Core Glossary
Core Glossary
English → Spanish | 2 Timothy 1–4 | Term-by-Term Translation Risk Table
Source language: English (from Koine Greek original)
Destination language: Spanish
Curriculum: 2 Timothy
Core passage anchor: 2 Timothy 3:14–4:5
Dependency: This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Section A lists terms already fixed by the baseline and reused verbatim. Sections B–G are new terms generated by 2 Timothy’s distinct vocabulary, with risk tiers assigned using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework and review-routing convention (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Deviation Permitted)
| # | Term (EN) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Chapter(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | gospel | evangelio | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:8,10; 2:8 | Reuse baseline exactly; do not substitute “buenas nuevas” as the standalone term. |
| A2 | grace | gracia | High | Assurance of Reward; Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:2,9; 2:1; 4:22 | Reuse baseline exactly; must not drift toward merit-cooperation framing, especially near 4:7-8’s reward language. |
| A3 | faith | fe | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission | 1:5,13; 2:18,22; 3:8,10,15; 4:7 | Reuse baseline exactly; note extended sense “the faith” as a body of apostolic teaching (3:8) alongside personal trust (1:5). |
| A4 | righteousness | justicia | Critical | Assurance of Reward; Inspiration/Sufficiency of Scripture | 2:22; 3:16; 4:8 | Reuse baseline exactly; in 4:8 (“crown of righteousness”) must be taught as grace-grounded, not merit-earned. |
| A5 | salvation | salvación | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 2:10; 3:15; (4:18, extended “save/bring safely”) | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A6 | called / calling | llamado | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:9 | Reuse baseline exactly; do not use “vocación” unqualified. |
| A7 | holy | santo | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine (holy calling) | 1:9 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A8 | sanctification / sanctified | santificación / santificado | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2:21 | Reuse baseline exactly; applied to “vessels” made useful to the Master. |
| A9 | resurrection | resurrección | Critical | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 2:8,18 | Reuse baseline exactly; 2:18’s Hymenaeus/Philetus error is a live case study of over-spiritualized resurrection doctrine. |
| A10 | lord | Señor | Critical | Assurance of Reward; Perseverance under Suffering | throughout; esp. 4:17-18 | Reuse baseline exactly; direct divine presence/rescue, not saintly/Marian mediation. |
| A11 | power of God | poder de Dios / poder | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:7,8; 3:5 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A12 | glory | gloria | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 2:10; 4:18 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A13 | seed of David | descendencia de David | Medium | (background; not directly cited in 2 Timothy but term family available) | — | Retained for consistency; no direct occurrence found in 2 Timothy. |
| A14 | Jesus | Jesús | Critical | all doctrines | throughout | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A15 | God | Dios | Critical | all doctrines | throughout | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A16 | Holy Spirit | Espíritu Santo | Critical | Guarding Sound Doctrine (indwelling enablement) | 1:14 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A17 | Father | Padre | Critical | (greeting formula) | 1:2 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A18 | peace | paz | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine (ministry virtue) | 1:2; 2:22 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A19 | exhort | exhortar | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A20 | thanksgiving / give thanks | acción de gracias / doy gracias | Low | (greeting formula) | 1:3 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A21 | election / elect | elección / escogidos | High | Assurance of Reward | 2:10 | Reuse/extend baseline exactly; adjectival “elect ones” (τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς) rendered “los escogidos.” |
| A22 | apostle | apóstol | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:1 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| A23 | kingdom of God (extended: his kingdom / heavenly kingdom) | reino / reino de Dios / reino celestial | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 4:1,18 | Reuse/extend baseline exactly. |
Section B — Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture (New Terms)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Scripture | γραφή (graphē) | Escritura | Critical | 3:16 | ”escrito religioso” (generic) | Must retain full canonical weight; “toda la Escritura” (πᾶσα γραφή) is the unqualified scope claim anchoring the whole doctrine. |
| B2 | sacred writings | ἱερὰ γράμματα (hiera grammata) | sagradas Escrituras / sagradas letras | High | 3:15 | ”textos sagrados” (too generic, loses covenantal specificity) | Equivalent in doctrinal weight to graphē (B1); refers to the OT Timothy knew from infancy. |
| B3 | God-breathed | θεόπνευστος (theopneustos) | inspirada por Dios | Critical | 3:16 | none rejected (shared term across traditions) | The central fault line: Catholic Dei Verbum holds Scripture+Tradition together under Magisterial interpretive authority, while this doctrine (with v.17) teaches Scripture’s own self-sufficiency to fully equip believers apart from an external completing authority. Structurally parallel to the baseline’s imputed_righteousness fault line. Requires theologian review at every occurrence. |
| B4 | complete / thoroughly equipped | ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτισμένος (artios / exartismenos) | íntegro, plenamente equipado/capacitado | High | 3:17 | ”perfecto” (risks sinless-perfection reading) | Functional completeness for ministry via Scripture alone — direct textual basis for Sufficiency of Scripture; do not soften to a partial or supplementary-authority-dependent sense. |
| B5 | man of God | ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ (anthrōpos tou theou) | hombre de Dios | Medium | 3:17 | ”hombre santo” (shifts emphasis toward personal piety rather than Scripture-formed vocation) | Risk of narrowing to a clerical/charismatic-elite honorific in Pentecostal and folk-religious Spanish-speaking contexts; clarify as the vocation of every Scripture-formed believer. |
| B6 | sound doctrine / sound words | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι (hygiainousa didaskalia / hygiainontes logoi) | sana doctrina / sanas palabras | High | 1:13; 4:3 | none rejected; caution flagged instead | Risk that “doctrina” defaults to the Magisterium’s official teaching body rather than Scripture-normed apostolic teaching; pair every occurrence with an explicit clarifying note. |
| B7 | doctrine / teaching (general) | διδασκαλία / διδαχή (didaskalia / didachē) | doctrina / enseñanza | High | 3:16; 4:2,3 | — | Recommend “enseñanza” for the general act of teaching (διδαχή) and “doctrina” reserved for the fixed body of content (διδασκαλία), applied consistently across curriculum documents to avoid drift. |
| B8 | the word / word of God | λόγος / λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (logos / logos tou theou) | la Palabra / la palabra de Dios | High | 2:9; 4:2 | ”el mensaje” (too generic, loses the specific apostolic-message referent) | Must be recognized across the curriculum as the same specific, Scripture-rooted apostolic message in every occurrence (2:9’s “unbound word” and 4:2’s “preach the word” must be cross-referenced). |
| B9 | truth | ἀλήθεια (alētheia) | verdad | High | 2:15,18,25; 3:7,8; 4:4 | — | Fixed, objective referent contrasted with “myths”; must not be relativized to “una verdad” among perspectives. |
| B10 | knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (epignōsis alētheias) | conocimiento de la verdad | Medium | 2:25; 3:7 | — |
Section C — Guarding Sound Doctrine and Faithful Transmission of the Gospel (New Terms)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | deposit entrusted | παραθήκη (parathēkē) | depósito | High | 1:12,14 | ”tesoro” (loses the specific trust/custody sense) | Direct terminological overlap with the Catholic depositum fidei (“depósito de la fe,” CCC §84-95); must be taught as an individual minister’s Spirit-enabled personal responsibility, not primarily an institutional-Magisterial guardianship function. |
| C2 | entrust | παρατίθημι (paratithēmi / parathou) | encomendar / encargar | Medium | 2:2 | ”delegar” (too administrative/bureaucratic register) | Central verb of the multi-generational transmission chain (2:2); flag for theologian review as the clearest single proof-text for Faithful Transmission of the Gospel. |
| C3 | faithful men/people | πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι (pistoi anthrōpoi) | hombres fieles / personas fieles | Medium | 2:2 | — | |
| C4 | rightly handling the word of truth | ὀρθοτομέω (orthotomeō) | manejar/interpretar rectamente [la palabra] | High | 2:15 | ”dividir correctamente” (too literal/mechanical, loses interpretive-skill nuance) | Positive counterpart to false teachers’ distortion; combine with B8/B9. |
| C5 | profane, empty chatter | βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι (bebēloi kenophōniai) | palabrería profana y vana | Medium | 2:16 | — | |
| C6 | gangrene (spreading false teaching) | γάγγραινα (gangraina) | gangrena | Medium | 2:17 | — | Vivid image of doctrinal corrosiveness. |
| C7 | foundation of God stands firm | θεμέλιος (themelios) | fundamento | Low | 2:19 | — | |
| C8 | foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις (mōrai zētēseis) | controversias necias | Low | 2:23 | — | |
| C9 | pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις (hypotypōsis) | modelo / patrón | Low | 1:13 | — | Cross-reference with B6. |
Section D — The Charge to Preach the Word (New Terms)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | preach | κηρύσσω (kēryssō / kēryxon) | predicar | High | 4:2 | ”compartir un mensaje” (too soft, loses authoritative-herald force) | Must preserve the bold, comprehensive, non-optional force of a herald’s public proclamation, not routine liturgical delivery. |
| D2 | be ready / be urgent | ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi / epistēthi) | está listo / persiste | Medium | 4:2 | — | |
| D3 | in season, out of season | εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως (eukairōs akairōs) | a tiempo y fuera de tiempo | Medium | 4:2 | — | |
| D4 | reprove / rebuke | ἐλέγχω / ἐπιτιμάω (elegchō / epitimaō) | redargüir / reprender | Medium | 4:2 | — | |
| D5 | patience / longsuffering | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | paciencia / longanimidad | Low | 4:2 | — | |
| D6 | do the work of an evangelist | εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistēs) | evangelista | Medium | 4:5 | — | Collision risk: in Catholic usage “los evangelistas” primarily denotes the four Gospel authors; contextualize as an active ministry role, not authorship. |
| D7 | fulfill your ministry | διακονία (diakonia) / πληροφορέω (plērophoreō) | ministerio / cumplir plenamente | Medium | 4:5 | — | |
| D8 | be sober / watchful | νήφω (nēphō) | estar sobrio / velar | Medium | 4:5 | — |
Section E — Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days (New Terms)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | turn away (from truth) | ἀποστρέφω (apostrephō) | apartarse / volverse [de la verdad] | Critical | 4:4 | ”distraerse” (dangerously softens willful defection) | Lexical center of the whole doctrine; must retain full decisiveness, and must not be conflated with formal ecclesiastical excommunication categories. |
| E2 | turn aside / be diverted | ἐκτρέπω (ektrepō) | desviarse | Medium | 4:4 | — | |
| E3 | myths | μῦθος (mythos) | mitos / fábulas | Medium | 4:4 | — | Deliberate contrast with “truth” (B9). |
| E4 | itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν (knēthomenoi tēn akoēn) | comezón/picazón de oír [novedades agradables] | Medium | 4:3 | literal calque “orejas que pican” (unnatural idiom) | Needs a natural Spanish idiomatic equivalent conveying appetite-driven craving for flattering messages. |
| E5 | last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι (eschatai hēmerai) | últimos días | Medium | 3:1 | — | |
| E6 | form of godliness, denying its power | μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας (morphōsis eusebeias) | apariencia de piedad, negando su poder | High | 3:5 | — | Direct diagnostic for inherited/nominal cultural religiosity substituting for genuine transforming faith; same risk category as the baseline’s Faith doctrine caution. |
| E7 | evil people and impostors | πονηροὶ ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες (ponēroi anthrōpoi kai goētes) | hombres malos e impostores/engañadores | Medium | 3:13 | ”hechiceros” (overemphasizes occult sense not primary here) | |
| E8 | deceiving and being deceived | πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι (planōntes kai planōmenoi) | engañando y siendo engañados | Medium | 3:13 | — | |
| E9 | disqualified concerning the faith | ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν (adokimoi peri tēn pistin) | reprobados/descalificados en cuanto a la fe | High | 3:8 | — | Extends baseline faith to its “body of apostolic teaching” sense. |
| E10 | deny [Christ] | ἀρνέομαι (arneomai) | negar | High | 2:12 | — | Apostasy-adjacent; full doctrinal weight required. |
| E11 | resurrection already happened (false teaching) | τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι | la resurrección ya sucedió | Critical | 2:18 | — | Case study extending baseline resurrection; over-spiritualized-resurrection error, relevant also to modern hyper-spiritualized teaching. |
| E12 | snare of the devil | ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου παγίς (hē tou diabolou pagis) | la trampa del diablo | Low | 2:26 | — |
Section F — Perseverance under Suffering (New Terms)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | suffer hardship | κακοπαθέω / συγκακοπαθέω (kakopatheō / synkakopatheō) | sufrir/padecer penalidades, aflicción | High | 1:8; 2:3,9; 4:5 | ”tener dificultades” (too weak) | Must be distinguished from a merit-accumulating, expiatory framing of suffering common in folk Catholic piety (e.g., “ofrecer los sufrimientos”); this is endurance for gospel ministry, not merit satisfaction. |
| F2 | persecutions, sufferings | διωγμοί, παθήματα (diōgmoi, pathēmata) | persecuciones y padecimientos | High | 3:11 | — | Grounds the doctrine in Paul’s own biography; reused throughout letter. |
| F3 | everyone who desires to live godly will be persecuted | πᾶς ὁ θέλων εὐσεβῶς ζῆν… διωχθήσεται | todo el que quiera vivir piadosamente…padecerá persecución | High | 3:12 | — | Programmatic statement; persecution presented as the rule, not the exception — must not be softened. |
| F4 | do not be ashamed | μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῇς (mē epaischynthēs) | no te avergüences | Medium | 1:8,12,16 | — | |
| F5 | soldier / athlete / farmer | στρατιώτης / ἀθλητής / γεωργός | soldado / atleta / labrador | Low | 2:3-6 | — | Metaphor cluster reinforcing disciplined endurance. |
| F6 | be sober / watchful | νήφω | estar sobrio / velar | Medium | 4:5 | — | (Cross-listed with D8.) |
| F7 | spirit of fear/timidity | πνεῦμα δειλίας (pneuma deilias) | espíritu de timidez/cobardía | Low | 1:7 | — | |
| F8 | share in suffering for the gospel | συγκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ | comparte/participa en los padecimientos por el evangelio | High | 1:8 | — | Combines reused gospel with F1. |
Section G — Assurance of Reward (New Terms)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Grounded Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | I have fought the good fight, finished the race, kept the faith | τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα | he peleado la buena batalla, he acabado la carrera, he guardado la fe | High | 4:7 | — | Capstone Assurance text; must be taught with the baseline’s Grace/merit distinction (Romans 4:4-5; 11:5-6) so confidence is grace-grounded, not self-generated merit. |
| G2 | crown of righteousness | ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος | la corona de justicia | High | 4:8 | — | Same merit-framework collision as G1; must not be assimilated to indulgence/treasury-of-merit reward logic. |
| G3 | the righteous Judge | ὁ δίκαιος κριτής | el Juez justo | Medium | 4:8 | — | |
| G4 | loved his appearing | ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ | aman su manifestación/venida | High | 4:8 | ”aman su aparición” (rejected — Marian/saintly-apparition collision) | See B/appearing note below (G5); consistent with 4:1’s rendering. |
| G5 | appearing (Christ’s future manifestation) | ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia) | manifestación / venida | High | 4:1,8; (1:10, first coming) | “aparición” (explicitly rejected) | Grounded reason: direct collision with the major Spanish-speaking Catholic devotional category of Marian/saintly “apariciones” (Guadalupe, Fátima, Lourdes); “aparición” must never be the primary rendering for Christ’s epiphaneia. |
| G6 | the Lord will rescue me / bring me safely to his heavenly kingdom | ῥύσεταί με ὁ κύριος… καὶ σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν… τὴν ἐπουράνιον | el Señor me rescatará… y me llevará a su reino celestial | High | 4:18 | — | Combines reused salvation/kingdom_of_god; climactic Assurance statement. |
| G7 | the Lord will repay him according to his deeds | ὁ κύριος ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ | el Señor le pagará/recompensará conforme a sus obras | Medium | 4:14 | — | Negative counterpart to G1-G2; divine justice, not personal vengeance. |
| G8 | rescued from the lion’s mouth | ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος | fui librado/rescatado de la boca del león | Medium | 4:17 | — | |
| G9 | promise of life | ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς | promesa de vida | Medium | 1:1 | — | |
| G10 | life and immortality | ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία | vida e inmortalidad | Medium | 1:10 | — |
Section H — Supporting / Contextual Terms (Low Risk, Included for Full Coverage)
| # | Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | misericordia | Medium | 1:2,16,18 | Distinguish from the specific Catholic devotion “la Divina Misericordia”; here God’s/human basic covenant-shaped compassion. |
| H2 | Savior (title for Christ) | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Salvador | High | 1:10 | Exclusivity of Christ’s saving role must be preserved against any quasi-salvific mediatory role popularly ascribed to other figures. |
| H3 | sincere/unhypocritical faith | ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις | fe sincera / sin hipocresía | Medium | 1:5 | Extends baseline faith. |
| H4 | gift (ministry enablement) | χάρισμα (charisma) | don | Medium | 1:6 | Extends baseline spiritual_gifts; avoid folk-healing framing. |
| H5 | rekindle (a gift) | ἀναζωπυρέω (anazōpyrein) | reavivar | Low | 1:6 | |
| H6 | repentance leading to knowledge of truth | μετάνοια εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας | arrepentimiento para conocer la verdad | Medium | 2:25 | Distinguish from a strictly sacramental (Penance/Reconciliation) framing; here God-granted inward turning. |
| H7 | vessels (of honor/dishonor) | σκεῦος (skeuos) | vaso / vasija | Medium | 2:20-21 | Ties to reused sanctification. |
| H8 | youthful passions | νεωτερικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι | pasiones juveniles | Medium | 2:22 | |
| H9 | conduct / way of life | ἀγωγή (agōgē) | conducta / forma de vida | Low | 3:10 | |
| H10 | last-days vice catalogue (17 terms, 3:2-5) | φίλαυτοι κτλ. | amantes de sí mismos, avaros, jactanciosos, etc. (full list in 07_semantic_analysis.md, Ch. 3) | Low-Medium | 3:2-5 | Standard descriptive vocabulary; recommend consistent rendering across all curriculum lessons. |
| H11 | poured out as a libation (death as sacrificial offering) | σπένδομαι (spendomai) | estoy siendo derramado [como libación] | Medium | 4:6 | |
| H12 | time of my departure | καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεως | tiempo de mi partida | Medium | 4:6 | |
| H13 | Demas deserted… loved the present age | Δημᾶς…ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα | Demas…habiendo amado este mundo presente | Medium | 4:10 | Cautionary contrast to G4. |
| H14 | the Lord stood by me and strengthened me | ὁ κύριος παρέστη καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσεν | el Señor estuvo a mi lado y me fortaleció | Critical | 4:17 | Reuse baseline lord; direct divine presence, not saintly/Marian mediation. |
Glossary Governance Notes
- Terms in Section A are locked. Any deviation from the baseline Romans rendering for these terms must be treated as a translation memory violation per the
12_ai_translation_requirements.mdenforcement rules, and escalated exactly as specified there. - All Critical and High risk new terms (Sections B1, B3, B4, B6, B8, B9, C1, C2, C4, D1, E1, E6, E9, E10, E11, F1, F2, F3, F8, G1, G2, G4, G5, G6, H2, H14) require human theologian review at every occurrence, consistent with the baseline’s risk-routing convention.
- The single highest-priority new-term cluster for theologian review is B1/B3/B4 (Scripture, God-breathed, complete/equipped) in 2 Timothy 3:16-17, given its direct structural parallel to the baseline’s Critical justification/imputed-righteousness fault line.
- The single highest-priority new cultural-collision term is G5/epiphaneia (“appearing”), given the explicit, high-visibility collision with the Marian/saintly “apariciones” devotional category across the Spanish-speaking Catholic world. “Aparición” is formally rejected as the primary rendering wherever epiphaneia refers to Christ’s future coming (4:1, 4:8) or first coming (1:10).
- This glossary must be merged into an updated
translation_memory.jsonandbible_term_registry.json(versioned upward from the Romans baseline) before Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Timothy begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timoteo 4:17 (‘el Señor estuvo a mi lado y me fortaleció’) models Christ’s direct, personal sustaining presence and must not be taught as deflectable onto saintly or Marian intercession. Also occurs 4:1,8,18,22.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Universally standard; occurs throughout 2 Timoteo as the object of the entrusted gospel.
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked as witness to Paul’s solemn charge (4:1).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:14: the Spirit, not an external institutional office, is the enabling agent for guarding the entrusted deposit.
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the letter’s opening greeting (1:2).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: resurrección
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnación
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the gospel Paul preaches (2:8); see ‘resurrection_already_happened’ for this letter’s own case study of the doctrine’s corruption.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timoteo also the goal of Scripture’s training (3:16) and the substance of the future ‘crown’ (4:8); in 4:8 must be taught as grace-secured, never a prize earned through accumulated religious performance analogous to indulgences or the ‘treasury of merit.‘
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 3:15 ties salvación directly to Scripture’s own sufficiency; also present in extended sense in 2:10 and 4:18.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Escritura
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: escrito religioso (too generic)
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
New term. ‘Toda la Escritura’ (πᾶσα γραφή, 3:16) is the unqualified scope claim anchoring this doctrine; must not be narrowed to exclude any canonical portion, nor expanded to include extra-canonical tradition as co-equally ‘inspirada por Dios.‘
God Breathed
Approved rendering: inspirada por Dios
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: inspirada (bare, without ‘por Dios’ — flattens the unique divine-authorship claim into ordinary artistic inspiration)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL. θεόπνευστος (3:16). Structurally parallel to the baseline’s justification/imputed-righteousness Trent fault line: Catholic Dei Verbum §9-10 holds Scripture and Sacred Tradition together as one sacred deposit entrusted to the Magisterium for authoritative interpretation; this doctrine, reinforced by v.17, teaches Scripture’s own sufficiency to fully equip the believer without an equal external interpretive authority to complete it. Never render as bare ‘inspirada.’ Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Turn Away
Approved rendering: apartarse / volverse [de la verdad]
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: distraerse un poco (dangerously softens willful defection)
Original: ἀποστρέφω
Category: Apostasy
CRITICAL. ἀποστρέφω (4:4), lexical center of the Apostasy doctrine. Must retain full decisiveness; must not be conflated with formal ecclesiastical excommunication categories — this is personal, willful turning from truth, not primarily a canonical-juridical status.
Resurrection Already Happened
Approved rendering: la resurrección ya sucedió
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL. τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι (2:18). A concrete, named biblical case study of apostasy corrupting the resurrection doctrine; directly extends the baseline’s Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería collision risk already flagged for ‘resurrección.’ Teach as a historical error illustrating the general danger, never softened into a minor exegetical dispute.
Lord Stood By Me
Approved rendering: el Señor estuvo a mi lado y me fortaleció
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δὲ κύριός μοι παρέστη καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέν με
Category: Reward
Reuses baseline ‘lord’ (Critical) (4:17). Christ’s direct, personal sustaining presence amid abandonment by human companions models the same caution the baseline fixes against defaulting intercessory/mediatory expectation onto saints rather than Christ directly.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelio
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: buenas nuevas (only as a descriptive gloss, never the standalone technical term)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Timoteo the gospel is something suffered for (1:8) and transmitted (2:8-9), reinforcing that it is a fixed apostolic message rather than a generic inspirational teaching. Occurs 1:8,10; 2:8.
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Must not drift toward merit-cooperation framing, especially near 4:7-8’s reward language, where grace grounds Paul’s confidence rather than his own accumulated merit. Occurs 1:2,9; 2:1; 4:22.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timoteo extends this term to ‘la fe’ as a defined body of apostolic teaching (3:8, adokimoi peri tēn pistin) alongside its personal-trust sense (1:5,13; 2:22; 4:7); flag the extended sense for clarification so learners do not collapse the two senses into each other.
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Original: κλῆσις / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Timoteo 1:9’s ‘llamado santo… no según nuestras obras’ directly reinforces the baseline’s grace/merit distinction. Do not use ‘vocación’ unqualified.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificación / santificado
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificación penitencial, vía purgativa
Original: ἁγιάζω (participle ἡγιασμένον)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied metaphorically in 2:20-21 to ‘vessels’ set apart for the Master’s use; must not collapse into a penitential, works-accumulated purity.
Election
Approved rendering: elección / escogidos
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, extended to adjectival plural ‘los escogidos’ (2:10) — those for whose sake Paul endures all things.
Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: sagradas Escrituras / sagradas letras
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: textos sagrados (too generic, loses covenantal specificity)
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
New term (ἱερὰ γράμματα, 3:15). Equivalent in doctrinal weight to ‘Escritura’ (graphē) in 3:16, not a lesser or merely devotional category of religious writings; refers to the OT Timothy knew from infancy.
Complete Equipped
Approved rendering: íntegro / plenamente equipado, capacitado
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: perfecto (risks a sinless-perfection reading)
Original: ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτισμένος
Category: Scripture
New term (ἄρτιος / ἐξαρτισμένος, 3:17). Functional completeness for ministry produced by Scripture alone; direct textual basis for Sufficiency of Scripture — do not soften toward a partial or supplementary-authority-dependent sense.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: sana doctrina / sanas palabras
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι
Category: Scripture
New term (ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι, 1:13; 4:3). In Catholic usage ‘doctrina’ strongly denotes the Magisterium’s official teaching body (Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, Catecismo-based catechesis); pair every occurrence with an explicit note anchoring the standard of soundness in Scripture itself (3:16), not institutional ratification.
Doctrine Teaching
Approved rendering: doctrina / enseñanza
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Scripture
New term (διδασκαλία / διδαχή). Recommend ‘enseñanza’ for the general act of teaching (didachē) and ‘doctrina’ reserved for the fixed body of content (didaskalia), applied consistently across curriculum documents to avoid drift; occurs 3:16; 4:2,3.
The Word
Approved rendering: la Palabra / la palabra de Dios
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: el mensaje (too generic, loses the specific apostolic-message referent)
Original: λόγος / λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
New term (λόγος / λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ, 2:9; 4:2). Must be recognized as the same specific, Scripture-rooted apostolic message across all occurrences; cross-reference 2:9’s ‘unbound word’ with 4:2’s ‘preach the word’ explicitly in teaching materials.
Truth
Approved rendering: verdad
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: una verdad entre varias perspectivas (relativizing)
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
New term (ἀλήθεια). Fixed, objective referent contrasted with ‘mitos’; occurs 2:15,18,25; 3:7,8; 4:4. Never relativize to ‘una verdad’ among many perspectives.
Deposit
Approved rendering: depósito
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: tesoro (loses the specific trust/custody sense)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Ministry
New term (παραθήκη, 1:12,14). Direct terminological overlap with the Catholic depositum fidei (‘depósito de la fe,’ CCC §84-95); must be taught as an individual minister’s Spirit-enabled personal responsibility (1:14), not primarily an institutional-Magisterial guardianship function. Mandatory clarifying note at every occurrence.
Entrust
Approved rendering: encomendar / encargar
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: delegar (too administrative/bureaucratic register)
Original: παρατίθημι
Category: Ministry
New term (παρατίθημι, 2:2). The clearest single proof-text for Faithful Transmission of the Gospel (Pablo → Timoteo → hombres fieles → otros); prefer ‘encomendar’ as primary rendering to preserve the relational, personal act of trust over a bureaucratic task-assignment register.
Rightly Handling
Approved rendering: manejar / interpretar rectamente [la palabra de verdad]
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: dividir correctamente (too literal/mechanical, loses interpretive-skill nuance)
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Ministry
New term (ὀρθοτομέω, 2:15). Positive counterpart to false teachers’ distortion of truth; combine with ‘the_word’ and ‘truth’ entries.
Preach
Approved rendering: predicar
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: compartir un mensaje (too soft, loses authoritative-herald force)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry
New term (κηρύσσω, 4:2). Must preserve the bold, comprehensive, non-optional force of a herald’s public proclamation, not routine liturgical homily delivery bound to a fixed lectionary cycle.
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: apariencia de piedad, negando su poder/eficacia
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας
Category: Apostasy
New term (μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας, 3:5). Directly addresses the risk of inherited cultural religiosity (‘nací católico/cristiano’) substituting for genuine transforming faith; same risk category as the baseline’s Faith doctrine caution.
Disqualified Faith
Approved rendering: reprobados / descalificados en cuanto a la fe
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
New term extending baseline ‘faith’ to its institutional/body-of-teaching sense (ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν, 3:8).
Deny Christ
Approved rendering: negar
Doctrine: Faithfulness of God amid Human Unfaithfulness
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἀρνέομαι, 2:12). Apostasy-adjacent vocabulary; must retain full doctrinal weight, set alongside 2:13’s statement that God remains faithful even when we are faithless — neither verse may be softened to resolve the tension.
Suffer Hardship
Approved rendering: sufrir / padecer penalidades, aflicción
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: tener dificultades (too weak)
Original: κακοπαθέω / συγκακοπαθέω
Category: Suffering
New term (κακοπαθέω / συγκακοπαθέω, 1:8; 2:3,9; 4:5). Must be distinguished from the merit-accumulating, expiatory framing of suffering common in folk Catholic piety (‘ofrecer los sufrimientos’); 2 Timoteo’s suffering is endurance for gospel ministry, never a means of personal spiritual satisfaction.
Persecutions Sufferings
Approved rendering: persecuciones y padecimientos
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμοί, παθήματα
Category: Suffering
New term (διωγμοί, παθήματα, 3:11). Concrete, historical instances (Antioch, Iconium, Lystra) grounding the doctrine in Paul’s own biography; must not be generalized to mere ‘dificultades.‘
Persecution Promise
Approved rendering: todo el que quiera vivir piadosamente en Cristo Jesús padecerá persecución
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πᾶς ὁ θέλων εὐσεβῶς ζῆν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διωχθήσεται
Category: Suffering
New term (3:12), a programmatic statement: persecution as the rule for godly living, not the exception; must not be softened to a merely possible or occasional outcome.
Share Suffering Gospel
Approved rendering: participa / comparte en los padecimientos por el evangelio
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: συγκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ
Category: Suffering
New term (συγκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, 1:8), combining reused ‘evangelio’ with suffering vocabulary; explicit link between Perseverance and the Gospel doctrine.
Fought Good Fight
Approved rendering: he peleado la buena batalla, he acabado la carrera, he guardado la fe
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Reward
New term (4:7). Capstone Assurance-of-Reward text; must be taught alongside the baseline’s grace/merit distinction (Romanos 4:4-5; 11:5-6) so Paul’s confidence is grace-secured assurance, not self-generated merit accumulation.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: la corona de justicia
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Reward
New term (ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος, 4:8). Must be taught as a grace-secured future reward for a life of faith, never a prize earned through accumulated religious performance analogous to indulgences or a folk-Catholic ‘treasury of merit.’ Supply an athletic victor’s-wreath teaching gloss (cf. 2:5) to redirect away from royal/votive-object ‘corona’ associations.
Epiphaneia Appearing
Approved rendering: manifestación / venida
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: aparición (explicitly rejected — collides with the major Spanish-speaking Catholic devotional category of Marian/saintly apariciones: Guadalupe, Fátima, Lourdes), epifanía (rejected as primary rendering — nearly exclusively reserved in Spanish for the liturgical feast of Epiphany/Día de Reyes, a different referent)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
New term (ἐπιφάνεια, 1:10; 4:1,8). The single highest-visibility cultural-collision risk in this curriculum. Use ‘manifestación’ or ‘venida’ consistently across every occurrence; ‘aparición’ is formally and permanently disqualified.
Rescue Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: el Señor me rescatará de toda obra mala y me llevará/salvará a su reino celestial
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ῥύσεταί με ὁ κύριος ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔργου πονηροῦ καὶ σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον
Category: Reward
New term (4:18), combining reused ‘salvación’ (Critical) and ‘reino de Dios’ (Medium); the climactic Assurance statement — the Lord’s direct personal agency must be preserved, not diffused into a general providential outcome.
Savior
Approved rendering: Salvador
Doctrine: Christ’s Defeat of Death and the Gift of Life
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New term (σωτήρ, 1:10). Christ’s exclusive saving role must be preserved against any quasi-salvific mediatory role popularly ascribed to the Virgen María or the saints in Spanish-speaking devotional practice; ‘Salvador’ here names Christ alone.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 1:9 (‘llamado santo’) and 1:14 (Espíritu Santo); must avoid drifting toward the canonized-elite association the baseline already flags for ‘santos.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Dios / poder
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Given instead of a ‘spirit of fear’ (1:7,8) and denied in name only by those with a mere ‘form of godliness’ (3:5).
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Goal of salvation ‘con gloria eterna’ (2:10); object of the closing doxology (4:18).
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the greeting (1:2) and pursued as a ministry virtue (2:22).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino / reino de Dios / reino celestial
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, extended to ‘his kingdom’ (4:1) and ‘his heavenly kingdom’ (4:18) as the destination of final salvation.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: descendencia de David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained for cross-curriculum terminological consistency though no direct verse occurrence in 2 Timoteo.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: hombre de Dios
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: hombre santo (shifts emphasis toward personal piety rather than Scripture-formed vocation)
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
New term (3:17). Risk of narrowing to a clerical or charismatic-elite honorific in Pentecostal/charismatic and folk-religious Spanish-speaking circles; must be clarified as the vocation of every Scripture-formed believer, not an exclusive title.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: conocimiento de la verdad
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
New term (ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας, 2:25; 3:7); full, settled understanding contrasted with endless learning that never arrives.
Sincere Faith
Approved rendering: fe sincera / fe sin hipocresía
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις
Category: Faith
New term extending baseline ‘faith’ (ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις, 1:5); genuine, non-performative faith transmitted through Lois and Eunice to Timothy.
Repentance Knowledge Truth
Approved rendering: arrepentimiento para conocer la verdad
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: μετάνοια εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας
Category: Faith
New term (μετάνοια εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας, 2:25). Distinguish from a strictly sacramental (Penance/Reconciliation) framing; here God-granted inward turning prior to and apart from any sacramental process.
Faithful Men
Approved rendering: hombres fieles / personas fieles
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Church
New term (πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι, 2:2). Trustworthy people to whom Timothy is to entrust apostolic teaching for further transmission.
Be Ready
Approved rendering: está listo / persiste
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐφίστημι
Category: Ministry
New term (ἐφίστημι, 4:2).
In Season Out Of Season
Approved rendering: a tiempo y fuera de tiempo
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Ministry
New term (εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως, 4:2); adverbial merism admitting no exception based on circumstance.
Reprove Rebuke
Approved rendering: redargüir / reprender
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐλέγχω / ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Ministry
New term (ἐλέγχω / ἐπιτιμάω, 4:2).
Evangelist
Approved rendering: evangelista
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church
New term (εὐαγγελιστής, 4:5). In Catholic-majority usage ‘los evangelistas’ primarily denotes the four Gospel authors; must be explicitly contextualized as an active gospel-proclaiming ministry role, not authorship.
Fulfill Ministry
Approved rendering: ministerio / cumplir plenamente
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία / πληροφορέω
Category: Ministry
New term (διακονία / πληροφορέω, 4:5); comprehensive, unreserved discharge of ministry duty.
Be Sober
Approved rendering: estar sobrio / velar
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: νήφω
Category: Ministry
New term (νήφω, 4:5); vigilant, undistracted spiritual alertness needed to withstand coming apostasy.
Turn Aside
Approved rendering: desviarse
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐκτρέπω
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἐκτρέπω, 4:4); reinforces ‘turn_away.‘
Myths
Approved rendering: mitos / fábulas
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy
New term (μῦθος, 4:4); deliberately contrasted with ‘verdad.‘
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: comezón / picazón de oír [novedades agradables]
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: orejas que pican (unnatural, unintentionally comic calque)
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
New term (κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν, 4:3); needs a natural periphrastic Spanish idiom conveying appetite-driven craving for flattering messages rather than truth.
Last Days
Approved rendering: últimos días
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἔσχαται ἡμέραι, 3:1); frames the entire vice list and false-teacher warning.
Evil Impostors
Approved rendering: hombres malos e impostores / engañadores
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: hechiceros (overemphasizes occult sense not primary here)
Original: πονηροὶ ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες
Category: Apostasy
New term (πονηροὶ ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες, 3:13); false teachers as active deceivers, growing progressively worse.
Deceiving Deceived
Approved rendering: engañando y siendo engañados
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι
Category: Apostasy
New term (πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι, 3:13); a self-perpetuating cycle.
Profane Chatter
Approved rendering: palabrería profana y vana
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Apostasy
New term (βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι, 2:16); contrast to sound teaching.
Gangrene
Approved rendering: gangrena
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Apostasy
New term (γάγγραινα, 2:17); vivid image of doctrinal corrosiveness.
Vice Catalogue Last Days
Approved rendering: amantes de sí mismos, avaros, jactanciosos, soberbios, blasfemos, desobedientes a los padres, ingratos, impíos, sin amor, implacables, calumniadores, sin dominio propio, crueles, enemigos de lo bueno, traidores, impetuosos, envanecidos, amantes de los placeres más que de Dios
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες κτλ.
Category: Apostasy
New term set (φίλαυτοι κτλ., 3:2-5). Standard descriptive vocabulary; low individual syncretism risk, but lock the sequence for consistency across all curriculum lessons.
Do Not Be Ashamed
Approved rendering: no te avergüences
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῇς
Category: Suffering
New term (μὴ ἐπαισχυνθῇς, 1:8,12,16); central exhortation of chapter 1.
Poured Out Libation
Approved rendering: estoy siendo derramado [como una libación]
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Suffering
New term (σπένδομαι, 4:6); Paul frames his approaching martyrdom as a final sacrificial act of ministry, not tragedy.
Time Of Departure
Approved rendering: ha llegado el tiempo de mi partida
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου
Category: Suffering
New term (ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου, 4:6); death reframed as a dignified departure, not annihilation.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: el Juez justo
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Reward
New term (ὁ δίκαιος κριτής, 4:8); ties to 4:1’s judgment of the living and the dead.
Repay According To Deeds
Approved rendering: el Señor le pagará / recompensará conforme a sus obras
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ κύριος ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
Category: Reward
New term (4:14), concerning Alexander the coppersmith; the negative counterpart to the crown of righteousness — divine justice, not personal vengeance.
Rescued Lions Mouth
Approved rendering: fui librado / rescatado de la boca del león
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος
Category: Reward
New term (ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος, 4:17), an idiom echoing Psalm 22 for deliverance from mortal danger.
Demas Deserted
Approved rendering: Demas me abandonó, habiendo amado este mundo presente
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: Δημᾶς με ἐγκατέλιπεν ἀγαπήσας τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα
Category: Reward
New term (4:10); a named, cautionary case of abandoning ministry out of worldly attachment, contrasted sharply with 4:8’s ‘aman su manifestación.‘
Promise Of Life
Approved rendering: promesa de vida
Doctrine: Christ’s Defeat of Death and the Gift of Life
Original: ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς
Category: Reward
New term (ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς, 1:1); God’s covenant promise of life realized ‘in Christ Jesus,’ foundation for 1:10’s ‘life and immortality’ language.
Life And Immortality
Approved rendering: vida e inmortalidad
Doctrine: Christ’s Defeat of Death and the Gift of Life
Original: ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία
Category: Reward
New term (ζωὴ καὶ ἀφθαρσία, 1:10); life and imperishability made visible through Christ’s abolition of death, grounding Assurance of Reward and future resurrection hope.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericordia
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Grace in Ministry
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New term (ἔλεος, 1:2,16,18). Distinguish from the specific Catholic devotion ‘la Divina Misericordia’; here God’s basic covenant disposition and its concrete relational expression among believers (Onesiphorus’s example).
Gift Charisma
Approved rendering: don
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Grace in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: carisma (secular-usage drift toward ‘personal charm/magnetism’), poderes espirituales
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Ministry
New term extending baseline ‘spiritual_gifts’ (χάρισμα, 1:6). Avoid the folk-healing framing already flagged in the baseline (curanderismo, Santería); this is a Spirit-given ministry enablement to be exercised for the church, not a private supernatural power.
Vessels
Approved rendering: vaso / vasija
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
New term (σκεῦος, 2:20-21), tied to reused ‘santificación’; metaphor for varying roles/usefulness within the church.
Youthful Passions
Approved rendering: pasiones juveniles
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: νεωτερικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sanctification
New term (νεωτερικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι, 2:22); immature, self-indulgent desires Timothy is commanded to flee.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhortar
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. One of the five imperatives of the charge to preach (4:2).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: acción de gracias / doy gracias
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Opens the letter (1:3).
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Paul’s self-designation in the letter opening (1:1).
Pattern Sound Words
Approved rendering: modelo / patrón
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις
Category: Scripture
New term (ὑποτύπωσις, 1:13); cross-reference with ‘sound_doctrine.‘
Patience
Approved rendering: paciencia / longanimidad
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
New term (μακροθυμία, 4:2); the manner in which correction must be given.
Snare Of Devil
Approved rendering: la trampa del diablo
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου παγίς
Category: Apostasy
New term (ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου παγίς, 2:26).
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: controversias necias
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Apostasy
New term (μωραὶ ζητήσεις, 2:23).
Foundation
Approved rendering: fundamento
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Apostasy
New term (θεμέλιος, 2:19); God’s unshakeable foundation stands firm despite apostasy.
Soldier Athlete Farmer
Approved rendering: soldado / atleta / labrador
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης / ἀθλητής / γεωργός
Category: Suffering
New term set (στρατιώτης / ἀθλητής / γεωργός, 2:3-6); straightforward cultural equivalents, low lexical risk.
Spirit Of Fear
Approved rendering: espíritu de timidez / cobardía
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Grace in Ministry
Original: πνεῦμα δειλίας
Category: Suffering
New term (πνεῦμα δειλίας, 1:7), negated as the gift God has given.
Rekindle
Approved rendering: reavivar
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Grace in Ministry
Original: ἀναζωπυρέω
Category: Ministry
New term (ἀναζωπυρέω, 1:6); renewed exercise of a neglected ministry gift.
Conduct
Approved rendering: conducta / forma de vida
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀγωγή
Category: Ministry
New term (ἀγωγή, 3:10); Paul’s whole pattern of life offered as a model to imitate.
Referenced passages