteros / limnē tou pyros | ”second death” / “lake of fire” | दोस्रो मृत्यु / आगोको कुण्ड | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | 2:11; 20:6,10,14-15; 21:8 | Final, irreversible destiny. Distinguish from Hindu/Buddhist नरक (naraka), a temporary way-station within an ongoing rebirth cycle. Negative pole of baseline’s Critical salvation (उद्धार) dual-front distinction. |
| Bride / Marriage of the Lamb | νύμφη / γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | nymphē / gamos tou arniou | ”bride” / “marriage of the Lamb” | दुलही / थुमाको विवाह भोज | High | Church as Bride of Christ | 19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17 | Guard against reduction to romantic sentiment or Nepali arranged-marriage/dowry social frames; this is corporate, covenantal union of the whole redeemed community with Christ. |
| King of Kings, Lord of Lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων, κύριος κυρίων | basileus basileōn, kyrios kyriōn | ”king over kings, lord over lords” | राजाहरूका राजा, प्रभुहरूका प्रभु | Critical | Lordship/Return and Reign of Christ | 17:14; 19:16 | Extends baseline’s Critical lordship_of_christ doctrine. Zero softening given Nepal’s own history of avatar-legitimated monarchy (ended 2008). |
| Faithful and True | πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός | pistos kai alēthinos | ”faithful/trustworthy and true/genuine” | विश्वासनीय र सत्य | High | Sovereignty of God; Judgment | 19:11; 21:5 (of God’s words) | ἀληθινός functions polemically throughout Revelation against every religious/political counterfeit; must not be flattened to mere “accurate.” |
| Overcome / Conquer | νικάω | nikaō | ”to conquer, be victorious” | विजयी हुनु / जय गर्नु | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness; Assurance of Final Victory | 2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 5:5; 12:11; 17:14; 21:7 | Victory secured through Christ’s own finished work and the Spirit, appropriated by faith — never self-generated merit or willpower. |
| Tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | ”pressure, affliction” | क्लेश / सङ्कष्ट | High | Perseverance under Persecution | 1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14 | Must not collapse into Buddhist दुःख (dukkha, the First Noble Truth’s claim about the inherent nature of existence). Historically located, time-bound suffering with a guaranteed end. |
| Testimony / Witness (Martyr) | μαρτυρία / μάρτυς | martyria / martys | ”testimony” / “witness” | गवाही / साक्षी | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | 1:2,9; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4 | Carries real, current weight for a Nepali audience given the church’s recent illegal/underground history and live legal restriction on conversion/proclamation (2017 Muluki Criminal Code). |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | ”hidden thing now disclosed” | रहस्य | High | Sovereignty of God; Inspiration of Scripture | 1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7 | Must not import Tantric Hindu/Vajrayāna Buddhist esoteric initiatory-secret frame; biblical mystery is disclosed openly to all believers, not restricted to a spiritual elite. |
| Beast | θηρίον | thērion | ”wild animal, monstrous beast” | पशु | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked | 11:7; 13:1-18; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2,10,13; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10 | Risk of lexical overlap with paśu bali (animal sacrifice) vocabulary; context must keep it as symbolic monstrous power, deliberately contrasted with the true Lamb (थुमा). |
| Mark of the Beast | χάραγμα | charagma | ”stamp, brand” | छाप | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked | 13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4 | Keep lexically distinct from God’s protective seal (see below); coerced allegiance vs. divine ownership must remain visually distinguishable in Nepali text. |
| Seal (of God) | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω | sphragis / sphragizō | ”seal, to seal” | मुद्रा / मुद्रा लगाउनु | Medium | Sovereignty of God; Assurance | 5:1-9; 6:1-12; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4; 20:3 | Recommend मुद्रा (not छाप) to preserve the seal/mark contrast noted above. |
| Almighty-adjacent: Alpha and Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ | Alpha kai Ō | letters A and Ω | अल्फा र ओमेगा | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:8; 21:6; 22:13 | Transliterate per the baseline’s Abba precedent; requires a brief explanatory gloss since Nepali readers do not use the Greek alphabet. |
| Who Is, Was, and Is to Come | ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος | ho ōn kai ho ēn kai ho erchomenos | ”the one being, having been, and coming” | जो हुनुहुन्छ, जो हुनुहुन्थ्यो, र जो आउनुहुनेछ | High | Sovereignty of God over History | 1:4,8; 4:8 | Guard against cyclical-time cosmology; God stands over history, not within a repeating cycle. |
| Free Gift (freely given) | δωρεάν | dōrean | ”freely, without cost” | सित्तैमा / निःशुल्क | High | Grace | 21:6; 22:17 | Must be tied explicitly to अनुग्रह (baseline grace doctrine) so the merit-free gift contrast is not lost to a merely commercial “free of charge” reading. |
| Righteous Acts / Deeds (of the saints) | δικαιώματα | dikaiōmata | ”righteous deeds, just acts” | पवित्र जनका धर्मी कामहरू | Medium-High | Vindication of the Saints; (contrast with) Justification | 19:8 | Sharply distinguish from धार्मिकता (forensic status by faith) and आरोपित धार्मिकता (imputed righteousness) — these are visible fruits, not the ground of acceptance. |
| Judged According to Works | κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα | krinō kata ta erga | ”judged according to deeds” | आफ्ना कामअनुसार इन्साफ गरिनु | High | Judgment of the Wicked; (contrast with) Justification | 20:12-13 | Evaluative evidence of relationship to Christ, not a parallel ground of acceptance alongside justification by faith. Flag for mandatory theologian review. |
| No Temple (God/Lamb as Temple) | οὐ ναὸν εἶδον | ou naon eidon | ”I saw no temple” | मन्दिर देखिनँ | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Worship | 21:22 | Direct reversal of temple-centered religion given Nepal’s temple-saturated religious landscape; unmediated divine presence, not a devaluation of corporate मण्डली worship. |
| See His Face | ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ | opsontai to prosōpon autou | ”they will see his face” | तिनीहरूले उहाँको मुहार देख्नेछन् | Medium-High | New Heaven and New Earth | 22:4 | Intimate, personal, relational communion — not visual mysticism or self-dissolution/absorption into the divine. |
| Reign Forever | βασιλεύσουσιν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας | basileusousin eis tous aiōnas | ”they will reign forever” | तिनीहरूले सदासर्वदा राज्य गर्नेछन् | High | Return and Reign of Christ | 22:5 | Believers share, by grace, in Christ’s reign — not personal deification or attainment of independent divine status. |
| Worship of Angel Forbidden | (μή· τῷ θεῷ προσκύνησον) | mē; tō theō proskynēson | ”Do not!; Worship God!” | उहाँलाई पूजा नगर्नु; परमेश्वरको आराधना गर, [wording: पूजा used only to name the forbidden act; the command itself uses आराधना] | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | 19:10; 22:8-9 | The text’s own explicit boundary between legitimate worship (God/Lamb alone) and illegitimate worship of any created being — vital given veneration of gurus, saints, and living deity-figures (e.g., Kumari) in dominant Nepali traditions. |
| Coming Soon / Come, Lord Jesus | Ἔρχομαι ταχύ / Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | Erchomai tachy / Erchou, Kyrie Iēsou | ”I am coming quickly” / “Come, Lord Jesus” | म चाँडै आउनेछु / आउनुहोस्, प्रभु येशू | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | 22:7,12,17,20 | Climactic eschatological hope; reuses Critical baseline Lord/Jesus terms; must never be softened or qualified. |
| Everlasting Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | euangelion aiōnion | ”eternal good news” | अनन्त सुसमाचार | High | Gospel; Sovereignty of God over History | 14:6 | Extends baseline’s High-risk gospel entry; final, unchanging, not superseded by any later revelation. |
| Sorcerer / Idolater | φαρμακός / εἰδωλολάτρης | pharmakos / eidōlolatrēs | ”sorcerer/magic-practitioner” / “idol-worshiper” | तन्त्र-मन्त्र गर्ने (जादूगर) / मूर्तिपूजक | High | Judgment of the Wicked | 21:8; 22:15 | Requires careful pastoral framing given Nepal’s living Tantric ritual-magic and murti-veneration traditions; condemns misplaced/occult power and worship, not Nepali cultural practice as an ethnographic category. |
| Priests (believers as) | ἱερεῖς | hiereis | ”priests” | पुजारी (contextually reframed) | Medium | Kingdom Mission; Worship | 1:6; 5:10; 20:6 | पुजारी is the ordinary word for a Hindu temple priest/Brahmin caste role; must be reframed as every believer’s direct, non-hierarchical priestly access to God, notable given caste-linked priestly hierarchy in Nepali society. |
| Elders (24) | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | ”elders” | प्राचीनहरू | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | 4:4,10; 5:6,8,11,14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4 | Avoid गुरु-based renderings; गुरु carries strong Hindu/Buddhist devotional-veneration weight distinct from this term’s sense. |
| Abyss | ἄβυσσος | abyssos | ”the bottomless pit” | अगाध खाल्डो / पातालको खाडल | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked; Sovereignty of God | 9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3 | Keep terminologically distinct from Ἅδης and from the lake of fire — three distinct apocalyptic “places,” not one generic hell. |
| Death and Hades (personified) | Θάνατος καὶ Ἅδης | Thanatos kai Hadēs | ”Death and Hades” | मृत्यु र पाताल | Medium | Judgment; Sovereignty of God | 1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14 | Transliterate/gloss Ἅδης (पाताल) distinctly from any single specific Hindu/Buddhist cosmological realm-name. |
| Babylon the Great | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Babylōn hē megalē | ”Babylon the great” | महान बेबिलोन | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21 | Symbolic of any anti-God system, not restricted to the ancient city or pointed at a specific modern nation. |
| Harlot / Prostitute | πόρνη | pornē | ”prostitute” | वेश्या | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked | 17:1,5,15-16; 19:2 | Corporate/systemic symbolic image; frame pastorally to avoid appearing to target individual women. |
| 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades | ”144,000” | एक लाख चवालिस हजार | Low-Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 7:4-8; 14:1,3 | Symbolic completeness figure (12×12×1000); note against over-literalizing per apocalyptic-genre convention. |
| Number 666 | ἀριθμὸς ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ | arithmos hexakosioi hexēkonta hex | ”the number 666” | ६६६ | Low-Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 13:18 | Symbolic (gematria) number, not a literal identifying digit-string; Arabic numerals per citation convention. |
| Michael | Μιχαήλ | Michaēl | proper name | मीखाएल | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 12:7 | Established proper-name form. |
| Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών | Harmagedōn | proper name/place | आर्मागेडोन | Low-Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 16:16 | Symbolic staging-ground for final conflict per apocalyptic-genre convention; not necessarily a literal battlefield only. |
| Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Gōg kai Magōg | proper names | गोग र मागोग | Low | Sovereignty of God over History | 20:8 | Established transliterated proper-name form. |
| Tabernacle / Dwell (God with man) | σκηνή / σκηνόω | skēnē / skēnoō | ”tent” / “to tabernacle, dwell” | वास गर्ने ठाउँ / बास बस्नुहुनेछ | High | New Heaven and New Earth; Incarnation (echo) | 15:5; 21:3 | Never मन्दिर (Hindu temple) or गुम्बा (Buddhist monastery); permanent, unmediated divine co-residence with ordinary people. |
| Righteousness Language Sub-set: Judgment/Judge | κρίμα / κρίνω | krima / krinō | ”judgment” / “to judge” | इन्साफ / न्याय गर्नु | Medium-High | Judgment of the Wicked; (contrast with) Justification | 18:8,10,20; 19:2,11; 20:12-13 | Distinct from धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य (justification); this is the negative courtroom verdict against unrepented evil, not a synonym for justification. |
Section 3 — Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count of New Revelation Terms | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 20 | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 7 | Human theologian (recommended) / Native speaker minimum |
| Medium | 8 | Native speaker review |
| Low-Medium | 4 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 6 | Automated review |
Total new Revelation-specific terms catalogued: 56 (in addition to the 24 baseline Romans terms reused exactly, per Section 1).
Section 4 — Required Extensions to Phase 2 Enforcement Rules
The following forbidden-substitution rules extend the baseline’s existing list and must be added to the AI Translation Requirements (12_ai_translation_requirements.md) for this curriculum:
- Lamb: NEVER render ἀρνίον with vocabulary implying a repeated, worshipper-offered propitiatory sacrifice (paśu-bali framing) — always थुमा, framed as Christ’s own once-for-all, victorious, now-reigning self-offering.
- Worship: NEVER use पूजा for προσκυνέω in any context (true or false worship) — always आराधना गर्नु, preserving the text’s own worship-contest structure.
- Almighty: NEVER use सर्वशक्तिमान् for παντοκράτωρ — always सर्वसामर्थी, consistent with baseline’s power_of_god (सामर्थ्य, never शक्ति) principle.
- Second Death / Lake of Fire: NEVER frame as a temporary or repeatable punishment-stage (नरक-cycle framing) — always a final, irreversible destiny, consistent with baseline’s dual-front उद्धार distinction.
- New Heaven/New Earth: NEVER frame with language suggesting a repeating cosmic cycle (kalpa/sṛṣṭi-pralaya) — always a final, linear, one-time consummation.
- Mystery: NEVER frame μυστήριον as privileged esoteric/initiatory knowledge — always previously hidden truth now openly disclosed to all believers.
- Mark of the Beast vs. Seal of God: NEVER use the same Nepali word for both χάραγμα (beast’s mark, छाप) and σφραγίς (God’s seal, मुद्रा) — maintain the lexical distinction consistently across all occurrences.
- King of Kings, Lord of Lords: NEVER qualify or soften Christ’s supremacy claim in 17:14/19:16, given Nepal’s own avatar-monarchy history.
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) before any Phase 2 segment translation of Revelation begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity and Supremacy of God
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Revelation’s throne-room visions (chs. 4-5, 21-22) make this the single most repeated term in the book; never भगवान given Nepal’s history as a constitutional Hindu Kingdom until 2007.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship and Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applied to God and to Christ throughout Revelation’s worship scenes and in the climactic title ‘Lord of lords’ (17:14; 19:16).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship and Return of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Speaker of the book’s closing promise (22:16,20).
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited transliteration standard from Romans package (12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration table). Used throughout as part of Jesus’ full title and distinct from मसीह, which carries the specific fulfilled-Old-Testament-promise sense.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Addresses the seven churches (chs. 2-3) and speaks with the Bride (22:17).
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background for the covenant sonship formula fulfilled at 21:7.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never पुनर्जन्म. Applies to the ‘first resurrection’ (20:5-6) and must not be misread as one cycle within Hindu/Buddhist rebirth doctrine or the Himalayan tulku tradition.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation and Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Celebrated in the heavenly liturgy (7:10; 12:10; 19:1); dual-front distinction against both Hindu and Buddhist frameworks.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikata
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background doctrine against which the ‘righteous acts of the saints’ (19:8) must be distinguished.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य
Transliteration: dharmi thahraine karya
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: माफी पाउने कार्य
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Kept conceptually distinct from κρίμα/κρίνω (God’s negative courtroom verdict against evil, 18:8-20; 19:2,11; 20:12-13), which is not a synonym for justification.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: aropit dharmikata
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: आर्जित धार्मिकता
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Must never be confused with the ‘righteous acts of the saints’ (19:8), which are visible fruits, not the ground of acceptance.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to Christ’s titles throughout Revelation (e.g., ‘Root of David,’ 22:16).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadharan
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ (background)
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never अवतार. Background echo behind ‘the Word of God’ title at 19:13 (cf. John 1:1,14).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरका पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameshwarka Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुत्र
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Christ’s eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship (2:18). Must NEVER be applied in this exact form to believers’ derivative sonship at 21:7 (see sonship_of_believers).
Worship General Baseline Note
Approved rendering: आराधना गर्नु
Transliteration: aradhana garnu
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Cross-reference note: Nepali Christian worship vocabulary is established across the Romans package’s usage register; see the dedicated ‘worship’ entry below for full Revelation-specific treatment of προσκυνέω.
Almighty
Approved rendering: सर्वसामर्थी
Transliteration: sarvasamarthi
Doctrine: Deity and Supremacy of God
Rejected alternatives: सर्वशक्तिमान्
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
CRITICAL: deliberate deviation from common Nepali usage. NEVER सर्वशक्तिमान् (contains शक्ति root, forbidden under baseline power_of_god). Built on the baseline-approved सामर्थ्य root. Renders παντοκράτωρ (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22). Requires theologian sign-off on every occurrence.
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: नयाँ आकाश, नयाँ पृथ्वी
Transliteration: kainos ouranos kai kainē gē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL, CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:1,5). Never framed with language suggesting a repeating cosmic cycle (kalpa/sṛṣṭि-pralaya, sṛṣṭi presided over by Brahmā). Final, linear, one-time consummation.
Second Death And Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: दोस्रो मृत्यु / आगोको कुण्ड
Transliteration: thanatos ho deuteros / limnē tou pyros
Doctrine: Second Death and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: नरक
Original: θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος / λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
CRITICAL, CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:8; also 2:11; 20:6,10,14-15; 22:15). NEVER नरक (a temporary, purgatorial rebirth-cycle way-station in Hindu/Buddhist frameworks). Final, single, irreversible destiny — negative pole of the salvation dual-front distinction.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: राजाहरूका राजा र प्रभुहरूका प्रभु
Transliteration: basileus basileōn kai kyrios kyriōn
Doctrine: Lordship and Return of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
CRITICAL (17:14; 19:16). Zero softening given Nepal’s own avatar-legitimated monarchy (Shah dynasty, ended 2008); Christ is the singular, supreme sovereign, not a great king among legitimate others.
Lamb
Approved rendering: थुमा
Transliteration: arnion
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
CRITICAL. Never conflated with Nepal’s living paśu-bali (animal sacrifice) tradition (Dakshinkali, Gadhimai festival). Christ’s once-for-all, voluntary, victorious self-offering, now reigning and receiving worship (5:6-14; 12:11; 13:8; 17:14; 21:9,14,22-23,27; 22:1,3, latter within/adjacent to CORE PASSAGE).
Worship
Approved rendering: आराधना गर्नु
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: पूजा
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
CRITICAL. NEVER पूजा under any circumstance, for either true or false worship contexts (4:10; 5:14; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:9,11; 19:4,10; 22:8-9). Preserves the text’s own worship-contest structure.
Worship Of Angel Forbidden
Approved rendering: उहाँलाई पूजा नगर, परमेश्वरको आराधना गर
Transliteration: mē; tō theō proskynēson
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
Original: μή· τῷ θεῷ προσκύνησον
Category: Worship
The text’s own explicit boundary-marker (19:10; 22:8-9) between legitimate worship (God/Lamb alone) and illegitimate worship of any created being — vital given veneration of gurus, saints, and the Kumari in dominant Nepali tradition.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: म चाँडै आउनेछु / आउनुहोस्, प्रभु येशू
Transliteration: Erchomai tachy / Erchou, Kyrie Iēsou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Ἔρχομαι ταχύ / Ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Eschatology
The climactic expression of the book’s eschatological hope (22:7,12,17,20); must never be softened or qualified.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applied to the holy city (21:2,10,27) and to God’s own thrice-repeated character (4:8).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: सन्त, साधु
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never सन्त or साधु, given the sadhu/ascetic ideal honored at Nepal’s national shrines.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaran
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background doctrine to the holiness of the redeemed community in the New Jerusalem.
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्रता
Transliteration: dattak putrata
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ (believers’ derivative sonship)
Rejected alternatives: धर्मपुत्र बनाउने, गोद लिने
Original: υἱοθεσία (background)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Fulfilled in the overcomer’s inheritance at 21:7; guards against a lower-status reading shaped by Nepal’s caste-linked social hierarchy.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith and the Faithfulness of God’s Words
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Commended repeatedly among the seven churches (2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12).
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace (Freely Given, Not Earned)
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, पुण्य, भाग्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) the entire book; must be tied to सित्तैमा/free_gift so the merit-free contrast carries through Revelation’s climax.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Ascribed repeatedly in worship scenes and filling the new Jerusalem (21:11,23-24,26).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको राज्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko Rajya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission Consummated
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Kingdom
Inherited rendering from Romans package (परमेश्वरको राज्य); risk RAISED to High in Revelation given the climactic, decisive-victory framing at 11:15 (‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord’), in contrast to Romans’ more general framing.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karar
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant (background)
Rejected alternatives: सम्झौता
Original: διαθήκη (background)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies the Davidic and New Jerusalem promises invoked at 22:16.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलाइएका
Transliteration: bolaieka
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Those summoned to be with the Lamb (17:14) and to the marriage supper (19:9).
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावट
Transliteration: bolawat
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: κλῆσις (background)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background doctrine underlying the called/chosen/faithful triad of 17:14.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Rejected alternatives: अकुशल कर्म
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies Babylon’s ‘sins’ (18:4-5) and the exclusion list of 21:8; 22:15. Never अकुशल कर्म.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavastha
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked (background)
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background vocabulary for ‘commandments of God’ paired with faith in 14:12. Never धर्म.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko samarthya
Doctrine: Deity and Supremacy of God
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Root (सामर्थ्य) forms the basis of the required Revelation-specific coinage सर्वसामर्थी for παντοκράτωρ; never शक्ति, given the Newar Tantric Shakti/Kumari cult.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको छनोट
Transliteration: Parameshwarko chhanot
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History (background)
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to ‘called, chosen, and faithful’ (17:14).
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको व्यवस्थापन
Transliteration: Parameshwarko vyavasthapan
Doctrine: Providence and Restraint of Evil
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्मको नियम
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Governs God’s sovereign restraint and timing of evil (7:1-3; 9:1-11; 20:1-3,7); never भाग्य or an impersonal law of karma.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासको आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: vishwasko agyakarita
Doctrine: Faith and the Faithfulness of God’s Words
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य पालन
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies 14:12’s pairing of ‘keeping the commandments of God’ with ‘faith in Jesus’ — obedience flowing from faith, not earning it.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदको वंश
Transliteration: Daudko vansha
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant (background)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to ‘the Root and the Offspring of David’ (22:16).
Who Is Was And Is To Come
Approved rendering: जो हुनुहुन्छ, जो हुनुहुन्थ्यो, र जो आउनुहुनेछ
Transliteration: ho ōn kai ho ēn kai ho erchomenos
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: God
Full clause required (1:4,8; 4:8); a compressed rendering would erase the threefold-tense doctrinal point. Must be taught as linear sovereignty over history, never one phase of Hindu cyclical cosmology (kalpa, sṛṣṭi-pralaya).
Throne
Approved rendering: सिंहासन
Transliteration: simhasan
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
Same word historically used for the Shah-dynasty royal throne, occupied by kings venerated as living avatars of Vishnu until 2008. Every occurrence (chs. 4-5; 20:11; 21:3,5; 22:1,3) must be textually anchored to God’s/the Lamb’s unique heavenly throne.
Wrath
Approved rendering: रीस / क्रोध
Transliteration: ris / krodh
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: ὀργή / θυμός
Category: God
God’s/the Lamb’s righteous, judicial anger (6:16-17; 14:10,19; 16:1,19; 19:15). Must not be assimilated to Nepal’s Tantric wrathful deity-forms (Bhairab, Kālī) as an alternating aspect of a benevolent deity, nor to impersonal karmic retribution.
Water And Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनको पानी / जीवनको रूख
Transliteration: hydōr/xylon tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὕδωρ/ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:6; also 2:7; 22:1-2,14,19). Collision risk with Hindu अमृत (nectar of immortality from Samudra Manthan). Must always be paired with सित्तैमा/निःशुल्क and अनुग्रह — freely given by a personal God, not seized through cosmic contest.
Free Gift
Approved rendering: सित्तैमा / निःशुल्क
Transliteration: dōrean
Doctrine: Grace (Freely Given, Not Earned)
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:6; also 22:17). By itself reads as merely commercial ‘free of charge’; must be explicitly tied to अनुग्रह so the merit-free contrast against karma-merit accounting carries through.
Sonship Of Believers
Approved rendering: पुत्र
Transliteration: huios
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ (believers’ derivative sonship)
Original: υἱός
Category: Christology
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:7, ‘he will be my son’). Must be kept in register distinct from परमेश्वरका पुत्र (Christ’s unique Sonship); reinforces, but must not duplicate, दत्तक पुत्रता (adoption).
Bride And Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: दुलही / थुमाको विवाह भोज
Transliteration: nymphē / gamos tou arniou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη / γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:2,9; also 19:7-9; 22:17). दुलही carries strong Nepali marriage-custom weight (dowry, family-negotiated union, in-law hierarchy); must be taught as Christ’s own covenantal initiative and costly purchase of a corporate people, not a social/transactional arrangement.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको वचन
Transliteration: ho Logos tou Theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
A Christological title (19:13) echoing John 1:1,14’s incarnation language. Must retain full deity-of-Christ force, not a lesser ‘word’ or teaching-figure sense.
Faithful And True
Approved rendering: विश्वासनीय र सत्य
Transliteration: pistos kai alēthinos
Doctrine: Faith and the Faithfulness of God’s Words
Original: πιστὸς καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
A title for Christ (19:11) and God’s own words (21:5, CORE PASSAGE). Functions polemically against every religious/political counterfeit; must not be flattened to mere accuracy.
Overcome
Approved rendering: विजयी हुनु / जय गर्नु
Transliteration: nikaō
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: νικάω
Category: Faith
Sevenfold refrain (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21) culminating at 21:7 (CORE PASSAGE). Victory secured through Christ’s finished work and the Spirit, appropriated by faith — never self-generated willpower or accumulating merit.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: क्लेश / महासङ्कष्ट
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Faith
Pressure/affliction (1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14). Must not collapse into Buddhist दुःख (dukkha, First Noble Truth); specific, time-bound suffering with a guaranteed end and vindication.
Testimony
Approved rendering: गवाही / साक्षी
Transliteration: martyria / martys
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Costly Testimony
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Faith
Carries current, not merely historical, weight given the church’s illegal/underground history until 1990 and the 2017 Muluki Criminal Code’s conversion restrictions (1:2,9; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4).
Mystery
Approved rendering: रहस्य
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: Mystery of God Openly Revealed
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Sovereignty
Risks importing the Tantric Hindu/Vajrayāna Buddhist esoteric initiatory-secret frame (1:20; 10:7). Biblical μυστήριον is openly disclosed to all believers, no privileged-access hierarchy. Ironic negative use at 17:5,7 (applied to Babylon) must not blur with the positive theological sense.
Beast
Approved rendering: पशु
Transliteration: thērion
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
Original: θηρίον
Category: Judgment
पशु shares its root with पशु-बलि (animal sacrifice, Dakshinkali, Gadhimai). Context must keep it unmistakably a symbolic, monstrous, opposing power in deliberate contrast to थुमा (11:7; 13:1-18; 14:9,11; 17:3-17; 19:19-20; 20:4,10).
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: छाप
Transliteration: charagma
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
Coerced allegiance mark (13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). NEVER use the same word as God’s seal (मुद्रा); the two must remain lexically distinct throughout.
Satan And Devil
Approved rendering: शैतान / दियाबल
Transliteration: Satanas / diabolos
Doctrine: Satan and Cosmic Conflict
Original: Σατανᾶς / διάβολος
Category: Judgment
Presented consistently as a single, personal, defeated evil being (2:9,13,24; 3:9; 12:9-12; 20:2,7,10) — not a deity’s ‘dark aspect,’ not impersonal chaos.
Dragon
Approved rendering: अजिङ्गर / प्राचीन सर्प
Transliteration: drakōn / ophis ho archaios
Doctrine: Satan and Cosmic Conflict
Rejected alternatives: नाग
Original: δράκων / ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Judgment
NEVER नाग. Nepal’s Hindu-Buddhist folk religion venerates nāga (सर्प/नाग) as largely benevolent guardian spirits (Nāg Pañchamī). Must be repeatedly, explicitly identified as evil and defeated (12:3-17; 20:2).
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: जीवनको पुस्तक
Transliteration: biblion tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Second Death and Vindication of the Saints
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
God’s sovereign, gracious record of the redeemed (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27, latter within CORE PASSAGE range). Not a karma-ledger of accumulated merit.
Everlasting Gospel
Approved rendering: अनन्त सुसमाचार
Transliteration: euangelion aiōnion
Doctrine: Grace (Freely Given, Not Earned)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
Extends baseline gospel doctrine (14:6); final, unchanging, not superseded by any later revelation.
Patient Endurance
Approved rendering: सहनशीलता / धैर्य
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Faith
Active, hope-filled steadfastness (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12). Must not read as passive resignation or fatalistic acceptance shaped by karma.
Judgment
Approved rendering: इन्साफ / न्याय गर्नु
Transliteration: krima / krinō
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: κρίμα / κρίνω
Category: Judgment
God’s final courtroom verdict against unrepented evil (18:8,10,20; 19:2,11; 20:12-13). Kept distinct from धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य (justification), not a synonym for it.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: आफ्ना कामअनुसार इन्साफ गरिनु
Transliteration: krinō kata ta erga
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα
Category: Judgment
Final judgment evaluating works as evidence of relationship to Christ (20:12-13), alongside the book of life; not a parallel ground of acceptance alongside justification by faith. Mandatory theologian review.
Sorcerer And Idolater
Approved rendering: तन्त्र-मन्त्र गर्ने (जादूगर) / मूर्तिपूजक
Transliteration: pharmakos / eidōlolatrēs
Doctrine: Second Death and Vindication of the Saints
Original: φαρμακός / εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Judgment
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:8; also 22:15). Requires careful pastoral framing given Nepal’s living Tantric ritual-magic and murti-veneration traditions; condemns occult power and misplaced worship in defiance of God’s authority, not Nepali cultural practice as a category.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: शैतानको सभाघर
Transliteration: synagōgē tou Satana
Doctrine: Satan and Cosmic Conflict
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Judgment
Addresses a specific first-century local conflict (2:9; 3:9); must be framed carefully so as not to be weaponized against any present-day religious community in Nepal’s plural context.
Avenge
Approved rendering: बदला लिनु / इन्साफ गर्नु
Transliteration: ekdikeō
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ἐκδικέω
Category: Judgment
God’s righteous, judicial vindication of the martyrs under the altar (6:9-10); not personal vengeance or impersonal karmic settling.
Righteous Acts Of The Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जनका धर्मी कामहरू
Transliteration: dikaiōmata tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Church
The ‘fine linen’ the Bride wears (19:8); visible fruits of a life already justified by faith, never the ground of acceptance.
No Temple
Approved rendering: मन्दिर देखिनँ
Transliteration: ou naon eidon
Doctrine: Unmediated Presence of God
Original: οὐ ναὸν εἶδον
Category: Eschatology
Reverses Nepal’s temple-saturated religious landscape (21:22, immediately following CORE PASSAGE). Culmination of believers as ‘a kingdom and priests,’ not a devaluation of corporate मण्डली.
Reign Forever
Approved rendering: तिनीहरूले सदासर्वदा राज्य गर्नेछन्
Transliteration: basileusousin eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεύσουσιν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων
Category: Eschatology
Believers’ eternal sharing in Christ’s reign (22:5); not personal deification or independent divine status.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: वास गर्ने ठाउँ / बास बस्नुहुनेछ
Transliteration: skēnē / skēnoō
Doctrine: Unmediated Presence of God
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Eschatology
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:3). Never मन्दिर or गुम्बा. Permanent, unmediated divine co-residence with ordinary people, echoing John 1:14 (15:5; 21:3).
Purchased Redeemed
Approved rendering: उद्धार गर्नु / किन्नु / छुटकारा दिनु
Transliteration: agorazō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
5:9, ‘you were purchased for God by your blood.’ A costly, completed transaction accomplished by Christ, not an ongoing merit-payment process.
Blood Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: थुमाको रगत
Transliteration: haima tou arniou
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
The atoning, once-for-all means of victory (5:9; 7:14; 12:11). Reinforced against the paśu-bali collision risk already flagged for थुमा.
Winepress Of Wrath
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको रीसको कोल
Transliteration: lēnos tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
14:19; part of the same wrath vocabulary cluster as रीस/क्रोध.
Canon Warning
Approved rendering: यस पुस्तकको अगमवाणीमा थपघट नगर्नु
Transliteration: prophēteia tou bibliou toutou
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
22:18-19’s closing warning against adding to or taking away from the prophecy; protects the completed, authoritative, God-breathed text, not a general warning against all religious commentary.
Adorned Bride
Approved rendering: सिँगारिएकी दुलही
Transliteration: kekosmēmenē
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:2, ‘prepared as a bride adorned for her husband’). NEW GAP-ANALYSIS FLAG: Nepali bridal-preparation vocabulary is saturated with dowry-negotiation and family-arrangement connotations not present in the source image of Spirit-wrought readiness; must always co-occur with a teaching note clarifying divine, not social, agency in the adorning.
Medium Risk Terms
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not directly used in Revelation’s text but retained as background vocabulary for the adoption/sonship doctrine invoked at 21:7.
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mandali
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Addressed individually as each of the seven churches (1:4,11,20; 2:1-3:22).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajati
Doctrine: Unity of Nations before the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The nations who bring their glory into the New Jerusalem (21:24,26; 22:2).
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant (background)
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Whose royal line and key are invoked as Christological titles (3:7; 5:5; 22:16).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Nations before the Lamb
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Twelve tribes named in the sealing (7:4) and the city’s gates (21:12).
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Priesthood and Unity of Believers
Rejected alternatives: दूत
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Named among the New Jerusalem’s twelve foundations (18:20; 21:14).
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth (background)
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to the greeting of 1:4 (‘grace and peace to you’).
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthata
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness (background)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to the prayers of the saints rising before God (5:8; 8:3-4).
Mission
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार प्रचार
Transliteration: susamachar prachar
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness (background)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to the ‘eternal gospel’ proclaimed to every nation, tribe, language, and people (14:6).
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: अल्फा र ओमेगा
Transliteration: Alpha kai Ō
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ
Category: God
Transliterated per the baseline’s Abba precedent (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Requires a brief explanatory gloss since Nepali readers do not use the Greek alphabet.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: बिहानीको तारा
Transliteration: astēr ho prōinos
Doctrine: Lordship and Return of Christ
Original: ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Promised to overcomers (2:28) and claimed by Christ himself (22:16); cross-reference both occurrences so its Christological force is not lost.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: मुद्रा
Transliteration: sphragis / sphragizō
Doctrine: Providence and Restraint of Evil
Rejected alternatives: छाप
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Judgment
God’s protective ownership-seal (5:1-9; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4). Recommended specifically to preserve the seal/mark contrast against the beast’s coerced mark.
Worthy
Approved rendering: योग्य
Transliteration: axios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
Unique, matchless worthiness of God and the Lamb alone (4:11; 5:2,4,9,12), not comparative worthiness among several venerable figures.
Incense And Prayers
Approved rendering: धूप, पवित्र जनका प्रार्थना
Transliteration: thymiama / proseuchai tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θυμιάμα / προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
Symbolic of God receiving his people’s prayers directly (5:8; 8:3-4); must not endorse literal incense-offering ritual, a live practice in both Hindu pūjā and Buddhist ritual.
Serve
Approved rendering: सेवा गर्नु
Transliteration: latreuō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Ongoing religious/liturgical service (7:15; 22:3), distinct from προσκυνέω’s prostration-emphasis, though part of the same doctrine cluster.
Accuser
Approved rendering: अभियोगकर्ता
Transliteration: katēgoros
Doctrine: Satan and Cosmic Conflict
Original: κατήγορος
Category: Judgment
Satan’s role overthrown by the blood of the Lamb (12:10-11).
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप गर्नु / मन फेर्नु
Transliteration: metanoeō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Faith
Genuine reorientation of heart and allegiance (2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19), not a ritual penance-act.
Priests Of Believers
Approved rendering: पुजारी
Transliteration: hiereis
Doctrine: Priesthood and Unity of Believers
Original: ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
पुजारी is the ordinary word for a Hindu temple priest/Brahmin caste role; must be reframed as every believer’s direct, non-hierarchical priestly access to God (1:6; 5:10; 20:6).
Elders
Approved rendering: प्राचीनहरू
Transliteration: presbyteroi
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: गुरु
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church
The twenty-four elders (4:4,10 et al.). गुरु excluded outright given the strong Hindu/Buddhist devotional-veneration weight it carries.
Abyss
Approved rendering: अगाध खाल्डो / पातालको खाडल
Transliteration: abyssos
Doctrine: Providence and Restraint of Evil
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
Netherworld holding-place for demonic powers (9:1-11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3). Kept terminologically distinct from Ἅδης and from the lake of fire.
Death And Hades
Approved rendering: मृत्यु र पाताल
Transliteration: Thanatos kai Hadēs
Doctrine: Providence and Restraint of Evil
Original: Θάνατος καὶ Ἅδης
Category: Judgment
Death and Hades personified, holding the keys to which Christ alone has authority (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). पाताल transliterated/glossed distinctly from any single Hindu/Buddhist cosmological realm-name.
Harlot
Approved rendering: वेश्या
Transliteration: pornē
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Systems
Original: πόρνη
Category: Judgment
Corporate/systemic image (17:1,5,15-16; 19:2); pastorally framed to avoid targeting individual women.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: महान बेबिलोन
Transliteration: Babylōn hē megalē
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Systems
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
Symbolic of any anti-God system (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21), not restricted to the ancient city or a modern nation.
Blasphemy
Approved rendering: ईश्वरनिन्दा
Transliteration: blasphēmia
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
Original: βλασφημία
Category: Judgment
Speech dishonoring God, attributed to the beast (13:1,5-6; 17:3).
See His Face
Approved rendering: तिनीहरूले उहाँको मुहार देख्नेछन्
Transliteration: opsontai to prosōpon autou
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
The beatific vision (22:4); intimate, relational, personal communion, not mystical absorption or self-dissolution.
Curse Removed
Approved rendering: श्राप
Transliteration: katara
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
The final reversal of Genesis 3’s curse (22:3); connect explicitly to that background in teaching notes.
Millennium
Approved rendering: हजार वर्ष
Transliteration: chilia etē
Doctrine: Millennial Reign of Christ
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
Preserve the literal numeral without embedding a millennial interpretive scheme (premillennial/amillennial/postmillennial) in the base translation itself (20:2-7).
Apocalypse
Approved rendering: प्रकाश / प्रकटीकरण
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic Apocalyptic
The book’s own genre-title (1:1); must be framed as a genre marker to guard against both over-literal and over-speculative readings.
Key Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदको साँचो
Transliteration: kleis Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant (background)
Original: κλεῖς Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Title for Christ’s authority over the messianic kingdom (3:7); requires Old Testament covenant background.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: नयाँ यरूशलेम
Transliteration: Ierousalēm kainē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
CORE PASSAGE TERM (21:2,10). NEW ENTRY (per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md): यरूशलेम transliterated per established Gospel/Acts convention + नयाँ fully translated (must not be absorbed into an opaque transliterated block, since ‘new’ is the load-bearing doctrinal word).
Apocalyptic Genre Label
Approved rendering: सांकेतिक र प्रकाशनात्मक व्याख्या
Transliteration: n/a (coined Nepali compound)
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
NEW COINAGE (per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md): required doctrine-name label distinguishing genre-marker use (प्रकाशनात्मक, adjectival, ‘of/pertaining to disclosure’) from the book’s proper title (प्रकाश). Requires native speaker + theologian review before Phase 2 lock.
New Name
Approved rendering: नयाँ नाम
Transliteration: onoma kainon
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ (background)
Symbol of transformed identity in Christ (2:17; 3:12).
Open Door
Approved rendering: ढोका / ढोका ढकढक्याउनु
Transliteration: thyra aneōgmenē / thyra krouō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
3:8, 3:20; widely used evangelistic image; register should be respectful and inviting rather than intrusive, consistent with Nepal’s legal sensitivity around religious persuasion.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: वेदीमुनिका प्राणहरू
Transliteration: psychai hypokatō tou thysiastēriou
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Costly Testimony
The martyrs crying out for justice (6:9).
White Robes
Approved rendering: सेतो वस्त्र
Transliteration: stolai leukai
Doctrine: Second Death and Vindication of the Saints
Washed in the blood of the Lamb (6:11; 7:14); purity granted through Christ’s atoning blood, not self-achieved ritual purity.
Authority Delegated
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: False Worship and Idolatry
Distinct from सामर्थ्य (God’s own inherent power); the beast’s derivative, usurped authority (ch. 13).
Song Of Moses And Lamb
Approved rendering: मोशा र थुमाको गीत
Transliteration: ōdē Mōuseōs kai tou arniou
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
15:3; ties Exodus deliverance typology to the Lamb’s redemptive victory.
Tabernacle Of Testimony
Approved rendering: गवाहीको वास गर्ने ठाउँ
Transliteration: skēnē tou martyriou
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Costly Testimony
15:5; combines tabernacle_dwell and testimony vocabulary.
Merchants Trade
Approved rendering: व्यापार / व्यापारीहरू
Transliteration: emporia / emporoi
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Systems
18:11-19; critique of commerce entangled with idolatrous power — must avoid a blanket condemnation of commerce as such.
Gates And Foundations
Approved rendering: ढोकाहरू / जगहरू
Transliteration: pylōnes / themelioi
Doctrine: Unity of Nations before the Lamb
21:12-14, within core-passage range; numerically symbolic continuity between Old and New Covenant peoples, not architecturally literal.
Nothing Unclean Enters
Approved rendering: कुनै अशुद्ध कुरा त्यहाँ प्रवेश गर्नेछैन
Transliteration: ou mē eiselthē eis autēn pan koinon
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:27, immediately following core passage. Moral/relational purity before God, not merely ritual purity as understood in Hindu/Buddhist ceremonial-cleanliness categories.
Bind Satan
Approved rendering: बाँध्नु
Transliteration: deō
Doctrine: Providence and Restraint of Evil
Satan bound for the thousand years (20:2); Satan acts only within God-set limits, never as an independent co-equal power.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: अगमवक्ता
Transliteration: agamavakta
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. A recurring category throughout the book (10:7; 11:10,18; 16:6; 18:20,24; 22:6,9).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: अगमवाणी
Transliteration: agamavani
Doctrine: Inspiration and Closure of Scripture
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Frames the whole book (1:3) and its closing warning against tampering (22:7,10,18-19).
Amen
Approved rendering: आमेन
Transliteration: Amen
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly (established transliteration). Heavenly liturgical affirmation (1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21).
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: हल्लेलूयाह
Transliteration: Hallelujah
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology
Original: Ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly (established transliteration). Heavenly shout of praise at Babylon’s fall and the Lamb’s marriage (19:1,3,4,6).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Doxology
Original: εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Part of the heavenly liturgy (11:17).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhagita
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution (background)
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background to the corporate solidarity of the seven churches and the redeemed multitude.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: जीवित प्राणीहरू
Transliteration: zōa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα
Category: Worship
The four living creatures surrounding God’s throne (4:6-9 et al.). Must not be confused with θηρίον (‘beast’), the negatively portrayed figure of chs. 13, 17.
New Song
Approved rendering: नयाँ गीत
Transliteration: asma kainon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship
The song of redemption sung before the throne (5:9; 14:3).
Michael
Approved rendering: मीखाएल
Transliteration: Michaēl
Doctrine: Satan and Cosmic Conflict
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Sovereignty
Established proper-name form (12:7).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: गोग र मागोग
Transliteration: Gōg kai Magōg
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Sovereignty
Symbolic names for the nations gathered by Satan for the final rebellion (20:8).
One Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: एक लाख चवालिस हजार
Transliteration: hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Symbolic Apocalyptic
Symbolic completeness figure (12x12x1000), not a census figure (7:4-8; 14:1,3).
Number 666
Approved rendering: ६६६
Transliteration: arithmos hexakosioi hexēkonta hex
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἀριθμὸς ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Symbolic Apocalyptic
Symbolic (gematria) number (13:18); render in Arabic numerals per house citation convention.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: आर्मागेडोन
Transliteration: Harmagedōn
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic Apocalyptic
Symbolic staging-ground for final cosmic conflict (16:16), not necessarily only a literal battlefield.
Myriads Of Myriads
Approved rendering: असंख्य
Transliteration: myriades myriadōn
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: लाखौं लाख (as a literal numeral phrase)
Innumerable heavenly multitude (5:11; 7:9; 9:16). Preferred over any numeral-based phrase to avoid a census-figure misreading, consistent with the 144,000/666 convention.
Hidden Manna
Approved rendering: गुप्त मन्न
Transliteration: manna kekrymmenon
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Reward promised to the overcomer at Pergamum (2:17); requires an Exodus background note.
Lukewarm
Approved rendering: कुनकुनो/न्यानो-चिसो
Transliteration: chliaros
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Laodicea’s condition (3:16).
Trumpet
Approved rendering: तुरही
Transliteration: salpinx
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked (background)
Standard apocalyptic-announcement instrument (ch. 8-9).
Wormwood
Approved rendering: तीतो/विषालु तारा
Transliteration: apsinthos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked (background)
Star-name causing bitter, deadly water (8:11).
Abaddon Apollyon
Approved rendering: अब्दोन / अपोल्युन
Transliteration: Abaddōn / Apollyōn
Doctrine: Providence and Restraint of Evil
Angel-king of the abyss (9:11); transliterate both, gloss shared meaning ‘Destroyer.‘
Locusts Symbolic
Approved rendering: सलह
Transliteration: akrides
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Demonic/symbolic, not a literal agricultural plague (9:3-10).
Little Scroll
Approved rendering: सानो पुस्तक/पुस्तिका
Transliteration: biblaridion
Doctrine: Mystery of God Openly Revealed
Sweet in the mouth, bitter in the stomach (10:9-10); symbol of bittersweet prophetic ministry.
Harvest Sickle
Approved rendering: कटनी / हँसिया
Transliteration: therismos / drepanon
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Standard judgment metaphor (14:14-19).
Bowls Of Wrath
Approved rendering: कचौराहरू
Transliteration: phialai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Bowls of God’s wrath poured out (ch. 16).
Great Earthquake
Approved rendering: ठूलो भूकम्प
Transliteration: seismos megas
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
16:18; given Nepal’s own severe earthquake history (2015), pastoral sensitivity in teaching framing is advisable though doctrinal risk itself is low.
Mourning Babylon
Approved rendering: शोक
Transliteration: penthos
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Systems
Mourning over Babylon’s fall (ch. 18).
Plagues
Approved rendering: विपत्तिहरू
Transliteration: plēgai
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Ch. 18 general plague vocabulary.
Precious Stones
Approved rendering: बहुमूल्य/मणि पत्थर
Transliteration: lithos timios
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
21:11,18-21, within core-passage range.
Lampstand
Approved rendering: सामदान / दियो राख्ने ठाउँ
Transliteration: lychnia
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Symbol for a local church (1:20).
Referenced passages