Linguistic Gap Analysis — Galatians (English–Nepali)

1. Scope and Method

Galatians is a shorter, more polemical letter than Romans, compressing its doctrinal argument into six chapters and repeating a small set of terms with very high theological density (δικαιοσύνη, νόμος, πίστις, σάρξ, ἐλευθερία). This concentration means Galatians has fewer distinct terms than Romans but a higher proportion of Critical-risk load-bearing vocabulary per verse, especially across the core passage (2:15-21), where justification, works-of-the-law, faith-in-Christ, law, grace, and crucifixion-with-Christ all occur within seven verses.

This analysis proceeds in four parts, per the Step 8 mandate:

1. Doctrine Vocabulary Matrix — for each of the 14 named curriculum doctrines: available Nepali terms, their weaknesses, and the recommended strategy.
2. Missing Vocabulary vs. Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods — terms with no ready Nepali Christian equivalent (requiring coinage/compounding) versus terms where Nepali already has too many candidate words, each pulling toward a different, non-Christian conceptual system, requiring deliberate “fencing” (disambiguating notes, paired qualifiers, or outright exclusion).
3. Transliteration vs. Paraphrase Decision Log — a term-by-term ruling with rationale.
4. Ranked List of Highest-Risk Ambiguities — the fifteen points in this letter most likely to produce doctrinal drift if mishandled, in priority order for reviewer attention.

A chapter-by-chapter coverage checklist (§5) confirms full-book scope per the PRD mandate, including chapters that introduce no new terminology.

All Nepali renderings below are either (a) reused exactly from the Romans baseline, or (b) carried forward exactly as already fixed in analysis/08_core_glossary.md and the updated bible_term_registry.json. This document does not re-derive those renderings; it explains why the gaps exist and how they were closed, for reviewer and Phase 2 use.

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2. Doctrine Vocabulary Matrix

#	Doctrine	Available Nepali Term(s)	Semantic Weaknesses / Gaps	Recommended Strategy	Risk Tier
1	Justification by Faith	धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य (justification); धार्मिकता (righteousness); ख्रीष्टमाथिको विश्वास (faith in Christ)	No single Nepali word carries the forensic “declared, not made” sense; धार्मिकता alone can be heard as an ethical trait rather than a legal verdict. No Hindu/Buddhist category maps to a courtroom declaration of innocent status granted apart from behavior.	Retain the Romans-baseline compound phrase in full; never abbreviate to माफी (mere forgiveness) or धार्मिकता alone. Pair with explicit contrast against व्यवस्थाका कामहरू (works of the law) at every occurrence in the core passage (2:16-17).	Critical
2	The True Gospel versus False Gospels	सुसमाचार; अर्को/भिन्न सुसमाचार (heteron); श्रापित होस् (anathema)	Nepali has no lexical distinction paralleling Greek ἕτερον (different in kind) vs. ἄλλο (another of the same kind); risk that “another gospel” reads as “one gospel among several legitimate options.”	Always pair अर्को/भिन्न सुसमाचार with an explicit surrounding clarification that it is not a true gospel at all (1:7’s ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλο). Use श्रापित होस् with a bracketed pastoral note distinguishing divine judicial verdict from folk-curse practice.	Critical
3	Paul’s Apostleship	प्रेरित; प्रकाश (revelation); ख्रीष्टका दास (slave of Christ)	प्रेरित alone does not by itself convey “not from man, not through man” (1:1); धर्मदूत/गुरु-adjacent readings could reduce Paul to “a respected teacher” rather than a directly-commissioned authority.	Reinforce प्रेरित with explicit “मानिसद्वारा होइन, परमेश्वरद्वारा” framing wherever 1:1, 1:11-12 are in view. Use प्रकाश (not खुलासा) for ἀποκάλυψις to align with established Bible usage (Revelation = प्रकाश).	High
4	Law and Grace	व्यवस्था; अनुग्रह; व्यवस्थाका कामहरू; बेकार तुल्याउनु (nullify)	अनुग्रह/व्यवस्था as a pair in tension is not native to Nepali religious thought, where dharma-observance and merit are normally viewed as complementary, cumulative goods, not mutually exclusive paths to standing.	Every passage placing law and grace in antithesis (2:16, 2:21, 3:10-12, 5:4) must retain the exclusive-or logic explicitly; avoid any softening conjunction that could imply law-plus-grace synergy.	High
5	Crucified with Christ	ख्रीष्टसँगै क्रुसमा टाँगिएको; मेरो निम्ति आफूलाई अर्पण गर्नुभयो	No Nepali vocabulary exists for a forensic-existential union with another’s death; the nearest available cultural analogues (sādhu tapasyā, ascetic self-mortification) describe self-achieved discipline, the opposite of Paul’s point.	Render literally and pair with explanatory material clarifying this is God’s act, received by faith, not the believer’s ascetic achievement. Never use words built on तप/तपस्या.	Critical
6	The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise	करार; प्रतिज्ञा; वंश/सन्तान; अब्राहामको आशीष्	वंश is ambiguously singular/collective in Nepali just as σπέρμα is in Greek — but Paul’s 3:16 argument specifically exploits Greek grammatical singularity, which Nepali cannot reproduce without a footnote.	Retain वंश/सन्तान with a mandatory translator’s note at 3:16 explaining Paul’s singular-referent (Christ) argument; do not attempt to force artificial singularity onto the Nepali noun itself.	Critical
7	The Law’s Purpose	अभिभावक (guardian); श्राप (curse); छुटकारा दिनुभयो (redeem); समयको पूर्णता	अभिभावक risks being read through the honored, ongoing guru-shishya relationship rather than as a temporary, terminating custodial role that ends once its purpose is fulfilled.	Explicitly state the temporary/terminating nature of the guardian role (3:24-25) alongside अभिभावक; do not let it stand alone without that qualifier.	Medium/High
8	Adoption and Sonship	दत्तक पुत्रता; अब दास होइन तर पुत्र; अब्बा; पिता	दत्तक पुत्रता is a legal/administrative-sounding compound with limited everyday emotional resonance; Nepali family structures (including caste-linked status distinctions) can predispose readers to imagine adoption as a lesser status than biological sonship, precisely the opposite of Paul’s point.	Pair दत्तक पुत्रता consistently with उत्तराधिकारी (full heir) language and अब्बा-पिता intimacy to reinforce equal, not lesser, status.	High
9	Freedom in Christ	स्वतन्त्रता; दासत्व/दासत्वमा पार्ने; दासत्वको जुवा	स्वतन्त्रता in contemporary Nepali usage (post-2008 republic) carries strong, immediate political/civic connotations (democracy, liberation from monarchy) that can crowd out the narrower soteriological sense of freedom from law’s condemnation and sin’s dominion.	Anchor स्वतन्त्रता explicitly to “व्यवस्थाको दोषबाट” (from the law’s condemnation) or “पापको दासत्वबाट” (from sin’s slavery) at each occurrence rather than leaving it unqualified.	Critical
10	Circumcision and the New Creation	खतना; खतना नभएको; नयाँ सृष्टि	No live ritual parallel exists in Nepal (low cultural-collision risk), but correspondingly no prior-knowledge scaffolding exists either — Nepali readers with low OT literacy will not know why circumcision mattered at all.	Provide OT covenant-background explanation (Genesis 17) as required contextual material wherever खतना appears; do not assume comprehension.	Critical
11	Flesh versus Spirit	शरीर (neutral and moral senses); पापी स्वभाव (explanatory); पवित्र आत्मा; आत्माद्वारा हिंड्ने	Nepali शरीर is a single word covering both the neutral “body” sense (2:20) and the morally-loaded “flesh” sense (5:16-24); this collapse is a genuine gap, since Nepali does not have Paul’s built-in two-register vocabulary.	Disambiguate every ch.5 occurrence with the explanatory qualifier पापी स्वभाव in surrounding material, reserving unqualified शरीर for the ch.2 neutral sense.	Critical
12	Fruit of the Spirit	आत्माको फल (singular); प्रेम; भरोसायोग्यता	Nepali pluralization habits (आत्माका फलहरू) come naturally and must be actively resisted to preserve Paul’s unified-fruit theology; भक्ति-tradition वरदान/सिद्धि vocabulary must not bleed into any of the nine virtue-words.	Enforce singular फल strictly; audit each of the nine virtue terms individually against Hindu/Buddhist devotional-attainment vocabulary during Phase 2 QA.	Critical
13	Faith Working through Love	प्रेमद्वारा काम गर्ने विश्वास; प्रेम	The construction risks being read as “faith plus works of love as two co-required conditions for standing,” inverting Paul’s point that love is faith’s organic fruit, not a supplementary merit.	Always gloss with “विश्वासबाट उत्पन्न हुने प्रेम” (love that arises out of faith) in surrounding teaching material, never presenting the two as parallel independent requirements.	Critical
14	Bearing One Another’s Burdens	एकअर्काका भारी बोक्नु; ख्रीष्टको व्यवस्था	Positive asset, not a gap: भारी (porter’s load) is a vivid, culturally resonant, dignified image in Nepal’s mountain-portering economy. Minor risk: ख्रीष्टको व्यवस्था could be misheard as a return to law-based righteousness if not clearly distinguished from व्यवस्था/Mosaic law.	Lean into the भारी imagery pastorally; explicitly distinguish ख्रीष्टको व्यवस्था from व्यवस्था-as-basis-for-righteousness in the same unit of teaching (6:2 vs. 2:16).	High

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3. Missing Vocabulary vs. Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods

3.1 Missing Vocabulary (no ready Nepali Christian equivalent; requires coinage, compounding, or explanatory scaffolding)

Term (Greek/English)	Gap Description	Closure Strategy
ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον vs. ἄλλο (different-in-kind vs. another-of-same-kind)	Nepali has no native lexical pair marking this distinction.	Compound phrase अर्को/भिन्न सुसमाचार + explicit “यो साँचो सुसमाचार होइन” clarifying clause.
στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου (elemental things)	No Nepali term captures “elementary religious system held in common by both Jewish law-observance and pagan religion.”	संसारका आधारभूत तत्वहरू (coined compound), explicit rejection of आत्मिक शक्तिहरू.
σπέρμα as Paul’s grammatically-singular argument (3:16)	Nepali वंश, like Greek σπέρμα in ordinary usage, is number-ambiguous; Paul’s specific grammatical-singular argument has no native equivalent.	वंश/सन्तान + mandatory translator’s note explaining the singular-referent (Christ) argument.
παιδαγωγός (temporary custodial guardian, not modern “teacher”)	No Nepali social role maps precisely; nearest cultural analogue (guru-shishya) is the wrong shape (permanent, honored, not terminating).	अभिभावक + explicit “temporary, until Christ came” qualifier at every occurrence.
δωρεάν used adversatively (“for nothing,” 2:21) vs. its usual positive “as a free gift” sense	No Nepali word carries both senses; using an अनुग्रह-family word here would falsely echo grace-vocabulary in a verse about pointlessness.	व्यर्थैमा मर्नुभयो — a wholly separate lexical family from अनुग्रह.
Paul’s ἕτερον/ψευδάδελφοι social-betrayal register (2:4)	Nepali church vocabulary for “false brother” is thin, since the church has historically been small and mutually protective under legal pressure; the concept of internal doctrinal betrayal (as opposed to external persecution) is under-lexicalized pastorally.	झूटा भाइहरू + native-speaker-reviewed framing as doctrinal warning, not license for interpersonal suspicion.
ἐβάσκανεν / evil-eye idiom (3:1)	No neutral Nepali equivalent for a dead Greek folk-idiom meaning simply “deceived”; any literal rendering imports a live, still-operative Nepali belief system.	Rhetorical question form (कसले तपाईंहरूलाई भुल्याएको छ?) rather than any बोक्सी/जादू-root word.
στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ (marks of Jesus, 6:17)	No existing Nepali Christian phrase for “authenticating persecution scars” as a category.	येशूका चोटका डामहरू + explicit note distinguishing from tilaka/ash-marks/ritual scarification.

3.2 Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods (Nepali has abundant vocabulary, but each candidate pulls toward a different, non-Christian frame; requires active fencing)

Nepali Word/Root	Competing Frame(s) It Normally Signals	Doctrine at Risk	Fencing Strategy
धर्म	State-codified caste order (1854 Muluki Ain); Hindu Kingdom identity (pre-2007); generic “a religion” (as in यहूदी धर्म)	Righteousness; Law; Judaism (as background term)	NEVER use for righteousness/law (baseline rule, reused). May be used narrowly for “Judaism-as-named-religious-system” (यहूदी धर्म) ONLY with theologian sign-off per B4/judaism entry; never for δικαιοσύνη or νόμος.
शक्ति	Newar Tantric Shakta tradition; Kumari (living-goddess) cult, concretely practiced in the Kathmandu Valley	Power of God (background); Elemental Things	NEVER for δύναμις θεοῦ (baseline rule, reused) or for στοιχεῖα (rejected आत्मिक शक्तिहरू alternative).
पुण्य / भाग्य / कर्मको नियम	Hindu/Buddhist merit-accumulation and karma-governance frameworks	Grace; Sow-and-Reap; Works of the Law	NEVER for χάρις. For 6:7-8’s sowing/reaping, explicitly anchor to a personal God’s moral governance and final judgment — the same fencing the Romans baseline requires for providence.
मोक्ष / मुक्ति / निर्वाण	Hindu liberation from rebirth; Buddhist cessation of craving/self	Salvation (background); Freedom in Christ; New Creation	NEVER for σωτηρία, ἐλευθερία, or καινὴ κτίσις. स्वतन्त्रता (freedom) must always be qualified by its specific object (law’s condemnation, sin’s dominion), not left as an unqualified liberation-word that could collapse toward मुक्ति/मोक्ष.
पुनर्जन्म / अवतार	Rebirth-by-karma (Hindu and Buddhist); Shah-dynasty royal avatar theology (until 2008)	Resurrection (background); Incarnation (background)	NEVER for ἀνάστασις or the incarnation event; reused baseline rule, extended to Galatians 4:4’s “sent forth his Son, born of a woman.”
दास / दासत्व / जुवा	Nepal’s Kamaiya/Kamlari bonded-labor history (formally abolished 2000/2013)	Slave of Christ; Slavery/Bondage under Law; Yoke of Slavery; No Longer Slave but Son	Retain as doctrinally apt (Paul’s own chosen metaphor) but require pastoral framing at every occurrence distinguishing (a) positive total-belonging-to-a-good-Master (1:10) from (b) real historical coerced bondage, so the text is not heard as trivializing that history.
श्राप / श्रापित होस्	Live folk-belief in literal curses: dokh, jhankri-pronounced curses, boksi/witch-curse accusations, sometimes provoking real social or violent consequences	Anathema; Curse of the Law	Anchor every occurrence to (a) God’s judicial verdict against false teaching (1:8-9) or (b) the specific Deuteronomic covenant-curse Christ absorbed once (3:10-13); never leave unglossed as if describing an ongoing magical affliction requiring shamanic removal.
तन्त्र-मन्त्र / जादू-टुना / बोक्सीविद्या	Jhankri shamanism; Hindu Shakta and Newar Buddhist tantric ritual practice; real, sometimes violent boksi accusations still occurring	Works of the Flesh (φαρμακεία, 5:20)	Name clearly enough to identify actual occult/magical practice as scripturally condemned, while remaining pastorally aware some believers’ extended families may be directly involved; do not soften into a vague “bad things” euphemism.
स्तम्भ	Physical temple/shrine architectural pillars in Hindu contexts	Pillars (apostolic leaders, 2:9)	Context must make the leadership metaphor explicit at first use; not for standalone or isolated reference.
युग	Hindu cyclical cosmic time (Satya/Kali Yuga etc.)	This Present Evil Age (1:4)	Must be explicitly bounded as “यो वर्तमान” (this present) age within Paul’s linear salvation-history frame, never left to imply a repeating cosmic epoch.
आशीष् / वरदान	Generic deity/guru-granted boons in Hindu/Buddhist devotional narrative	Blessing of Abraham; Spiritual Gifts (background)	Pair with the specific covenant referent (अब्राहामको आशीष्, आत्मिक वरदान) — never leave as a bare, generic “blessing/boon” word.
गुरु-शिष्य (conceptual neighborhood, no single word but a whole relational schema)	Ongoing, lifelong, honored teacher-disciple bond central to Hindu and Buddhist religious formation	Guardian/Tutor (παιδαγωγός); Paul’s Apostleship (teacher-authority dynamics)	Explicitly mark the guardian role as temporary/terminating (unlike guru-shishya) and Paul’s apostolic authority as directly God-given (unlike a human-lineage guru transmission).
प्रेम	Romantic/bhakti-devotional sentiment, heavily shaped by Hindi/Sanskrit devotional literature (Krishna-prem, film/song usage)	Love (agapē); Faith Working through Love; Fruit of the Spirit	Anchor contextually to willed, active, self-giving, neighbor-directed action (5:13-14, 6:2), not affective/devotional sentiment.
भरोसा-family words (भरोसायोग्यता vs. विश्वास)	Overlap between saving-faith vocabulary and general-reliability vocabulary	Fruit of the Spirit (faithfulness virtue) vs. Faith	Keep विश्वास exclusively for saving faith in Christ; भरोसायोग्यता exclusively for the character-virtue sense within the fruit list (5:22).

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4. Transliteration vs. Paraphrase Decision Log

Term	Decision	Rationale
Ἀββά (Abba)	Transliterate: अब्बा	Preserves Aramaic filial intimacy untranslatable by पिता alone; reused from Romans baseline; requires an explanatory note since it is not everyday Nepali vocabulary.
Χριστός (Christ / Messiah)	Transliterate (dual form retained): मसीह / ख्रीष्ट	मसीह for explicit OT-fulfillment contexts; ख्रीष्ट as the fixed title-form in the combined name येशू ख्रीष्ट, per established Nepali Bible convention and Romans baseline.
βάπτισμα (baptism)	Transliterate: बप्तिस्मा	Established Nepali Christian loanword; paraphrase risks conflating with Hindu ritual river-bathing (e.g., Bagmati at Pashupatinath); the transliterated loanword itself already carries a distinct Christian identity in Nepali usage and requires no further paraphrase.
ἀνάθεμα (anathema)	Paraphrase, not transliterate: श्रापित होस्	A transliterated “anathema” would be opaque to Nepali readers; the Nepali paraphrase is comprehensible but requires a fencing note (§3.2) against literal folk-curse belief.
ἀποκάλυψις (revelation)	Paraphrase using existing Bible-tradition term: प्रकाश	Already established as the title of the book of Revelation in Nepali Bible tradition; reusing it here (rather than coining something new or transliterating “apokalypsis”) maintains cross-document consistency.
ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον	Paraphrase (compound): अर्को/भिन्न सुसमाचार	No single Nepali word distinguishes ἕτερον from ἄλλο; compounding with सुसमाचार (already fixed) and adding a clarifying clause is the only viable path — transliteration is not applicable to a two-word Greek phrase describing a category, not a proper noun.
στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου	Paraphrase (coined compound): संसारका आधारभूत तत्वहरू	Transliteration (“stoikheia”) would be meaningless to Nepali readers; paraphrase is mandatory, and the specific paraphrase chosen deliberately avoids the आत्मिक शक्तिहरू alternative that would validate animistic spirit-belief.
παιδαγωγός	Paraphrase: अभिभावक	No Nepali social role is close enough to transliterate meaningfully; existing Nepali word for “guardian” is repurposed with an explanatory temporal qualifier rather than coining a wholly new term.
σπέρμα (seed/offspring, singular argument)	Paraphrase, with translator’s note: वंश/सन्तान	Proper-noun-adjacent but not a name; paraphrase using existing kinship vocabulary is preferred over transliteration, compensated by a mandatory explanatory note preserving Paul’s grammatical point.
φαρμακεία (sorcery)	Paraphrase (compound/pair): तन्त्र-मन्त्र / जादू-टुना / बोक्सीविद्या	Transliteration (“pharmakeia”) would obscure the real, live cultural referent Paul is naming; deliberate paraphrase using existing, recognizable Nepali vocabulary for occult practice is required so the moral force of the vice-list is not lost — despite (indeed, because of) its cultural sensitivity.
δικαίωσις / δικαιοσύνη (justification/righteousness)	Paraphrase (compound), reused from Romans baseline	Single Nepali words available (धर्म-family) are Critical-risk forbidden; the compound धर्मी ठहराइने कार्य is necessary and already fixed — no transliteration option exists or is desired for a common Greek noun with a rich Hebrew Bible background.
Ἰουδαϊσμός (Judaism)	Paraphrase: यहूदी धर्म	Here alone, धर्म is licensed in its ordinary “named religious system” sense (distinct from the forbidden righteousness-sense); transliteration (“Judaism” as a loanword) is unnecessary since Nepali already has adequate descriptive vocabulary for “the Jewish religious-national system.” Every occurrence still requires theologian confirmation per the glossary.
πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου (fullness of time)	Paraphrase: समयको पूर्णता	Ordinary compound of existing Nepali words; no transliteration candidate exists, and paraphrase carries the linear-historical sense clearly once contrasted (in surrounding teaching material) with cyclical yuga-timing.
Names (Paul, Cephas/Peter, Barnabas, Titus, James, Jerusalem, Antioch, Arabia, Sinai, Hagar, Sarah, Isaac, Ishmael, Abraham)	Transliterate using established Nepali Bible proper-name forms	Consistent with the Instruction Set’s proper-noun policy; no paraphrase applicable to proper names. Full proper-name form list to be finalized in Step 9 (glossary consolidation) but flagged here as a transliteration-only category requiring no doctrinal decision.

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5. Ranked List of Highest-Risk Ambiguities in Galatians

Ranked by combined severity (doctrinal centrality × collision potential with Nepali religious frameworks × likelihood of translator drift absent explicit mitigation). All fifteen require human theologian review per the escalation rules already established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, extended to this curriculum.

1. Galatians 2:16 “works of the law” vs. “faith in Christ” — the single most theologically load-bearing verse-pair in the letter and the anchor of the core passage (2:15-21); any drift toward सत्कर्म-style merit vocabulary collapses Paul’s entire antithesis. (Justification by Faith; Law and Grace)
2. Galatians 2:20 “crucified with Christ… yet I live” — highest risk of an ascetic self-mortification (tapasyā) misreading; must remain God-accomplished, faith-received, not achieved. (Crucified with Christ)
3. Galatians 5:22-23 fruit of the Spirit list — nine virtue-words, each individually vulnerable to devotional-attainment (siddhi/वरदान) or karma-merit re-framing; singular फल must be preserved against natural pluralizing drift. (Fruit of the Spirit)
4. Galatians 5:1, 13 “freedom” — collision with contemporary Nepali political/civic liberty discourse (post-2008 republic); must retain specific soteriological object at every use. (Freedom in Christ)
5. Galatians 6:7-8 “sow and reap” — closest surface resemblance in the entire letter to the pervasive Hindu/Buddhist law of karma; must be anchored to personal divine moral governance and final judgment. (The Law’s Purpose / moral consequence)
6. Galatians 1:8-9 “let him be anathema” / 3:13 “curse of the law” — live, ongoing Nepali folk-belief in literal curses (dokh, jhankri-curses, boksi-accusations with real social/violent consequences) risks a magical rather than judicial reading. (True Gospel vs. False Gospels; The Law’s Purpose)
7. Galatians 4:4 “God sent forth his Son, born of a woman, born under the law” — direct collision risk with Shah-dynasty royal avatar theology within living Nepali memory; अवतार is absolutely forbidden here as everywhere. (Incarnation background; Sonship of Christ)
8. Galatians 4:3, 9 “elemental things of the world” — highest-priority flag against validating literal animistic/tantric spirit-power belief (jhankri shamanism, territorial/household deities) if mistranslated as आत्मिक शक्तिहरू. (The Law’s Purpose; Freedom in Christ)
9. Galatians 5:19-21 “works of the flesh,” specifically φαρμακεία (sorcery) — a live, not antiquarian, pastoral category in Nepal; requires clear naming without either euphemism or sensationalism. (Flesh versus Spirit)
10. Galatians 3:16 “seed,” singular — Paul’s grammatical-singular argument for Christ as the one true offspring cannot be reproduced by Nepali वंश/सन्तान without an explanatory note; omission silently weakens the Abrahamic-covenant argument. (Abrahamic Covenant and Promise)
11. Galatians 3:24-25 “guardian” (παιδαγωγός) — risk of assimilation to the honored, ongoing guru-shishya relationship rather than a temporary, terminating custodial role. (The Law’s Purpose)
12. Galatians 2:4 “false brothers” — pastoral sensitivity given the historically small, tightly-bonded, formerly-underground Nepali church; risk of generating interpersonal suspicion rather than doctrinal discernment. (True Gospel vs. False Gospels)
13. Galatians 4:1-7 “no longer a slave but a son” / adoption — दास/दासत्व vocabulary’s live resonance with Nepal’s Kamaiya/Kamlari bonded-labor history requires careful positive-contrast framing so the historical suffering that vocabulary evokes is not trivialized. (Adoption and Sonship)
14. Galatians 1:6-7 “a different gospel… which is not really another gospel” — Nepali’s lack of a lexical ἕτερον/ἄλλο distinction risks readers hearing “another legitimate option” rather than “a counterfeit.” (True Gospel vs. False Gospels)
15. Galatians 6:15 “new creation” — must be sharply distinguished from both Hindu cyclical srishti-sthiti-pralaya cosmology and Buddhist emptiness/dependent-origination frameworks; the letter’s climactic theological claim must not be flattened into a generic “renewal” concept. (Circumcision and the New Creation)

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6. Chapter-by-Chapter Coverage Checklist (Full-Book Confirmation)

Chapter	New/Load-Bearing Terms Introduced	Coverage Status
Galatians 1	different gospel, anathema, revelation, slave of Christ, Judaism, this present evil age, apostleship-authority framing	Fully analyzed above (§2 items 2-3; §3.1; §4; §5 items 6-7, 14)
Galatians 2 (includes core passage 2:15-21)	false brothers, pillars, freedom, slavery/bondage, works of the law, faith in Christ, justification, nullify grace, died in vain, crucified with Christ, gave himself for me, flesh (neutral)	Fully analyzed above (§2 items 1, 4-5, 9; §3.1-3.2; §4; §5 items 1-2, 6, 12, 14); core theological anchor of the entire analysis
Galatians 3	curse of the law, redeem, promise, covenant, seed/offspring, blessing of Abraham, guardian/tutor, baptism, heir, scripture (personified)	Fully analyzed above (§2 item 6-7; §3.1-3.2; §4; §5 items 6, 10-11); bewitched/deceived idiom (3:1) analyzed in §3.1 and §5 item 6-adjacent risk category
Galatians 4	elemental things, fullness of time, allegorized, Jerusalem above, no longer slave but son, Abba	Fully analyzed above (§2 items 6-8; §3.1-3.2; §4; §5 items 7-8, 13)
Galatians 5	flesh (moral sense), walk by the Spirit, works of the flesh, sorcery, fruit of the Spirit, faithfulness (virtue sense), faith working through love, love (agapē), yoke of slavery, fallen from grace	Fully analyzed above (§2 items 9, 11-13; §3.1-3.2; §4; §5 items 3, 9) — highest concentration of Critical-risk terms outside chapter 2
Galatians 6	sow and reap, bear one another’s burdens, law of Christ, new creation, marks of Jesus, Israel of God (extension)	Fully analyzed above (§2 item 14; §3.1; §5 items 5, 15); marks of Jesus analyzed in §3.1 missing-vocabulary table

No chapter in Galatians is without load-bearing theological vocabulary; every chapter is represented in at least one section of this analysis.

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7. Summary Recommendation for Phase 2 Preparation

1. Load translation_memory.json and the updated bible_term_registry.json (Galatians entries) before any segment translation, per the existing Instruction Set.
2. Treat §5’s ranked list as the mandatory first-pass review queue for Step 17 human theologian review scheduling.
3. Treat §3.2’s crowded-neighborhood table as a standing checklist for automated forbidden-term validation (extending the existing validation rule table in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md with Galatians-specific additions: तन्त्र-मन्त्र/जादू-टुना, गुरु-शिष्य-implying phrasing, स्तम्भ used without leadership context, युग used without temporal bounding, and अवतार/पुनर्जन्म again for 4:4 and background resurrection references).
4. §4’s transliteration/paraphrase log should be treated as settled policy, not re-opened per segment, except where a theologian flags a specific verse-level exception.

This document should be read alongside analysis/08_core_glossary.md for term-level detail and the updated assets/bible_term_registry.json for the authoritative per-term entries it presupposes.