Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Matthew — English → Nepali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by the curriculum’s nine core doctrines plus the Core Passage (Beatitudes) and a full cross-reference table of terms reused exactly from the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. All risk tiers follow the Critical/High/Medium/Low convention established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] MUST use the exact Nepali rendering recorded in the baseline; terms marked [NEW — MATTHEW] are proposed additions requiring theologian/native-speaker sign-off before Phase 2 translation memory ingestion.
1. Core Passage — The Beatitudes (Matthew 5:1-12)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blessed | μακάριος / makarios | धन्य | Medium-High | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:3-11 | Reject भाग्यशाली (mere luck); distinguish from आशीर्वाद (verbal blessing) and from पुण्य-based merit-fortune. |
| Poor in spirit | πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι / ptōchoi tō pneumati | आत्मामा दीन | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:3 | Distinguish from sadhu/ascetic voluntary-poverty ideal (cf. baseline “saints” caution). Reject गरीब alone (reads as economic poverty only). |
| Mourn | πενθέω / pentheō | शोक गर्नेहरू | Low | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:4 | Contrast with Buddhist grief-as-attachment-to-be-extinguished framing. |
| Meek | πραΰς / praus | नम्र | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:5 | Distinguish gospel meekness (freely chosen before God) from caste-enforced social submission. |
| Hunger/thirst for righteousness | πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοσύνην | भोक र तिर्खा (धार्मिकताको) | Low / Critical (धार्मिकता) | Mixed | 5:6 | धार्मिकता = [BASELINE REUSE, Critical]; metaphor itself Low risk. |
| Merciful / mercy | ἐλεήμων, ἔλεος / eleēmōn, eleos | दयालु / दया | Medium-High | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:7; also 9:36 | Reject करुणा (Buddhist Brahma-vihara compassion term). |
| Pure in heart | καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ | पवित्र हृदय (recommended, NOT शुद्ध हृदय) | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:8 | शुद्ध carries ritual/caste-purity connotation (cf. baseline “holy” rejection of शुद्ध); use पवित्र root instead. |
| Peacemakers | εἰρηνοποιοί / eirēnopoioi | शान्ति स्थापना गर्नेहरू | Low-Medium | NEW — MATTHEW, built on शान्ति [BASELINE REUSE] | 5:9 | Avoid reducing to secular political peace-brokering. |
| Persecuted for righteousness | δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης | धार्मिकताको खातिर सताइएका | High | NEW — MATTHEW, built on धार्मिकता [BASELINE REUSE, Critical] | 5:10-12 | Live pastoral weight given Nepal’s legal history of restriction on Christian practice; flag for theologian + native-speaker joint review. |
| Reward | μισθός / misthos | इनाम | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:12; 6:1-6,16-18; 10:41-42 | Risk of merit-accounting misread (cf. baseline “grace” caution); gloss as gracious, not earned. |
2. The Kingdom of Heaven
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of heaven | βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν / basileia tōn ouranōn | स्वर्गको राज्य | High (elevated from baseline’s Medium for the synonym kingdom_of_god) | NEW — MATTHEW | 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 7:21; 8:11; 13 (x8); 16:19; 18:1-4,23; 19:12,14,23-24; 20:1; 22:2; 23:13; 25:1 | स्वर्ग collides with Hindu svarga-loka and Buddhist deva-loka heaven-realms within a merit/rebirth cosmology. Must be taught as identical in referent to परमेश्वरको राज्य. Standing translator note required on first occurrence per document. |
| Kingdom of God (Matthew’s synonym usage) | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / basileia tou theou | परमेश्वरको राज्य | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 | Confirm to learners this is the same reality as स्वर्गको राज्य, not a separate concept. |
| Mystery (of the kingdom) | μυστήριον / mystērion | रहस्य | Medium-High | NEW — MATTHEW | 13:11 | Risk of esoteric-initiation reading (tantric “mystery” transmission); stress revealed-to-all-who-believe, not elite-initiation. |
| Keys of the kingdom | κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας / kleis tēs basileias | स्वर्गको राज्यका साँचाहरू | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 16:19 | Delegated declarative authority, not magical/talismanic keys. |
3. Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός / Christos | मसीह | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1,16-18; 16:16,20; 22:42; 26:63; 27:17,22 | Never a generic “anointed teacher/avatar” reading. |
| Son of David | υἱὸς Δαυίδ / huios Dauid | दाऊदका पुत्र | High | NEW — MATTHEW, built on दाऊद [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:1,20; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42 | Distinct from baseline’s seed_of_david (दाऊदको वंश, Romans 1:3 lineage-emphasis); this is a direct messianic address/title. Retain both terms separately in memory. |
| Immanuel | Ἐμμανουήλ / Emmanouēl | इम्मानुएल (+ gloss “परमेश्वर हामीसाथमा”) | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 1:23; echoed 28:20 | Always transliterate with gloss; ties directly to Incarnation and Deity-of-Christ baseline Critical doctrines. |
| Virgin | παρθένος / parthenos | कुमारी (कुमारी कन्या recommended) | Critical — Nepal-specific | NEW — MATTHEW | 1:18,23 | Severe collision with Nepal’s living-goddess Kumari tradition (state-linked, monarchy-legitimating history parallel to baseline’s अवतार caution). Mandatory disambiguating modifier + standing translator note required on every occurrence. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ / huios theou | परमेश्वरका पुत्र | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 3:17; 4:3,6; 8:29; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54 | Never metaphorical/adoptive sonship; distinct from दत्तक पुत्रता (believers’ adoption) and from मानिसका पुत्र (Son of Man). |
| Cornerstone | κεφαλὴ γωνίας / kephalē gōnias | कोणको मुख्य ढुङ्गा / कोणेढुङ्गा | Low-Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 21:42 | Rejection-then-vindication motif; ties to Messianic Promise + Fulfillment doctrines. |
4. Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To fulfill | πληρόω / plēroō | पूरा गर्नु | Medium-High | NEW — MATTHEW | 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 3:15; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:54,56; 27:9 | Must convey linear, once-for-all historical completion, never cyclical yuga cosmology or rebirth-cycle “completion.” High-frequency device; recommend book-wide High tier. |
| Prophet | προφήτης / prophētēs | अगमवक्ता | Low | [BASELINE REUSE] | 1:22; 2:5,15,17,23; 3:3; 4:14; 5:12,17; 7:12; 8:17; 11:9,13; 12:17,39; 13:17,35,57; 21:4,11,26,46; 22:40; 23:29-37; 24:15; 26:56; 27:9 | Never ज्योतिषी (astrologer/fortune-teller). |
| Prophecy | προφητεία / prophēteia | अगमवाणी | Low | [BASELINE REUSE] | throughout via formula-quotations | Distinct from astrological prediction. |
| End of the age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος / synteleia tou aiōnos | जगतको अन्त्य (NOT युगको अन्त्य) | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 13:39,49; 24:3; 28:20 | युग collides directly with Hindu cyclical yuga-cosmology (Satya/Treta/Dvapara/Kali); elevates baseline’s existing “cyclical cosmology” caution to Critical for this specific phrase. |
| Renewal / new world | παλιγγενεσία / palingenesia | नयाँ सृष्टि / जगतको पुनर्स्थापना | Medium-High | NEW — MATTHEW | 19:28 | Avoid पुनर्जन्म-based roots despite morphological similarity (“again-birth”); this is cosmic renewal, not individual rebirth. |
| Hosanna | Ὡσαννά / Hōsanna | होशाना (+ gloss “बचाउनुहोस्”) | Low-Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 21:9,15 | Transliterated liturgical cry; requires explanatory gloss, cf. baseline’s treatment of अब्बा. |
5. The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authority | ἐξουσία / exousia | अधिकार | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 7:29; 8:9; 9:6,8; 21:23-27; 28:18 | Must be taught as inherent/divine, not delegated by human/institutional office (contrast scribes). Flag Christologically-loaded occurrences for theologian review. |
| Scribes | γραμματεῖς / grammateis | शास्त्री | Low-Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | throughout | Minor risk of reading as generic Hindu religious-scholar (pundit) role; established term, retain with brief note. |
| Sabbath | σάββατον / sabbaton | शबथ / विश्रामको दिन | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 12:1-14; 24:20; 28:1 | ”Lord of the Sabbath” (12:8) ties directly to Authority + Deity-of-Christ doctrines. |
| To forgive sins (authority claim) | ἀφίημι ἁμαρτίας | पाप क्षमा गर्नु | High | NEW — MATTHEW, built on पाप [BASELINE REUSE] | 9:2-6 | Forgiveness as divine prerogative Jesus claims for himself; ties Authority + Deity-of-Christ doctrines together. |
6. Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | धार्मिकता | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 3:15; 5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32 | NEVER धर्म. Matthew 5:20’s “greater righteousness” doctrine must not reintroduce a merit/performance framework. |
| Perfect | τέλειος / teleios | पूर्ण (recommended, NOT सिद्ध) | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:48; 19:21 | सिद्ध collides with Hindu/tantric सिद्ध पुरुष (adept with attained supernatural siddhi); पूर्ण preferred, emphasizing relational wholeness in love. |
| Hypocrite | ὑποκριτής / hypokritēs | पाखण्डी | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 6:2,5,16; 7:5; 15:7; 22:18; 23:13-29; 24:51 | Outward performance masking inward corruption; negative inverse of “greater righteousness” doctrine. |
| Unclean / to defile | κοινός, κοινόω / koinos, koinoō | अशुद्ध | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 15:11,18-20 | Relocates defilement from ritual/caste-purity categories to the heart — a constructive engagement point with Nepal’s caste-purity history, distinct from “pure in heart” (5:8) caution above; do not confuse with पाप. |
| Woe | οὐαί / ouai | धिक्कार | Low-Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 11:21; 18:7; 23:13-29; 24:19; 26:24 | Literary/doctrinal inverse of धन्य (Beatitudes); teach as a matched pair. |
7. The Church and Church Discipline
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Church | ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia | मण्डली | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 16:18; 18:17 (x2) | Never मन्दिर or गुम्बा. |
| Rock | πέτρα / petra | चट्टान | Medium (wordplay caution) | NEW — MATTHEW | 16:18 | Peter/petra wordplay does not transfer to Nepali; standing translator note required. |
| Bind / loose | δέω / λύω / deō, lyō | बाँध्नु / फुकाउनु | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 16:19; 18:18 | Collision risk with dhami-jhankri shamanic literal spirit-binding ritual (Nepal-specific, not covered by baseline). Must distinguish corporate, Scripture-governed declarative authority from shamanic technique. |
| Sin (against a brother) | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | पाप | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 18:15 | Ecclesial application of baseline term; foundational to church-discipline process. |
| Forgive / forgiveness | ἀφίημι, ἄφεσις / aphiēmi, aphesis | क्षमा दिनु / क्षमा | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 6:12-14; 9:2-6; 18:21-35; 26:28 | Distinguish from karma’s non-forgivable, must-be-exhausted consequence logic (parallel to baseline’s grace-vs-merit caution). |
| Judge (forbidden hypocritical judging) | κρίνω / krinō | न्याय गर्नु / दोष लगाउनु | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 7:1-2 | Distinguish 3-way from legitimate church discipline (ch.18) and God’s final judgment (ch.25); keep consistent across all three. |
8. The Great Commission
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All authority | πᾶσα ἐξουσία / pasa exousia | पूर्ण अधिकार | High | NEW — MATTHEW, built on अधिकार | 28:18 | Climactic, universal statement grounding the Commission itself. |
| All nations | πάντα τὰ ἔθνη / panta ta ethnē | सबै जातिहरू (NOT अन्यजाति) | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW — disambiguate from baseline अन्यजाति | 28:19 | अन्यजाति specifically denotes non-Jewish peoples contrasted with Israel (correct for 4:15;10:5;12:18-21) — wrong, narrowing choice for 28:19’s universal Jew+Gentile scope. |
| Make disciples | μαθητεύω / mathēteuō | चेला बनाउनु | High | NEW — MATTHEW, built on चेला | 28:19 | See Discipleship section below for चेला’s guru-shishya collision risk. |
| Baptizing… in the name (singular) | βαπτίζοντες… εἰς τὸ ὄνομα | …को नाउँमा बप्तिस्मा दिँदै | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 28:19 | MUST preserve singular “नाउँमा” (the name), never a plural “names” construction; carries full weight of Trinitarian doctrine (one God, three Persons). No direct baseline precedent — mandatory standalone theologian review item. |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | बप्तिस्मा | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19 | Transliterated established term; distinguish from repeatable Hindu ritual river-bathing purification. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | प्रेरित | Medium | [BASELINE REUSE] | 10:2 | Distinguish from generic guru/lama teacher role. |
| Mission / proclamation | ἀποστολή, κηρύσσω | सुसमाचार प्रचार | High (Nepali-specific legal risk) | [BASELINE REUSE] | 10:5-42; 24:14; 28:18-20 | Frame as witness/proclamation, not recruitment-style language, given 2017 Muluki Criminal Code restrictions (cf. baseline “mission”/“evangelism” entries). |
9. Judgment and the End of the Age
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου / huios tou anthrōpou | मानिसका पुत्र | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 8:20; 9:6; 16:27-28; 17:9,22; 19:28; 20:18,28; 24:27,30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:2,24,45,64 | Daniel-7-loaded title combining true humanity + divine eschatological authority; must not be flattened to generic “human being,” and must remain conceptually distinct from परमेश्वरका पुत्र (Son of God). Mandatory theologian review for judgment/glory occurrences. |
| Coming (of the Son of Man) | παρουσία / parousia | आगमन | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 24:3,27,37,39 | Must be framed as this same unique Christ’s singular future return, not a repeatable avatar-descent pattern; distinguish from देहधारण (baseline Critical, the one-time incarnation). |
| End of the age | συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος | जगतको अन्त्य | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | (see Fulfillment section above) | Cross-reference; same entry. |
| Judgment | κρίσις, κρίμα / krisis, krima | न्याय | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:21-22; 7:1-2; 10:15; 11:22,24; 12:36,41-42; 23:33; 24-25 | Personal, God-issued verdict; not the impersonal, self-executing law of karma (cf. baseline “providence” caution). |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | अनन्त जीवन | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 19:16,29; 25:46 | Dual-front distinction required, same as baseline’s Critical “salvation”: never मोक्ष/निर्वाण-adjacent framing. |
| Eternal punishment | κόλασις αἰώνιος / kolasis aiōnios | अनन्त दण्ड | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 25:46 | Must be taught as genuinely final/unending, never a temporary, rebirth-leading hell-realm as in Hindu/Buddhist cosmology. Pairs directly with अनन्त जीवन in the same verse. |
| Gehenna / hell | γέεννα / geenna | नरक (+ mandatory gloss “अनन्त दण्डको ठाउँ”) | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33 | नरक is the standard Hindu/Buddhist term for a temporary hell-realm within a rebirth cosmology; requires standing clarifying gloss distinguishing Gehenna as a place of final, fixed judgment. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / anastasis | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | [BASELINE REUSE] | 22:23-33; 27:53; 28:6-7 | NEVER पुनर्जन्म. |
| False prophets | ψευδοπροφῆται / pseudoprophētai | झूटा अगमवक्ता | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW, built on अगमवक्ता | 7:15; 24:11,24 | Ties Prophecy-Fulfillment and Judgment doctrines together. |
10. Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disciple | μαθητής / mathētēs | चेला | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 4:18-22; 5:1; 8:18-22; 9:9; 10:1-42; 16:24-26; 19:27-30; 28:19 | High collision risk with Hindu guru-shishya / Buddhist lama-disciple mentorship-toward-liberation paradigm; standing translator note required distinguishing gospel discipleship (response to Christ’s sovereign call) from guru-chela advancement model. |
| Follow | ἀκολουθέω / akoloutheō | पछ्याउनु | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 4:20; 8:19,22; 9:9; 16:24; 19:27-28 | Standing verb for committed discipleship throughout the book. |
| Cross (take up one’s cross) | σταυρός / stauros | क्रुस | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 10:38; 16:24; 27:32-42 | Never softened to generic hardship-endurance; specifically costly allegiance to Christ. |
| Deny oneself | ἀπαρνέομαι (reflexive) / aparneomai | आफैलाई इन्कार गर्नु | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 16:24-26 | Definitive Cost-of-Discipleship statement. |
| Confess / deny (Christ) | ὁμολογέω / ἀρνέομαι | स्वीकार गर्नु / इन्कार गर्नु | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 10:32-33; 26:69-75 | Live social/pastoral weight; flag for both theologian and pastoral sensitivity review. |
| Yoke | ζυγός / zygos | जुवा | Low-Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 11:29-30 | Contrasts burdensome legal-performance yoke with Christ’s “light” yoke; requires brief agrarian-metaphor gloss. |
| Rest | ἀνάπαυσις / anapausis | विश्राम | Low | NEW — MATTHEW | 11:28-29 | Distinguish from meditative equanimity/cessation-of-craving goals (cf. baseline “peace” caution). |
| Faith | πίστις / pistis | विश्वास | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 8:10; 9:2,22,29; 14:31; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21 | Distinguish from श्रद्धा/भक्ति devotional reverence. |
11. Additional Load-Bearing Terms (Christology, Atonement, Worship, and Related Vocabulary Not Mapped to a Single Curriculum Doctrine Heading)
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Nepali Rendering | Risk | Status | Chapters | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ransom | λύτρον / lytron | छुटकाराको मूल्य (or उद्धारको मूल्य) — NEVER मुक्तिको मूल्य | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 20:28 | मुक्ति is absolutely forbidden per baseline salvation policy (Hindu liberation-from-rebirth-cycle); this is Matthew’s clearest substitutionary-atonement statement and must not reopen that forbidden frame. |
| Worship | προσκυνέω / proskyneō | आराधना गर्नु (recommended over दण्डवत् गर्नु) | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 2:2,11; 4:9-10; 14:33; 28:9,17 | दण्डवत् collides with Hindu ritual prostration before deities/gurus/idols; आराधना preferred, flagged per-occurrence for whether mere-homage or full-worship sense is active. |
| Virgin (see also section 3 above) | παρθένος | कुमारी कन्या | Critical | NEW — MATTHEW | 1:18,23 | Cross-reference; Nepal Kumari-cult collision. |
| Temptation / tempter | πειρασμός, ὁ πειράζων / peirasmos, ho peirazōn | परीक्षा / परीक्षा गर्ने | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 4:1-11; 6:13; 26:41 | Standard term; context must clarify moral stakes vs ordinary “test/exam.” |
| Devil / Satan | διάβολος, Σατανᾶς / diabolos, Satanas | शैतान | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 4:1,5,8,10; 12:26; 13:39; 16:23; 25:41 | Personal, created, malevolent being — not an impersonal evil-principle or karmic force. |
| Demon / unclean spirit | δαιμόνιον / daimonion | दुष्ट आत्मा (NOT भूत alone) | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 8:16,28-33; 9:32-34; 10:1,8; 12:22-28,43-45; 15:22; 17:18 | भूत collides with Nepali folk-religion ghost/restless-spirit phenomena addressed via dhami-jhankri shamanic exorcism ritual. |
| Angel | ἄγγελος / angelos | स्वर्गदूत | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 1:20,24; 2:13,19; 4:6,11; 13:39,41,49; 16:27; 18:10; 24:31,36; 25:31,41; 26:53; 28:2,5 | Created servant-messenger, never an object of worship; mild collision with देवता (minor deity) category. |
| Love (Greatest Commandment) | ἀγαπάω, ἀγάπη / agapaō, agapē | प्रेम | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 5:44; 19:19; 22:37-39 | Distinguish from भक्ति (devotional reverence oriented toward liberation/merit); pair with baseline’s existing “faith” caution. |
| Transfigured | μεταμορφόω / metamorphoō | रूप बदलिनु | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 17:2 | One-time revelatory unveiling of pre-existing glory, not a repeatable avatar-appearance transformation. |
| Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι / splanchnizomai | दयाले भरिनु / दयाले द्रवित हुनु | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW, built on दया | 9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34 | Avoid करुणा for the same Buddhist Brahma-vihara reason flagged under “mercy.” |
| Repentance | μετάνοια, μετανοέω / metanoia, metanoeō | पश्चाताप | High | NEW — MATTHEW | 3:2,8,11; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41 | Relational turning toward a personal God, not ritual/karmic penance-expiation. |
| Passover | πάσχα / pascha | निस्तार-चाड | Medium | NEW — MATTHEW | 26:2,17-19 | Ties Last Supper to Passover-lamb typology; no independent Nepali cultural referent, requires explanatory note. |
| Covenant (blood of the covenant) | διαθήκη / diathēkē | करार | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 26:28 | Specifically the नयाँ करार (new covenant) inaugurated at the Last Supper. |
| Glory | δόξα / doxa | महिमा | High | [BASELINE REUSE] | 6:29; 16:27; 17:2 (implicit); 19:28; 24:30; 25:31 | Avoid light-metaphor terms conflating with Hindu/tantric divine-radiance imagery (Kumari-adjacent caution reinforced here). |
12. Cross-Reference: Baseline Romans Terms Reused Exactly Across Matthew
The following baseline translation_memory.json entries recur across Matthew and MUST be reused with the exact recorded Nepali rendering; no new entry is required, but chapter occurrences are noted here for Phase 2 segment-cache completeness.
| Baseline Term | Nepali (exact reuse) | Risk | Key Matthew Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | सुसमाचार | High | 4:23; 9:35; 11:5(implicit); 24:14; 26:13; 28:19(implicit via commission) |
| grace (rare in Matthew; cf. undeserved-favor motifs) | अनुग्रह | High | (thematically present in parables of grace, e.g. 20:1-16, though the term itself is sparse in Matthew) |
| faith | विश्वास | High | 8:10; 9:2,22,29; 14:31; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21 |
| righteousness | धार्मिकता | Critical | 3:15; 5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32 |
| resurrection | पुनरुत्थान | Critical | 22:23-33; 27:53; 28:6-7 |
| lord | प्रभु | Critical | 7:21-22; 8:2,6,8,21,25; 9:28; 14:28,30; 15:22,25,27; 16:22; 17:4,15; 20:30,31,33; 21:3,9; 22:43-45; 24:42; 25:11,20,22,24,37,44; 26:22 |
| son of God | परमेश्वरका पुत्र | Critical | 3:17; 4:3,6; 8:29; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 26:63; 27:40,43,54 |
| incarnation (conceptual, no single Greek term) | देहधारण | Critical | 1:18-25 (contextual doctrine, not a lexical occurrence) |
| peace | शान्ति | Medium | 5:9; 10:13,34; 10:36 (implicit contrast) |
| spiritual gifts (rare direct term; cf. enablement motifs) | आत्मिक वरदान | Medium | (thematically present; no dense direct-term cluster in Matthew) |
| thanksgiving | धन्यवाद | Low | 15:36; 26:27 |
| fellowship | सहभागिता | Low | (thematic, e.g. table-fellowship with sinners, 9:10-13) |
| church | मण्डली | Medium | 16:18; 18:17 |
| kingdom of God | परमेश्वरको राज्य | Medium | 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43 |
| law | व्यवस्था | High | 5:17-18; 7:12; 11:13; 12:5; 22:36,40; 23:23 |
| sin | पाप | High | 1:21; 3:6; 6:12,14-15; 9:2-6; 12:31; 18:15,21; 26:28 |
| gentiles | अन्यजाति | Medium | 4:15; 6:32; 10:5,18; 12:18,21; 20:19; 24:9,14 (contrastive Jew/Gentile contexts only — cf. section 8 above for 28:19’s distinct “all nations” rendering) |
| glory | महिमा | High | 6:29; 16:27; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31 |
| power of God | परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य | High | 22:29; 24:30; 26:64 |
| messiah | मसीह | Critical | 1:1,16-18; 16:16,20; 22:42; 26:63; 27:17,22 |
| prophet | अगमवक्ता | Low | throughout (see Fulfillment section above) |
| prophecy | अगमवाणी | Low | throughout via formula-quotations |
| covenant | करार | High | 26:28 |
| election / chosen | परमेश्वरको छनोट | High | 22:14 (“many are called, but few are chosen”); 24:22,24,31 |
| called / calling | बोलाइएका / बोलावट | High | 4:21(implicit); 9:13; 22:3-9,14 |
| providence | परमेश्वरको व्यवस्थापन | High | 6:25-34 (thematic — “your heavenly Father knows…”); 10:29-31 |
| mission | सुसमाचार प्रचार | High (Nepali-specific legal risk) | 10:5-42; 24:14; 28:18-20 |
| david | दाऊद | Medium | 1:1,6,17,20; 9:27; 12:3,23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42,45 |
| israel | इस्राएल | Medium | 2:6,20-21; 8:10; 9:33; 10:6,23; 15:24,31; 19:28; 27:9,42 |
| jesus | येशू | Critical | throughout |
| god | परमेश्वर | Critical | throughout; NEVER भगवान |
| holy spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Critical | 1:18,20; 3:11,16; 4:1; 12:28,31-32; 28:19 |
| father | पिता | Critical | 5:16,45,48; 6:1,4,6,8-9,14-15,18,26,32; 7:11,21; 10:20,29,32-33; 11:25-27; 12:50; 15:13; 16:17,27; 18:10,14,19,35; 20:23; 23:9; 24:36; 25:34; 26:29,39,42,53; 28:19 |
| exhort | उत्साहित पार्नु | Low | (thematic in teaching discourses; no dense direct-term cluster) |
| seed of David | दाऊदको वंश | High | 1:1-17 (genealogical lineage sense, distinct from title-of-address दाऊदका पुत्र above) |
| imputed righteousness | आरोपित धार्मिकता | Critical | (conceptually present in grace/righteousness parables, e.g. 20:1-16; not a direct lexical occurrence in Matthew) |
Glossary Governance Notes for Phase 2
- All Critical new entries in this glossary (Kingdom of Heaven’s स्वर्ग collision, Virgin/कुमारी, Ransom/लुत्रोन, Son of Man, End of the Age/युग collision, Eternal Punishment/Gehenna, and the Trinitarian baptismal “name” singular) require mandatory human theologian sign-off before being written into an updated
translation_memory.jsonfor Phase 2. - Every [NEW — MATTHEW] entry above must be added to translation memory with an incremented version number and dated changelog entry per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions, before any Phase 2 segment translation touching that term proceeds.
- Where this glossary recommends departing from a superficially “more literal” Nepali rendering (e.g., पवित्र हृदय over शुद्ध हृदय; छुटकाराको मूल्य over मुक्तिको मूल्य; जगतको अन्त्य over युगको अन्त्य; सबै जातिहरू over अन्यजाति at 28:19), the rationale is doctrinal-risk-driven and consistent with the baseline’s own existing forbidden-substitution methodology — these are not stylistic preferences but the same category of decision already modeled by the baseline for धर्म, पुनर्जन्म, अवतार, शक्ति, and मुक्ति/मोक्ष/निर्वाण.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikata
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER धर्म. Anchors Matthew’s distinctive ‘greater righteousness’ doctrine (5:6,10,20; 6:1,33; 21:32; 3:15) — must never reintroduce a merit/performance framework.
Justification
Approved rendering: धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य
Transliteration: dharmi thahraine karya
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: माफी पाउने कार्य
Inherited from Romans package. Not a dense lexical occurrence in Matthew, but conceptually undergirds the ‘greater righteousness’ teaching and the grace-parables (e.g. 20:1-16); retained for doctrinal consistency across the pipeline.
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER मुक्ति, मोक्ष, or निर्वाण. Matthew 1:21 names Jesus explicitly because ‘he will save his people from their sins’ — the term’s first occurrence anchors the whole Gospel’s purpose statement.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पुनर्जन्म. Occurs at the Sadducees’ resurrection debate (22:23-33), the saints raised at the crucifixion (27:52-53), and the climactic resurrection narrative (28:1-10), underwriting the Great Commission that follows.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used repeatedly as direct address to Jesus (8:2,25; 9:28; 14:28,30; 15:22,25,27; 17:4,15; 20:30-33) and in the warning ‘not everyone who says to me Lord, Lord… will enter the kingdom’ (7:21-22) — retain exclusive lordship weight in both confession and warning.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरका पुत्र
Transliteration: Parameshwarka Putra
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: देवपुत्र
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Full phrase required, never देवपुत्र. Confirmed at four climactic Matthean points: 3:17, 14:33, 16:16, 17:5, and 27:54. Must remain conceptually distinct from मानिसका पुत्र (Son of Man) and from दत्तक पुत्रता (believers’ adoption).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadharan
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (conceptual; underlies Matt 1:18-25)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER अवतार. Given added Nepal-specific force by the कुमारी/इम्मानुएल collision risks below — a unique, once-for-all divine self-disclosure (1:18-25), not a repeatable royal or divine descent.
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never one of several avatars or enlightened teachers. Occurs at 1:1,16-18; 16:16,20; 22:42; 26:63; 27:17,22.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Established Nepali Christian standard form; Matthew 1:21 gives the name its own explicit meaning (‘he will save his people from their sins’).
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never भगवान. Used throughout Matthew; the settled, neutral Nepali Christian standard.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ब्रह्म or परमात्मा. Occurs at 1:18,20; 3:11,16; 4:1; 12:28,31-32; and 28:19 as part of the Critical Trinitarian baptismal formula.
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Especially dense in the Sermon on the Mount (5:16,45,48; 6:1-32; 7:11,21) and the Lord’s Prayer (6:9).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: aropit dharmikata
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: आर्जित धार्मिकता
Original: conceptual (cf. grace/righteousness parables, e.g. Matt 20:1-16)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not a direct lexical occurrence but conceptually present in the parable of the workers in the vineyard (20:1-16); must not be rendered as earned righteousness.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: इम्मानुएल
Transliteration: Immanuel
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology
Always transliterate with the gloss ‘परमेश्वर हामीसाथमा’ (God with us). Never substitute a functional-equivalent phrase alone, since Matthew 1:23 explicitly names and interprets the word itself. Forms an inclusio with 28:20’s ‘I am with you always.‘
Virgin
Approved rendering: कुमारी कन्या
Transliteration: kumari kanya
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: कुमारी alone
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
SEVERE NEPAL-SPECIFIC COLLISION: कुमारी alone is also the proper name of Nepal’s living-goddess tradition, historically state-linked to monarchy legitimation. Always pair with कन्या; require a standing translator/theologian note on every occurrence (1:18, 1:23).
End Of The Age
Approved rendering: जगतको अन्त्य
Transliteration: jagatko antya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: युगको अन्त्य
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology
MUST NOT use युगको अन्त्य. युग is the precise term for the four ages of Hindu cosmological time within an endlessly repeating cycle (kalpa). Occurs at 13:39,49; 24:3; 28:20, forming a structural inclusio with 1:23’s Immanuel promise.
Baptismal Formula Name Singular
Approved rendering: …को नाउँमा
Transliteration: …ko naaumaa
Doctrine: The Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
Rejected alternatives: नाउँहरूमा (plural)
Original: εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: God
The Greek τὸ ὄνομα (‘the name’) is grammatically singular though three Persons are named. पिता, पुत्र र पवित्र आत्माको नाउँमा must preserve this singular form; never plural or repeated-name construction. No baseline precedent. Mandatory standalone theologian review; requires a grammatical-number check, not a lexical check. Matthew 28:19.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: मानिसका पुत्र
Transliteration: manisaka putra
Doctrine: The Son of Man
Original: Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
A Daniel-7-loaded title combining true humanity with divine eschatological authority. Must never be flattened to a generic ‘human being’ phrase, and must remain visually/conceptually distinct from परमेश्वरका पुत्र. Mandatory theologian review for judgment/glory occurrences (8:20; 9:6; 16:27-28; 17:9,22; 19:28; 20:18,28; 24:27-44; 25:31; 26:2,24,45,64).
Eternal Punishment
Approved rendering: अनन्त दण्ड
Transliteration: anant danda
Doctrine: The Two Eternal Destinies: Life and Punishment
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Must never imply a temporary, rebirth-leading hell-realm as in Hindu/Buddhist cosmology. Matthew 25:46, always taught paired with अनन्त जीवन as the only two eternal destinies.
Gehenna Hell
Approved rendering: नरक
Transliteration: narak
Doctrine: Gehenna and Final Judgment
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology
नरक is the standard Hindu/Buddhist term for a TEMPORARY hell-realm; mandatory standing gloss (‘अनन्त दण्डको ठाउँ’) required at every occurrence, never left unglossed. Matthew 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33.
Ransom
Approved rendering: छुटकाराको मूल्य
Transliteration: chhutkarako mulya
Doctrine: Ransom and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिको मूल्य
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation
NEVER मुक्तिको मूल्य. मुक्ति is absolutely forbidden per the baseline salvation policy; छुटकारा (deliverance) avoids the मुक्ति root while preserving the substitutionary-payment sense. Matthew 20:28; echoed at 26:26-28.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Nepali Christian term. Matthew ties this to ‘the gospel of the kingdom’ (4:23; 9:35; 24:14; 26:13) — reinforce that this is the same singular gospel, not one teaching among several.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, पुण्य, भाग्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER पुण्य or भाग्य. Thematically present in Matthew’s parables of undeserved generosity (e.g. workers in the vineyard, 20:1-16) though lexically sparse in Matthew; reinforce the grace-vs-merit contrast there.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from श्रद्धा/भक्ति. Demonstrated repeatedly in Matthew’s healing narratives: centurion (8:10), woman with the flow of blood (9:22), Canaanite woman (15:28), Peter walking on water (14:31), mustard-seed faith (17:20).
Called
Approved rendering: बोलाइएका
Transliteration: bolaieka
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Illustrated narratively in the calling of the disciples (4:18-22, implicit) and the wedding-feast parable’s called/chosen contrast (22:3-9,14).
Calling
Approved rendering: बोलावट
Transliteration: bolawat
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. No dense direct-term cluster in Matthew beyond thematic calling narratives; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER शुद्ध (ritual-purity connotation). Used of the Holy Spirit throughout, the ‘holy city’ (4:5), and ‘holy place’ (24:15); this same पवित्र root is also required, not शुद्ध, for ‘pure in heart’ at 5:8.
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: सन्त, साधु
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER सन्त or साधु. Occurs at Matthew 27:52-53, ‘the bodies of the saints… were raised,’ foreshadowing the full resurrection doctrine.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Inherited from Romans package. Not a dense lexical cluster in Matthew but thematically present in the call to holiness woven through the Sermon on the Mount’s greater-righteousness teaching.
Adoption
Approved rendering: दत्तक पुत्रता
Transliteration: dattak putrata
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: धर्मपुत्र बनाउने, गोद लिने
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to Matthew 5:9’s ‘called sons of God’ for peacemakers; render that plural believer-sonship as परमेश्वरका सन्तान, keeping this concept distinct from Christ’s unique परमेश्वरका पुत्र title.
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavastha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER धर्म. Central to 5:17-18’s fulfillment claim and 22:36-40’s Greatest Commandment summary.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अकुशल कर्म
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 1:21 (naming Jesus), 9:2-6 (forgiveness authority), 18:15-21 (church discipline), and 26:28 (atonement).
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Displayed at the Transfiguration (17:2) and in Christ’s promised return (16:27; 19:28; 24:30; 25:31); avoid light-metaphor terms conflating with Hindu/tantric divine-radiance imagery.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासको आज्ञाकारिता
Transliteration: vishwasko agyakarita
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: धार्मिक कर्तव्य पालन
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present throughout the Sermon on the Mount’s call to obedient discipleship flowing from faith, not merit-earning duty.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko samarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER शक्ति. Occurs at 22:29 (resurrection debate), 24:30, and 26:64 (‘seated at the right hand of Power’).
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karar
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: सम्झौता
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. नयाँ करार established at the Last Supper (26:28), fulfilling the Davidic covenant background from chapter 1.
Election
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको छनोट
Transliteration: Parameshwarko chhanot
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, किस्मत
Original: ἐκλογή (cf. ἐκλεκτός)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 22:14 (‘many are called, but few are chosen’) and 24:22,24,31.
Providence
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको व्यवस्थापन
Transliteration: Parameshwarko vyavasthapan
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: भाग्य, कर्मको नियम
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Matt 6:25-34; 10:29-31)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 6:25-34 (‘your heavenly Father knows…’) and 10:29-31 (sparrows).
Mission
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार प्रचार
Transliteration: susamachar prachar
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / κηρύσσω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from the baseline’s Medium to High for the Matthew curriculum given current legal risk under Nepal’s 2017 Muluki Criminal Code. Central to 10:5-42; 24:14; 28:18-20.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदको वंश
Transliteration: Daudko vansha
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ (conceptual; underlies Matt 1:1-17)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Conveys the genealogical/lineage sense (1:1-17), distinct from दाऊदका पुत्र, which functions as a direct messianic confession/address (9:27; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15). Retain both as separate entries.
Blessed
Approved rendering: धन्य
Transliteration: dhanya
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Rejected alternatives: भाग्यशाली, आशीर्वाद
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom Ethics
धन्य is the established Nepali Bible term for the Beatitudes. Must not be heard as भाग्यशाली (luck) or conflated with पुण्य-based merit-accumulation; धन्य is God’s own eschatological verdict, not fortune earned by prior merit. Distinguish from आशीर्वाद (verbal benediction). Matthew 5:3-11; rhetorical inverse धिक्कार at 23:13-29.
Poor In Spirit
Approved rendering: आत्मामा दीन
Transliteration: atmama din
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Rejected alternatives: गरीब
Original: πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Risks being read against Nepal’s visible sadhu/renunciate ideal as commending voluntary ascetic poverty as achievement, rather than admission of spiritual helplessness that receives grace. गरीब alone reads as economic poverty only. Matthew 5:3.
Merciful Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: daya
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Rejected alternatives: करुणा
Original: ἐλεήμων / ἔλεος
Category: Kingdom Ethics
दया required, never करुणा — the specific Buddhist Brahma-vihara term for compassion cultivated through disciplined meditative practice. Biblical mercy is a relational response flowing from a personal God’s character. Matthew 5:7; also 9:36, 14:14, 15:32, 18:21-35, 20:34.
Pure In Heart
Approved rendering: पवित्र हृदय
Transliteration: pavitra hriday
Doctrine: Purity of Heart versus Ritual Purity
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध हृदय
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Render पवित्र हृदय, NEVER शुद्ध हृदय. शुद्ध draws on the same ritual purity/pollution axis that historically organized much of Nepal’s caste system. पवित्र avoids importing caste-purity logic into this Beatitude. Matthew 5:8.
Persecuted For Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकताको खातिर सताइएका
Transliteration: dharmikatako khatir sataieka
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Built on baseline धार्मिकता. सताइएका carries live pastoral weight given Nepal’s history of legal restriction on Christian practice until 1990 and the 2017 Muluki Criminal Code; flag for joint theologian and native-speaker review. Matthew 5:10-12.
Kingdom Of Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्गको राज्य
Transliteration: svargako rajya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Rejected alternatives: स्वर्ग alone
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
Elevated above the baseline’s Medium tier for the synonym kingdom_of_god because स्वर्ग collides with Hindu svarga-loka and Buddhist deva-loka heaven-realms. Standing translator note required on first occurrence per document, equating स्वर्गको राज्य with परमेश्वरको राज्य. Densest at Matthew 13; also 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 7:21; 8:11; 16:19; 18:1-4,23; 19:12,14,23-24; 20:1; 22:2; 23:13; 25:1.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: रहस्य
Transliteration: rahasya
Doctrine: The Mystery of the Kingdom
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
Risks an esoteric-initiation reading resonant with Kathmandu Valley tantric initiatory ‘mystery’ traditions. Must be paired with the explanation that this mystery is revealed, not withheld, to all who respond in faith. Matthew 13:11-17.
Son Of David
Approved rendering: दाऊदका पुत्र
Transliteration: Daudka Putra
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
Built on baseline दाऊद. Distinct from दाऊदको वंश (lineage-of-flesh emphasis); this is a direct messianic confession/address used by petitioners (9:27; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15). Matthew 1:1,20; 22:42.
Fulfill
Approved rendering: पूरा गर्नु
Transliteration: pura garnu
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant
Must convey linear, once-for-all historical completion, never cyclical yuga cosmology or rebirth-cycle completion. Occurs at least 16 times, including 10 explicit formula-quotations (1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 27:9), plus 5:17; 26:54,56.
Authority
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikar
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
No independent cosmological collision, but teaching material must stress that Jesus’s authority is inherent and divine, not delegated, unlike the scribes (7:28-29). Christologically-loaded occurrences (9:6; 21:23-27; 28:18) require theologian review.
Forgive Sins Authority
Approved rendering: पाप क्षमा गर्नु
Transliteration: paap kshama garnu
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἀφίημι ἁμαρτίας
Category: Christology
Built on baseline पाप. Central to 9:2-6; Jesus’s claim to forgive sins is itself a deity claim, tying Authority-of-Jesus and Deity-of-Christ doctrines together.
Unclean Defile
Approved rendering: अशुद्ध
Transliteration: ashuddha
Doctrine: Purity of Heart versus Ritual Purity
Original: κοινός / κοινόω
Category: Kingdom Ethics
High risk given Nepal’s caste-linked purity/pollution system, but the risk runs constructively here: Jesus relativizes external ritual-purity categories in favor of the heart (15:11,18-20). Do not confuse with पाप (sin).
Bind Loose
Approved rendering: बाँध्नु / फुकाउनु
Transliteration: bandhnu / phukaunu
Doctrine: Church Discipline: Binding and Loosing
Original: δέω / λύω
Category: Church
Nepal-specific collision with no baseline precedent: dhami-jhankri shamanic tradition includes literal ritual ‘binding’ (मन्त्रले बाँध्ने) of spirits. Must distinguish the church’s corporate, Scripture-governed declarative authority (16:19; 18:18) from shamanic technique.
Forgive Forgiveness
Approved rendering: क्षमा दिनु
Transliteration: kshama dinu
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀφίημι / ἄφεσις
Category: Church
Distinguish from karmic consequence that must be worked out or exhausted by the actor rather than released by another party. Flag every occurrence (6:12-15; 9:2-6; 18:21-35; 26:28).
All Authority
Approved rendering: पूर्ण अधिकार
Transliteration: purna adhikar
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: πᾶσα ἐξουσία
Category: Church
Built on अधिकार. Occurs at 28:18, the hinge on which the entire Commission rests.
Make Disciples
Approved rendering: चेला बनाउनु
Transliteration: chela banaunu
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύω
Category: Church
Built on चेला (see disciple entry for its guru-shishya collision risk). The Commission’s central imperative verb; occurs at 28:19.
Baptism
Approved rendering: बप्तिस्मा
Transliteration: baptisma
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Church
Transliterate. Distinguish from Nepal’s repeatable Hindu ritual river-bathing purification; Christian baptism is a single, non-repeatable sign. Matthew 3:6,11,13-16; 28:19.
Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: आगमन
Transliteration: aagaman
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s singular, visible, glorious future return, distinct from his once-for-all incarnational coming (देहधारण). Must not suggest a repeatable avatar-descent pattern. Matthew 24:3,27,37,39.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyaya
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: κρίσις / κρίμα
Category: Eschatology
God’s personal, final, moral reckoning; distinguish from impersonal, self-executing karma. Densest in chapters 24-25; also 7:1-2; 10:15; 11:22,24; 12:36,41-42; 23:33.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: anant jivan
Doctrine: The Two Eternal Destinies: Life and Punishment
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Same dual-front distinction as the baseline’s salvation entry: never मोक्ष/निर्वाण-adjacent framing. Names unending personal life in conscious fellowship with God. Matthew 19:16,29; 25:46.
Disciple
Approved rendering: चेला
Transliteration: chela
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
चेला is also the standard Nepali term for a disciple within the Hindu guru-shishya and Buddhist lama-disciple relationship, oriented toward self-advancement toward liberation. Biblical discipleship is a total, life-reorienting response to Christ’s sovereign call and atoning work. Standing note at first dense cluster (4:18-22); occurs ~40+ times.
Cross
Approved rendering: क्रुस
Transliteration: krus
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
Transliterate. Must never be softened into generic hardship-endurance; specifically costly allegiance to Christ. Matthew 10:38; 16:24; 27:32-42.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: आफैलाई इन्कार गर्नु
Transliteration: aafailai inkar garnu
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι (reflexive)
Category: Discipleship
The definitive statement of the Cost-of-Discipleship doctrine (16:24-26); must not be generalized into ordinary self-sacrifice divorced from Christ.
Confess Deny Christ
Approved rendering: स्वीकार गर्नु / इन्कार गर्नु
Transliteration: svikar garnu / inkar garnu
Doctrine: Confession and Denial of Christ
Original: ὁμολογέω / ἀρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
Live social/legal cost of public Christian confession in Nepal historically and to some degree still today. Matthew 10:32-33; 26:69-75.
Worship Proskuneo
Approved rendering: आराधना गर्नु
Transliteration: aradhana garnu
Doctrine: The Worship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: दण्डवत् गर्नु
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
Render आराधना गर्नु consistently, NOT दण्डवत् गर्नु, which carries strong Hindu ritual-prostration associations. Flag each occurrence (2:2,11; 4:9-10; 14:33; 28:9,17) for homage-vs-worship sense; theologian review required for occurrences touching Christ’s deity.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: shaitan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: Satan and Demons
Original: διάβολος / Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Established transliterated term. Must not be flattened into an impersonal principle of evil or a karmic force. Matthew 4:1,5,8,10; 12:26; 13:39; 16:23; 25:41.
Demon
Approved rendering: दुष्ट आत्मा
Transliteration: dushta atma
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: Satan and Demons
Rejected alternatives: भूत
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Render दुष्ट आत्मा, NEVER भूत alone. भूत collides with Nepali folk-religion ghost/restless-spirit phenomena addressed through dhami-jhankri exorcism ritual. Matthew 8:16,28-33; 9:32-34; 10:1,8; 12:22-28,43-45; 15:22; 17:18.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: The Greatest Commandment: Love
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Distinguish from भक्ति (Hindu/Buddhist devotional-reverence connotations oriented toward liberation/merit). ἀγάπη here is holistic, covenantal love toward a personal God who has first loved his people. Matthew 5:44; 19:19; 22:37-40.
Transfigured
Approved rendering: रूप बदलिनु
Transliteration: rup badalinu
Doctrine: The Transfiguration and the Glory of Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Christology
A one-time revelatory unveiling of Christ’s pre-existing divine glory, not a repeatable avatar-appearance transformation pattern. Matthew 17:1-8.
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: pashchatap
Doctrine: Repentance
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Faith
A relational turning toward a personal God who forgives, distinguished from Hindu/Buddhist ritual penance aimed at balancing karmic debt. Matthew 3:2,8,11; 4:17; 11:20-21; 12:41.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The Twelve are named apostles at Matthew 10:2; distinguish from a generic guru/lama teacher role.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 5:9 (peacemakers) and 10:34-36 (‘not peace but a sword’) must both be handled: reconciling character reflecting the Father, and the social cost of allegiance to Christ, without contradiction.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: आत्मिक वरदान
Transliteration: atmik varadan
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: वरदान
Original: χαρίσματα (conceptual; cf. enablement motifs)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. No dense direct-term cluster in Matthew; no independent Matthew-specific risk beyond the baseline’s caution against वरदान alone (tantric siddhi collision).
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mandali
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER मन्दिर or गुम्बा. First appears in the Gospels at 16:18 and again at 18:17.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको राज्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko Rajya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew’s occasional synonym for स्वर्गको राज्य, at 6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43. Teaching material must state explicitly this names the identical reality.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Correct for Jew/Gentile-contrastive contexts (4:15; 6:32; 10:5,18; 12:18,21; 20:19; 24:9,14). Must NOT be used at 28:19’s universal ‘all nations’ Commission — use सबै जातिहरू there.
Intercession
Approved rendering: मध्यस्थता
Transliteration: madhyasthata
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Not a dense lexical cluster in Matthew; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors the genealogy (1:1-17) and the repeated ‘Son of David’ confessional title (see दाऊदका पुत्र below, kept distinct from दाऊदको वंश).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed directly by Jesus’s earthly ministry (10:6; 15:24).
Abba
Approved rendering: अब्बा
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Does not lexically occur in Matthew’s own Gethsemane account (26:39 has ‘My Father,’ unlike Mark 14:36’s Abba); retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Meek
Approved rendering: नम्र
Transliteration: namra
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πραΰς
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Risks being misheard as commending caste-enforced social submission (Muluki Ain background) rather than freely chosen, Christ-modeled gentleness before God. Matthew 5:5.
Peacemakers
Approved rendering: शान्ति स्थापना गर्नेहरू
Transliteration: shanti sthapana garneharu
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: εἰρηνοποιοί
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Built on the baseline-safe शान्ति root. Avoid reducing this to secular political peace-brokering; ties to being ‘called sons of God’ — render as परमेश्वरका सन्तान, not परमेश्वरका पुत्र. Matthew 5:9.
Reward
Approved rendering: इनाम
Transliteration: inaam
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: μισθός
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Risk of merit-accounting misread; gloss as gracious, not earned, recompense wherever this recurs. Matthew 5:12; 6:1-6,16-18; 10:41-42.
Keys Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: स्वर्गको राज्यका साँचाहरू
Transliteration: svargako rajyaka sanchaharu
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom
Built on स्वर्गको राज्य plus साँचो (key). Must be taught as delegated declarative authority, not magical or talismanic keys. Matthew 16:19.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: कोणेढुङ्गा
Transliteration: konedhunga
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: κεφαλὴ γωνίας
Category: Christology
Rejection-then-vindication motif ties Messianic Promise and Fulfillment-of-Prophecy doctrines together. Matthew 21:42, quoting Psalm 118:22.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: यहूदीहरूका राजा
Transliteration: yahudiharuka raja
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
The mocking titulus at the crucifixion (27:11,29,37) is, in Matthean irony, simultaneously the truest title given to Jesus in the Passion narrative. Teach this irony explicitly.
Renewal Palingenesia
Approved rendering: नयाँ सृष्टि
Transliteration: naya srishti
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: जगतको पुनर्स्थापना, पुनर्जन्म-based renderings
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Eschatology
Avoid any rendering built on पुनर्जन्म despite the surface morphological similarity (‘again-birth’); this is cosmic renewal of the world, not individual rebirth. Matthew 19:28.
Scribes
Approved rendering: शास्त्री
Transliteration: shastri
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: γραμματεῖς
Category: Covenant
Minor risk of reading as a generic Hindu pundit/religious-scholar role rather than the specific first-century Jewish legal-scholar class Matthew contrasts with Jesus.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: शबथ
Transliteration: shabath
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Rejected alternatives: विश्रामको दिन
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
‘Lord of the Sabbath’ (12:8) ties directly to the Authority-of-Jesus and Deity-of-Christ doctrines. Matthew 12:1-14; 24:20; 28:1.
Perfect
Approved rendering: पूर्ण
Transliteration: purna
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: सिद्ध
Original: τέλειος
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Render पूर्ण, NEVER सिद्ध. सिद्ध names a सिद्ध पुरुष — a Hindu/tantric adept who has attained supernatural spiritual perfection through practice, prized in Newar Tantric tradition. Matthew 5:48; 19:21.
Hypocrite
Approved rendering: पाखण्डी
Transliteration: pakhandi
Doctrine: Hypocrisy and Outward Religiosity
Original: ὑποκριτής
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Well-established Nepali vocabulary; dense concentration in the Seven Woes (23:13-29); also 6:2,5,16; 7:5; 15:7; 22:18; 24:51.
Rock Petra
Approved rendering: चट्टान
Transliteration: chattan
Doctrine: The Church as Covenant Community
Original: πέτρα
Category: Church
The Greek Πέτρος/πέτρα wordplay does not transfer to Nepali (पिटर has no natural connection to चट्टान). Standing translator note required at 16:18.
Judge Krino
Approved rendering: न्याय गर्नु
Transliteration: nyaya garnu
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: दोष लगाउनु
Original: κρίνω
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Forbidden hypocritical judging (7:1-2); keep consistently distinct from legitimate church discipline (ch.18) and God’s own final judgment (ch.25).
All Nations
Approved rendering: सबै जातिहरू
Transliteration: sabai jatiharu
Doctrine: The Universal Scope of the Commission
Rejected alternatives: अन्यजाति
Original: πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Church
Render सबै जातिहरू, NOT अन्यजाति, at Matthew 28:19. अन्यजाति is correct for Jew/Gentile-contrastive passages (4:15;10:5;12:18-21) but a wrongly narrowing choice at 28:19’s universal scope — a ‘trap’ risk given the baseline default.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: झूटा अगमवक्ता
Transliteration: jhutha agamavakta
Doctrine: False Prophets and Discernment
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: Eschatology
Built on baseline अगमवक्ता. Never confuse with ज्योतिषी. Matthew 7:15; 24:11,24.
Follow
Approved rendering: पछ्याउनु
Transliteration: pachyaunu
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
Standing verb for committed discipleship throughout the book. Matthew 4:20; 8:19,22; 9:9; 16:24; 19:27-28.
Temptation Tempter
Approved rendering: परीक्षा
Transliteration: pariksha
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: πειρασμός / ὁ πειράζων
Category: Christology
Standard term, though परीक्षा also means ordinary ‘examination/test’; context must clarify moral stakes. Matthew 4:1-11; 6:13; 26:41.
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: svargadut
Doctrine: Angels and Heavenly Beings
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God
Established Nepali Christian term for a created servant-messenger. Mild collision with देवता category in Hindu cosmology; angels are created servants, never objects of worship.
Compassion Splanchnizomai
Approved rendering: दयाले भरिनु
Transliteration: dayale bharinu
Doctrine: Mercy and Compassion
Rejected alternatives: करुणाले भरिनु
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Built on दया. Avoid करुणा for the same Buddhist Brahma-vihara reason flagged under mercy above. Matthew 9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34.
Passover
Approved rendering: निस्तार-चाड
Transliteration: nistar-chad
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
Ties the Last Supper to Passover-lamb typology; no independent Nepali cultural referent, requires explanatory teaching note. Matthew 26:2,17-19.
Magi
Approved rendering: पूर्वबाट आएका विद्वानहरू
Transliteration: purvabata aayeka vidwanharu
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
A literal ज्योतिषी (astrologer) rendering risks positively framing astrology-based prediction as a legitimate path to the Messiah. Render as ‘learned men who came from the East.’ Gentile outsiders recognizing the king while Israel’s own establishment does not; ties to Unity-of-Jews-and-Gentiles doctrine. Matthew 2:1-12.
Mammon
Approved rendering: मामोन
Transliteration: mamon
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: धन alone
Transliterate as मामोन, glossed with धन-सम्पत्ति (wealth/possessions) rather than flattening to धन alone, preserving the personification (‘you cannot serve God and mammon’). Matthew 6:24.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurrences at 15:36 and 26:27 carry no independent doctrinal risk beyond the baseline profile.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता
Original: κοινωνία (conceptual; cf. table-fellowship motifs)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Matthew 9:10-13’s table-fellowship with tax collectors and ‘sinners’ is the primary illustrative narrative; retains the weight established in the baseline given Nepal’s church history.
Prophet
Approved rendering: अगमवक्ता
Transliteration: agamavakta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ज्योतिषी
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Never ज्योतिषी. Dense usage throughout, including the persecuted-prophets motif of 23:29-37.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: अगमवाणी
Transliteration: agamavani
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ten explicit ‘that it might be fulfilled’ formula-quotations throughout Matthew.
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित पार्नु
Transliteration: utsahit parnu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Thematic in Matthew’s teaching discourses; no dense direct-term cluster.
Mourn
Approved rendering: शोक गर्नेहरू
Transliteration: shok garneharu
Doctrine: Beatitudes and Kingdom Blessedness
Original: πενθέω
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Standard grief vocabulary. Brief contrastive note recommended distinguishing this from the Buddhist framing of grief as attachment to be extinguished rather than honored and comforted by God. Matthew 5:4.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: होशाना
Transliteration: hoshana
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Ὡσαννά
Category: Christology
Transliterate with a standing gloss ‘बचाउनुहोस्’ (save us), parallel to the baseline’s treatment of अब्बा. Matthew 21:9,15.
Woe
Approved rendering: धिक्कार
Transliteration: dhikkar
Doctrine: Hypocrisy and Outward Religiosity
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom Ethics
Forms the direct rhetorical inverse of धन्य (5:3-11); teach as a matched literary/doctrinal pair. Matthew 11:21; 18:7; 23:13-29; 24:19; 26:24.
Yoke
Approved rendering: जुवा
Transliteration: juwa
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship
Contrasts the burdensome yoke of legal-performance with Christ’s ‘light’ yoke. Requires a brief agrarian-metaphor gloss for urban readers. Matthew 11:29-30.
Rest
Approved rendering: विश्राम
Transliteration: vishram
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Discipleship
Distinguish from meditative equanimity or the cessation-of-craving goal shared by Hindu/Buddhist practice, paralleling the baseline’s peace caution. Matthew 11:28-29.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: तिरो असुल्ने
Transliteration: tiro asulne
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Socio-historical term for the despised tax-farming class; Jesus’s association with tax collectors and ‘sinners’ (9:9-13) anticipates Universal Human Accountability and Unity-of-Jews-and-Gentiles doctrines. Matthew 9:9-13; 10:3; 11:19; 18:17; 21:31-32.
Referenced passages