Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians — English → Nepali
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book (chs. 1-13) with the core passage (5:11-21) as theological anchor. It is organized in two parts:
- Part A — Terms reused exactly from the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json. Renderings are unchanged; only 2 Corinthians-specific occurrence notes are added. - Part B — New terms introduced by 2 Corinthians, proposed for addition to translation memory, with full risk rationale.
All Critical/High risk assignments carry a specific, Nepal-grounded reason per project mandate.
Part A — Reused Baseline Terms (Render Exactly as Recorded)
| Term (EN) | Greek | Nepali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key 2 Cor. Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | सुसमाचार | susamachar | High | Gospel | 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 | Consistent across chs. |
| grace | χάρις | अनुग्रह | anugraha | High | Grace | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13 | Extended sense “grace of giving” in chs. 8-9 must still mean God’s unmerited gift, not human virtue. |
| faith | πίστις | विश्वास | vishwas | High | Faith | 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13 | ”Walk by faith, not by sight” (5:7); “test yourselves whether you are in the faith” (13:5). |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | धार्मिकता | dharmikata | Critical | Salvation | 5, 6, 9, 11 | Core-passage anchor at 5:21. |
| imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην (conceptual parallel) | आरोपित धार्मिकता | aropit dharmikata | Critical | Justification by Faith | 5 | 5:21: “made him sin … that we might become the righteousness of God” — direct doctrinal parallel. |
| salvation | σωτηρία | उद्धार | uddhar | Critical | Salvation | 1, 6, 7 | 6:2 “now is the day of salvation.” |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | प्रेरित | prerit | Medium (elevated attention in this curriculum) | Apostleship / Genuine vs. False Apostleship | 1, 11, 12 | Root for new compounds: ठूला-ठूला प्रेरितहरू (super-apostles), झूटा प्रेरितहरू (false apostles) — see Part B. |
| holy | ἅγιος | पवित्र | pavitra | High | Sanctification | 1, 6, 7 | Root for new compound पवित्रता (holiness, abstract, 7:1) — see Part B. |
| saints | ἅγιοι | पवित्र जन | pavitra jan | High | Sainthood | 1, 8, 9 | ”Ministry to the saints” (collection, chs. 8-9). |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | पवित्रीकरण | pavitrikaran | High | Sanctification | (conceptual, ch. 7) | Related to new ἁγιωσύνη entry (Part B). |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις (ἐγείρω) | पुनरुत्थान | punarutthan | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 4, 5 | 5:15 “died and was raised” — NEVER पुनर्जन्म. |
| lord | κύριος | प्रभु | prabhu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | 5:11 “fear of the Lord”; 10:17-18. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | शान्ति | shanti | Medium | Peace with God | 1, 13 | Greeting formula (1:2), benediction (13:11). |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | धन्यवाद | dhanyavad | Low | Thanksgiving | 1, 2, 4, 9 | 9:11-12 links generosity to thanksgiving. |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | सहभागिता | sahabhagita | Low (Critical in 13:14 benediction combination) | Christian Fellowship | 6, 8, 13 | 8:4 collection partnership; 13:14 Trinitarian benediction — see Part B combined note. |
| church | ἐκκλησία | मण्डली | mandali | Medium | Church as God’s People | 1, 8, 11, 12 | ”Churches of Macedonia” (8:1); “care for all the churches” (11:28). NEVER मन्दिर/गुम्बा — directly relevant to the new “temple of the living God” term (Part B), which must avoid मन्दिर for the same reason. |
| law | νόμος | व्यवस्था | vyavastha | High | Fulfillment of Prophecy / New Covenant | 3 | Underlies the “letter” (γράμμα) contrasted with Spirit in ch. 3. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | पाप | paap | High | Universal Human Accountability | 5, 11 | Core-passage anchor 5:21 (Critical in that specific substitutionary usage). |
| glory | δόξα | महिमा | mahima | High | Deity of Christ | 3, 4, 8 | Ch. 3’s veiled/unveiled glory; avoid light-metaphor terms elsewhere reserved for महिमा — directly relevant to “angel of light” caution (Part B). |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य / सामर्थ्य | Parameshwarko samarthya / samarthya | High | Power of God for Salvation / Power in Weakness | 4, 12, 13 | NEVER शक्ति. 12:9-10 doctrinal center of “Power in Weakness” — see Part B. |
| covenant | διαθήκη | करार | karar | High | Davidic Covenant / New Covenant | 3 | Root for नयाँ करार (new covenant) — see Part B. |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | येशू | Yeshu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | |
| god | θεός | परमेश्वर | Parameshwar | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | Directly contrasted with new term “god of this age” (यस युगका देवता) — see Part B. |
| holy_spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | पवित्र आत्मा | Pavitra Atma | Critical | Sanctification | 1, 3, 5, 13 | 1:22, 3:3-8 (letter/Spirit), 13:14 benediction. |
| father | πατήρ | पिता | Pita | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | 1, 6 | Root for new compound “Father of mercies” (दयाका पिता) — see Part B. |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | उत्साहित पार्नु / बिन्ती गर्नु | utsahit parnu / binti garnu | Low | Mutual Edification | 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 | Distinct from the new “comfort/consolation” sense (सान्त्वना) also carried by παρακαλέω/παράκλησις — see Part B for the disambiguation. |
| christ (proper name, per established transliteration standard) | Χριστός | ख्रीष्ट | Khrist | Critical | Lordship of Christ / Deity of Christ | throughout | Per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standard. Distinct from messiah/मसीह, which is reserved for the titular “Anointed One / Messianic Promise” doctrinal sense; ख्रीष्ट functions as Christ’s proper name throughout 2 Corinthians (e.g., “ambassadors for Christ,” “love of Christ”). |
| messiah | Χριστός (titular sense) | मसीह | Masih | Critical | Messianic Promise | (not prominent as a distinct titular argument in 2 Cor, but the underlying doctrine remains load-bearing wherever Χριστός functions as “the Anointed One” rather than simply Jesus’ proper name) | See ख्रीष्ट note above for the proper-name/title distinction. |
| gentiles | ἔθνη | अन्यजाति | anyajati | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 11 | 11:22-26 “Hebrews… Israelites…” context. |
| israel | Ἰσραήλ | इस्राएल | Israel | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 3, 11 | 3:7,13 (Moses/veil); 11:22. |
| david | — | दाऊद | Daud | Low | — | (not directly named, no occurrence requiring new treatment) | Listed for completeness/consistency only; no 2 Cor. occurrence. |
Part B — New Terms Introduced in 2 Corinthians (Proposed Additions to Translation Memory)
| Term (EN) | Greek | Nepali Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key Chapters | Grounded Rationale (Critical/High) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reconciliation | καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω | मिलाप | milap | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5 (core), passim | Central doctrine of the curriculum’s core passage. Must convey God’s own initiative in restoring an estranged relationship, received passively by humanity (“be reconciled,” 5:20), not a mutual negotiated settlement between equals, and not a human-initiated resolution of cosmic karmic imbalance as in Hindu/Buddhist frameworks. |
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις | नयाँ सृष्टि | naya srishti | Critical | New Creation in Christ | 5:17 | सृष्टि is the standard Nepali word for Hindu cosmology’s periodic Brahma-creation within the endless srishti-sthiti-pralaya cycle. Must be anchored as a decisive, one-time, in-Christ transformation — not one more turn of a cosmic wheel or a temporary world-age (yuga) within an endless cycle. |
| new covenant | διαθήκη καινή | नयाँ करार | naya karar | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | Extends baseline करार [High]. Must retain relational covenant-bond sense (not a legal-replacement contract) and must not imply God’s prior Old Testament covenant faithfulness was arbitrary or void. |
| god of this age (Satan) | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | यस युगका देवता | yas yugka devata | Critical | Deity of Christ (negative counterpart) | 4:4 | Must NEVER use परमेश्वर, reserved exclusively for the one true God. देवता — the ordinary Nepali word for the many gods of the Hindu pantheon — is deliberately used because Paul’s point is that Satan is a false, usurping, created “god,” a category distinction Nepali readers readily recognize, reinforcing rather than blurring the established परमेश्वर/भगवान guard. |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς | शैतान | Saitan | Critical | (underlies several doctrines: 2 Cor 2, 4, 6, 11, 12) | 2, 4, 6, 11, 12 | Must be distinguished from generic भूत-प्रेत (ancestral/local malevolent spirits) or मसान (graveyard spirits) addressed through Nepali jhankri/dhami shamanic exorcism ritual. Satan is the singular, personal cosmic adversary of God in organized spiritual rebellion, not a territorial or ancestral spirit to be ritually placated or exorcised. |
| angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός | ज्योतिको दूत | jyotiko doot | Critical | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:14 | Given the baseline’s caution against light-metaphor terms for महिमा (glory) due to Newar Tantric/Kumari divine-radiance associations, this passage is doubly sensitive: readers must clearly grasp this “light” is Satan’s deceptive disguise, never authentic divine radiance. |
| repentance | μετάνοια | पश्चाताप | pashchatap | Critical | (underlies Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / broader gospel doctrine) | 7:9-10 | Alternatives rejected: प्रायश्चित (Hindu ritual penance/expiation performed to discharge ritual pollution or bad karma). Biblical repentance is an inward, Spirit-granted change of mind and settled turning to God, not a self-performed ritual act. |
| love (agape) | ἀγάπη | प्रेम | prem | High | (underlies Reconciliation with God / core passage 5:14; benediction 13:11,14) | 5, 13 | New major term not yet in baseline translation memory; distinguish from रोमानी/यौनिक प्रेम (romantic/erotic love) and from भक्ति (devotional love offered upward to a deity in Hindu bhakti tradition). Agape is God’s self-giving, sacrificial love demonstrated in Christ’s death, the pattern for believer’s love — should be formally added to translation memory given its recurrence and future NT curriculum relevance. |
| power in weakness (paired term) | δύναμις / ἀσθένεια | सामर्थ्य (reuse) / कमजोरी, दुर्बलता | samarthya / kamjori, durbalata | High | Power in Weakness | 12:9-10, 13:4 | God’s सामर्थ्य perfected precisely through, not despite, human दुर्बलता; directly subverts local honor-shame social expectations (weakness = loss of face) and must not be softened into generic resilience — a specific theological claim about the location of grace. Never शक्ति. |
| false apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι | झूटा प्रेरितहरू | jhutta prerit-haru | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | Extends baseline प्रेरित [Medium]. Must communicate these are impostors, not merely inferior genuine ministers — a live pastoral concern given the challenge of discerning authentic gospel teaching from prosperity-driven or syncretistic teaching in a young Nepali church. |
| boasting | καύχημα / καυχάομαι | गर्वको कारण / गर्व गर्नु | garvako karan / garva garnu | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship / Power in Weakness | 1, 5, 10, 11, 12 | Paul’s paradoxical boasting (only in the Lord, in weaknesses, in what God has done) must be distinguished from sinful self-exalting pride and from the honor-based competition for guru-status/spiritual reputation common among rival religious teachers; the irony of “boasting” in what culture deems shameful must be preserved. |
| affliction / suffering | θλῖψις | कष्ट | kasht | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 4 | Alternatives rejected: दुःख — the term for the Buddhist First Noble Truth (dukkha), the claim that existence itself is inherently unsatisfactory, to be escaped through the Eightfold Path toward nirvana. Biblical affliction is temporary tribulation borne in hope of resurrection glory, not an ontological feature of existence to be transcended. |
| the world (in reconciliation context) | κόσμος | संसार | sansar | High | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | संसार commonly carries the specific technical Hindu/Buddhist sense of samsara, the cyclical realm of birth-death-rebirth to be escaped. Here it must be understood as simply “humanity/the created world,” the object of God’s reconciling love — not the cyclical realm-of-illusion; a clarifying gloss may be needed. |
| freedom | ἐλευθερία | स्वतन्त्रता | swatantrata | High | (underlies New Covenant doctrine — Spirit’s unveiling work) | 3:17 | Alternatives rejected: मुक्ति — already forbidden by baseline for “salvation” (Hindu liberation from rebirth). Since “freedom/liberation” is मुक्ति’s literal sense, translators face elevated temptation to substitute it here; explicit guardrail required. |
| transformed | μεταμορφούμεθα | रूपान्तरित हुनु | rupantarit hunu | High | (underlies New Covenant / sanctification doctrine) | 3:18 | Must not be confused with अवतार-style divine transformation (already forbidden root for baseline’s incarnation entry) or Hindu dashavatara narratives of a deity assuming different forms; this is the Spirit’s moral-spiritual conforming of a person’s character, not a deity’s repeatable shape-shifting descent. |
| image | εἰκών | स्वरूप / प्रतिरूप | swaroop / pratiroop | High | Deity of Christ / Sanctification | 3:18, 4:4 | NEVER प्रतिमा (idol/statue — the term for a worshipped image/murti in Hindu temples). |
| temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | जीवित परमेश्वरको बासस्थान | jeevit Parameshwarko baasasthan | Critical | Church as God’s People | 6:16 | NEVER मन्दिर or गुम्बा, consistent with baseline’s established church-term convention (church = मण्डली). Believers corporately, not a physical structure, are God’s dwelling; बासस्थान (dwelling place) avoids मन्दिर’s strong association with active Hindu temple worship (e.g., Pashupatinath). |
| judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | ख्रीष्टको न्यायआसन | Khristko nyaya-aasan | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Power in Weakness | 5:10 | Must be distinguished from the impersonal cosmic ledger of karma determining rebirth destiny; this is a personal, one-time appearing before Christ as Judge within a framework of already-assured salvation, not karmic weighing determining a future incarnation. |
| paradise / third heaven | παράδεισος / τρίτος οὐρανός | स्वर्ग / तेस्रो स्वर्ग | swarga / tesro swarga | High | Power in Weakness (context of 12:1-9) | 12:2-4 | स्वर्ग is the established, unavoidable Nepali Bible term for “heaven,” but must be taught as the eternal, personal presence of God entered by grace through Christ — not one of many temporary heavenly abodes (svarga-loka) attainable through merit within Hindu cosmology, nor a way-station toward Buddhist liberation from rebirth. |
| Christ’s voluntary poverty | ἐπτώχευσεν | ख्रीष्ट … गरीब हुनुभयो | Khrist … garib hunubhayo | High | Generosity and Grace in Giving (linked to Incarnation) | 8:9 | Must reinforce, not soften, the reality of Christ’s genuine self-humbling incarnation (देहधारण); avoid phrasing suggesting a temporary, illusory “poverty” in the pattern of a deity’s brief costume-like descent (the avatar pattern already forbidden in baseline). |
| weapons of warfare / strongholds | ὅπλα / ὀχυρώματα | हतियार / किल्ला | hatiyar / killa | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10:4 | Must be kept distinct from ritual spirit-binding, exorcism, and protective-ward practices of Nepali shamanic (jhankri/dhami) tradition; this warfare is conducted through prayer, truth, and the word of God, not ritual technique against malevolent spirits. |
| comfort / consolation | παράκλησις / παρακαλέω (comfort sense) | सान्त्वना | santwana | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 7 | Distinct sense from baseline’s context-sensitive “exhort” entry (उत्साहित पार्नु / बिन्ती गर्नु); must convey God’s personal, relational comfort in suffering, not a meditative-equanimity technique. |
| fragrance / aroma of Christ | ὀσμή / εὐωδία | सुगन्ध | sugandha | High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry (apostolic proclamation) | 2:14-16 | Must not imply literal incense-offering (धूप) ritual central to daily Hindu puja and Buddhist offering practice; the metaphor concerns the effect of gospel witness, not a ritual burnt-offering placating a deity. |
| triumphal procession | θριαμβεύω | विजयी लस्करमा लिएर जानु / विजय-कूच | vijayi laskarma liyera jaanu / vijaya-kuch | Medium-High | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 2:14 | Avoid the word जात्रा (jatra), which denotes major Hindu/Newar religious festival processions (e.g., Indra Jatra), to prevent an unwanted festival association. |
| ambassador | πρεσβεύω | राजदूत | rajdoot | Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:20 | Distinguish from प्रेरित (apostle, the unique founding-church office); ambassador describes the shared function of speaking Christ’s own appeal, not the distinct apostolic office. |
| letter and Spirit | γράμμα / πνεῦμα | अक्षर / आत्मा | akshar / atma | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:6 | अक्षर can carry the sacred Sanskrit sense of “the imperishable syllable” (Om as akshara-brahman); here it must be understood plainly as “written text/legal code.” |
| veil | κάλυμμα | पर्दा | parda | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3:13-16 | Distinguish from परदा प्रथा (purdah, gender-seclusion veiling custom) and from the sacred curtain concealing a Hindu temple’s inner sanctum; the veil symbolizes removed spiritual blindness, not gender custom or ritual concealment. |
| boldness / openness | παρρησία | निर्भीकता / खुल्लापन | nirbhikata / khullapan | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3:12 | Carries live social-legal weight given the 2017 Muluki Criminal Code’s restrictions on open religious proclamation, echoing the baseline’s evangelism/mission cautions. |
| sincerity (motive) | ἁπλότης / εἰλικρίνεια | सरलता / निष्कपटता | saralata / nishkapatata | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1:12, 2:17, 11:3 | Central to distinguishing Paul from perceived-manipulative religious teacher figures; context-sensitive against the generosity sense of the same Greek root ἁπλότης (see below). |
| generosity (giving) | ἁπλότης | उदारता | udarata | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:2, 9:11,13 | Context-sensitive dual sense of ἁπλότης alongside “sincerity” above — like baseline’s “called,” determine per occurrence which sense is active. |
| equality (economic) | ἰσότης | समानता | samanata | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8:13-14 | Parallels baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles/universal_scope_of_gospel concerns; cuts against caste-linked economic stratification still socially present in parts of Nepal. |
| unequal yoke | ἑτεροζυγέω | नमिल्दो जुवामा नबाँधिनु | namildo juvama nabaandhinu | Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 6:14 | Must be framed strictly as a belief/unbelief distinction in partnership — not repurposed to reinforce caste-endogamy or caste-based marriage-restriction logic. |
| Belial | Βελιάρ | बेलियाल | Beliyal | Medium | (Satan-synonym) | 6:15 | Footnote required identifying it as synonymous with शैतान, not a distinct being from local mythology. |
| godly grief / worldly grief | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / τοῦ κόσμου | परमेश्वर-अनुसारको शोक / संसारको शोक | Parameshwar-anusarko shok / sansarko shok | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 7:9-10 | Contrast is one of kind and destination (life-giving vs. death-producing sorrow), not degree; must not be reframed as ritual mourning performance. |
| holiness (abstract noun) | ἁγιωσύνη | पवित्रता | pavitrata | Medium | Sanctification | 7:1 | Extends baseline पवित्र root. |
| cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸς δότης | खुसीसाथ दिने दाता | khusi-sath dine data | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:7 | |
| sufficiency / contentment | αὐτάρκεια | पर्याप्तता | paryaptata | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9:8 | Distinguish from Stoic/ascetic self-generated contentment through detachment; sufficiency here is graciously supplied by God. |
| signs, wonders, mighty works | σημεῖα, τέρατα, δυνάμεις | चिन्ह, आश्चर्यकर्म, सामर्थका काम | chinha, aashcharyakarma, samarthaka kaam | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 12:12 | Distinguish from tantric siddhi (supernatural attainments through yogic/tantric practice) with particular currency in the Kathmandu Valley; these authenticate apostleship, not personal spiritual attainment. |
| super-apostles | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι | ठूला-ठूला प्रेरितहरू | tula-tula prerit-haru | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:5, 12:11 | Ironic label; extends baseline प्रेरित. |
| deceitful workers | ἐργάται δόλιοι | छलपूर्ण कामदारहरू | chalpurna kamdar-haru | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11:13 | |
| flesh (context-sensitive) | σάρξ | शरीर | sharir | Medium-High | (multiple: Humanity of Christ / Sincerity and Apostolic Authority) | 3:3, 4:11, 5:16, 7:1,5, 10:2-3, 11:18, 12:7 | At least two senses (neutral physical vs. polemical worldly-standard) must be tracked per occurrence like baseline’s “called.” |
| trespasses | παραπτώματα | अपराधहरू | aparadh-haru | Low-Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5:19 | Synonym network with पाप. |
| judgment/self-examination | δοκιμάζετε ἑαυτούς / ἀδόκιμος | आफूलाई जाँच गर्नु / अनुत्तीर्ण | aafulai jaanch garnu / anuttirna | Low-Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 13:5-7 | |
| holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | पवित्र अभिवादन | pavitra abhivadan | Medium | Christian Fellowship | 13:12 | Physical kissing as greeting is culturally unusual/sensitive in Nepal; render functionally rather than as a binding literal practice. |
| trinitarian benediction (combined) | χάρις, ἀγάπη, κοινωνία | अनुग्रह, प्रेम, सहभागिता | anugraha, prem, sahabhagita | Critical (as fixed formula) | (closing summary of Grace, Love, Fellowship) | 13:14 | This formula should be rendered with fixed, memorized-liturgical consistency across all future curriculum materials, paralleling the baseline’s mandated verbatim consistency for Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10. |
| mercies (Father of) | οἰκτιρμός | दया | daya | Low-Medium | (underlies comfort doctrine) | 1:3 | Baseline permits कृपा as an acceptable non-soteriological synonym here per its own general-compassion carve-out. |
| earnest/guarantee (Spirit as pledge) | ἀρραβών | बैना | baina | Medium | Assurance / New Creation in Christ | 1:22, 5:5 | Conveys certainty of a guaranteed future inheritance secured by God, not a repayable debt resembling a karma-ledger transaction. |
| ministry (as doctrinal category) | διακονία | सेवा / सेवकाई | seva / sevakai | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Reconciliation with God | 3, 4, 5:18, 6 | सेवा alone risks conflation with Hindu religious seva (temple/guru service, karma-yoga merit-generating service); must be anchored as gospel-empowered service flowing from grace. |
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for 2 Corinthians prior to Phase 2 segment translation, per the enforcement procedure defined in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. All Part A terms are non-negotiable exact reuses; all Part B terms require theologian sign-off before entering translation memory, per the Critical/High escalation rules already established in the baseline package.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: धार्मिकता
Transliteration: dharmikata
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, पुण्य
Inherited from Romans package. Core-passage anchor at 5:21 (‘the righteousness of God’); also 9:9-10. NEVER धर्म.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: आरोपित धार्मिकता
Transliteration: aropit dharmikata
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: आर्जित धार्मिकता
Inherited from Romans package. Direct textual anchor at 5:21: ‘so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.’ Must render as credited (आरोपित), never earned (आर्जित).
Salvation
Approved rendering: उद्धार
Transliteration: uddhar
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति, मोक्ष, निर्वाण
Inherited from Romans package. 6:2 ‘now is the day of salvation.’ Dual-front guard against Hindu liberation-from-rebirth and Buddhist cessation-of-self frameworks remains in force.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: पुनरुत्थान
Transliteration: punarutthan
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: पुनर्जन्म
Inherited from Romans package. 4:14; 5:15 (‘died and was raised’). NEVER पुनर्जन्म; also guards against the Himalayan Buddhist tulku recognized-reincarnation tradition.
Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभु
Transliteration: prabhu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: मालिक, ईश्वर
Inherited from Romans package. 5:11 (‘fear of the Lord’); 10:17-18 (‘let him who boasts, boast in the Lord’); 13:14 benediction.
Jesus
Approved rendering: येशू
Transliteration: Yeshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Established Nepali Christian standard form.
God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: भगवान
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER भगवान. Directly contrasted with the new god_of_this_age entry (यस युगका देवता), reinforcing rather than blurring the परमेश्वर/भगवान/देवता distinction.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: पवित्र आत्मा
Transliteration: Pavitra Atma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ब्रह्म, परमात्मा
Inherited from Romans package. 1:22, 3:3-8 (letter/Spirit contrast), 13:14 (Trinitarian benediction).
Father
Approved rendering: पिता
Transliteration: Pita
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Root for new compound ‘Father of mercies’ (दयाका पिता, 1:3).
Messiah
Approved rendering: मसीह
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for the titular ‘Anointed One’ sense of Χριστός, distinct from ख्रीष्ट as Jesus’ proper name (see christ entry).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: देहधारण
Transliteration: dehadharan
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER अवतार. Directly relevant to 8:9 (‘though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor’) — see christs_voluntary_poverty entry, which must reinforce, not soften, this doctrine.
Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट
Transliteration: Khrist
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Deity of Christ
NEW entry for this curriculum, per established Nepali Bible transliteration standard already used in the baseline requirements doc’s proper-name list but not previously entered as its own translation memory term. Functions as Jesus’ proper name/title throughout 2 Corinthians (e.g., ‘ambassadors for Christ,’ ‘love of Christ’); distinct from मसीह (titular Messianic sense).
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: मिलाप
Transliteration: milap
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: मेलमिलाप, सुलह
Central doctrine of the core passage (5:18-20). मेलमिलाप imports Nepal’s post-civil-war Truth and Reconciliation political-process frame (mutual concession); सुलह imports a contractual settlement-between-equals frame. Neither conveys that God alone acts and reconciles; humanity’s role is only to receive it (5:20, passive imperative). Must be distinguished from human-initiated jhankri/dhami ritual appeasement of offended spirits.
New Creation
Approved rendering: नयाँ सृष्टि
Transliteration: naya srishti
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: सिर्जना
5:17. सृष्टि is the standard word for Hindu cosmology’s periodic Brahma-creation within the endless srishti-sthiti-pralaya cycle; सिर्जना (secular ‘creative work’) lacks theological weight and would flatten the claim into mere invention. Must be taught as a decisive, one-time, in-Christ transformation, never one more turn of the cosmic wheel or a temporary yuga.
Died For All
Approved rendering: सबैका निम्ति मर्नुभयो
Transliteration: sabaika nimti marnubhayo
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
5:14, the doctrinal hinge underlying the whole reconciliation argument. Must not be softened into merely exemplary or sympathetic death; this is representative substitution, grounding both reconciliation and imputed righteousness.
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: उहाँलाई पाप बनाइयो
Transliteration: uhaanlai paap banaiyo
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
5:21, the doctrinal counterpart to imputed righteousness. Must not be softened into ‘he suffered because of sin’ or ‘he associated with sinners’; a specific forensic transaction, not to be confused with ritual scapegoat, jhar-phuk, or animal-sacrifice pollution-transfer rites in Nepali folk-religious practice.
Deity Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टमा परमेश्वर
Transliteration: Khristma Parameshwar
Doctrine: Deity of Christ and Counterfeit Gods
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
5:19 ‘in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself.’ Must not be softened toward the avatar framework, given how recently Nepal’s own head of state carried divine-avatar status until the monarchy’s 2008 abolition.
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: यस युगका देवता
Transliteration: yas yugka devata
Doctrine: Deity of Christ and Counterfeit Gods
Rejected alternatives: परमेश्वर
4:4. Must NEVER use परमेश्वर, reserved exclusively for the one true God. देवता — the ordinary word for the many gods of the Hindu pantheon — is deliberately used because Paul’s point is precisely that Satan is a false, created, usurping ‘god,’ a category distinction Nepali readers readily recognize, reinforcing rather than blurring the established परमेश्वर/भगवान guard. This is the one intentional exception where a divine-sounding word names a false claimant, not the true God.
Satan
Approved rendering: शैतान
Transliteration: Saitan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
Rejected alternatives: भूत-प्रेत, मसान
Occurs 2:11; 4:4 (as ‘god of this age’); 11:14; 12:7. Must be distinguished from generic भूत-प्रेत (ancestral/local malevolent spirits) or मसान (graveyard spirits) addressed through Nepali jhankri/dhami shamanic exorcism ritual. Satan is the singular, personal cosmic adversary of God, not one territorial or ancestral spirit among many to be ritually placated or exorcised.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: ज्योतिको दूत
Transliteration: jyotiko doot
Doctrine: Deity of Christ and Counterfeit Gods
11:14. Given the baseline’s caution about light-metaphor terms for महिमा/glory (due to Tantric divine-radiance associations tied to the Kumari living-goddess tradition), this passage is doubly sensitive: readers must clearly understand this ‘light’ is counterfeit and dangerous, never authentic divine glory or a benevolent spiritual being.
Temple Of The Living God
Approved rendering: जीवित परमेश्वरको बासस्थान
Transliteration: jeevit Parameshwarko baasasthan
Doctrine: Church as God’s Dwelling
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
6:16. NEVER मन्दिर or गुम्बा, consistent with the baseline’s established church-term convention (church = मण्डली). Believers corporately, not a physical structure, are God’s dwelling; बासस्थान avoids मन्दिर’s strong association with active Hindu temple worship such as Pashupatinath.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: नयाँ करार
Transliteration: naya karar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
3:6. Extends करार. CAUTION: नयाँ करार / पुरानो करार are ALSO the standard Nepali Bible titles for the New Testament / Old Testament canon (bibliographic collision). In ch. 3 Paul argues about covenant realities (a ministry, a glory, a status), not which book is superior; every occurrence requires a disambiguating gloss. Must not imply God’s prior covenant faithfulness to Israel was arbitrary or void.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह, प्रेम, सहभागिता
Transliteration: anugraha, prem, sahabhagita
Doctrine: Trinitarian Benediction
13:14. This fixed grace-love-fellowship formula naming all three Persons must be rendered with memorized-liturgical, verbatim consistency across all future curriculum materials, paralleling the baseline’s mandated consistency for Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10.
Repentance
Approved rendering: पश्चाताप
Transliteration: pashchatap
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
Rejected alternatives: प्रायश्चित
7:9-10. प्रायश्चित carries strong Hindu ritual-atonement connotation (rites performed to remove ritual pollution or discharge bad karma through prescribed self-performed acts). Biblical repentance is an inward, Spirit-granted change of mind, not a self-performed ritual act.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: सुसमाचार
Transliteration: susamachar
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: खुशखबरी
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 2 Cor 2, 4, 8-11 (e.g., 4:3-4, the gospel veiled to unbelievers by the god of this age).
Grace
Approved rendering: अनुग्रह
Transliteration: anugraha
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: कृपा, पुण्य, भाग्य
Inherited from Romans package. Even the extended ‘grace of giving’ sense (8:1,6,7,9; 9:8) must mean God’s unmerited gift producing generosity, never human virtue or accumulated merit.
Faith
Approved rendering: विश्वास
Transliteration: vishwas
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: श्रद्धा, भक्ति
Inherited from Romans package. 5:7 ‘we walk by faith, not by sight’; 13:5 ‘examine yourselves, whether you are in the faith.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: पवित्र
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्ध
Inherited from Romans package. Root for new compound पवित्रता (holiness, 7:1).
Saints
Approved rendering: पवित्र जन
Transliteration: pavitra jan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: सन्त, साधु
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 1:1 and in the collection language of chs. 8-9 (‘ministry to the saints’).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: पवित्रीकरण
Transliteration: pavitrikaran
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually underlies ch. 7’s holiness appeal; related to new ἁγιωσύνη entry (holiness_abstract).
Law
Approved rendering: व्यवस्था
Transliteration: vyavastha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: धर्म, नियम
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘letter’ (γράμμα) contrasted with Spirit in ch. 3.
Sin
Approved rendering: पाप
Transliteration: paap
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: अकुशल कर्म
Inherited from Romans package. Core-passage anchor 5:21, elevated to Critical in that specific substitutionary usage — see made_to_be_sin entry.
Glory
Approved rendering: महिमा
Transliteration: mahima
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: तेज
Inherited from Romans package. Ch. 3’s veiled/unveiled glory; 4:17; 8:19. Avoid light-metaphor terms elsewhere reserved for महिमा — directly relevant to the angel_of_light caution.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: परमेश्वरको सामर्थ्य
Transliteration: Parameshwarko samarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation / Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: शक्ति
Inherited from Romans package. 4:7 (treasure in jars of clay); 12:9-10; 13:4. NEVER शक्ति, given the still-practiced Newar Tantric Shakta tradition centered in the Kathmandu Valley.
Covenant
Approved rendering: करार
Transliteration: karar
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / New Covenant
Rejected alternatives: सम्झौता
Inherited from Romans package. Root for नयाँ करार (new_covenant) — see that entry.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: झूटा प्रेरितहरू
Transliteration: jhutta prerit-haru
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
11:13. Extends प्रेरित. Must communicate these are impostors, not merely inferior genuine ministers — a live pastoral concern given the ongoing challenge of discerning authentic gospel teaching from prosperity-driven or syncretistic teaching in a young Nepali church.
Boasting
Approved rendering: गर्वको कारण / गर्व गर्नु
Transliteration: garvako karan / garva garnu
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship / Power in Weakness
Recurring 1, 5, 10, 11, 12. Nepali गर्व is almost uniformly negative (‘pride’); translators under pressure for natural-sounding Nepali may unconsciously flatten Paul’s paradoxical, Lord-centered boasting-in-weakness into neutral self-report, erasing the irony that he boasts in what culture deems shameful. Must not be confused with sinful self-exaltation or guru-status reputation-building.
Weapons Strongholds
Approved rendering: हतियार / किल्ला
Transliteration: hatiyar / killa
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
10:4. Must be kept distinct from ritual spirit-binding, exorcism, and protective-ward practices of Nepali shamanic (jhankri/dhami) tradition; this warfare is conducted through prayer, truth, and the word of God, not ritual technique against malevolent spirits.
Freedom
Approved rendering: स्वतन्त्रता
Transliteration: swatantrata
Doctrine: New Covenant Freedom and Transformation
Rejected alternatives: मुक्ति
3:17. मुक्ति is already forbidden by the baseline for ‘salvation’ (Hindu liberation from the rebirth cycle). Since ‘freedom/liberation’ is मुक्ति’s literal sense, translators face elevated temptation to substitute it precisely here, in this rare positive-valence freedom context; explicit guardrail required.
Transformed
Approved rendering: रूपान्तरित हुनु
Transliteration: rupantarit hunu
Doctrine: New Covenant Freedom and Transformation
Rejected alternatives: अवतार
3:18. Must not be confused with अवतार-style divine transformation or the Hindu dashavatara narratives of a deity assuming different forms; this is the Spirit’s moral-spiritual conforming of a person’s character, not a deity’s repeatable shape-shifting descent.
Image
Approved rendering: स्वरूप / प्रतिरूप
Transliteration: swaroop / pratiroop
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: प्रतिमा
3:18; 4:4. NEVER प्रतिमा (idol/statue — the term for a worshipped image/murti in Hindu temples).
Weakness
Approved rendering: कमजोरी / दुर्बलता
Transliteration: kamjori / durbalata
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: नम्रता
12:9-10; 13:4,9. Directly subverts local honor-shame social expectations (weakness signals loss of face/status); must never be euphemized toward नम्रता (humility, a positive virtue-word), which would erase the specific theological claim about the location of grace.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: प्रेम
Transliteration: prem
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God / Trinitarian Benediction
Rejected alternatives: भक्ति, रोमानी/यौनिक प्रेम
5:14; 13:11,14. New major term not yet in baseline translation memory; distinguish from रोमानी/यौनिक प्रेम (romantic/erotic love) and from भक्ति (devotional love directed upward from worshipper to deity in Hindu bhakti traditions, already flagged as unsuitable for ‘faith’). Agape is God’s self-giving, sacrificial love demonstrated in Christ’s death.
World Kosmos
Approved rendering: संसार
Transliteration: sansar
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
5:19, inside the core passage. संसार commonly carries the specific technical Hindu/Buddhist sense of samsara, the cyclical realm of birth-death-rebirth to be escaped. Here it must be understood as simply ‘humanity/the created world,’ the object of God’s reconciling love — not the cyclical realm-of-illusion; a clarifying gloss is required at every occurrence in this doctrinal context.
Flesh
Approved rendering: शरीर
Transliteration: sharir
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Context-sensitive across 3:3; 4:11; 5:16; 7:1,5; 10:2-3; 11:18; 12:7 — at least two distinct senses: (1) neutral physical/human; (2) polemical worldly-standard. Must be tracked per occurrence like the baseline’s ‘called’; mistranslating sense (2), especially 5:16 and 10:2-3, as merely ‘physical body’ would blunt Paul’s rhetorical point.
Affliction Suffering
Approved rendering: कष्ट
Transliteration: kasht
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: दुःख
Occurs 1:4,8; 4:8-9 cluster; 6:4; 7:4-5; 8:2. दुःख is the term for the Buddhist First Noble Truth (dukkha), the claim that existence itself is inherently unsatisfactory and to be escaped through the Eightfold Path toward nirvana. Biblical affliction is temporary tribulation endured in hope of resurrection glory (4:17), not an ontological feature of existence to be transcended.
Fragrance Of Christ
Approved rendering: सुगन्ध
Transliteration: sugandha
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
2:14-16. Must not imply literal incense-offering (धूप) ritual central to daily Hindu puja and Buddhist offering practice throughout Nepal; the metaphor is about the effect of gospel witness, not a ritual burnt-offering placating a deity.
Triumphal Procession
Approved rendering: विजयी लस्करमा लिएर जानु / विजय-कूच
Transliteration: vijayi laskarma liyera jaanu / vijaya-kuch
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: जात्रा
2:14. Deliberately avoids जात्रा, which denotes major Hindu/Newar religious festival processions (e.g., Indra Jatra, Machindranath Jatra); using जात्रा would create an unwanted festival-procession association.
Christs Voluntary Poverty
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्ट धनी हुनुहुँदा पनि गरीब हुनुभयो
Transliteration: Khrist dhani hunuhunda pani garib hunubhayo
Doctrine: Incarnation and Christ’s Voluntary Poverty
Rejected alternatives: अवतार pattern
8:9. Must reinforce, not soften, the reality of Christ’s genuine self-humbling incarnation (देहधारण) and voluntary condescension; avoid phrasing suggesting a temporary, illusory ‘poverty’ in the pattern of a deity’s brief costume-like descent (the avatar pattern already forbidden in the baseline).
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: ख्रीष्टको न्यायआसन
Transliteration: Khristko nyaya-aasan
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and Accountability
5:10. Must be distinguished from the impersonal cosmic ledger of karma determining rebirth destiny across lifetimes; this is a personal, one-time appearing before Christ as Judge within the framework of already-assured salvation, not a karmic weighing determining a future incarnation.
Paradise Third Heaven
Approved rendering: स्वर्ग / तेस्रो स्वर्ग
Transliteration: swarga / tesro swarga
Doctrine: Paradise and Heaven
12:2-4. स्वर्ग is the established, unavoidable Nepali Bible term for ‘heaven,’ but must be taught as the actual, eternal, personal presence of God entered by grace through Christ — not one of many temporary heavenly abodes (svarga-loka) attainable through accumulated merit within Hindu cosmology, nor a way-station on the Buddhist path toward eventual liberation from rebirth.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: प्रेरित
Transliteration: prerit
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: दूत, गुरु, लामा
Inherited from Romans package. गुरु/लामा added to the forbidden-substitution list specifically for this curriculum’s apostleship chapters (10-12), where readers otherwise default to guru-disciple or lama-lineage authority schemas. Root for new compounds झूटा प्रेरितहरू and ठूला-ठूला प्रेरितहरू.
Peace
Approved rendering: शान्ति
Transliteration: shanti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: सुख
Inherited from Romans package. Greeting formula (1:2); benediction (13:11).
Church
Approved rendering: मण्डली
Transliteration: mandali
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: मन्दिर, गुम्बा
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Churches of Macedonia’ (8:1); ‘care for all the churches’ (11:28). NEVER मन्दिर/गुम्बा — directly relevant to the new temple_of_the_living_god term, which must avoid मन्दिर for the same reason.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: अन्यजाति
Transliteration: anyajati
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: विदेशी
Inherited from Romans package. 11:22-26 context (‘Hebrews… Israelites…’).
Israel
Approved rendering: इस्राएल
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package. 3:7,13 (Moses/veil); 11:22.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: ठूला-ठूला प्रेरितहरू
Transliteration: thula-thula prerit-haru
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
11:5; 12:11. Paul’s ironic label for self-promoting rivals; ironic tone must be preserved, not read as an honorific.
Deceitful Workers
Approved rendering: छलपूर्ण कामदारहरू
Transliteration: chalpurna kamdar-haru
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
11:13. Describes the false apostles’ method: deliberate deception disguised as legitimate ministry.
Signs Wonders Mighty Works
Approved rendering: चिन्ह, आश्चर्यकर्म, सामर्थका काम
Transliteration: chinha, aashcharyakarma, samarthaka kaam
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: सिद्धि
12:12. Must be distinguished from tantric siddhi (supernatural attainments through yogic/tantric practice) with particular currency in the Kathmandu Valley; these authenticate apostleship, not personal spiritual attainment.
Holiness Abstract
Approved rendering: पवित्रता
Transliteration: pavitrata
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: शुद्धीकरण
7:1. Extends पवित्र root; distinct from ritual purification practiced in Hindu/Buddhist tradition.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: प्रभुको भय
Transliteration: Prabhuko bhay
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
5:11. Must convey reverent, relationship-based accountability flowing from love and covenant relationship, not the placating dread used toward capricious ancestral or local spirits (bhut-pret) that Nepali folk religion seeks to appease through ritual.
Belial
Approved rendering: बेलियाल
Transliteration: Beliyal
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Deception
6:15. Transliterated proper name requiring a mandatory footnote identifying it as synonymous with शैतान, not a distinct being from local mythology.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: पवित्र अभिवादन
Transliteration: pavitra abhivadan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People and Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: चुम्बन (literal)
13:12. Physical kissing as a greeting is culturally unusual in Nepali social custom (namaste-style greeting without physical contact is standard, and cross-gender physical contact carries particular social sensitivity); a functional equivalent avoids introducing a culturally-foreign practice as a binding literal command.
Letter And Spirit
Approved rendering: अक्षर / आत्मा
Transliteration: akshar / atma
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
3:6. अक्षर in Sanskrit-derived Hindu usage can carry the sacred sense of ‘the imperishable syllable’ (Om as akshara-brahman); here it must be understood plainly as ‘written text/legal code,’ not a mystical sacred syllable.
Veil
Approved rendering: पर्दा
Transliteration: parda
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
3:13-16. Must be distinguished from परदा प्रथा (purdah, gender-seclusion veiling custom) and from the sacred curtain concealing a Hindu temple’s inner sanctum (garba-griha); the veil here is spiritual blindness, removed in Christ.
Mercies Father Of
Approved rendering: दयाका पिता
Transliteration: dayaka pita
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
1:3. दया (mercy/compassion) is a new term of its own low-medium risk; baseline permits कृपा as an acceptable non-soteriological synonym for general compassion in this compound.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: अपराधहरू
Transliteration: aparadh-haru
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
5:19. Synonym network with पाप. Specific offenses God, in reconciling humanity, chooses not to hold against believers.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: सरलता / निष्कपटता
Transliteration: saralata / nishkapatata
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: इमानदारी
1:12; 2:17; 11:3. इमानदारी names secular/financial honesty, too narrow for the specific ‘unmixed, undivided motive before God’ sense Paul intends. Context-sensitive against the ‘generosity’ sense of the same Greek root ἁπλότης (see generosity entry).
Boldness Openness
Approved rendering: निर्भीकता / खुल्लापन
Transliteration: nirbhikata / khullapan
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
3:12. Carries live social-legal weight given the 2017 Muluki Criminal Code’s restrictions on open religious proclamation, echoing the baseline’s evangelism/mission cautions; must render Paul’s boldness as gospel confidence, not confrontational proselytizing framing.
Unequal Yoke
Approved rendering: नमिल्दो जुवामा नबाँधिनु
Transliteration: namildo juvama nabaandhinu
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
6:14. Must be framed strictly as a belief/unbelief distinction in partnership and allegiance, not repurposed to reinforce caste-endogamy or caste-based marriage-restriction logic still present in parts of Nepali society.
Self Examination
Approved rendering: आफूलाई जाँच गर्नु / अनुत्तीर्ण
Transliteration: aafulai jaanch garnu / anuttirna
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
13:5-7. Believers testing their own standing ‘in the faith,’ with the sober possibility of failing (अनुत्तीर्ण).
Godly Grief Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: परमेश्वर-अनुसारको शोक / संसारको शोक
Transliteration: Parameshwar-anusarko shok / sansarko shok
Doctrine: Godly Grief and Repentance
7:9-10. The contrast (life-giving vs. death-producing sorrow) must be preserved as a difference of kind and destination, not merely degree, and must not be reframed as a ritual mourning performance.
Comfort Consolation
Approved rendering: सान्त्वना
Transliteration: santwana
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Ch.1 (major theme-word, ~10x); ch.7. Distinct sense from the baseline’s context-sensitive ‘exhort’ entry; must convey a personal, relational comfort from God himself, not a meditative-equanimity technique or Buddhist teaching on acceptance of दुःख.
Ministry
Approved rendering: सेवा / सेवकाई
Transliteration: seva / sevakai
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Reconciliation with God
3, 4, 5:18, 6. सेवा alone risks conflation with Hindu religious seva (temple/guru service, karma-yoga merit-generating service); must be anchored as gospel-empowered service flowing from grace, not merit-earning religious duty, especially in 5:18 (‘the ministry of reconciliation’).
Ambassador
Approved rendering: राजदूत
Transliteration: rajdoot
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
5:20. Must be distinguished from प्रेरित (apostle — the unique, authorized, church-founding office); ambassador describes a function every believer engaged in this ministry shares, not a claim to the distinct apostolic office.
Generosity
Approved rendering: उदारता
Transliteration: udarata
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: दान, चढ़ावा, भेटी, दक्षिणा
8:2; 9:11,13. दान/चढ़ावा/भेटी/दक्षिणा all frame giving as merit-generating almsgiving or upward ritual offering to a deity/priest, the near-opposite of grace-first giving. Context-sensitive dual sense of ἁπλότης alongside ‘sincerity’ (see that entry).
Equality Economic
Approved rendering: समानता
Transliteration: samanata
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
8:13-14. Parallels the baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles/universal_scope_of_gospel concerns, cutting against caste-linked economic stratification still socially present in parts of Nepal.
Sufficiency Contentment
Approved rendering: पर्याप्तता
Transliteration: paryaptata
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
9:8. Must be distinguished from the Stoic or ascetic self-sufficiency ideal (self-generated contentment through detachment from desire, resonant with certain Hindu/Buddhist renunciate ideals); here sufficiency is graciously supplied by God. Rare Sanskrit-tatsama term; gloss with plain language (‘God gives you everything you need’) at first occurrence for readability.
Earnest Guarantee
Approved rendering: बैना
Transliteration: baina
Doctrine: Assurance via the Spirit as Guarantee
1:22; 5:5. Must convey certainty of a guaranteed future inheritance secured by God himself, not a repayable debt or transactional exchange resembling a karma-ledger.
Sealed By Spirit
Approved rendering: छाप लगाउनु
Transliteration: chhap lagaunu
Doctrine: Assurance via the Spirit as Guarantee
1:22. God’s authenticating mark on believers via the Spirit.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: धन्यवाद
Transliteration: dhanyavad
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Inherited from Romans package. 9:11-12 links generosity to thanksgiving.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: सहभागिता
Transliteration: sahabhagita
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: मित्रता
Inherited from Romans package. 8:4 collection partnership; elevated to Critical only in the fixed 13:14 Trinitarian-benediction combination (see trinitarian_benediction entry).
Exhort
Approved rendering: उत्साहित पार्नु / बिन्ती गर्नु
Transliteration: utsahit parnu / binti garnu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13; distinct from the comfort-in-suffering sense (सान्त्वना) also carried by the same Greek root παρακαλέω/παράκλησις.
David
Approved rendering: दाऊद
Transliteration: Daud
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. No direct 2 Corinthians occurrence; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: खुसीसाथ दिने दाता
Transliteration: khusi-sath dine data
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
9:7. ‘God loves a cheerful giver’ — the manner of giving matters as much as the amount.
Referenced passages