Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude (English/Greek → Nepali)
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Jude (all 25 verses). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and carry over their exact recorded rendering, risk tier, and rejected alternatives without modification. Terms new to the Jude curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed here for addition to translation memory in Phase 2, following the same schema and risk framework as the baseline.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline Translation Memory
| English Term | Nepali Term | Transliteration | Greek Original | Doctrine Risk | Jude Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | विश्वास | vishwas | πίστις | High | 1:3, 1:20 | In Jude, extends to the objective sense (“the faith,” a body of doctrine), not only personal trust. See translator note at 1:3. |
| grace | अनुग्रह | anugraha | χάρις | High | 1:4 | The false teachers pervert grace into license — reinforce contrast with merit/license, not just merit. |
| salvation (root) | उद्धार | uddhar | σωτηρία | Critical | 1:3, 1:23 | Never मुक्ति/मोक्ष/निर्वाण. |
| save (verb, root) | बचाउनु / उद्धार गर्नु | bachaunu / uddhar garnu | σῴζω | Critical | 1:5, 1:23 | Verb form of उद्धार. |
| Savior (derived) | उद्धारकर्ता | uddharkarta | σωτήρ | Critical | 1:25 | New compound built directly on TM’s उद्धार root; never उद्धार replaced by मुक्ति root. |
| Lord | प्रभु | prabhu | κύριος | Critical | 1:4, 1:5(implicit), 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Exclusive, supreme lordship. |
| God | परमेश्वर | Parameshwar | θεός | Critical | 1:1, 1:4, 1:21, 1:25 | Never भगवान. |
| holy | पवित्र | pavitra | ἅγιος | High | 1:20 (ἁγιωτάτῃ), 1:14 (ἁγίαις μυριάσιν) | Also root of “holy angels/myriads” compound. |
| saints / holy ones | पवित्र जन | pavitra jan | ἅγιοι | High | 1:3 | Never सन्त/साधु. |
| called | बोलाइएका | bolaieka | κλητός | High | 1:1 | Same context-sensitivity note as Romans baseline. |
| apostle | प्रेरित | prerit | ἀπόστολος | Medium | 1:17 | The apostles’ own predicted warning grounds Jude’s authority. |
| Holy Spirit | पवित्र आत्मा | Pavitra Atma | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα (contextual) | Critical | 1:19, 1:20 | 1:19’s bare πνεῦμα is contextually the Holy Spirit; do not render as a generic/lesser spirit. |
| glory | महिमा | mahima | δόξα | High | 1:8 (extended plural sense), 1:24-25 | See extended-sense translator note at 1:8 for the plural δόξας (“glorious beings”). |
| Jesus | येशू | Yeshu | Ἰησοῦς | Critical | throughout | Established form. |
| Christ | ख्रीष्ट | Khrist | Χριστός | Critical | throughout | Established form (per baseline AI instructions doc). |
| Amen | आमेन | Amen | ἀμήν | Low | 1:25 | Established transliteration. |
| Moses | मोशे | Moshe | Μωϋσῆς | Low | 1:9 | Established proper-name form. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Jude (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)
| # | English Term | Nepali Term | Transliteration | Greek Original | Doctrine | Risk | Jude Ref(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Risk Reasoning / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | servant/bondservant | दास | daas | δοῦλος | Christian Identity / Authorial Self-Designation | Medium | 1:1 | — | Carries residual South Asian servitude/caste-labor connotations; theological sense (honored, willing belonging to Christ) must not be read as demeaning social status. |
| 2 | beloved | प्रिय | priya | ἠγαπημένοι | Divine Calling | Low | 1:1 | — | Standard warm epistolary address. |
| 3 | kept/preserved (by God) | सुरक्षित राखिएका | surakshit rakhieka | τηρέω (τετηρημένοις) | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | 1:1, 1:6, 1:13 | — | ANCHOR TERM: same root family must be used at 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24 to preserve the letter’s deliberate wordplay contrasting God’s keeping of believers with angels “kept” for judgment and believers commanded to “keep” themselves. |
| 4 | keep yourselves | आफूलाई…राख्नु | aafulai…rakhnu | τηρέω (τηρήσατε, reflexive) | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | High | 1:21 | — | Human-responsibility half of the divine-keeping/human-keeping paradox; must not imply self-achieved merit. |
| 5 | guard/keep from stumbling | सुरक्षा गर्नु / जोगाउनु | suraksha garnu / jogaunu | φυλάσσω (φυλάξαι) | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:24 | — | Doxological climax of the τηρέω motif — God’s own ability to guard successfully. |
| 6 | mercy | दया | daya | ἔλεος | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23 | कृपा (reserved per baseline for non-soteriological general compassion) | Must be kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace/unmerited favor establishing status); दया is compassionate rescuing action toward those in need/danger — the letter’s climactic pastoral term. |
| 7 | peace | शान्ति | shanti | εἰρήνη | (epistolary greeting) | Medium | 1:2 | — | REUSED principle from baseline peace entry though not identical baseline lemma; relational wellbeing. |
| 8 | love | प्रेम | prem | ἀγάπη | (general) | Low | 1:2, 1:12 (love feasts), 1:21 (love of God) | — | Standard term; God’s committed covenantal love. |
| 9 | contend for (the faith) | (विश्वासको निम्ति) सङ्घर्ष गर्नु | (vishwasko nimti) sangharsha garnu | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | High | 1:3 | — | Must avoid both violent-conflict overtones and mere-polite-debate softening; anchor term for the letter’s central doctrine. |
| 10 | delivered once for all | एक पटक सदाको निम्ति सुम्पिएको | ek patak sadako nimti sumpieko | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | High | 1:3 | — | Contrasts with cyclical avatāra-style periodic re-revelation and with open-ended “ongoing enlightenment lineage” frameworks. |
| 11 | ungodly / ungodliness | अधार्मिक / अधार्मिकता | adharmik / adharmikata | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:4, 1:15, 1:18 | अधर्मी (retains bare धर्म root — rejected); भक्तिहीन (echoes भक्ति’s Hindu/Buddhist devotional connotations — rejected) | Built on the already-established धार्मिक root (TM’s धार्मिकता/righteousness) rather than the bare noun धर्म, avoiding the Muluki Ain/caste-code and Hindu-Kingdom associations the baseline critically prohibits. |
| 12 | sensuality / licentiousness | लम्पटता | lampatata | ἀσέλγεια | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:4 | — | A specific named vice-category, not to be collapsed into generic पाप. |
| 13 | Master/Sovereign (of Christ) | अधिपति | adhipati | δεσπότης | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Lordship | High | 1:4 | मालिक (already rejected in Romans baseline for lord); स्वामी (rejected — Hindu ascetic-guru honorific title, e.g. “Swami”) | Paired with प्रभु (κύριος) to double-emphasize Christ’s absolute ownership; स्वामी risk is specific and grounded in South Asian religious-title usage. |
| 14 | angel | स्वर्गदूत | swargadoot | ἄγγελος | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:6, 1:9 | — | Must not be conflated with generic देवता (deity) figures. |
| 15 | condemnation/judgment-sentence | दण्डाज्ञा | dandagya | κρίμα | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:4 | — | Distinct from broader न्याय (κρίσις); a specific decreed verdict, not fate. |
| 16 | judgment (the act/day of) | न्याय | nyaya | κρίσις | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:6, 1:15 | — | Personal, moral, forensic judgment; not impersonal cosmic reckoning or karma. |
| 17 | eternal chains/bonds | अनन्त बन्धन | anant bandhan | δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:6 | — | “Eternal” must be truly unending, not long-but-finite. |
| 18 | deep darkness/gloom | गहिरो अन्धकार | gahiro andhakar | ζόφος | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:6 | — | Real judgment-darkness, not symbolic ignorance. |
| 19 | strange/other flesh | अनौठो शरीर / पर शरीर | anautho sharir / par sharir | σαρκὸς ἑτέρας | Old Testament Warnings as Types | High | 1:7 | — | Kept deliberately literal/non-explanatory, matching the Greek’s own reticence; functions as OT warning-type without over-specification. |
| 20 | eternal fire | अनन्त आगो | anant aago | πῦρ αἰώνιον | Old Testament Warnings as Types | High | 1:7 | — | Sharply distinguished from Hindu/Buddhist naraka concepts (temporary, purgatorial, cycle-bound) — this fire’s judgment never ends and admits no rebirth or reprieve. |
| 21 | punishment | सजाय | sajai | δίκη | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:7 | — | Judicial penalty. |
| 22 | defile | अशुद्ध पार्नु | ashuddha parnu | μιαίνω | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:8 | — | Must be moral defilement, not ritual/ceremonial purity code (जुठो); cf. related risk at #38 below (defiled garment). |
| 23 | lordship/dominion (contested referent) | प्रभुत्व | prabhutwa | κυριότης | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:8 | — | Built on प्रभु root; exegetically ambiguous referent (angelic authority vs. Christ’s own lordship) — flag for theologian review. |
| 24 | glorious ones/beings (plural δόξα) | महिमावान् प्राणीहरू | mahimaban praniharu | δόξαι (δόξας) | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:8 | — | Extended, concrete-plural sense distinct from abstract महिमा (glory); requires translator clarification note. |
| 25 | blaspheme/blasphemy | निन्दा गर्नु / निन्दा | ninda garnu / ninda | βλασφημέω / βλασφημία | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:8, 1:9, 1:10 | — | Irreverent slander against a sacred/exalted referent. |
| 26 | archangel | प्रधान स्वर्गदूत | pradhan swargadoot | ἀρχάγγελος | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:9 | — | Michael’s title, distinguished from ordinary angels. |
| 27 | the devil | दियाबल | diyabal | διάβολος | Old Testament Warnings as Types | High | 1:9 | — | Must remain the singular, specific fallen angelic adversary of Scripture, not assimilated into Nepali folk shamanistic भूत-प्रेत (spirit) tradition. |
| 28 | dispute/argue | विवाद गर्नु | vivad garnu | διακρίνομαι (disputing sense) | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:9 | — | CROSS-REFERENCE WARNING: same Greek root as #29 below, opposite sense — must use a different Nepali word than #29. |
| 29 | waver/doubt | शंका गर्ने / डाँवाडोल हुने | shanka garne / danwadol hune | διακρίνομαι (wavering sense) | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:22 | — | CROSS-REFERENCE WARNING: same Greek root as #28 above, opposite sense — must NOT share a Nepali rendering with #28, or the “wavering” doctrine is obscured. |
| 30 | rebuke | हप्काउनु | hapkaunu | ἐπιτιμάω | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:9 | — | Authoritative correction, deferred to the Lord’s own authority. |
| 31 | irrational animals | बुद्धिहीन पशुहरू | buddhiheen pashuharu | ἄλογα ζῷα | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:10 | — | Descriptive comparison. |
| 32 | corrupted/destroyed | भ्रष्ट/नष्ट हुनु | bhrashta/nashta hunu | φθείρω | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:10 | — | Self-destructive moral corruption. |
| 33 | woe | धिक्कार | dhikkar | οὐαί | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:11 | — | Prophetic/judicial pronouncement, not mere lament. |
| 34 | way/path (of Cain) | बाटो | baato | ὁδός | Old Testament Warnings as Types | High | 1:11 | — | Risk of resonance with South Asian “marga” (path) religious vocabulary implying multiple valid spiritual paths; Cain’s “way” is a specific condemned pattern, not one path among many. |
| 35 | error/deceit (of Balaam) | भ्रम | bhram | πλάνη | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:11 | — | Moral/doctrinal error for profit — not to be confused with माया/अविद्या (metaphysical illusion). |
| 36 | wage/reward | ज्याला / इनाम | jyala / inaam | μισθός | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:11 | — | Balaam’s profit-motive corruption of prophetic office. |
| 37 | rebellion (of Korah) | विद्रोह | vidroh | ἀντιλογία | Old Testament Warnings as Types | Medium | 1:11 | — | Rebellion against God-appointed authority; connects to Romans-baseline authority-theme sensitivities. |
| 38 | perish | नष्ट हुनु / विनाश हुनु | nashta hunu / vinash hunu | ἀπόλλυμι | Old Testament Warnings as Types / Judgment | High | 1:5, 1:11 | — | Must convey finality, not a temporary or reversible setback within a merit/rebirth framework. |
| 39 | love feasts | प्रेम-भोज | prem-bhoj | ἀγάπαι | (Church Fellowship, extended) | Medium | 1:12 | — | Distinguish from generic communal feasting and from temple prasad-style ritual meal traditions. |
| 40 | blemish/stain | दाग | daag | σπιλάδες | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:12 | लुकेका चट्टान (hidden reefs — noted textual-variant alternative, not rejected outright) | Moral blot on communal worship; textual tradition also supports “hidden reefs.” |
| 41 | self-shepherding | आफैलाई मात्र स्याहार्ने | aafailai matra syaharne | ποιμαίνοντες ἑαυτούς | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:12 | — | Ironic inversion of the pastoral shepherd metaphor. |
| 42 | waterless clouds | पानी नभएका बादल | pani nabhaeka baadal | νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:12 | — | Empty promise imagery. |
| 43 | fruitless, uprooted trees | फल नफलेका, जरैदेखि उखेलिएका रूखहरू | fal nafaleka, jaraidekhi ukhelieka rukhharu | δένδρα ἄκαρπα ἐκριζωθέντα | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:12 | — | Finality of judgment — uprooted, not merely pruned. |
| 44 | wild sea waves | समुद्रका उग्र छालहरू | samudraka ugra chaalharu | κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:13 | — | Chaotic self-exposure imagery. |
| 45 | shame/disgrace | लाज / अपमान | laaj / apamaan | αἰσχύνη | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:13 | — | Honor-shame coded; public exposure, not private embarrassment. |
| 46 | wandering stars | भौंतारिने ताराहरू | bhauntarine taraaharu | ἀστέρες πλανῆται | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:13 | — | Avoid astrological (ज्योतिष) resonance; image of instability, not celestial omen. |
| 47 | utter darkness forever | सधैंको निम्ति घोर अन्धकार | sadhaiko nimti ghor andhakar | ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:13 | — | Same eternal-vs-cyclical concern as #20 (eternal fire). |
| 48 | prophesied (of Enoch, extra-canonical) | अगमवाणी गर्नुभयो | agamavani garnubhayo | προφητεύω | Inspiration of Scripture (extended) | High | 1:14 | — | UNIQUE TO JUDE: affirms a true prophecy from a book (1 Enoch) outside the Protestant canon; rendering must not imply that book’s canonicity while faithfully rendering Jude’s own affirmation. Theologian review required. |
| 49 | holy myriads | पवित्र स्वर्गदूतहरूको ठूलो समूह | pavitra swargadootharuko thulo samuha | ἅγιαι μυριάδες | Old Testament Warnings as Types (extended) | Medium | 1:14 | — | Vast angelic host attending final judgment. |
| 50 | convict/expose (guilt) | दोषी ठहराउनु | doshi thahraunu | ἐλέγχω | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | High | 1:15 | — | Deliberately parallel construction to TM’s justification phrase (धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य), showing the forensic contrast between condemnation and justification. |
| 51 | sinners | पापी | paapi | ἁμαρτωλός | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:15 | — | Derived from TM’s पाप root. |
| 52 | harsh words | कठोर वचन | kathor vachan | σκληρά | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:15 | — | Rebellious speech against God. |
| 53 | grumblers | गनगन गर्नेहरू | gangan garneharu | γογγυσταί | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:16 | — | Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling. |
| 54 | complainers | गुनासो गर्नेहरू | gunaso garneharu | μεμψίμοιροι | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:16 | — | Chronic dissatisfaction with God’s provision. |
| 55 | evil desire/lust | कुवासना | kuvasana | ἐπιθυμία | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:16, 1:18 | — | Distinguish from neutral इच्छा (ordinary desire). |
| 56 | bombastic/boastful words | ठूला घमण्डी वचन | thula ghamandi vachan | ὑπέρογκα | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low | 1:16 | — | Empty self-aggrandizing rhetoric. |
| 57 | flattering for gain | स्वार्थको निम्ति चाप्लुसी गर्नु | swarthako nimti chaaplusi garnu | θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:16 | — | Patron-client/honor-status dynamics resonance in Nepali society. |
| 58 | in the last time | अन्तिम समयमा | antim samayama | ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου χρόνου | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (eschatology) | Medium | 1:18 | — | Final eschatological period, not a cyclically-recurring “end of an age” (yuga resonance risk). |
| 59 | mockers/scoffers | उपहास गर्नेहरू / ठट्टा गर्नेहरू | upahaas garneharu / thatta garneharu | ἐμπαῖκται | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Medium | 1:18 | — | Predicted end-times figures deriding true doctrine. |
| 60 | those who cause divisions | फुट ल्याउनेहरू | phut lyaauneharu | ἀποδιορίζοντες | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Church Unity | High | 1:19 | — | Active fracturing of church community — serious pastoral/doctrinal concern. |
| 61 | worldly/soulish (without the Spirit) | आत्मारहित सांसारिक | atmarahit sansarik | ψυχικός | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Critical | 1:19 | आत्मिक alone (reserved by baseline for Spirit-given आत्मिक वरदान; would read positively, opposite of intended sense) | Derives from ψυχή (“soul”), colliding with Hindu ātman theology where soul-governed existence is normally exalted; Jude’s usage is negative (deficient, Spirit-lacking). Explicit negative qualifier required in every occurrence. |
| 62 | building yourselves up | आफैलाई सुदृढ पार्दै | aafailai sudridh pardai | ἐποικοδομέω | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Medium | 1:20 | — | Active spiritual growth grounded in the fixed apostolic deposit. |
| 63 | most holy faith | अति पवित्र विश्वास | ati pavitra vishwas | ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | High | 1:20 | — | Compound of two TM roots (पवित्र + विश्वास); do not substitute either root. |
| 64 | eternal life | अनन्त जीवन | anant jeevan | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power (eschatological hope) | High | 1:21 | — | Distinguished from mokṣa/nirvāṇa final-state concepts; unending personal relational life with a personal God, not absorption or cessation. |
| 65 | snatching out of the fire | आगोबाट खोसेर बचाउँदै | aagobaat khoser bachaundai | ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Medium | 1:23 | — | Vivid urgent-rescue imagery, echoing πῦρ αἰώνιον (#20). |
| 66 | with fear/caution | सावधानीका साथ / डरका साथ | savadhaniska saath / darka saath | ἐν φόβῳ | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:23 | — | Wise pastoral wariness of moral contamination, not folk-religious fear-of-spirits/appeasement dynamic (jhakri tradition). |
| 67 | hating (the defilement) | घृणा गर्दै | ghrina gardai | μισοῦντες | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Medium | 1:23 | — | Object is the contamination, not the person being rescued. |
| 68 | garment defiled by the flesh | शरीरबाट अशुद्ध भएको वस्त्र | sharirbaat ashuddha bhaeko vastra | ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | High | 1:23 | — | Direct collision risk with the living Nepali Hindu caste “jutho” (जुठो) ritual-contamination-by-contact practice; must be firmly anchored as moral contamination from sin, not ritual/caste purity. Theologian review required. |
| 69 | without stumbling | नठेस लाग्ने गरी | nathes lagne gari | ἀπταίστους | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium | 1:24 | — | Complete, successful preservation. |
| 70 | present/cause to stand before | सामु उपस्थित गराउनु | saamu upasthit garaaunu | στῆσαι κατενώπιον | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:24 | — | Parallels justification/imputed-righteousness doctrine family — a granted, not self-achieved, standing before God. |
| 71 | blameless/without blemish | निष्खोट / दोषरहित | nishkhot / doshrahit | ἄμωμος | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:24 | — | Forensic-moral blamelessness granted through Christ; guard against ritual-purity (jutho) collapse, parallel to #68. |
| 72 | exultation/great joy | ठूलो आनन्द | thulo aanand | ἀγαλλίασις | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium | 1:24 | — | Celebratory joy, not merely relief. |
| 73 | the only God | एक मात्र परमेश्वर | ek matra Parameshwar | μόνῳ θεῷ | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:25 | — | Exclusivist monotheistic qualifier “एक मात्र” must not be dropped; directly relevant given Nepal’s historic Hindu-Kingdom state pantheon. |
| 74 | majesty | महानता | mahaanata | μεγαλωσύνη | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium | 1:25 | — | Must remain lexically distinct from महिमा (glory, TM) though both appear together in the same doxology. |
| 75 | might/power/dominion | पराक्रम | paraakram | κράτος | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:25 | शक्ति (Never — identical rationale to baseline’s power_of_god Critical prohibition; applies to every Greek word for divine power/might, not narrowly δύναμις) | Newar Tantric Shakta tradition risk applies equally here. |
| 76 | authority | अधिकार | adhikaar | ἐξουσία | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Medium | 1:25 | — | God’s supreme inherent authority, distinct from delegated human governmental authority (Romans 13 sensitivity). |
| 77 | before all ages…forever | हरेक युगभन्दा अगाडि…सदाकाल | harek yugbhanda agaadi…sadaakaal | πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος…εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | High | 1:25 | — | युग (age) risks Hindu yuga-cycle cosmology resonance (Satya/Treta/Dvapara/Kali Yuga); must be anchored as strictly linear, non-repeating eternity, per baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy warning. |
Section C — Proper Names (Established or Newly Attested Forms)
| English | Nepali | Transliteration | Greek | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jude | यहूदा | Yahuda | Ἰούδας | Book title: यहूदाको पत्र. Distinguish from यहूदा इस्करियोती (Judas Iscariot) and the OT patriarch यहूदा (Judah). |
| James | याकूब | Yakoob | Ἰάκωβος | Jude’s brother. |
| Michael | मिखाएल | Mikhael | Μιχαήλ | The archangel. |
| Moses | मोशे | Moshe | Μωϋσῆς | Established Nepali Bible form (per baseline AI instructions doc). |
| Adam | आदम | Aadam | Ἀδάμ | — |
| Enoch | हनोक | Hanok | Ἑνώχ | See #48 above re: extra-canonical prophecy citation. |
| Cain | काईन | Kain | Κάϊν | — |
| Balaam | बालाम | Balaam | Βαλαάμ | — |
| Korah | कोरह | Korah | Κόρε | — |
| Sodom | सदोम | Sadom | Σόδομα | — |
| Gomorrah | गमोरा | Gamora | Γόμορρα | — |
| Egypt | मिश्र (देश) | Mishra (desh) | Αἴγυπτος | — |
Section D — Cross-Cutting Risk Flags Requiring Mandatory Theologian Review
The following terms/passages are flagged Critical or carry a uniquely-grounded High risk requiring human theologian review before Phase 2 translation is finalized, per the escalation logic of the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md:
- σωτήρ / उद्धारकर्ता (Savior, 1:25) — Critical; must never derive from मुक्ति root.
- ψυχικός / आत्मारहित सांसारिक (worldly/soulish, 1:19) — Critical; direct collision risk with Hindu ātman theology.
- ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα / अशुद्ध भएको वस्त्र (defiled garment, 1:23) and ἄμωμος / निष्खोट (blameless, 1:24) — High, paired risk; direct collision with the living Nepali Hindu caste “jutho” (जुठो) ritual-contamination-by-contact practice.
- πῦρ αἰώνιον / अनन्त आगो (eternal fire, 1:7) and ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα / सधैंको निम्ति घोर अन्धकार (utter darkness forever, 1:13) — High; must be distinguished from temporary, cycle-bound naraka concepts in both Hindu and Buddhist frameworks.
- προφητεύω / अगमवाणी गर्नुभयो applied to Enoch’s extra-canonical prophecy (1:14) — High; unique canonicity-boundary issue not present anywhere in the Romans baseline.
- διακρίνομαι — dual, opposite-direction rendering required across 1:9 (विवाद गर्नु, dispute) and 1:22 (शंका गर्ने/डाँवाडोल हुने, waver) — High; same root, must not share a Nepali word.
- δεσπότης / अधिपति (1:4) — High; स्वामी explicitly rejected due to Hindu ascetic-guru title collision.
- αἰών / युग in the closing doxology (1:25) — High; yuga-cosmology collision risk identical in kind to the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine warning.
- κράτος / पराक्रम (1:25) — High; the baseline’s शक्ति prohibition (power_of_god) is confirmed here to extend to every Greek term for divine power/might, not narrowly to δύναμις.
- τηρέω/φυλάσσω word-family (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24) — High; requires cross-verse consistency review to ensure the letter’s deliberate “kept by God / kept for judgment / keep yourselves” wordplay survives translation as a single coherent motif.
This glossary extends, and must remain fully consistent with, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json. All Section A terms are locked to their baseline renderings. Section B terms are proposed new entries pending Phase 2 theologian review and formal addition to translation memory (version increment required upon approval).
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL AND DUAL-FRONT: never मुक्ति/मोक्ष (Hindu liberation from rebirth) and never निर्वाण (Buddhist cessation of self). In Jude 1:3, this is the ‘common salvation’ shared by all believers, under threat from false teaching.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Deity and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Exclusive, supreme Lordship. In Jude occurs at 1:4, 1:5(implicit), 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 and is paired at 1:4 with the new term अधिपति (Sovereign Master) to double-emphasize Christ’s absolute ownership, which the false teachers deny by conduct.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Exclusive Monotheism
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never भगवान. In Jude’s closing doxology (1:25) the exclusivist qualifier एक मात्र (‘only/one’) is mandatory and must never be dropped for stylistic economy — see the only_god entry below.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification / Natural Man versus Spirit-Indwelt Believer / Prayer in the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα (contextual)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ब्रह्म/परमात्मा. In Jude 1:19-20, contextually required even where the bare Greek πνεῦμα lacks the adjective ἅγιον (1:19) — the mark of true believers, absent from the false teachers who are worldly_soulish. Must not be confused with Nepal’s crowded folk spirit-world (भूत-प्रेत).
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Established Nepali Christian standard form, used throughout Jude in the compound ‘Jesus Christ our Lord.‘
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Divine Calling and Belovedness
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father. Present in Jude 1:1 (θεῷ πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις, ‘beloved in God the Father’), grounding the readers’ identity as beloved and called.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from the Romans baseline AI instructions transliteration standard (not a separate baseline translation_memory.json entry, but a fixed established form). Occurs throughout Jude in the compound ‘Jesus Christ our Lord.’ Must not be interpreted as one of several avatars, prophets, or enlightened teachers.
Save
Approved rendering: बचाउनु / उद्धार गर्नु
Transliteration: bachaunu / uddhar garnu
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्त गर्नु, मोक्ष दिनु
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
New verb form built directly on the inherited उद्धार root; never built on a मुक्ति root. Used of God’s historical deliverance of Israel from Egypt (1:5) and of the urgent pastoral rescue of wavering believers (1:23). Must retain the personal, historical rescue sense in both occurrences.
Savior
Approved rendering: उद्धारकर्ता
Transliteration: uddharkarta
Doctrine: Salvation / Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: मुक्तिदाता
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
New compound built directly and exclusively on the उद्धार root, applied to God (through Christ) in the closing doxology (1:25), ‘our only Savior.’ Never मुक्तिदाता (‘liberator’), which would carry Hindu liberation-from-rebirth connotations. Proposed for formal addition to the shared translation memory.
Worldly Soulish
Approved rendering: आत्मारहित सांसारिक
Transliteration: atmarahit sansarik
Doctrine: Natural Man versus Spirit-Indwelt Believer
Rejected alternatives: आत्मिक alone (reserved by the baseline for Spirit-given आत्मिक वरदान; would read positively, opposite of intended sense)
Original: ψυχικοί
Category: Anthropology
SINGLE HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THE LETTER. ψυχικός (‘soulish,’ from ψυχή, 1:19) derives from a soul-concept load-bearing in Hindu ātman theology, where soul-governed existence is normally exalted as the eternal, divine self. Jude’s usage is the OPPOSITE: a deficient, Spirit-lacking condition. A bare soul-related Nepali term would invert the doctrine’s meaning. The explicit negative qualifier आत्मारहित (without the Spirit) is MANDATORY at every occurrence; theologian sign-off required.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith / Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically; श्रद्धा/भक्ति carry Hindu/Buddhist devotional-reverence connotations. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20, this same Nepali word must ALSO carry the objective sense (‘the faith,’ a fixed body of apostolic doctrine) — a sense-extension not present in the Romans baseline. Translators must not let विश्वास read only as private feeling at these two occurrences.
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace / Perversion of Grace into License
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, पुण्य, भाग्य
Original: χάρις
Category: Grace
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from merit; never पुण्य/भाग्य. In Jude 1:4 the risk is amplified because false teachers explicitly twist grace into license (ασέλγεια/लम्पटता); अनुग्रह must remain unambiguously ‘unmerited favor,’ never sliding toward ‘merit’ or ‘the source of license.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification / Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure, not ritual-purity. Root of two Jude-specific compounds: अति पवित्र विश्वास (most holy faith, 1:20) and पवित्र स्वर्गदूतहरूको ठूलो समूह (holy myriads, 1:14).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: सन्त, साधु
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to every ordinary believer, never सन्त/साधु (Nepal’s nationally-honored wandering-ascetic ideal). In Jude 1:3, the recipients of the once-for-all-delivered faith.
Called
Approved rendering: बोलाइएका
Transliteration: bolaieka
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Belovedness
Rejected alternatives: निमन्त्रित
Original: κλητός
Category: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:1, the readers’ fundamental identity as those summoned by God’s sovereign initiative, not self-initiated spiritual seeking or karma-determined destiny.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Standard abstract sense in the doxology (1:24-25). Jude 1:8 extends δόξα to a distinct CONCRETE PLURAL sense (‘glorious beings’) — see the new glorious_beings entry; do not conflate that extended sense with this abstract term without a translator note.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अकुशल कर्म
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, not impersonal karmic ‘unskillful action.’ Root of the new Jude term ‘sinners’ (पापी, 1:15).
Kept By God
Approved rendering: सुरक्षित राखिएका
Transliteration: surakshit rakhieka
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: बचाइएका, जोगिएका
Original: τηρέω (τετηρημένοις)
Category: Preservation
ANCHOR TERM of the letter’s central τηρέω word-family (1:1, 1:6, 1:13). Must be rendered with the SAME Nepali root consistently at 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, and 1:24 so the deliberate contrast (angels ‘kept’ for judgment vs. believers ‘kept’ for glory) survives translation. Cross-verse consistency review mandatory.
Keep Yourselves
Approved rendering: आफूलाई…राख्नु
Transliteration: aafulai…rakhnu
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω (τηρήσατε, reflexive)
Category: Preservation
The reflexive imperative at 1:21 — the human-responsibility half of the divine-keeping/human-keeping paradox. Must use the same τηρέω-root family as kept_by_god and must never imply self-achieved merit (guard against पुण्य-style merit accounting).
Guard From Stumbling
Approved rendering: सुरक्षा गर्नु / जोगाउनु
Transliteration: suraksha garnu / jogaunu
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: φυλάσσω (φυλάξαι)
Category: Preservation
God’s ability to guard believers ‘without stumbling’ in the closing doxology (1:24, φυλάσσω) — the letter’s climactic resolution of the τηρέω motif. Should echo, not duplicate, the kept_by_god root family so readers recognize this as the letter’s answer to its own tension.
Mercy
Approved rendering: दया
Transliteration: daya
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: कृपा
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Compassionate, RESCUING action toward those in need or danger — the letter’s climactic pastoral term (1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23). Must be kept distinct from अनुग्रह (grace/status) and from कृपा (reserved per baseline for general, non-soteriological compassion only).
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वासको निम्ति सङ्घर्ष गर्नु
Transliteration: vishwasko nimti sangharsha garnu
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: लड्नु (to fight — too violent), बहस गर्नु (to debate — too weak, implies one opinion among many)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Contending for the Faith
Anchor verb for the letter’s central doctrine (1:3, ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι). Must avoid both violent-conflict overtones and mere-polite-debate softening; a live risk in Nepal’s pluralistic ‘many paths’ religious environment.
Delivered Once For All
Approved rendering: एक पटक सदाको निम्ति सुम्पिएको
Transliteration: ek patak sadako nimti sumpieko
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Contending for the Faith
Describes the apostolic faith (1:3) as a fixed, closed, non-repeatable deposit. Must be distinguished from the Hindu avatāra pattern of dharma periodically restored/re-revealed age after age, and from an ‘ongoing enlightenment lineage’ framing in Buddhist teaching traditions.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: अधार्मिक / अधार्मिकता
Transliteration: adharmik / adharmikata
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: अधर्मी, भक्तिहीन
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment
Built on the already-Christianized धार्मिक root (from the baseline’s धार्मिकता, righteousness), never on the bare धर्म noun (Muluki Ain caste-code / Hindu-Kingdom associations, Critically prohibited by the baseline). अधर्मी rejected for retaining the bare धर्म root; भक्तिहीन rejected for echoing भक्ति’s devotional connotations. The letter’s central designation for the false teachers (1:4, 1:15, 1:18).
Sovereign Master
Approved rendering: अधिपति
Transliteration: adhipati
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, स्वामी
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Paired with प्रभु at 1:4 (δεσπότης) to doubly emphasize Christ’s absolute ownership, denied by the false teachers. मालिक already rejected in the baseline (ordinary-employer connotation). स्वामी rejected because it is the standard South Asian honorific for a Hindu ascetic guru (‘Swami’); using it for Christ would place him inside that guru-title framework instead of conveying absolute divine ownership.
Judgment
Approved rendering: न्याय
Transliteration: nyaya
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Eternal Judgment and the Nature of Hell
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
The act/day of judgment (κρίσις): the ‘great day’ awaiting the fallen angels (1:6) and the universal judgment ‘against all’ at Christ’s coming (1:15). Must retain a personal, moral, once-for-all forensic sense, never an impersonal cosmic-order reckoning or karma-driven consequence.
Strange Flesh
Approved rendering: अनौठो शरीर / पर शरीर
Transliteration: anautho sharir / par sharir
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Old Testament Types
Sodom’s unnatural transgression of the created order (1:7, σαρκὸς ἑτέρας). Must remain deliberately literal and non-explanatory, matching the Greek text’s own reticence — neither softened nor over-specified; functions purely as a warning-type.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: अनन्त आगो
Transliteration: anant aago
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment and the Nature of Hell
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
Permanent, unending fire of judgment publicly borne by Sodom and Gomorrah (1:7, πῦρ αἰώνιον). Sharply distinguished from Hindu/Buddhist naraka (hell-realm) concepts, which in both traditions are temporary, purgatorial states within an ongoing rebirth cycle — never a final, unending state.
Lordship Dominion
Approved rendering: प्रभुत्व
Transliteration: prabhutwa
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
Rejected by the false teachers (1:8, κυριότης). Genuinely ambiguous referent (created authorities in general, or Christ’s own lordship specifically) — flag for theologian review. Built on the प्रभु root to preserve the Greek’s κύριος/κυριότης wordplay.
Glorious Beings
Approved rendering: महिमावान् प्राणीहरू
Transliteration: mahimaban praniharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: δόξαι (δόξας)
Category: Angelology
Concrete plural referring to glorious/exalted (likely angelic) beings (1:8, δόξας), extending δόξα beyond its usual abstract sense. NOT the abstract ‘glory of God’ (महिमा alone); rendering it identically without clarification would obscure the referent. Translator note required.
Devil
Approved rendering: दियाबल
Transliteration: diyabal
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
Transliterated title (1:9, διάβολος) for the singular, specific, personal fallen angelic adversary. Must not be assimilated into Nepal’s vivid jhakri/shamanic folk tradition of localized malevolent spirits (भूत-प्रेत) requiring ritual appeasement or exorcism.
Waver Doubt
Approved rendering: शंका गर्ने / डाँवाडोल हुने
Transliteration: shanka garne / danwadol hune
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρίνομαι (wavering sense)
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Believers struggling with doubt under the false teachers’ influence, objects of mercy (1:22, διακρίνομαι, wavering sense). CROSS-REFERENCE WARNING: same Greek root as dispute (1:9), opposite sense — must NOT share a Nepali word with that entry, or the doctrine of Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering is obscured. Manuscript tradition also varies at this verse; flag for theologian review regardless of textual basis followed.
Way Of Cain
Approved rendering: काईनको बाटो
Transliteration: kainko bato
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: काईनको मार्ग (marga — rejected; implies one valid spiritual path among several)
Original: ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Old Testament Types
Cain’s specific, self-willed, envious rebellion against God (1:11), walked by the false teachers. बाटो (ordinary ‘way/road’) is deliberately used instead of मार्ग, which in South Asian religious vocabulary implies multiple legitimate spiritual paths (bhakti-marga, karma-marga, jnana-marga, the Buddhist Eightfold Path). Jude’s point is the opposite: a specific, condemned pattern of sin.
Perish
Approved rendering: नष्ट हुनु / विनाश हुनु
Transliteration: nashta hunu / vinash hunu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀπόλλυμι (ἀπώλεσεν / ἀπώλοντο)
Category: Judgment
Real, historical destruction (1:5, 1:11, ἀπόλλυμι) — the wilderness generation’s unbelief and Korah’s company’s rebellion. Must communicate finality, not a temporary setback reversible within a merit-and-rebirth framework.
Utter Darkness Forever
Approved rendering: सधैंको निम्ति घोर अन्धकार
Transliteration: sadhaiko nimti ghor andhakar
Doctrine: Eternal Judgment and the Nature of Hell
Original: ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα
Category: Eschatology
The blackness of darkness forever, reserved for the false teachers (1:13, ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα); reinforces the eternal_fire/eternal_chains theme. Must be unambiguously permanent, not a temporary dark interval within an ongoing cosmic or rebirth cycle.
Prophesied Enoch
Approved rendering: अगमवाणी गर्नुभयो
Transliteration: agamavani garnubhayo
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Enoch Citation
Original: προεφήτευσεν (of Enoch)
Category: Inspiration of Scripture
Enoch’s prophetic utterance concerning the Lord’s coming judgment (1:14-15), quoted from the intertestamental Book of Enoch. UNIQUE TO JUDE: the Nepali rendering must faithfully convey Jude’s own affirmation that this specific utterance was a true prophecy, without implying the Book of Enoch itself is canonical Scripture. Theologian review required at every occurrence; canonicity boundary should be handled via study-note apparatus, not a special lexical hedge in the running text.
Convict
Approved rendering: दोषी ठहराउनु
Transliteration: doshi thahraunu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐλέγχω (ἐλέγξαι)
Category: Judgment
To conclusively demonstrate guilt (1:15, ἐλέγχω); every soul’s guilt exposed at the final judgment. Deliberately parallel in construction to the baseline’s justification phrase (धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य), so the forensic contrast between condemnation and justification remains visible.
Cause Divisions
Approved rendering: फुट ल्याउनेहरू
Transliteration: phut lyaauneharu
Doctrine: Church Unity and the Danger of Division
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
Those who actively fracture the church community (1:19, ἀποδιορίζοντες). Must carry weight beyond ordinary disagreement, given Nepal’s young, historically restricted church (illegal until the 1990 democracy movement), where internal division carries especially high pastoral stakes.
Most Holy Faith
Approved rendering: अति पवित्र विश्वास
Transliteration: ati pavitra vishwas
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει
Category: Contending for the Faith
The ‘most holy faith’ (superlative, 1:20, ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει) — the objective body of apostolic doctrine in its highest degree of holiness. Compound of two inherited roots (पवित्र + विश्वास); do not substitute either root. Same objective sense of πίστις as at 1:3, now intensified.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: अनन्त जीवन
Transliteration: anant jeevan
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless / Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
Unending, personal, relational life with God, the believers’ certain future hope while awaiting Christ’s mercy (1:21, ζωὴ αἰώνιος). Must be clearly distinguished from mokṣa/nirvāṇa-style final states — not absorption into an impersonal Absolute or cessation of individual existence.
With Fear
Approved rendering: सावधानीका साथ / डरका साथ
Transliteration: savadhaniska saath / darka saath
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐν φόβῳ
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Cautious, reverent wariness in extending mercy to the most compromised, to avoid contamination (1:23, ἐν φόβῳ). Must be distinguished from the fear-of-malevolent-spirits/appeasement dynamic present in Nepali folk shamanistic (jhakri) practice; this fear is wise pastoral wariness of moral contamination, not fear of an arbitrary spiritual power requiring appeasement.
Defiled Garment
Approved rendering: शरीरबाट अशुद्ध भएको वस्त्र
Transliteration: sharirbaat ashuddha bhaeko vastra
Doctrine: Moral Purity versus Ritual Purity
Original: ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Sin
A garment stained/polluted by contact with the flesh’s corrupting influence (1:23, ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα). DIRECT COLLISION RISK with the living Nepali Hindu caste ‘jutho’ (जुठो) ritual-contact-contamination practice. Must be firmly anchored as MORAL contamination from sin, never ritual/caste purity — the doctrinal irony is that Jude commands rescue DESPITE contamination risk, the opposite of caste-avoidance logic. Theologian review required.
Present Before God
Approved rendering: सामु उपस्थित गराउनु
Transliteration: saamu upasthit garaaunu
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον
Category: Salvation
The eschatological presentation of believers before God’s own glory (1:24, στῆσαι κατενώπιον). Connects directly to the baseline’s justification/imputed_righteousness doctrine family — being ‘presented’ is God’s own gracious act, not a self-achieved standing.
Blameless
Approved rendering: निष्खोट / दोषरहित
Transliteration: nishkhot / doshrahit
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless / Moral Purity versus Ritual Purity
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Salvation
Believers presented entirely blameless before God (1:24, ἄμωμος), a status granted rather than self-achieved. Must be forensic-moral, guarding against the same जुठो/ritual-purity collision flagged at defiled_garment.
Only God
Approved rendering: एक मात्र परमेश्वर
Transliteration: ek matra Parameshwar
Doctrine: Exclusive Monotheism
Original: μόνῳ θεῷ
Category: God
The exclusive, singular deity addressed in the closing doxology (1:25, μόνῳ θεῷ). Directly relevant given Nepal’s history as the world’s only constitutionally declared Hindu Kingdom (until 2007) with its own official multi-deity state pantheon. The qualifier एक मात्र must never be dropped for stylistic economy.
Might Power
Approved rendering: पराक्रम
Transliteration: paraakram
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
Original: κράτος
Category: Doxology
Forceful power/dominion (1:25, κράτος), lexically distinct from δύναμις. Never शक्ति — the baseline’s power_of_god Critical prohibition (Newar Tantric Shakta tradition, Kumari living-goddess cult) extends to EVERY Greek term for divine power/might Jude introduces, not narrowly to δύναμις alone.
Before All Ages
Approved rendering: हरेक युगभन्दा अगाडि…सदाकाल
Transliteration: harek yugbhanda agaadi…sadaakaal
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος…εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας
Category: Doxology
Affirms God’s linear, unbounded eternity before and after all created time (1:25, πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος…εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας). युग (age) risks resonance with Hindu yuga cosmology (cyclical Satya/Treta/Dvapara/Kali Yuga system); must be anchored as strictly linear, non-repeating eternity via explicit qualifiers, since no substitute word fully avoids the collision. Mandatory translator/study note.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship / Apostolic Prophetic Warning of Apostasy
Rejected alternatives: दूत
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:17, the apostles’ own prior authoritative predictions ground the letter’s warning; distinguish from a generic guru/lama-style teacher.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God / Epistolary Greeting
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relational peace with God, not psychological calm or meditative equanimity. In Jude 1:2, part of the greeting triad (mercy, peace, love); retain relational framing, avoid drift toward Buddhist meditative-calm connotations.
Servant
Approved rendering: दास
Transliteration: daas
Doctrine: Christian Identity / Authorial Self-Designation
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Christian Identity
Jude’s self-designation at 1:1 (δοῦλος). दास carries residual South Asian servitude/caste-labor connotations; the theological sense (total, willing, honored belonging to Christ) must not be read through a demeaning social-status lens.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: लम्पटता
Transliteration: lampatata
Doctrine: Perversion of Grace into License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
Unrestrained sensual indulgence (1:4, ἀσέλγεια), the corrupted destination of perverted grace. A specific named vice-category; must not be softened into vague ‘bad behavior’ or collapsed into generic पाप.
Angel
Approved rendering: स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: swargadoot
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) / Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Rejected alternatives: देवता
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Angelology
Established Nepali Christian term for the fallen angels (1:6) and the archangel Michael (1:9). Never देवता, which would place angels within a Hindu pantheon-adjacent category.
Condemnation
Approved rendering: दण्डाज्ञा
Transliteration: dandagya
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα
Category: Judgment
A specific decreed judgment/sentence (1:4, κρίμα); the false teachers were ‘marked out beforehand’ for this. Distinguish from न्याय (κρίσις, the broader act/day of judgment) and from भाग्य/किस्मत (impersonal fate/karma).
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: अनन्त बन्धन
Transliteration: anant bandhan
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) / Eternal Judgment and the Nature of Hell
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις
Category: Eschatology
Permanent, everlasting bonds binding the fallen angels for judgment (1:6, δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις). ‘Eternal’ (अनन्त) must be truly unending, not long-but-finite — a live risk given the ‘many aeons within a cycle’ cosmological instinct common in both Hindu and Buddhist frameworks in Nepal.
Deep Darkness
Approved rendering: गहिरो अन्धकार
Transliteration: gahiro andhakar
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) / Eternal Judgment and the Nature of Hell
Original: ζόφος
Category: Eschatology
Thick, oppressive gloom (1:6, ζόφος), the place of angelic confinement. Real, morally-charged judgment-darkness, not a symbolic ignorance-state or meditative void.
Punishment
Approved rendering: सजाय
Transliteration: sajai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: δίκη
Category: Judgment
The judicial penalty (1:7, δίκη) Sodom now visibly bears.
Defile
Approved rendering: अशुद्ध पार्नु
Transliteration: ashuddha parnu
Doctrine: Moral Purity versus Ritual Purity
Original: μιαίνω
Category: Sin
The false teachers morally corrupt the body/flesh (1:8, μιαίνω). Must be understood as moral corruption, not the ritual/ceremonial purity code (जुठो) still practiced within Nepali Hindu caste custom; recurs with greater weight at 1:23 (see defiled_garment).
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: निन्दा गर्नु / निन्दा
Transliteration: ninda garnu / ninda
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: βλασφημέω / βλασφημία
Category: Sin
To speak abusively/irreverently against a sacred or exalted referent (1:8, 1:9, 1:10, βλασφημέω/βλασφημία); the false teachers’ habitual sin, contrasted with Michael’s restraint.
Archangel
Approved rendering: प्रधान स्वर्गदूत
Transliteration: pradhan swargadoot
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
Michael’s title (1:9, ἀρχάγγελος), distinguishing him as the highest angelic authority who nonetheless shows restraint before the devil — a deliberate contrast with the false teachers, who blaspheme freely.
Dispute
Approved rendering: विवाद गर्नु
Transliteration: vivad garnu
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: διακρίνομαι (disputing sense)
Category: Old Testament Types
Michael’s restrained legal dispute with the devil over Moses’ body (1:9, διακρίνομαι, disputing sense). CROSS-REFERENCE WARNING: the identical Greek root returns at 1:22 with the opposite sense (‘wavering/doubting,’ see waver_doubt) — must NOT share a Nepali rendering with that entry.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: हप्काउनु
Transliteration: hapkaunu
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: ἐπιτιμάω (ἐπιτιμήσαι)
Category: Old Testament Types
Authoritative correction (1:9, ἐπιτιμάω); Michael defers judgment to the Lord’s own authority rather than pronouncing it himself, modeling restraint absent in the false teachers.
Corrupted
Approved rendering: भ्रष्ट / नष्ट हुनु
Transliteration: bhrashta / nashta hunu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: φθείρω (φθείρονται)
Category: Judgment
Self-destructive ruin (1:10, φθείρω) resulting from animal-like, instinct-driven living. Must retain the sense of self-inflicted moral corruption leading toward destruction, not neutral change.
Woe
Approved rendering: धिक्कार
Transliteration: dhikkar
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
Prophetic/judicial pronouncement of coming disaster (1:11, οὐαί); an established Nepali Bible interjection retaining judicial force, not simple emotional lament.
Error Of Balaam
Approved rendering: बालामको भ्रम
Transliteration: balamko bhram
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ
Category: Old Testament Types
Balaam’s specific sin: prophetic ministry corrupted by greed for wages (1:11, πλάνη). भ्रम could evoke माया/अविद्या (metaphysical illusion in Hindu Vedantic/Buddhist thought); must be clarified as moral/doctrinal error for personal profit, not cosmic illusion.
Wage
Approved rendering: ज्याला / इनाम
Transliteration: jyala / inaam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: μισθός
Category: Old Testament Types
Wage/reward (1:11, μισθός); the profit-motive that corrupted Balaam’s prophetic office — a warning against ministry-for-profit.
Rebellion Of Korah
Approved rendering: कोरहको विद्रोह
Transliteration: korahko vidroh
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Old Testament Types
Korah’s specific sin: organized rebellion against God-appointed leadership (1:11, ἀντιλογία), resulting in destruction. Connects to the authority theme flagged for native-speaker sensitivity in the Romans baseline (Romans 13).
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: प्रेम-भोज
Transliteration: prem-bhoj
Doctrine: Church Unity and the Danger of Division
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
Communal meals of the early church expressing fellowship, corrupted from within by the false teachers (1:12, ἀγάπαι). Distinguish from generic communal feasting and from Hindu/Buddhist temple communal-meal or prasad-distribution traditions.
Blemish
Approved rendering: दाग
Transliteration: daag
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: लुकेका चट्टान (hidden reefs — noted textual-variant alternative, not rejected outright)
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Judgment
Moral stains/blots on the church’s fellowship meals (1:12, σπιλάδες). Primary rendering is the moral-blot sense; a valid textual tradition also supports ‘hidden reefs,’ noted for translator awareness.
Self Shepherding
Approved rendering: आफैलाई मात्र स्याहार्ने
Transliteration: aafailai matra syaharne
Doctrine: Church Unity and the Danger of Division
Original: ποιμαίνοντες ἑαυτούς
Category: Church
Ironic inversion of the pastoral shepherd metaphor (1:12, ποιμαίνοντες ἑαυτούς): false leaders feed/tend only themselves rather than the flock.
Fruitless Uprooted Trees
Approved rendering: फल नफलेका, जरैदेखि उखेलिएका रूखहरू
Transliteration: fal nafaleka, jaraidekhi ukhelieka rukhharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: δένδρα ἄκαρπα ἐκριζωθέντα
Category: Judgment
Total, final barrenness and removal (1:12, δένδρα ἄκαρπα ἐκριζωθέντα). Must convey finality — uprooted, not merely pruned or dormant.
Shame
Approved rendering: लाज / अपमान
Transliteration: laaj / apamaan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: αἰσχύνη
Category: Judgment
Disgrace publicly exposed like sea-foam (1:13, αἰσχύνη). Nepali society’s strong honor-shame social dynamics make this culturally resonant; ensure the sense is exposed public disgrace, not private embarrassment.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: भौंतारिने ताराहरू
Transliteration: bhauntarine taraaharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
Stars with no fixed course (1:13, ἀστέρες πλανῆται); instability and false guidance leading only to darkness. Avoid any resonance with ज्योतिष (astrology, already flagged in the baseline’s ‘prophet’ entry) — this is an image of instability, not an astrological reference.
Holy Myriads
Approved rendering: पवित्र स्वर्गदूतहरूको ठूलो समूह
Transliteration: pavitra swargadootharuko thulo samuha
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Enoch Citation / Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἁγίαις μυριάσιν
Category: Angelology
A vast holy angelic host attending the Lord’s coming in final judgment (1:14, ἁγίαις μυριάσιν); cosmic, not local, scale.
Sinners
Approved rendering: पापी
Transliteration: paapi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλοί
Category: Sin
Those characterized by sin (1:15, ἁμαρτωλοί); general moral culpability before a personal God, derived from the inherited पाप root.
Evil Desire
Approved rendering: कुवासना
Transliteration: kuvasana
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin
Strong, self-serving desire governing the false teachers’ conduct (1:16, 1:18, ἐπιθυμίαι). Must be distinguished from neutral इच्छा (ordinary desire/wish).
Flattering For Gain
Approved rendering: स्वार्थको निम्ति चाप्लुसी गर्नु
Transliteration: swarthako nimti chaaplusi garnu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα
Category: Sin
Showing partiality/flattery toward influential people for personal advantage (1:16, θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα). Resonates with patron-client and honor-status dynamics prominent in Nepali social relationships; must retain the sense of self-interested manipulation, not ordinary politeness.
Last Time
Approved rendering: अन्तिम समयमा
Transliteration: antim samayama
Doctrine: Apostolic Prophetic Warning of Apostasy
Original: ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου χρόνου
Category: Eschatology
The final eschatological period before Christ’s return (1:18, ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου χρόνου). Must not read as a vague or cyclically-recurring ‘end of an age,’ given Hindu yuga-cycle cosmological resonance; this is the one, final, linear eschatological horizon.
Mockers
Approved rendering: उपहास गर्नेहरू / ठट्टा गर्नेहरू
Transliteration: upahaas garneharu / thatta garneharu
Doctrine: Apostolic Prophetic Warning of Apostasy
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Judgment
Predicted end-times figures who deride true doctrine (1:18, ἐμπαῖκται).
Building Up
Approved rendering: आफैलाई सुदृढ पार्दै
Transliteration: aafailai sudridh pardai
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered / Mutual Spiritual Edification
Original: ἐποικοδομέω (ἐποικοδομοῦντες)
Category: Contending for the Faith
Active, ongoing spiritual growth grounded in the fixed apostolic deposit (1:20, ἐποικοδομέω); the positive counterpart to the false teachers’ destructive, divisive influence.
Snatching From Fire
Approved rendering: आगोबाट खोसेर बचाउँदै
Transliteration: aagobaat khoser bachaundai
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Urgent, forceful rescue from imminent danger (1:23, ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες), echoing the eternal_fire of 1:7.
Hating Defilement
Approved rendering: घृणा गर्दै
Transliteration: ghrina gardai
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: μισοῦντες
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Hating the sin/contamination itself while still rescuing the person (1:23, μισοῦντες). The object of hatred must be clarified as the defilement, not the person being rescued.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: नठेस लाग्ने गरी
Transliteration: nathes lagne gari
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀπταίστους
Category: Preservation
Complete, successful preservation to the end (1:24, ἀπταίστους), not partial or provisional safekeeping.
Exultation
Approved rendering: ठूलो आनन्द
Transliteration: thulo aanand
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀγαλλίασις
Category: Doxology
Overflowing, exuberant joy (1:24, ἀγαλλίασις); believers are presented before God not merely safely but joyfully — celebratory, not merely relieved.
Majesty
Approved rendering: महानता
Transliteration: mahaanata
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: Doxology
Grandeur, supreme greatness (1:25, μεγαλωσύνη), distinct from महिमा (glory), which appears in the same doxological string. Must remain lexically distinct.
Authority
Approved rendering: अधिकार
Transliteration: adhikaar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology
God’s supreme, inherent authority (1:25, ἐξουσία), distinct from delegated human governmental authority (cf. the Romans baseline’s Romans 13 native-speaker-review flag).
Jude Author
Approved rendering: यहूदा
Transliteration: Yahuda
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: Ἰούδας
Category: Proper Names
The letter’s author, brother of James (1:1). Book title: यहूदाको पत्र. Must be clearly distinguished in explanatory material from यहूदा इस्करियोती (Judas Iscariot) and from the Old Testament patriarch यहूदा (Judah).
Michael
Approved rendering: मिखाएल
Transliteration: Mikhael
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Proper Names
The archangel who disputed with the devil over Moses’ body, modeling restraint (1:9).
Enoch
Approved rendering: हनोक
Transliteration: Hanok
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and the Enoch Citation
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Proper Names
The patriarch whose prophetic utterance from the intertestamental Book of Enoch is quoted (1:14-15). See prophesied_enoch entry regarding the canonicity-boundary issue this citation raises.
Cain
Approved rendering: काईन
Transliteration: Kain
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Proper Names
The first murderer, whose self-willed rebellious ‘way’ the false teachers follow (1:11). See way_of_cain entry regarding the marga/path collision risk.
Balaam
Approved rendering: बालाम
Transliteration: Balaam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Proper Names
The prophet who corrupted his ministry for profit (1:11). See error_of_balaam entry.
Korah
Approved rendering: कोरह
Transliteration: Korah
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Κόρε
Category: Proper Names
The Levite who rebelled against Moses’ and Aaron’s God-appointed authority (1:11). See rebellion_of_korah entry.
Low Risk Terms
Amen
Approved rendering: आमेन
Transliteration: amen
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Doxology
Inherited from Romans package (established transliteration standard). Closes the doxology at Jude 1:25.
Moses
Approved rendering: मोशे
Transliteration: Moshe
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Restrained Authority
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Proper Names
Inherited from Romans package (established proper-name form). Referenced at Jude 1:9 regarding Michael’s dispute with the devil over Moses’ body.
Beloved
Approved rendering: प्रिय
Transliteration: priya
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Belovedness
Original: ἠγαπημένοι
Category: Divine Calling
Standard warm epistolary address (1:1); also used vocatively at 1:3, 1:17, 1:20 to mark shifts to pastoral exhortation. The readers’ identity as objects of God the Father’s settled love.
Love
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Epistolary Greeting / Church Fellowship (extended)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
Standard term for God’s committed, covenantal love (1:1, 1:2, 1:21), and for the corrupted ‘love feasts’ (ἀγάπαι, 1:12, see love_feasts entry). Not romantic or merely affectionate love.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: बुद्धिहीन पशुहरू
Transliteration: buddhiheen pashuharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: Judgment
Unreasoning/speechless creatures (1:10, ἄλογα ζῷα); a comparison for the false teachers’ instinct-driven conduct.
Waterless Clouds
Approved rendering: पानी नभएका बादल
Transliteration: pani nabhaeka baadal
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι
Category: Judgment
Clouds that promise rain but deliver none (1:12, νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι); the false teachers promise spiritual sustenance but deliver nothing.
Wild Waves
Approved rendering: समुद्रका उग्र छालहरू
Transliteration: samudraka ugra chaalharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης
Category: Judgment
Violent, uncontrolled waves (1:13, κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης); the false teachers’ self-exposing chaos.
Harsh Words
Approved rendering: कठोर वचन
Transliteration: kathor vachan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: σκληρά
Category: Sin
Harsh, rough, offensive speech spoken by the false teachers against God (1:15, σκληρά).
Grumblers
Approved rendering: गनगन गर्नेहरू
Transliteration: gangan garneharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί
Category: Sin
Those who murmur discontentedly (1:16, γογγυσταί); echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling (cf. the Exodus type at 1:5).
Complainers
Approved rendering: गुनासो गर्नेहरू
Transliteration: gunaso garneharu
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Sin
Chronic fault-finders, dissatisfied with God’s provision/lot (1:16, μεμψίμοιροι).
Bombastic Words
Approved rendering: ठूला घमण्डी वचन
Transliteration: thula ghamandi vachan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ὑπέρογκα
Category: Sin
Inflated, arrogant, self-aggrandizing speech (1:16, ὑπέρογκα).
James
Approved rendering: याकूब
Transliteration: Yakoob
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: Ἰάκωβος
Category: Proper Names
Jude’s brother (1:1), whose relationship lends Jude recognized authority. Established Nepali Bible proper-name form.
Adam
Approved rendering: आदम
Transliteration: Aadam
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Proper Names
The first man, used to establish Enoch’s chronological position (‘seventh from Adam,’ 1:14). Established Nepali Bible proper-name form.
Sodom Gomorrah
Approved rendering: सदोम र गमोरा
Transliteration: Sadom ra Gamora
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Proper Names
The cities destroyed for gross immorality, standing as a historical, geographically real object-lesson of judgment (1:7). Established Nepali Bible proper-name forms.
Egypt
Approved rendering: मिश्र (देश)
Transliteration: Mishra (desh)
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Αἴγυπτος
Category: Proper Names
The land from which the Lord saved a people who later perished for unbelief (1:5). Established Nepali Bible proper-name form.
Referenced passages