Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians | English → Spanish
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across the entire book of 1 Corinthians, chapters 1–16, into a single per-term reference table. Terms already established in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked Reused and carry their baseline rendering and risk tier forward unchanged, per the hard rule that established renderings must never be altered. Terms newly introduced by 1 Corinthians are marked New and are proposed here for formal addition to the Language Package’s translation_memory.json in Phase 2, with a risk tier assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Doctrine mapping follows the ten curriculum doctrines: Resurrection (RES), Unity vs. Factionalism (UNI), Cross as Wisdom/Power (CRO), Church Discipline/Holiness (DIS), Marriage/Singleness (MAR), Christian Liberty/Idol Meat (LIB), Lord’s Supper (LS), Spiritual Gifts/Body of Christ (GFT), Love as Greater Way (LOV), Order in Worship (ORD). Terms supporting multiple doctrines list all applicable codes.
A. Reused Terms (Baseline Romans Translation Memory — Rendering Fixed, Do Not Alter)
| # | Term (English) | Original Greek | Spanish Rendering | Risk Tier | Doctrine Code(s) | Key 1 Cor Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | evangelio | High | RES | 1 Cor 15:1-2, 11; 9:12-18 | Reused exactly. 15:1-11 is the fullest apostolic content-definition of the term in the NT. |
| 2 | grace | χάρις | gracia | High | RES, LOV | 1 Cor 1:3-4; 3:10; 15:10; 16:23 | Reused exactly. 15:10 (“not I, but the grace of God”) is a prime grace-vs-merit teaching text; flag for theologian review per baseline validation rule. |
| 3 | faith | πίστις | fe | High | RES, LIB | 1 Cor 2:5; 12:9; 13:2, 13; 15:2, 11, 14, 17 | Reused exactly. |
| 4 | righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | justicia | Critical | (general) | 1 Cor 1:30; 6:11 | Reused exactly; less prominent than in Romans but doctrinally identical stakes. |
| 5 | justification | δικαίωσις/δικαιόω | justificación / justificados | Critical | (general) | 1 Cor 6:11 (“justified in the name of the Lord Jesus”) | Reused exactly; forensic sense must be preserved. |
| 6 | salvation | σωτηρία / σῴζω | salvación / salvo(s) | Critical | RES, UNI | 1 Cor 1:18, 21; 15:2 | Reused exactly. 15:2’s “are being saved” is Critical per baseline; ongoing experience grounded in a finished, once-for-all fact, not progressive merit. |
| 7 | apostle | ἀπόστολος | apóstol | Low | RES, UNI | 1 Cor 1:1; 4:9; 9:1-2; 12:28-29; 15:5-9 | Reused exactly. |
| 8 | called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | llamado | High | RES, UNI | 1 Cor 1:1-2, 9, 24, 26; 7:15-24; 15:9 | Reused exactly. 7:17-24’s repeated “in the calling in which he was called” needs particular care not to collapse into “vocación.” |
| 9 | holy | ἅγιος | santo | High | DIS, MAR | 1 Cor 3:17; 7:14, 34 | Reused exactly. |
| 10 | saints | ἅγιοι | santos | Critical | DIS, UNI | 1 Cor 1:2; 6:1-2; 14:33; 16:1, 15 | Reused exactly. 1:2 repeats Romans 1:7’s exact “called to be saints” formula for a visibly flawed, divided church — the explanatory note is even more pedagogically necessary here. |
| 11 | sanctification | ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω | santificación / santificado(s) | High | DIS, MAR | 1 Cor 1:2, 30; 6:11; 7:14 | Reused exactly. 7:14’s use for an unbelieving spouse requires a distinct, qualified-sense teaching note (see semantic analysis ch.7). |
| 12 | church | ἐκκλησία | iglesia | Medium | UNI, DIS, GFT | 1 Cor 1:2; 4:17; 6:4; 10:32; 11:16, 18, 22; 12:28; 14:4-5, 12, 19, 23, 28, 33-35; 15:9; 16:1, 19 | Reused exactly, lowercase per baseline forbidden-substitution rule. Extremely high-frequency term in this letter — church order/practice is the letter’s dominant practical subject. |
| 13 | kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | reino de Dios | Medium | RES, DIS | 1 Cor 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24, 50 | Reused exactly. 15:24’s “kingdom handed to the Father” is a key eschatological text. |
| 14 | law | νόμος | ley | High | LIB, ORD | 1 Cor 7:39; 9:8-9, 20; 14:21, 34; 15:56 | Reused exactly. |
| 15 | sin | ἁμαρτία | pecado | Medium | RES, DIS | 1 Cor 15:3, 17, 56; 6:18 | Reused exactly. |
| 16 | glory | δόξα | gloria | High | CRO, ORD, RES | 1 Cor 2:7-8; 6:20; 10:31; 11:7, 15; 15:40-43 | Reused exactly. |
| 17 | power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | poder de Dios | Medium | CRO | 1 Cor 1:18, 24; 2:5; 6:14 | Reused exactly. 1:18-25’s cross-paradox is a new contextual application (power revealed in apparent weakness). |
| 18 | spiritual gifts | χαρίσματα | dones espirituales | Medium | GFT, MAR | 1 Cor 7:7; 12:4, 9, 28, 30-31 | Reused exactly. Doctrine “Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ” is directly named by this term. |
| 19 | prophecy / prophet | προφητεία / προφήτης | profecía / profeta | Low | GFT, ORD | 1 Cor 12:10, 28-29; 13:2, 8-9; 14:1-6, 22-39 | Reused exactly. Contextual shift to edification-emphasis (vs. Romans’ fulfillment-emphasis) noted for teaching, risk tier unchanged. |
| 20 | fellowship | κοινωνία | compañerismo (contextual: comunión) | Low (base); High at LS-adjacent occurrences | UNI, LS | 1 Cor 1:9; 10:16-17 | Reused exactly, using baseline’s own allowance for contextual “comunión.” 10:16-17’s Lord’s Supper participation sense elevates risk to High; flag for theologian review at that occurrence. |
| 21 | covenant | διαθήκη | pacto | High | LS | 1 Cor 11:25 | Reused exactly; baseline’s “pacto vs. alianza” note applies unchanged. |
| 22 | Lord | κύριος | Señor | Critical | CRO, LS, GFT | 1 Cor 1:2-3, 9, 31; 8:6; 10:21-22; 11:20, 23, 26-27, 32; 12:3, 5; 15:31, 57 | Reused exactly. 12:3’s “Jesus is Lord” must be rendered identically to Romans 10:9 per baseline cross-document consistency rule. |
| 23 | Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός | Jesús / Cristo | Critical | (all) | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| 24 | God | θεός | Dios | Critical | (all) | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| 25 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Espíritu Santo | Critical | GFT | 1 Cor 2:10-13; 3:16; 6:19; 12:3-13 | Reused exactly. |
| 26 | Father | πατήρ | Padre | Critical | GFT, RES | 1 Cor 8:6; 15:24 | Reused exactly. |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Corinthians (Proposed Additions to Language Package)
| # | Term (English) | Original Greek | Transliteration | Spanish Rendering | Risk Tier | Doctrine Code(s) | Key Passages | Alternatives Rejected | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | division/schism | σχίσμα | schisma | división | Medium | UNI | 1:10-13; 11:18 | ”esquisma” (imports major church-historical schism connotations inappropriate to intra-congregational strife) | Names the letter’s presenting problem; register must stay at congregational, not church-historical, scale. |
| 28 | strife/quarreling | ἔρις | eris | contiendas / disensiones | Low | UNI | 1:11; 3:3 | — | Standard, low ambiguity. |
| 29 | wisdom | σοφία | sophia | sabiduría | Medium | CRO | 1:17-25; 2:1-13; 3:19 | — | Must be tracked in sustained rhetorical antithesis with “locura” throughout 1:18–2:16. |
| 30 | foolishness | μωρία | mōria | locura | Medium | CRO | 1:18, 21, 23, 25; 2:14; 3:19 | — | Preserve Paul’s deliberate paradox (“the foolishness of God,” 1:25); do not smooth toward a less provocative synonym. |
| 31 | cross | σταυρός | stauros | cruz | High | CRO | 1:17-18; 2:2 | — | Collides with strong devotional/talismanic “la cruz” associations in Hispanic Catholic popular piety (crucifix veneration, processions, protective sign-of-the-cross use); Paul’s rhetorical point (shame → wisdom/power) must be explicitly taught against this backdrop. |
| 32 | spiritual person / natural person | πνευματικός / ψυχικός | pneumatikos / psychikos | espiritual / hombre natural | Medium-High | CRO, GFT, RES | 2:14-15; 15:44-46 | ”psíquico” for ψυχικός (false-cognate risk: reads as “psychic/paranormal” in modern Spanish, exactly the wrong direction) | ψυχικός must never be rendered with a Spanish word suggesting psychic/paranormal phenomena; “hombre natural” is the safer, established Reina-Valera-style rendering. |
| 33 | carnal/fleshly | σαρκικός | sarkikos | carnal | Medium | UNI | 3:1, 3 | — | Guard against a purely moralistic (sensual-sin-only) reading; Paul’s point is factional, worldly-minded immaturity. |
| 34 | temple | ναός | naos | templo | High | UNI, DIS | 3:16-17; 6:19 | — | “Templo” commonly denotes a physical church building in everyday Spanish; both corporate (3:16, the church) and individual (6:19, the believer’s body) applications must be explicitly taught against this default building-association. |
| 35 | steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | administrador / mayordomo | Low | UNI | 4:1-2 | — | Standard. |
| 36 | sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | inmoralidad sexual | Medium | DIS | 5:1; 6:13, 18; 7:2 | ”fornicación” (traditional but narrower than πορνεία’s scope here, which includes incest) | Broader semantic range than English “fornication”; recommend “inmoralidad sexual” as primary Language Package term. |
| 37 | leaven | ζύμη | zymē | levadura | Low-Medium | DIS | 5:6-8 | — | Passover/unleavened-bread OT background needed for full comprehension; term itself translates cleanly. |
| 38 | hand over (disciplinary) | παραδίδωμι (disciplinary sense) | paradidomi | entregar (a Satanás) | High | DIS | 5:5 | — | Same root verb as “delivered” (15:3, tradition-transmission sense); the two senses must never be conflated — translator note required at both occurrences. |
| 39 | marriage | γάμος | gamos | matrimonio | Low | MAR | 7:1-9, 39 | — | Standard. |
| 40 | unmarried/single | ἄγαμος | agamos | soltero / soltera | High | MAR | 7:8, 11, 32-34 | ”vocación” alone, unqualified (per baseline’s existing caution) | Voluntary lay singleness for devotion to God is culturally coded almost exclusively as call to priesthood/consecrated life in Catholic-majority culture; must use “llamado” per baseline, not “vocación,” and teach explicitly that this applies to ordinary believers. |
| 41 | virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | virgen | Critical | MAR | 7:25-38 | unqualified “virgen” with no clarifying gloss | ”La Virgen” is overwhelmingly the title of Mary across the Spanish-speaking world (la Virgen de Guadalupe, del Carmen, de Fátima, etc.); every occurrence in this chapter requires an explicit clarifying gloss that Paul addresses unmarried Christian women generally, not Mary. Human theologian review required for every occurrence. |
| 42 | self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | dominio propio | Low-Medium | MAR | 7:5, 9; 9:25 | — | Standard. |
| 43 | food sacrificed to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | eidōlothyton | carne sacrificada a los ídolos | High | LIB | 8:1-13; 10:19-28 | — | Direct, live parallel to contemporary Santería/Espiritismo/folk-Catholic food-offering practices in Latin America and the Caribbean; not merely an ancient-world curiosity for many learners. |
| 44 | idol | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | ídolo | High | LIB | 8:4-7; 10:14, 19; 12:2 | — | Requires careful non-polemical handling given historical Protestant-Catholic tension over image/saint veneration; teach Paul’s actual point (idols’ non-existence as gods; danger of worship and of wounding weaker consciences) without inter-tradition polemic. |
| 45 | conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | conciencia | Medium | LIB | 8:7, 10, 12; 10:25, 27-29 | — | Must be taught as a genuine moral-spiritual faculty, not mere social etiquette/sensitivity. |
| 46 | right/liberty | ἐξουσία | exousia | derecho / libertad | Medium | LIB | 8:9; 9:4-18 | — | Anchor term for “Christian Liberty”; distinguish real liberty from unrestrained license — voluntarily limited by love for others. |
| 47 | stumbling block | πρόσκομμα | proskomma | piedra de tropiezo / obstáculo | Low | LIB | 8:9, 13 | — | Standard. |
| 48 | disqualified | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | descalificado | Medium-High | LIB | 9:27 | — | Must not be taught as contradicting assurance of salvation (baseline assurance_of_salvation); addresses disqualification from ministry effectiveness/reward, not loss of salvation. |
| 49 | table of the Lord / of demons | τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων | trapeza kyriou / daimoniōn | mesa del Señor / mesa de los demonios | Critical | LIB, LS | 10:21 | — | Direct collision with the Afro-Caribbean Espiritismo “mesa espiritista” ritual practice; a concrete, live regional parallel, not merely historical. Human theologian review required. |
| 50 | head | κεφαλή | kephalē | cabeza | High | ORD | 11:3 | — | Genuinely disputed semantic range (authority vs. source) with direct consequences for teaching on gender/church order; render literally, flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| 51 | tradition | παράδοσις | paradosis | tradición | High | ORD, LS | 11:2, 23; 15:3 | — | Risk of conflation with capitalized Catholic Sacred Tradition (Magisterium-taught, co-authoritative with Scripture); Paul’s usage is bounded, apostolic, Scripture-anchored instruction to a specific church. |
| 52 | the Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | kyriakon deipnon | la Cena del Señor | Critical | LS | 11:20 | ”la Eucaristía,” “la Santa Comunión” (import transubstantiation/re-sacrifice categories not asserted by the bare text) | Parallels Romans’ justification/imputed_righteousness as the letter’s central historical Catholic-Protestant fault line. Standardized on “la Cena del Señor” for this Language Package. Human theologian review required for every occurrence. |
| 53 | body / blood (Supper) | σῶμα / αἷμα | sōma / haima | cuerpo / sangre | Critical | LS | 11:24-25 | — | Render literally without added interpretive gloss toward either memorial-only or transubstantiation readings; confine interpretive nuance to teaching notes. |
| 54 | remembrance | ἀνάμνησις | anamnesis | memoria / en memoria de | High | LS | 11:24-25 | — | Active, proclamatory, communal recalling (11:26), not private devotional recollection alone. |
| 55 | discern the body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | diakrinōn to sōma | discernir el cuerpo | High | LS, UNI | 11:29 | — | Must be taught connected to the social/economic abuse Paul condemns (11:21-22), not reduced to individualistic private worthiness-examination. |
| 56 | body of Christ | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | sōma Christou | cuerpo de Cristo | High | GFT | 12:12-27 | — | Distinct from both the Eucharistic Communion phrase and the formal Catholic “Cuerpo Místico” ecclesiology; Paul’s point here is concrete interdependence of diverse members. |
| 57 | member | μέλος | melos | miembro | Low | GFT | 12:12-27 | — | Standard. |
| 58 | tongues | γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι | glōssa / glōssai | lenguas | High | GFT, ORD | 12:10, 28, 30; 13:1, 8; 14:2-39 | ”poderes espirituales” framing (per baseline’s existing caution on spiritual_gifts) | Live contemporary relevance in Latin American Pentecostal/Charismatic practice and potential confusion with Espiritismo/Santería trance-speech phenomena; must be taught as always subject to order, interpretation, and edification (ch.14). |
| 59 | interpretation | ἑρμηνεία | hermēneia | interpretación | Low | GFT, ORD | 12:10; 14:13, 26-28 | — | Standard. |
| 60 | order | τάξις / ἀκαταστασία (negated) | taxis | orden | Medium | ORD | 14:33, 40 | — | Anchor term for “Order in Worship”; flows from God’s own character (peace, not confusion). |
| 61 | confusion/disorder | ἀκαταστασία | akatastasia | confusión / desorden | Low | ORD | 14:33 | — | Standard. |
| 62 | love | ἀγάπη | agapē | amor | High | LOV | 13:1-13; 8:1; 16:14 | — | Spanish “amor” is a single broad word heavily colored by romantic connotations in popular culture; Paul’s selfless, active, non-romantic sense must be explicitly taught; consider pedagogical gloss “amor ágape” in teaching notes. |
| 63 | firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | aparchē | primicias | Medium | RES | 15:20, 23 | — | Familiar via tithing/offering teaching in evangelical contexts; must be re-anchored specifically to resurrection guarantee here. |
| 64 | last Adam / first Adam | ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ / πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδάμ | eschatos Adam / prōtos anthrōpos Adam | el último Adán / el primer hombre Adán | Medium | RES | 15:21-22, 45-49 | — | Requires explicit OT/typological background teaching (Genesis 2-3). |
| 65 | spiritual body | σῶμα πνευματικόν | sōma pneumatikon | cuerpo espiritual | High | RES | 15:44 | — | Must not be read as bodiless/ghost-like; directly parallels baseline’s Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería flag on resurrection — a real, transformed, imperishable body, not a disembodied spirit. Single highest-stakes phrase in the resurrection-body doctrine for this destination language. |
| 66 | imperishable | ἄφθαρτος / ἀφθαρσία | aphthartos / aphtharsia | incorruptible | Low | RES | 15:42, 50-54 | — | Standard. |
| 67 | victory | νῖκος | nikos | victoria | Low | RES | 15:54-57 | — | Standard. |
| 68 | mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | misterio | High | CRO, LS, RES | 2:1, 7; 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51 | — | Strong association with Catholic devotional “misterios” (rosary, sacramental mysteries); Paul’s sense is a previously hidden divine plan now fully disclosed to all believers, not an esoteric or sacramentally-mediated secret. |
| 69 | collection | λογεία | logeia | colecta / ofrenda | Low | UNI, LOV | 16:1-2 | — | Standard. |
| 70 | holy kiss | ἅγιον φίλημα | hagion philēma | beso santo | Low-Medium | LOV | 16:20 | — | Cheek-kiss is already common social custom in Hispanic culture; brief note needed to preserve the term’s set-apart “family of God” significance. |
| 71 | Maranatha | Μαρανα θά | Marana tha | Marana ta | Medium | RES | 16:22 | Full translation “Ven, Señor” as the primary rendering (loses the primitive Aramaic confession’s antiquity/intimacy) | Retained as transliteration, paralleling baseline’s treatment of “Abba”; gloss with “¡Ven, Señor nuestro!” in footnote. |
C. Terms Requiring Human Theologian Review for Every Occurrence (Critical Tier)
Per the Critical risk tier definition, the following terms require human theologian review at every occurrence in Phase 2 translation:
- la Cena del Señor (the Lord’s Supper) — 11:20 and surrounding institution narrative
- cuerpo / sangre (body/blood, Supper context) — 11:24-25
- virgen (7:25-38) — Marian-association risk
- mesa del Señor / mesa de los demonios (10:21) — Espiritismo collision risk
- cuerpo espiritual (15:44) — resurrection-body vs. disembodied-spirit risk
- All Reused Critical-tier baseline terms (justicia, justificación, salvación, Señor, Jesús/Cristo, Dios, Espíritu Santo, Padre, santos) at every 1 Corinthians occurrence, per existing baseline routing.
D. Terms Requiring Human Theologian Review for High-Risk Doctrinal Occurrences
Cruz, sabiduría/locura (paired), templo, tradición, cabeza, ídolo, carne sacrificada a los ídolos, lenguas, cuerpo de Cristo, discernir el cuerpo, memoria/anámnesis, amor (ágape), misterio, entregar (a Satanás), soltero/a, and all Reused High-tier baseline terms (evangelio, gracia, fe, llamado, santo, santificación, ley, gloria, dones espirituales, pacto) at every 1 Corinthians occurrence, per existing baseline routing.
This glossary extends but never contradicts translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All 71 terms above are candidates for formal addition to a translation_memory.json version increment in the Phase 2 workflow; Section A terms require no version change since they already exist verbatim in the baseline.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Applies at 1 Corintios 1:30; 6:11; less prominent than in Romanos but identical doctrinal stakes.
Justification
Approved rendering: justificación
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: proceso gradual de purificación interior
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1 Corintios 6:11 (‘justificados en el nombre del Señor Jesús’) preserves the forensic ‘declared righteous’ sense against Tridentine infused-righteousness drift.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1 Corintios 15:2’s present-passive ‘sois salvos’ is an ongoing experience grounded in the once-for-all gospel fact of vv.3-4, not progressive merit.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 12:3’s Spirit-produced confession ‘Jesús es el Señor’ must render identically to Romanos 10:9 per cross-document consistency rule.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered.
Christ
Approved rendering: Cristo
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New term for this Language Package. The Romans baseline folded this title under ‘messiah’ (Mesías); 1 Corintios uses ‘Cristo’ with extremely high frequency (60+ occurrences, e.g. ‘en Cristo Jesús,’ ‘Cristo resucitado’) as Jesus’ proper title-name, distinct from but referring to the same underlying reality as ‘Mesías.’ Render consistently as ‘Cristo’ per established Bible-translation convention.
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Especially urgent given chs.12-14’s discussion of spiritual manifestations and speech phenomena; must be distinguished from ancestral/guide spirits in Espiritismo and Santería.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: resurrección
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: reencarnación
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Risk intensifies here: 1 Corintios 15 is the NT’s fullest sustained bodily-resurrection argument; must never be rendered with reincarnation/spirit-return language, a live risk in Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería contexts.
Virgin
Approved rendering: virgen
Transliteration: parthenos
Doctrine: Devoted Singleness and the Term ‘Virgin’
Rejected alternatives: virgen sin glosa aclaratoria (unqualified rendering risking an immediate, unintended Marian association)
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
New term. Across the Spanish-speaking world ‘la Virgen’ is overwhelmingly Mary’s title (la Virgen de Guadalupe, del Carmen, de Fátima, etc.). Every occurrence in 7:25-38 REQUIRES an explicit clarifying gloss that Paul addresses unmarried Christian women generally, never Mary. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: la mesa del Señor / la mesa de los demonios
Transliteration: trapeza kyriou / trapeza daimoniōn
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Table of Demons
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: Liberty
New term. In Afro-Caribbean Espiritismo, the ‘mesa espiritista’ is a specific, currently-practiced ritual for communing with spirits — a direct, contemporary collision with 10:21’s warning, not merely an ancient parallel. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: la Cena del Señor
Transliteration: kyriakon deipnon
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: la Eucaristía (imports transubstantiation/re-sacrifice categories not asserted by the bare text), la Santa Comunión
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Lord’s Supper
New term. The letter’s sharpest historical Catholic-Protestant fault line, parallel to Romanos’ justification/imputed_righteousness fault line. Standardized as ‘la Cena del Señor’ (11:20), paralleling the baseline’s ‘pacto’ over ‘alianza’ choice. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: cuerpo / sangre
Transliteration: sōma / haima
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
New term. Render literally (11:24-25) without added interpretive gloss toward either a strict memorial-only or a transubstantiation reading; confine interpretive nuance to teaching notes.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelio
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel / The Gospel: Content and Apostolic Transmission
Rejected alternatives: buenas nuevas (only as a descriptive gloss, never the standalone technical term)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1 Corintios 15:1-11 is the fullest apostolic content-definition of this term in the New Testament (death, burial, resurrection ‘conforme a las Escrituras’); must never be reduced to a generic inspirational message.
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace / Grace and Apostolic Ministry
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras, la gracia me ayudó a lograrlo (merit-cooperation reframing)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1 Corintios 15:10 (‘no yo, sino la gracia de Dios’) is a prime grace-versus-merit teaching text; must not be softened toward a cooperation-with-merit framing.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1 Corintios 15:14, 17 show that faith’s validity depends entirely on the resurrection’s historicity, not on generic religious sentiment.
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic/legal register)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1:1-2 (apostleship, sainthood), 7:15-24 (the state in which one was called), 15:9 (Paul’s own calling).
Calling
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 7:17-24’s repeated ‘en el llamado en que fue llamado’ requires particular care never to collapse into ‘vocación.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification / Separation unto God’s Service
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Applies at 3:17 (temple-status) and 7:14, 34 (family members through a believing spouse).
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: los santos (canonizados, objeto de veneración e intercesión)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 1:2 repeats Romanos 1:7’s exact formula for a visibly divided, scandal-ridden church, making the all-believers clarifying note even more pedagogically necessary; recurs at 6:1-2; 14:33; 16:1, 15.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificación
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificación penitencial, vía purgativa
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 7:14’s usage for an unbelieving spouse/children is a qualified, relational/positional sense, distinct from personal saving faith and requiring explicit teaching.
Law
Approved rendering: ley
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy / Order in Worship
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Referenced at 7:39; 9:8-9, 20; 14:21, 34; 15:56.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. The reason for Christ’s death (15:3) and the sting resurrection defeats (15:56).
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Used of the cross-hidden wisdom (2:7-8), the body’s purpose (6:20; 10:31), and the resurrection body’s splendor (15:40-43).
Covenant
Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: alianza (Catholic-tradition synonym, not this Language Package’s standard), contrato legal
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 11:25’s ‘el nuevo pacto en mi sangre’ institutes the Lord’s Supper; ‘pacto’ retained per established standard, not ‘alianza.‘
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers / Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 8:6 (the one God from whom all things come); 15:24 (Christ delivers the kingdom to the Father).
Cross
Approved rendering: cruz
Transliteration: stauros
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
New term. In Catholic-majority Hispanic culture ‘la cruz’ carries strong devotional/talismanic associations (crucifix veneration, Stations of the Cross, protective sign-of-the-cross). Paul’s own point — a scandalous execution instrument as the locus of God’s power and wisdom — must be recovered explicitly, not left to default to generic devotional imagery.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: hombre natural
Transliteration: psychikos
Doctrine: Spiritual Discernment and the Natural Person
Rejected alternatives: psíquico (false-cognate risk: reads as psychic/paranormal in modern Spanish, the opposite of Paul’s meaning)
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Anthropology
New term. Must never be rendered with a ‘psico-’ root word; use ‘hombre natural,’ explicitly glossed as ‘unregenerate, without the Spirit’ (2:14).
Temple
Approved rendering: templo
Transliteration: naos
Doctrine: The Church as Temple of God / Holiness of the Body
Original: ναός
Category: Sanctification
New term. Applied corporately to the gathered church (3:16-17) and individually to the believer’s body (6:19); everyday Spanish usage defaults ‘templo’ to a physical building, which must be explicitly taught against in both applications.
Hand Over Disciplinary
Approved rendering: entregar (a Satanás)
Transliteration: paradidomi (disciplinary sense)
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παραδίδωμι (disciplinary sense)
Category: Sanctification
New term. Shares its Greek root with the tradition-transmission verb ‘entregué’ of 15:3; a translator note is REQUIRED at both occurrences so this severe, restorative disciplinary act (5:5) is never conflated with the transmission of apostolic gospel tradition, or vice versa.
Unmarried
Approved rendering: soltero / soltera
Transliteration: agamos
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: vocación (unqualified, for the general call of every ordinary believer to singleness)
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
New term. Voluntary lay singleness for devotion to God is culturally coded almost exclusively as ‘vocación religiosa’ (priesthood/consecrated life) in Catholic-majority culture; must use ‘llamado,’ never unqualified ‘vocación,’ and be taught explicitly as applying to ordinary believers (7:8, 11, 32-34).
Food Sacrificed To Idols
Approved rendering: carne sacrificada a los ídolos
Transliteration: eidōlothyton
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Table of Demons
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Liberty
New term. Direct, live parallel to contemporary Santería/Espiritismo and syncretistic folk-Catholic food-offering practices in Latin America and the Caribbean (8:1-13; 10:19-28); not merely an ancient-world curiosity for many learners.
Idol
Approved rendering: ídolo
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: Idolatry and the Table of Demons
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Liberty
New term. Requires careful non-polemical handling given historical Protestant-Catholic tension over image/saint veneration (8:4-7; 10:14, 19; 12:2); teach Paul’s actual point without inter-tradition polemic.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: descalificado
Transliteration: adokimos
Doctrine: Apostolic Self-Denial and Reward
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Liberty
New term. 9:27 concerns Paul’s own ministry effectiveness/reward through personal integrity, not loss of salvation itself; must not be taught as contradicting the baseline assurance_of_salvation doctrine.
Head
Approved rendering: cabeza
Transliteration: kephalē
Doctrine: Head Covering and Order Between the Sexes
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship Order
New term. Genuinely disputed Greek semantic range (authority vs. source/origin, 11:3) with direct consequences for teaching on gender and church order; render literally as ‘cabeza’ but flag every occurrence for human theologian review.
Tradition
Approved rendering: tradición
Transliteration: paradosis
Doctrine: Order in Worship / The Lord’s Supper
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Worship Order
New term. Paul’s bounded, apostolic, Scripture-consistent instruction to this specific church (11:2, 23; root shared with 15:3’s ‘entregué’); must not be equated with the capitalized Catholic doctrine of ongoing Magisterial Sacred Tradition.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: memoria / en memoria de
Transliteration: anamnesis
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Lord’s Supper
New term. Active, participatory, proclamatory recalling (11:24-26), not private devotional recollection alone.
Discern The Body
Approved rendering: discernir el cuerpo
Transliteration: diakrinōn to sōma
Doctrine: Unworthy Participation and Discernment of the Body
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Lord’s Supper
New term. Must be taught connected to the social/economic abuse Paul condemns (11:21-22, excluding poorer members), not reduced to an individualistic private worthiness-check.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: cuerpo de Cristo
Transliteration: sōma Christou
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
New term. Distinct from both the Eucharistic Communion formula and the formal Catholic ‘Cuerpo Místico’ ecclesiology (12:12-27); Paul’s point is concrete interdependence of diverse members without gift-based hierarchy.
Tongues
Approved rendering: lenguas
Transliteration: glōssa / glōssai
Doctrine: Tongues and Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: poderes espirituales framing
Original: γλῶσσα / γλῶσσαι
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New term. Widespread contemporary Pentecostal/Charismatic glossolalia and Espiritismo/Santería trance-speech phenomena create real conflation risk (12:10-14:39); must be taught as always subject to order, interpretation, and edification.
Love
Approved rendering: amor
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
New term. Spanish ‘amor’ is a single broad word saturated with romantic connotation in popular culture; Paul’s selfless, active, non-romantic sense (13:1-13) must be taught explicitly. Pedagogical gloss ‘amor ágape’ recommended in teaching notes only, never as the primary Bible-text rendering.
Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: cuerpo espiritual
Transliteration: sōma pneumatikon
Doctrine: Nature of the Resurrection Body
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
New term. The single highest-stakes phrase in the whole book for this destination language (15:44): must never be read as bodiless/ghost-like, precisely the reading the regional Espiritismo/Santería framework predisposes; a real, transformed, imperishable body, not a disembodied spirit.
Mystery
Approved rendering: misterio
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: The Mystery of God’s Wisdom
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
New term. Strong association in Catholic tradition with the fixed devotional catalogue of the rosary’s ‘misterios’ and sacramental mysteries (transubstantiation); Paul’s sense — a plan long hidden, now fully disclosed to every believer through the Spirit — must be taught explicitly at every occurrence (2:1, 7; 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51).
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: la Iglesia (institución jerárquica en sentido católico-institucional)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered, lowercase per forbidden-substitution rule. Extremely high-frequency term across 1 Corintios; church order/practice is the letter’s dominant practical subject.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Dios
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. 4:20; 6:9-10; 15:24, 50 tie God’s sovereign reign to the eschatological consummation at Christ’s return.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Dios
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered, with a new contextual application in 1 Corintios: God’s power revealed precisely in the apparent weakness and shame of the cross (1:18-25, 27).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dones espirituales
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: poderes espirituales
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Direct subject of chs.12 and 14; also applied to states of life (married/single) in 7:7.
Division
Approved rendering: división
Transliteration: schisma
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: esquisma (imports major church-historical schism connotations, e.g. the East-West Schism or the Reformation, inappropriate to intra-congregational strife)
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
New term. Names the letter’s presenting problem (1:10-13; 11:18); register must stay at congregational scale.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: sabiduría
Transliteration: sophia
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
New term. Must be tracked in sustained rhetorical antithesis with ‘locura’ throughout 1:18-2:16; a flattened translation weakens the cross-as-wisdom-and-power doctrine.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: locura
Transliteration: mōria
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
New term. Preserve Paul’s deliberate paradox ‘la locura de Dios’ (μωρία τοῦ θεοῦ, 1:25) rather than smoothing it into a less provocative synonym.
Spiritual Person
Approved rendering: espiritual
Transliteration: pneumatikos
Doctrine: Spiritual Discernment and the Natural Person
Original: πνευματικός
Category: Anthropology
New term. In charismatic/Pentecostal-influenced contexts ‘espiritual’ can be misread as a claim to special supernatural experience rather than Paul’s point of Spirit-given discernment of gospel truth (2:15).
Carnal
Approved rendering: carnal
Transliteration: sarkikos
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Church
New term. Describes the Corinthians’ factionalism as spiritual immaturity (3:1-3); avoid a purely moralistic sensual-sin-only reading.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: inmoralidad sexual
Transliteration: porneia
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: fornicación (traditional Reina-Valera rendering, but narrower than porneia’s actual scope in ch.5, which includes incest)
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
New term. Recommended as the primary Language Package rendering going forward; ‘fornicación’ retained only for narrower RV-style quotation contexts.
Leaven
Approved rendering: levadura
Transliteration: zymē
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: ζύμη
Category: Sanctification
New term. Metaphor for corrupting influence that spreads through a community, tied to Passover typology (5:6-8); requires brief OT festival-calendar background note.
Conscience
Approved rendering: conciencia
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Liberty
New term. Must be taught as a genuine moral-spiritual faculty that can be defiled (8:7, 10, 12; 10:25-29), not mere social etiquette.
Right Liberty
Approved rendering: derecho / libertad
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Liberty
New term. Anchor term for the doctrine of Christian liberty; real liberty voluntarily limited by love for the weaker believer (8:9; 9:4-18), never unrestrained license.
Order
Approved rendering: orden
Transliteration: taxis
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις (implied)
Category: Worship Order
New term. Anchor term for ‘Order in Worship’; flows from God’s own character (peace, not confusion, 14:33, 40), not mere liturgical preference.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: primicias
Transliteration: aparchē
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Eschatology
New term. Familiar via tithing/offering teaching (‘diezmos y primicias’), a helpful cultural bridge, but must be re-anchored here specifically to resurrection guarantee (15:20, 23), not financial giving.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: el último Adán / el primer hombre Adán
Transliteration: eschatos Adam / prōtos anthrōpos Adam
Doctrine: Nature of the Resurrection Body
Original: ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ / πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδάμ
Category: Eschatology
New term. Typological contrast (15:21-22, 45-49); requires explicit Old Testament background teaching (Genesis 2-3).
Maranatha
Approved rendering: Marana ta
Transliteration: Marana tha
Doctrine: Apostolic Greetings and Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: Ven, Señor (full translation loses the primitive Aramaic confession’s antiquity and intimacy)
Original: Μαρανα θά
Category: Eschatology
New term. Retained as transliteration, paralleling the baseline’s treatment of ‘Abba, Padre’; gloss with ‘¡Ven, Señor nuestro!’ in a footnote rather than translating it away (16:22).
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Used throughout, especially ch.9 (Paul defends his apostleship) and 15:5-9 (the eyewitness list).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Prophecy and Edification
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Emphasis shifts here toward edification/intelligibility (14:1-6, 24-25, 29-33) rather than Romanos’ Old Testament fulfillment emphasis; risk tier unchanged.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Prophecy and Edification
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Listed among spiritual gifts/offices, 12:28-29.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: compañerismo
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship / The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: comunión de los santos (specific Catholic liturgical formula)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered, using the allowed contextual ‘comunión.’ Risk rises to High at 10:16-17 where κοινωνία bears direct Lord’s-Supper participatory weight; flag that occurrence for theologian review.
Strife
Approved rendering: contiendas
Transliteration: eris
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: ἔρις
Category: Church
New term. Concrete evidence of the schisma reported to Paul (1:11; 3:3).
Steward
Approved rendering: administrador
Transliteration: oikonomos
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship and Accountability
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
New term. Applied to apostles as stewards of God’s mysteries (4:1-2).
Marriage
Approved rendering: matrimonio
Transliteration: gamos
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος
Category: Marriage
New term. Addressed throughout ch.7 as a good gift, not a lesser concession.
Self Control
Approved rendering: dominio propio
Transliteration: enkrateia
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Marriage
New term. The ability to remain single without falling into sin (7:5, 9; 9:25).
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: piedra de tropiezo
Transliteration: proskomma
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: πρόσκομμα
Category: Liberty
New term. The limiting principle on the exercise of liberty (8:9, 13).
Member
Approved rendering: miembro
Transliteration: melos
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλος
Category: Church
New term. An indispensable, functioning part of the body of Christ (12:12-27).
Interpretation
Approved rendering: interpretación
Transliteration: hermēneia
Doctrine: Tongues and Interpretation
Original: ἑρμηνεία
Category: Spiritual Gifts
New term. The necessary companion gift to tongues in public worship (12:10; 14:13, 26-28).
Confusion
Approved rendering: confusión / desorden
Transliteration: akatastasia
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: ἀκαταστασία
Category: Worship Order
New term. The negative counterpart to order, produced by unregulated simultaneous speech (14:33).
Imperishable
Approved rendering: incorruptible
Transliteration: aphthartos / aphtharsia
Doctrine: Nature of the Resurrection Body
Original: ἄφθαρτος / ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
New term. The permanent, undecaying quality of the resurrection body (15:42, 50-54).
Victory
Approved rendering: victoria
Transliteration: nikos
Doctrine: Nature of the Resurrection Body
Original: νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
New term. The chapter’s climactic doxology (15:54-57).
Collection
Approved rendering: colecta / ofrenda
Transliteration: logeia
Doctrine: Giving and Generosity
Original: λογεία
Category: Church
New term. The collection for the Jerusalem believers (16:1-4).
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: beso santo
Transliteration: hagion philēma
Doctrine: Apostolic Greetings and Fellowship
Original: ἅγιον φίλημα
Category: Church
New term. Cheek-kiss greetings are already common Hispanic social custom, which can flatten the term’s set-apart family-of-God sense (16:20); brief clarifying note recommended.
Referenced passages